Unit 1 People of Achievement Learning About Language & Using Language 同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

Part 2　Learning About Language & Using Language 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The meaning of the new word can be 　　　　(推断) from the context.   2.With the support of his parents, he rented a storefront and 　　　　(建立) Little EGG Gallery.  3.His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score(乐谱) so the musician doesn’t have to break the 　　　　(流畅)of sound by doing it themselves.  4.I believe that a journalist should be completely o　　　　 and not express personal ideas or emotions.  Ⅱ.单元语法专练 题型(一) 1.Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 　　　　　 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.  2.　　　　　 Aldo Leopold, an American scientist, puts it, we should take time to appreciate and observe the natural world around us.  3.I can’t forget those days, 　　　　　 we played basketball together.   4.Dr. Rowan, 　　　　　 secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.   5.During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, 　　　　　 allowed me to keep my high social status.  6.She brought her three friends to the party, none of 　　　　　 I had ever met before.   7.Many lessons are now available online, 　　　　　 which students can choose for free.   8.On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 　　　　　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.  题型(二) 1.导游带我们来到草莓地,在那里我们看到了新鲜的红色草莓。 The guide led us to the strawberry field, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 fresh red strawberries.   2.很多年轻人都到偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想,他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。 Many young people, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.   3.我最尊敬的人是袁隆平,他不仅帮助养活了中国,也帮助养活了其他许多依赖大米的国家。(现在完成时) The person I respect most is Yuan Longping, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well.   Ⅲ.完成句子 1.总之,您实际且有用的建议肯定会使我们关于中国传统文化的主题班会吸引更多的外国人。 　　　　 　　　　, your practical and useful suggestions are certain to make our theme class meeting about traditional Chinese culture attractive to more foreigners.  2.无论如何我们都不会放弃实现我们的梦想。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 shall we give up accomplishing our dreams.  3.我突然意识到那一刻的善良对另一个人来说意义重大,一个简单的行为可以使世界更美好。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 that moment of kindness could make a big difference to another person, and a simple act could make the world better. 4.(2022全国甲写作)人们普遍认为海洋资源对我们来说极其重要。(acknowledge) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　ocean resources are of vital importance to us.  能力提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Stephen Hawking is a British scientist, professor and author who performed creative and extraordinary work in physics and cosmology(宇宙学), and whose books help to make science accessible to everyone. At the age of 21, Hawking first began to notice problems with his physical health while he was at Oxford—he would sometimes trip and fall—but he didn’t look into the problem until 1963. But when his father discovered the condition, he took Hawking to see a doctor. For the next two weeks, the 21-year-old college student made his home at a medical clinic. Eventually, however, doctors did diagnose(诊断) Hawking with the early stages of ALS(渐冻症). It was devastating news for him and his family. Not long after he left hospital, Hawking had a crucial objective that he was going to achieve. He said this dream made him aware that there were still things to do with his life. In a sense, Hawking’s disease helped turn him into the scientist he wanted to become. Before the diagnosis, Hawking hadn’t always focused on his studies. “Before my condition was diagnosed, I had been very bored with life,” he said. “There had not seemed to be anything worth doing.” With the sudden realization that he might not even live long enough to earn his doctorate, Hawking was committed to his work and research and produced many vital theories. On March 14, 2018, Hawking finally died of ALS, the disease that was supposed to have killed him more than 50 years earlier. The news touched many in his field and beyond. Lawrence Krauss tweeted, “A star just went out in the cosmos. We have lost an amazing and remarkable genius. Hawking fought and tamed the cosmos bravely for 76 years and taught us all something important about what it truly means to celebrate about being humans.” 1.What made Hawking focus on his work and research? A.His father’s guidance on his Ph.D.　　B.His own awareness of his limited life. C.His doctor’s advice on his physical health.　　D.His attempt to be a noted scientist. 2.What does the underlined word “tamed” mean in the last paragraph? A.Explored.　　　B.Balanced.　　　C.Improved.　　　D.Mastered. 3.What do we know about Hawking according to the passage? A.His father first took notice of his health condition. B.Hawking decided to realize his dream when young. C.Hawking is highly praised for his contribution to humans. D.Hawking found all worth doing before he knew his illness. 4.How did Lawrence Krauss feel about Hawking’s life? A.Sympathetic.　　　B.Excited.　　　C.Shocked.　　　D.Impressed. Ⅱ.七选五 As is known, Albert Einstein is acknowledged as one of the greatest and most remarkable scientists of all time because of his extraordinary scientific achievements. He is also a really great person. Einstein learned from making mistakes When Einstein started to work in America, someone asked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and pencils. 　1　. This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making mistakes.  　2　  Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her maths homework because he thought maths was difficult too. Einstein considered time to be important He never wore socks because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also thought remembering things found in books was not worth it.　3　. He knew what was worth remembering. It is true that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste time.  Einstein liked to joke too In one exam, a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year’s. Einstein replied that the questions were the same, but the answers were different.　4　!  When Einstein was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein insisted on working hard and surprised the world with his achievements. 　5　, we should think of him. So, never be discouraged!  A.Einstein was also very modest B.What a humorous person he is C.Einstein was that strict with his students D.He also needed a basket to hold his mistakes E.If we give students a chance to correct their mistakes F.If we ever feel like giving up when we have problems G.That’s why he never remembered his own phone number 1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　  Ⅲ.完形填空 The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. The person who 　1　 the call was not the captain’s first choice. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific 　2　 of all time.  The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, 　3　 by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the 　4　, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to 　5　 various living things in their natural environments. At that time, people believed that all species had 　6　 on Earth at the same time, and had not 　7　 since. But Darwin began to think 　8　. He noticed that some species of animals were very 　9　 to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they 　10　 their changing environments.  It was a completely new idea—a(n) 　11　 of evolution. Darwin 　12　 this theory in his book On the Origin of Species. It was not 　13　 until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Today, On the Origin of Species is 　14　 as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the 　15　 on the Beagle.  1.A.made　　B.wanted C.answered　　D.refused 2.A.discoveries　　B.reports C.substances　　D.designs 3.A.astonished　　B.confused C.inspired　　D.fascinated 4.A.carriage　　　B.ship　　　 C.plane　　　D.horse 5.A.study　　　B.create　　　 C.train　　　D.raise 6.A.survived　　B.appeared C.disappeared　　D.lived 7.A.grown　　B.returned C.changed　　D.left 8.A.hardly　　B.apparently C.carefully　　D.differently 9.A.similar　　B.familiar C.harmful　　D.cruel 10.A.cared for　　B.relied on C.adapted to　　D.insisted on 11.A.opinion　　B.book C.process　　D.theory 12.A.tested　　B.detected C.opposed　　D.explained 13.A.read　　B.published C.sold　　D.written 14.A.chosen　　B.regarded C.emphasised　　D.recommended 15.A.journey　　　B.captain　　　 C.species　　　D.life 答案 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.inferred　2.founded　3.flow　4.objective Ⅱ.题型(一) 1.which　考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。until引导时间状语从句,until后的Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska为从句的主语,后面的took为从句的谓语,主语和谓语之间的部分“　　　 became a national monument in 1978”缺少主语,且前面有逗号, 所以设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias(指物),故此处用引导词which。句意:黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园,占地220万英亩,直到阿拉斯加南部的Wrangell-Saint Elias于1978年成为国家纪念区,并于1980年以1,230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉。  2.As　考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意:正如美国科学家奥尔多·利奥波德所说的,我们应该花时间欣赏和观察我们周围的自然世界。 分析句子结构可知,an American scientist为Aldo Leopold的同位语,所以这里可简化成“　　　 Aldo Leopold puts it”,且后面句子意思完整,故设空处引导非限制性定语从句,表示“正如”,且设空处位于句首,单词首字母应大写,故填As。  3.when　考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号,逗号前面是一个完整的句子,此处指的是“我不能忘记那些日子,在那些日子里我们一起打篮球”,所以设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词those days,将先行词带入定语从句后为“we played basketball together in those days”,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故填when。 4.whose　考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。设空处前后构成了完整的句子“Dr. Rowan has had to do all his own typing.”,设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,此处指的是Rowan医生的秘书在两周前辞职了,由此可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Dr. Rowan,关系词在定语从句中作定语,故填whose。 5.which　考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,逗号前面是一个完整的句子, “　　　 allowed me to keep my high social status”中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,结合语境可知,“允许我保持高社会地位”的是“我喜欢分享我的玩偶和笑话”这件事,所以该非限制性定语从句的先行词即前面主句中的部分内容,故此处用引导词which。  6.whom　考查“代词+of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。设空处无提示词,逗号前面是一个完整的句子,且设空处前面是none of,故推测“none of+设空处”引导非限制性定语从句,此处指“她带着她的三个朋友去参加聚会,这三个朋友我之前一个也没见过”,所以该非限制性定语从句的先行词是her three friends,指人,设空处在从句中作of的宾语。故填whom。 7.from　考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。句意:现在很多课程可以在网上获得,学生可以从中免费选择。结合句意可知,学生可以从前面提到的网上课程中进行选择, choose from意为“从……中选择”,故填from。此题中,from which为 “介词+关系代词”,引导非限制性定语从句。 8.who　考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。设空处前后构成了完整的句子“the man Cao Shengkang crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces”,设空处无提示词且前面有逗号, “　　　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident”中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,结合语境可知,“8岁在车祸中失明的”是曹晟康,所以该非限制性定语从句的先行词为Cao Shengkang,故此处用引导词who。  题型(二) 1.where we saw　2.most of whom　3.who has helped feed Ⅲ.1.In conclusion　2.Under/In no circumstances　3.It struck me that　4.It is widely acknowledged that 能力提升练 Ⅰ.语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。霍金是英国著名的物理学家和宇宙学家,他在物理学和宇宙学方面进行了开创性的工作,文章主要讲述了霍金的患病过程、人生转折以及他对人类的贡献。 1.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“With the sudden realization that he might not even live long enough to earn his doctorate...produced many vital theories.”可知,在霍金突然意识到自己的生命不会太长(即生命有限)的时候,他开始致力于工作和研究。故选B。 2.D　词义猜测题。画线词所在句的意思为:76年来,霍金勇敢地与宇宙斗争并tamed宇宙……。画线词与前面的fought(与……斗争)用并列连词and连接,结合选项可知,D项“控制,驾驭”在意义上与前面的fought相承,即与宇宙斗争进而驾驭宇宙,这也突出了霍金在自己领域杰出的成就。故选D。 3.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,霍金通过自己的研究工作,教会了我们所有人一些重要的东西,那就是庆祝作为人类的真正意义。所以霍金因为对人类的贡献而被高度赞扬。故选C。 4.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后劳伦斯·克劳斯在推特上发的内容“一颗恒星刚刚在宇宙中熄灭,我们失去了一个了不起且非凡的天才”可推知,他对霍金的一生感到钦佩。故选D。A.同情的;B.兴奋的;C.震惊的;D.钦佩的。 Ⅱ.语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了爱因斯坦的一些伟大之处。 1.D　细节句。本段标题为“Einstein learned from making mistakes(爱因斯坦从犯错误中学习)”,设空处前一句提到“他说他需要一张桌子、一些纸和铅笔”,D项“他还需要一个篮子来容纳他的错误”承接上一句,且与标题呼应。故选D。 2.A　主旨句。设空处为本段标题。下文讲到,许多孩子给他写信在作业上寻求帮助。有一天他写信给一个年轻女孩,告诉她不要担心她的数学作业,因为他也认为数学很难,可见他本人很谦虚。A项“爱因斯坦也很谦虚”符合本段主旨。故选A。 3.G　细节句。本段标题为“Einstein considered time to be important (爱因斯坦认为时间很重要)”,设空处上文讲到,他从不穿袜子,因为他认为既然穿了鞋,那么穿袜子就是浪费时间,他还认为,记住书本上的东西是不值得的,G项“那就是为什么他从没记住过自己的电话号码”承接上文,同时举出另一个爱因斯坦看重时间的例子。故选G。 4.B　细节句。本段标题为“Einstein liked to joke too (爱因斯坦也喜欢开玩笑)”,本段提到在一次考试中,一个学生问爱因斯坦为什么所有的问题都和去年的一样。爱因斯坦的回答是,问题都一样,但答案不同,这个回答幽默诙谐,B项“他是一个多么幽默的人啊”符合语境。故选B。 5.F　细节句。设空处后面为逗号,所以设空处不是一个完整的句子,结合选项可知这里应选择一个条件状语从句。设空处上下文构成的语意结构为:爱因斯坦小时候,老师们常说他不聪明。然而,爱因斯坦坚持努力工作,他的成就令世界惊讶→　5　→我们应该想到他。所以,永远不要气馁。F项“如果我们遇到问题时总是想放弃”符合语境,故选F。  Ⅲ.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了达尔文通过探险做出了重要的科学发现,提出了进化论并出版了《物种起源》。 1.C　根据文章第一句“The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone...”可知船长是在招聘。由此推测此处是说“来应聘的人不是船长的首选”,即响应招聘的人(达尔文)并不符合船长的要求。answer the call响应号召。故选C。 2.A　尽管如此,他在这艘船上的冒险经历将促成有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。根据后文对达尔文提出进化论并出版《物种起源》及其影响的介绍可知,此处是说达尔文在船上的冒险经历促使他做出了重要的科学发现(discoveries)。故选A。substance物质。 3.D　查尔斯·达尔文是一位地质学家和博物学家,对岩石、植物和动物都很着迷。 根据对达尔文的介绍“was a geologist and naturalist”可推测此处是说他对大自然中的事物很着迷。be fascinated by对……着迷。故选D。 4.B　根据文章第一段中的“The captain of the ship, the Beagle”可知,贝格尔号是一艘船(ship)。故选B。carriage四轮马车。 5.A　根据“Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist”可知,达尔文是一位地质学家和博物学家,所以他会研究(study)各种生物。故选A。 6.B　在那个时候,人们认为所有的物种都是同一时间出现在地球上的,并且从那以后就没有改变过。根据后文介绍的进化论和《物种起源》推测此处指的是物种的起源。survive幸存;appear出现;disappear消失;live生活。故选B。 7.C　人们过去认为所有的物种出现之后就没有改变过。故选C。 8.D　根据前面的表示转折关系的连词But可知,此处指达尔文有与众不同的想法。hardly几乎不;apparently显然;carefully仔细地;differently不同地。故选D。 9.A　达尔文注意到有些动物物种彼此非常相似。similar相似的;familiar熟悉的;harmful有害的;cruel残忍的。be similar to与……相似。故选A。 10.C　也许动物是在适应不断变化的环境的过程中进化了。根据空后的“changing environments”推测此处指“适应(adapted to)”变化的环境。故选C。care for照顾;rely on依靠;insist on坚决要求。 11.D　根据第12空后的“this theory”可知这里指达尔文提出的进化论(theory)。故选D。 12.D　根据空后的“in his book”可知此处指达尔文在他的书中解释(explained)了这个理论。故选D。test测试;detect发现;oppose反对。 13.B　《物种起源》这本书直到1859年才出版,出版后立即引起了一场风暴。故选B。 14.B　根据现今《物种起源》的地位可知此处是说“现在,《物种起源》被认为是有史以来最重要的著作之一”。be regarded as意为“被认为是……”。故选B。 15.A　人们对地球上的生命的看法发生改变是由于达尔文的进化论,而他的进化论开始于贝格尔号的探险之旅,因此人们对地球上的生命的看法的改变始于贝格尔号的探险之旅。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $