专题04 动词不定式（寒假复习讲义）八年级英语新教材译林版

专题04 动词不定式 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 中考/高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 知识精讲 动词不定式是英语中非常重要的一种非谓语动词形式，基本结构为 to + 动词原形，有时可以省略 to。它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，能在句中承担多种句子成分。 一、 基本形式 1. 肯定式：to + 动词原形 例：to study、to play、to write 2. 否定式：not to + 动词原形 例：not to late（错误）→ not to be late、not to smoke 3. 省略 to 的情况 以下两类动词后接宾语时，不定式要省略 to： - 感官动词：see、hear、watch、notice、feel 例：I saw him cross the street.（我看见他穿过了马路） - 使役动词：make、let、have 例：The teacher made us clean the classroom.（老师让我们打扫教室） 注意：这类结构变为被动语态时，要把 to 补回来。 例：He was seen to cross the street. 二、 主要句法功能 动词不定式可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等成分。 1. 作主语 表示具体的动作或目的，谓语动词用单数形式。 例：To learn English well is important. 优化表达：为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，把不定式后置。 例：It is important to learn English well. 2. 作宾语 放在及物动词后面，作动作的对象。常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：want、hope、plan、decide、try、agree、refuse。 例：She wants to buy a new book. 例：We hope to visit the museum. 3. 作宾语补足语 用于 “动词 + 宾语 + 不定式” 结构，补充说明宾语的动作。常见动词有：ask、tell、want、teach、allow。 例：My mother told me to get up early. 4. 作定语 放在名词或代词后面，修饰该词，表示“要做的事”。 例：I have a lot of homework to do. 例：He needs a pen to write with.（注意：不定式后介词不能丢） 5. 作状语 主要用来表示目的、结果或原因，其中表目的最为常见。 - 表目的：He went to the library to borrow some books. - 表结果：She is old enough to go to school. 三、 常考特殊用法 1. 疑问词 + 不定式 疑问词（what、which、how、where、when）可以和不定式连用，构成短语，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。 例：I don’t know what to do. 例：Could you tell me how to get there? 2. 固定搭配 一些固定短语中，不定式的用法需要牢记： - had better (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事 - why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事？ - would like to do sth. 想要做某事 好题精练 1．The tourists are discussing ________ Chengdu or Changsha is the best city ________ at this time of the year. A．whether; to visit B．if; to visit C．whether; to be visited D．it; to be visited 2．Our school will invite Mr Li ______ us a speech tomorrow on how to protect the earth. A．give B．gives C．to give D．giving 3．I think it’s boring ________ computer games all day. A．play B．plays C．played D．to play 4．Our English teacher encourages us ________ English aloud and be confident any time. A．read B．to read C．reading D．to reading 5．Everyone needs to follow safety rules ________ themselves. A．protect B．to protect C．to protecting D．protected 6．The meeting room isn’t ________ for all of us. We need a bigger one ________. A．enough large; stay in B．large enough; to stay in C．large enough; to stay in it D．enough large; stay in it 7．My mother wants me ________ milk every day. She says it’s good for my health. A．drink B．drinks C．to drink D．drinking 8．The doctor and nurses are patient enough ________ the patients. A．to look after B．look after C．looking after D．looks after 9．The doctor advised my father ________ too much spicy food ________ his stomach problem ________ worse. A．not eat; stopping; getting B．not to eat; to stop; getting C．doesn’t eat; to stop; getting D．doesn’t eat; to stop; not to get 10．—Would you like ________ football with us? —Sure. I like ________ football very much. A．to play; playing B．playing; play C．to play; play D．to playing; playing 真题感知 1．（2025·天津·中考真题）The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings. A．protect B．to protect C．protects D．protected 2．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）We should build on past achievements and work together ________ a better world. A．make B．making C．made D．to make 3．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）________ eyes healthy, we students should spend less time on screens. A．To keep B．Keep C．Kept D．Keeping 4．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon. A．to practise B．practising C．practised D．practise 5．（2025·西藏·中考真题）Our teacher advises us ________ ourselves in the sunshine. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoyed D．enjoying 6．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）“ClimateGPT” is used ________ people with a good understanding of weather conditions. A．provides B．providing C．provided D．to provide 7．（2024·四川·中考真题）—What are you going to do this summer vacation? —I plan ________ my cousin in Hangzhou. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited 8．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night. A．To learn B．Learning C．Learned D．Learn 9．（2024·天津·中考真题）People may use different body language _________ the same feelings. A．show B．to show C．showed D．shows 10．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 综合提升练 一、单项选择。 1．I saw a UFO ________ on the square in my dream. A．to drop B．land C．landed D．lands 2．Our group members spend three hours _________ these broken chairs before the show starts. A．fix B．fixes C．to fix D．fixing 3．________ my spoken English, I joined an English club. A．Practice B．To practice C．Practicing D．Practiced 4．My friend often asks me ________ her how to skate. A．teach B．teaching C．to teach D．taught 5．What would you like _________ during your visit to Wuwei? A．do B．doing C．to do D．does 6．I find ________ difficult ________ English movies because I can’t understand what they say. A．it; to watch B．it; watching C．it; watch D．it’s; watching 7．________ water and electricity, please take a quick shower. A．To waste B．Wasting C．To save D．Saving 8．—Besides eating properly, what else should I pay attention to ________ my body? —You should pay attention to doing exercise regularly. A．shape B．shapes C．shaping D．to shape 9．Everyone should learn how ________ safe when there is a fire. A．keep B．keeps C．keeping D．to keep 10．It’s raining hard, so you need ________ an umbrella with you. A．take B．to take C．not take D．not to take 二、词汇 1．If you feel a little tired, you should stop (have) a short rest. 2．The teacher let us ______ (clean) the blackboard after class. 3．Jane and her friends agreed (help) the old woman. 4．Liu Chang hopes (tour) Baiyin this summer. 5．Suzy would like (send) an email to her friend in the USA． 6．It’s very hard for him (keep) fit because he likes snacks. 7． He promised (tell) me an interesting story about the Ganjiang River. 8．She was heard ______ (sing) a beautiful song in the next room just now. 9．This house is large enough for a big family (live) in. 10．Our teacher allows us (play) sports for an hour every day. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 动词不定式 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 中考/高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 知识精讲 动词不定式是英语中非常重要的一种非谓语动词形式，基本结构为 to + 动词原形，有时可以省略 to。它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，能在句中承担多种句子成分。 一、 基本形式 1. 肯定式：to + 动词原形 例：to study、to play、to write 2. 否定式：not to + 动词原形 例：not to late（错误）→ not to be late、not to smoke 3. 省略 to 的情况 以下两类动词后接宾语时，不定式要省略 to： - 感官动词：see、hear、watch、notice、feel 例：I saw him cross the street.（我看见他穿过了马路） - 使役动词：make、let、have 例：The teacher made us clean the classroom.（老师让我们打扫教室） 注意：这类结构变为被动语态时，要把 to 补回来。 例：He was seen to cross the street. 二、 主要句法功能 动词不定式可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等成分。 1. 作主语 表示具体的动作或目的，谓语动词用单数形式。 例：To learn English well is important. 优化表达：为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，把不定式后置。 例：It is important to learn English well. 2. 作宾语 放在及物动词后面，作动作的对象。常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：want、hope、plan、decide、try、agree、refuse。 例：She wants to buy a new book. 例：We hope to visit the museum. 3. 作宾语补足语 用于 “动词 + 宾语 + 不定式” 结构，补充说明宾语的动作。常见动词有：ask、tell、want、teach、allow。 例：My mother told me to get up early. 4. 作定语 放在名词或代词后面，修饰该词，表示“要做的事”。 例：I have a lot of homework to do. 例：He needs a pen to write with.（注意：不定式后介词不能丢） 5. 作状语 主要用来表示目的、结果或原因，其中表目的最为常见。 - 表目的：He went to the library to borrow some books. - 表结果：She is old enough to go to school. 三、 常考特殊用法 1. 疑问词 + 不定式 疑问词（what、which、how、where、when）可以和不定式连用，构成短语，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。 例：I don’t know what to do. 例：Could you tell me how to get there? 2. 固定搭配 一些固定短语中，不定式的用法需要牢记： - had better (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事 - why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事？ - would like to do sth. 想要做某事 好题精练 1．The tourists are discussing ________ Chengdu or Changsha is the best city ________ at this time of the year. A．whether; to visit B．if; to visit C．whether; to be visited D．it; to be visited 【答案】A 【详解】句意：游客们正在讨论成都和长沙哪个是每年这个时候最适合游览的城市。 考查连词和非谓语动词用法。whether是否；if是否；it它。根据“discussing…Chengdu or Changsha”可知，discuss后接“是否”时常用whether；“the best city…” 中，city与visit是主动关系，此处需要用动词不定式作后置定语，whether和to visit符合语境。故选A。 2．Our school will invite Mr Li ______ us a speech tomorrow on how to protect the earth. A．give B．gives C．to give D．giving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们学校将邀请李先生明天给我们一个关于如何保护地球的演讲。 考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”，此处应填动词不定式to give。故选C。 3．I think it’s boring ________ computer games all day. A．play B．plays C．played D．to play 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我认为整天玩电脑游戏很无聊。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句式“it’s + 形容词 + to do sth.”，表示“做某事是……的”，to play符合。故选D。 4．Our English teacher encourages us ________ English aloud and be confident any time. A．read B．to read C．reading D．to reading 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师鼓励我们大声读英语，并且在任何时候都要自信。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Our English teacher encourages us...English aloud”可知，此处是“鼓励某人做某事”，其英文表达为“encourage sb to do sth”，所以此处使用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。 5．Everyone needs to follow safety rules ________ themselves. A．protect B．to protect C．to protecting D．protected 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每个人都需要遵守安全规则来保护自己。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Everyone needs to follow safety rules... themselves.”可知，遵守安全规则的目的是保护自己，此处应用动词不定式“to protect”作目的状语。故选B。 6．The meeting room isn’t ________ for all of us. We need a bigger one ________. A．enough large; stay in B．large enough; to stay in C．large enough; to stay in it D．enough large; stay in it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：会议室对我们所有人来说不够大。我们需要一个更大的来待在里面。 考查enough的用法和不定式表示目的。enough修饰形容词时，应置于形容词后，即“large enough”（足够大）。第二空“to stay in”是不定式作后置定语修饰“a bigger one”，此处“one”指代前面的“meeting room”，不定式中的“in”已经与“one”构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不需要再加“it”，因此排除C选项。故选B。 7．My mother wants me ________ milk every day. She says it’s good for my health. A．drink B．drinks C．to drink D．drinking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈想让我每天喝牛奶。她说这对我的健康有好处。 考查动词不定式。want sb. to do sth.表示“想让某人做某事”。故选C。 8．The doctor and nurses are patient enough ________ the patients. A．to look after B．look after C．looking after D．looks after 【答案】A 【详解】句意：医生和护士足够耐心地照顾病人。 考查非谓语动词。当enough修饰形容词时，常用结构为“形容词+enough+to do”，表示“足够……以至于……”。本句中，patient是形容词，其后应接不定式to look after。故选A。 9．The doctor advised my father ________ too much spicy food ________ his stomach problem ________ worse. A．not eat; stopping; getting B．not to eat; to stop; getting C．doesn’t eat; to stop; getting D．doesn’t eat; to stop; not to get 【答案】B 【详解】句意：医生建议我父亲不要吃太多辛辣食物，以防止他的胃病恶化。 考查非谓语动词。advise sb. not to do sth.意为“建议某人不要做某事”；第二空表示“为了阻止”，应用动词不定式作目的状语；stop...doing sth.“阻止……做某事”，所以第三空应用动名词。故选B。 10．—Would you like ________ football with us? —Sure. I like ________ football very much. A．to play; playing B．playing; play C．to play; play D．to playing; playing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：----你想和我们一起踢足球吗？----当然。我非常喜欢踢足球。 考查非谓语动词。第一空，would like to do sth.“想要做某事”，因此这里应用动词不定式to play，排除B和D；第二空，根据“I like ... football very much.”可知，此处考查like doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，表示一般性喜好或习惯，应用动名词playing，排除C。故选A。 真题感知 1．（2025·天津·中考真题）The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings. A．protect B．to protect C．protects D．protected 【答案】B 【详解】句意：政府正在制定新计划以保护古建筑。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The government is developing new plans...ancient buildings.”可知，制定新计划是为了保护古建筑，故此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故空格处需用to protect。故选B。 2．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）We should build on past achievements and work together ________ a better world. A．make B．making C．made D．to make 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们应该在过去的成就基础上再接再厉，共同努力创造一个更美好的世界。 考查动词不定式。根据“We should build on past achievements and work together...a better world.”可知，在过去的成就基础上再接再厉并共同努力，以创造一个更美好的世界。此处应是动词不定式作目的状语，故选D。 3．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）________ eyes healthy, we students should spend less time on screens. A．To keep B．Keep C．Kept D．Keeping 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了保持眼睛健康，我们学生应该少花时间在屏幕前。 考查非谓语动词。根据“...eyes healthy”可知，学生少花时间在屏幕前是为了保持眼睛健康，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了保持眼睛健康”。故选A。 4．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon. A．to practise B．practising C．practised D．practise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：基蒂这个星期六下午要去英语角练习英语。 考查非谓语动词。to practise练习，动词不定式形式；practising练习，现在分词或动名词形式；practised练习，过去式或过去分词形式；practise练习，动词原形。根据句子结构可知，空处应是动词不定式作目的状语，表示去英语角的目的是练习英语。故选A。 5．（2025·西藏·中考真题）Our teacher advises us ________ ourselves in the sunshine. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoyed D．enjoying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的老师建议我们在阳光下享受（美好时光）。 考查非谓语动词。“advise sb. to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“建议某人做某事”，根据“Our teacher advises us...ourselves in the sunshine.”可知，此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选B。 6．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）“ClimateGPT” is used ________ people with a good understanding of weather conditions. A．provides B．providing C．provided D．to provide 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“ClimateGPT”用于让人们很好地了解天气状况。 考查动词短语。此处表示“被用来让人们很好地了解天气状况”，用结构be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”。故选D。 7．（2024·四川·中考真题）—What are you going to do this summer vacation? —I plan ________ my cousin in Hangzhou. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这个暑假你打算做什么？——我计划去杭州看望我的堂兄。 考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 8．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night. A．To learn B．Learning C．Learned D．Learn 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息，我昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索信息”的目的是“了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故选A。 9．（2024·天津·中考真题）People may use different body language _________ the same feelings. A．show B．to show C．showed D．shows 【答案】B 【详解】句意：人们可能会用不同的肢体语言来表达同样的感受。 考查非谓语动词。use sth to do sth“用某物做某事”，使用动词不定式，故选B。 10．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国为帮助其他国家建设高速铁路做出了巨大努力。 考查非谓语动词。make great efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”，应用动词不定式。故选B。 综合提升练 一、单项选择。 1．I saw a UFO ________ on the square in my dream. A．to drop B．land C．landed D．lands 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在我的梦里，我看到一个UFO在广场上着陆。 考查非谓语动词的用法。to drop掉落，不定式；land着陆，动词原形；landed着陆，过去式/过去分词；lands着陆，第三人称单数。根据“I saw a UFO...on the square in my dream.”可知，动词see后接宾语时，宾语补足语需用动词原形表示动作的全过程，see sb. do sth.，强调“看到动作发生”。本句描述“看到UFO着陆”这一完整事件，因此用动词原形land。故选B。 2．Our group members spend three hours _________ these broken chairs before the show starts. A．fix B．fixes C．to fix D．fixing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们的小组成员在演出开始前花三个小时修理这些破椅子。 考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth.表示“花时间做某事”，为固定用法，后需跟动名词形式。故选D。 3．________ my spoken English, I joined an English club. A．Practice B．To practice C．Practicing D．Practiced 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了练习我的英语口语，我加入了一个英语俱乐部。 考查动词不定式表示目的的用法。根据“my spoken English, I joined an English club”可知，此处需用不定式表达目的。故选B。 4．My friend often asks me ________ her how to skate. A．teach B．teaching C．to teach D．taught 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的朋友经常要求我教她如何滑冰。 考查非谓语动词。ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，空处用动词不定式形式。故选C。 5．What would you like _________ during your visit to Wuwei? A．do B．doing C．to do D．does 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在访问武威期间，你想要做什么？ 考查动词不定式用法。do原形；doing动名词；to do动词不定式；does第三人称单数。“would you like”后必须接动词不定式（to +动词原形），表示意愿或请求，因此使用to do。故选C。 6．I find ________ difficult ________ English movies because I can’t understand what they say. A．it; to watch B．it; watching C．it; watch D．it’s; watching 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我发现看英语电影很困难，因为我听不懂他们在说什么。 考查it作形式宾语的句型。分析句子“I find…difficult…English movies because I can’t understand what they say.”，结合选项可知，该句是：主语+find+ it+adj+to do sth，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式to do sth。故选A。 7．________ water and electricity, please take a quick shower. A．To waste B．Wasting C．To save D．Saving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了节约水电，请快速淋浴。 考查非谓语动词。根据“water and electricity”可知，快速淋浴是为了节约水电，应用不定式表目的。故选C。 8．—Besides eating properly, what else should I pay attention to ________ my body? —You should pay attention to doing exercise regularly. A．shape B．shapes C．shaping D．to shape 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——除了正常饮食，我还应该注意什么来塑造我的体形？——你应该注意定期锻炼。 考查非谓语动词。shape形状/塑造，名词单数/动词；shapes形状/塑造，名词复数/单数第三人称；shaping塑造，动名词；to shape塑造，不定式。句中“pay attention to”的宾语是疑问词“what else”，空处所在结构作目的状语，表示“为了塑造体形”，应用动词不定式to shape。故选D。 9．Everyone should learn how ________ safe when there is a fire. A．keep B．keeps C．keeping D．to keep 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每个人都应该学会如何在火灾发生时保持安全。 考查动词不定式的用法。keep保持；keeps保持，第三人称单数；keeping保持，现在分词；to keep保持，不定式。根据“learn how后接不定式（即how to do sth.）”的语法规则，表示“学会如何做某事”，此处应选不定式形式to keep。故选D。   10．It’s raining hard, so you need ________ an umbrella with you. A．take B．to take C．not take D．not to take 【答案】B 【详解】句意：雨下得很大，所以你需要随身带把伞。 考查非谓语动词。根据“an umbrella with you”可知是下雨需要带伞，need to do sth.“需要做某事”。故选B。 二、词汇 1．If you feel a little tired, you should stop (have) a short rest. 【答案】to have 【详解】句意：如果你感觉有点累，你应该停下来休息一会儿。stop to do sth.意为 “停下来去做另一件事”，固定用法。故填to have。 2．The teacher let us ______ (clean) the blackboard after class. 【答案】clean 【详解】句意：老师让我们课后擦黑板。let 是使役动词，后接宾语时，不定式省略 to，直接用动词原形。 3．Jane and her friends agreed (help) the old woman. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：Jane和她的朋友同意帮助那个老妇人。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”，是固定短语。故填to help。 4．Liu Chang hopes (tour) Baiyin this summer. 【答案】to tour 【详解】句意：刘畅希望今年夏天去白银旅游。hope to do表示“希望做某事”，不定式作宾语。故填to tour。 5．Suzy would like (send) an email to her friend in the USA． 【答案】to send 【详解】句意：苏西想要给她在美国的朋友发一封电子邮件。send意为“发送”，是动词；根据固定搭配would like to do sth.“想要做某事”可知，此处需用动词不定式。故填to send。 6．It’s very hard for him (keep) fit because he likes snacks. 【答案】to keep 【详解】句意：对他来说保持健康很难，因为他喜欢吃零食。keep“保持”，It’s + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，此处需用动词不定式to keep。故填to keep。 7． He promised (tell) me an interesting story about the Ganjiang River. 【答案】to tell 【详解】句意：他答应告诉我一个关于赣江的有趣故事。tell“告诉”，promise to do sth“承诺做某事”。故填to tell。 8．She was heard ______ (sing) a beautiful song in the next room just now. 【答案】to sing 【详解】句意：刚才有人听到她在隔壁房间唱了一首动听的歌。hear 是感官动词，主动语态中省略 to；但本句是被动语态，需要把 to 补回来。 9．This house is large enough for a big family (live) in. 【答案】to live 【详解】句意：这房子足够大，可以住下一个大家庭。live“居住”是动词。此处是“be+形容词+enough+to do sth.”结构，表示“足够……去做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式。故填to live。 10．Our teacher allows us (play) sports for an hour every day. 【答案】to play 【详解】句意：我们老师允许我们每天运动一小时。play“玩，进行（运动）”是动词。allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此填动词不定式。故填to play。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $