内容正文:
Unit 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD同步话题真题检测答案
一、阅读理解
1. [2023·山东省济宁市高三三模]
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一群音乐艺术家专门用高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作了一张音乐专辑,以此来保护这种语言。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is comprised of a range of contemporary styles, including Pop, Reggae, Country, Heavy Metal, Hip Hop, and Folk.”可知,这张专辑有各种各样的音乐风格。故选A项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Jeremy Charles, a key figure in getting this album off the ground, has said that the ‘music will shine a spotlight on Cherokee artists and speakers, and increase exposure to our culture and language worldwide’. He aims for the album to be an inspiration to the next generation of Cherokee language learners.”可知,Jeremy Charles希望这张专辑可以激发年轻人对Cherokee语的兴趣。故选D项。
3.C 词义猜测题。由画线单词下文“…encourage a younger audience to get involved and start learning the Cherokee language.”可知,这些项目鼓励年轻观众开始学习Cherokee语,这说明这些项目能振兴语言和文化,即恢复语言和文化,由此可推知,画线单词revitalizing与C项意思相近。故选C项。
4.D 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中“Keeping a language alive can strengthen people’s sense of identity and most importantly lead to the preservation of a whole culture. This is probably why a group of Cherokee music artists decided to create a music album(唱片) exclusively in the Cherokee language, a highly endangered Native American language.”可知,文章主要讲述了一群音乐艺术家专门用高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作了一张音乐专辑,以此来保护这种语言,D项“通过音乐的力量来保护语言”适合做文章标题,故选D项。
2. [2023·陕西省联盟学校第三次大联考B]
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来世界语言体系的变化。
5.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Instead of one language acting as a ‘world language’, it seems likely that no one language will dominate in the near future.”可知,在不久的将来,似乎没有一种语言能够占据主导地位,并且不会有一种语言充当“世界语言”。据此推知,在不久的将来,更多的语言将变得有影响力。故选C项。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, just as the relative number of native speakers of English is decreasing, a separate study shows that English is expanding its dominance in the world of science. The dominance of one language in the area of science allows for greater international collaboration and research, making it possible to publish scientific articles to broader audiences.”可知,英语的权威在科学领域是有用的,因为可以实现全球合作。故选A项。
7.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In addition, multilingual employees will gain an edge in international businesses.”以及“Monolingual speakers may have a difficult time participating fully in a multilingual society.”可知,通晓多种语言的员工更能够胜任职场。故选C项。
8.B 主旨大意题。通读全文,根据第一段中“The world’s language system is at a crossroads and a new linguistic order is about to appear. That is the conclusion of a recent study authored by David Graddol, a linguistic researcher.”可知,文章主要介绍了未来世界语言体系的变化,未来会有更多的语言变得有影响力。B项“语言的未来是什么?”符合主题。故选B项。
3.[2024·北京卷A]
【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项语言交流项目,包括要求、报名和注册流程以及注意事项。
21.D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed.”可知,在这个项目中,学生们将练习他们的语言技能。故选D。
22.B 细节理解题。根据Requirements for completion部分第二点“18 weekly one-hour pair meetings”可知,为了完成该项目,学生们被要求参加两人小组会议。故选B。
23.A 细节理解题。根据Sign up部分第一点“Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.”可知,学生们在报名时需要表明他们感兴趣的语言。故选A。
4.[2022·新高考全国I卷D]
【文章大意】 本文是一篇科学研究报告。人类语言包含2000多种不同的发音,为什么某些发音比其他发音更常见呢?一项历时五年的突破性研究表明,与饮食相关的人类咬合变化导致了新的发音产生。
32.D 推理判断题。根据关键词Damin Blasi定位到文章第二段最后一句“Now a team of researchers led by Damin Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.”。这句话指出,由瑞士苏黎世大学的达米安·布拉西领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为何出现的。由此可知,他的团队主要关注人类发音的发展过程。
33.C 推理判断题。根据关键词ancient human adults定位到文章第三段。该段第一句说他们发现,古代成人的上下门牙是对齐的,因此很难发出唇齿音,因为唇齿音是由下唇接触上牙形成的。根据第二句“Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.”可知后来,人类的下巴变成了覆咬合结构,使发出这样的声音变得更容易。由此可知,古代人的下巴结构不利于发出唇齿音,故选C。
34.A 段落大意题。结合第五段可知,对语言数据库的分析还证实,新石器时代之后,世界语言的发音发生了全球变化,“f”和“v”的使用在过去几千年中显著增加。这些发音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到。由此可知,本段讲了关于研究结果的支持性证据。故选A项。
35.C 推理判断题。根据关键词Steven Moran定位到最后一段。Steven Moran认为:自人类出现以来,我们使用的语言并不是一直保持稳定的,但我们今天发现的各种语言是生物变化和文化进化等事件的复杂的相互作用的产物。由此可知,这是一个复杂的、发展变化的系统。故选C项。
二、语法填空
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者在柏林动物园帮助照顾熊猫的饲养员提高英语水平,以便应对大量的国际游客和经常前来看这些熊猫的中国饲养员以及国际记者。
56.arrival 考查名词。句意:自2017年6月以来,就在两只新熊猫梦梦和娇庆到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更加自在和自信地说英语。本空作介词before的宾语,根据空前冠词the可知,本空应用名词形式。
57.confident 考查形容词。根据and可知,本空和空前的形容词comfortable并列,故应用形容词形式。
58.with/to 考查介词。句意:他们和谁说英语?speak English with/to sb意为“和/对某人说英语”,故本空应用介词with/to。
59.the 考查冠词。句意:不是熊猫,尽管医学训练说明中使用的语言实际上是英语。空后名词language为可数名词,根据后面used for the medical training instructions可知,此处language表示特指,故本空应用定冠词the。
60.visiting 考查非谓语动词。句意:他们要与大量的国际游客和经常前来看这些熊猫的中国动物园饲养员交谈,这些熊猫是从中国暂借的。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词词组Chinese zookeepers,被修饰的名词词组和动词visit之间为主动关系,故本空应用现在分词作定语。
61.interviews 考查名词复数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。interview为可数名词,本空前没有冠词,故应用名词复数形式。
62.why 考查表语从句。句意:这就是他们需要一名英语教练的原因。本空引导表语从句,根据句意可知,本空在从句中作原因状语,故应用连接副词why。
63.Basically 考查副词。句意:基本上是关于如何描述熊猫的生活。本空置于句首,用逗号和句子隔开,在句中作状语,应用副词形式。
64.and 考查连词。句意:能够见证熊猫计划的发展并看到熊猫们适应新家,这是一份荣耀。根据句意可知,空前to watch the panda programme develop和空后to see the pandas settle into their new home为并列关系,故本空应用并列连词and。
65.wished 考查时态。句意:小时候,我希望长大后成为一名动物园饲养员。根据“As a little girl…”可知,本空应用一般过去时。
2.[2023·山东省实验中学高三二模]
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了奥运会官方语言的背景知识。
1.an 考查冠词。设空处修饰名词event,表泛指,应用冠词,设空后important以元音音素开头,故填an。
2.to win 考查非谓语动词。try one’s best to do意为“尽某人最大努力去做”,故填to win。
3.founded 考查时态。设空处为谓语,根据时间状语in 1894可知应用一般过去时,故填founded。
4.priority 考查名词。设空处和official status (地位) 并列作宾语,应用名词,故填priority。
5.translated 考查非谓语动词。their documents和translate之间是被动关系,短语have sth done意为“让某事被做”, 所以用过去分词作宾补,故填translated。
6.who 考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词those,指人,关系代词在从句中作主语,故填who。
7.participating 考查非谓语动词。动词consider后加动名词作宾语,故填participating。
8.Actually 考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子作状语,应用副词形式,句首单词首字母大写,故填Actually。
9.it 考查代词。设空处为形式宾语,代替后面的that从句,故填it。
10.influential 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词status,应用形容词作定语,故填influential。
三、完形填空
1.[2023·山东省潍坊市高三三模]
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为疾病而开始隐藏自己,疏远朋友,而朋友们通过快递花朵,通过花的语言让作者重新振作起来的故事。
1.A 根据“My body was troubled with illness…”和后文“I didn’t…thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in.”可知,作者受到疾病困扰,而且认为自己没有什么可以提供给别人的,所以把自己隐藏起来了。故选A。hide藏; give给; drive驾驶; break损坏。
2.D 作者把自己隐藏起来,所以朋友们打电话、发短信、发邮件、寄贺卡,她都没有回应。故选D。forbid禁止; accept接受; act行动; respond回应。
3.B 朋友们打电话、发短信、发邮件、寄贺卡,她都没有回应,作者不想被打扰,所以是不情愿地站起来,打开了门取花。故选B。cautiously谨慎地;unwillingly 不情愿地; instantly立刻; cheerfully兴高采烈地。
4.C 根据后文“They were comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties that shouldn’t really…yet somehow did.”可知,这些花是由许多品种的花朵组成的,所以作者是被它的独特性打动了。故选C。size大小; style风格; uniqueness独特性; shape形状。
5.A 根据前文“They were comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties…”可知,这些花是由许多品种的花朵组成的,它们本来不应该在一起。故选A。go together一起; stand out突出; mix up混淆; fade away逐渐消失。
6.D 根据后文“He told me some of my friends were behind…”可知,作者是在和花店店主对话,所以是给花店店主打电话。故选D。inform通知; thank谢谢; reward奖励; telephone给某人打电话。
7.A 根据前文“I…got up and opened the door to a flower delivery.”可知,这是一次送花快递。故选A。delivery递送; program程序; mystery神秘的事物; scene场景。
8.B 根据后文through the language of flowers可知,通过花的语言来传递信息。故选B。companion同伴; message信息; commitment承诺; gift礼物。
9.C 根据后文“The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts ache for you’. The yellow tulip(郁金香)…”可知,朋友挑选的都是特定的花。故选C。expensive昂贵的; rare稀有的; specific特定的; fresh新鲜的。
10.A 根据后文“The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts ache for you’. The yellow tulip(郁金香)…”可知,是花店的人在向作者解释花语。故选A。explain解释; clarify阐明; define定义; analyse分析。
11.D 根据前文“The yellow tulip (郁金香)…”并结合选项可知,黄色的郁金香表达的是希望在作者的微笑中再次看到阳光。故选D。pain痛苦; fortune运气; sympathy同情; sunshine阳光。
12.D 根据后文“…never forgetting me.”可知,粉红色康乃馨的意味深长的花语是“不要忘记我”。故选D。modest谦虚的; tolerant宽容的; formal正式的; meaningful意味深长的。
13.B 根据前文through the language of flowers可知,花有语言,所以此处指花在说什么。故选B。involve包含; say说; smell闻; sign签字。
14.D 根据后文“My friends knew I was still that woman…”并结合前文朋友送的花可知,此处是指朋友们认为作者应该得到那些花。故选D。advocate拥护; confirm证明; require要求; earn应得,赢得。
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Unit 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD同步话题真题检测
一、阅读理解
1. [2023·山东省济宁市高三三模]
Keeping a language alive can strengthen people’s sense of identity and most importantly lead to the preservation of a whole culture. This is probably why a group of Cherokee music artists decided to create a music album (唱片) exclusively in the Cherokee language, a highly endangered Native American language. Currently, there are fewer than 2,000 fluent speakers of the language remaining in the world, and the number is declining every year.
The album, tilted DOAP OAV and pronounced “Ah” “Nuh” “Duh” “Nah” “Lees” “Gi”, means “Performers” in English. It is comprised of a range of contemporary styles, including Pop, Reggae, Country, Heavy Metal, Hip Hop, and Folk. With a planned release date of Labour Day weekend, the record company is using the platform of the National Cherokee Holiday to give this album as much exposure as possible.
Jeremy Charles, a key figure in getting this album off the ground, has said that the “music will shine a spotlight on Cherokee artists and speakers, and increase exposure to our culture and language worldwide”. He aims for the album to be an inspiration to the next generation of Cherokee language learners. Featuring 12 Cherokee artists ranging from ages 14 to 50, you can see how this album is going to do a lot for the promotion of Cherokee music and can inspire people of any age to make music that connects with their heritage.
The youngest contributor on the album, Lillian Charles, is only in 8th grade but had a major contribution to the Goth-pop song Circus—a song she wrote at the age of 12. It originally written in English, she worked with translators Bobbie Smith and Kathy Sierra to be able to fully express herself in Cherokee.
Projects like the DOAP OAV album bring a modern approach to revitalizing language and culture and encourage a younger audience to get involved and start learning the Cherokee language. On average, a native language is lost forever every two weeks, and these people want to make sure that the Cherokee language isn’t one of them.
( )1.What can we learn about the album from Paragraph 2?
A.It has various musical styles.
B.It is titled “Performers” in English.
C.It sings high praises of Labour Day.
D.It was exposed to the public by chance.
( )2.What’s Jeremy Charles’ expectation of the album?
A.It will make a huge profit for the record company.
B.It can help the 12 artists rise to fame overnight.
C.It will satisfy the fans’ demand for pop music.
D.It can fuel the youth’s interest in Cherokee language.
( )3.Which can best replace the underlined word “revitalizing” in the last paragraph?
A.Translating. B.Reviewing.
C.Restoring. D.Creating.
( )4.What’s the best title of the text?
A.Alarming! The Cherokee language is dying
B.Amazing! An 8th grader is releasing an album
C.Bringing music to life with modern technology
D.Preserving a language through the power of music
2. [2023·陕西省联盟学校第三次大联考B]
The world’s language system is at a crossroads and a new linguistic order is about to appear. That is the conclusion of a recent study authored by David Graddol, a linguistic researcher.
In the mid-twentieth century, nine percent of the world’s population was estimated to have spoken English as a first language. By 2050, the number is expected to be just five percent. English is still ranked as the language with the third largest number of native speakers, but Arabic and Hindi are expected to catch up by around 2050. Instead of one language acting as a “world language”, it seems likely that no one language will dominate in the near future. Linguists expect that English will continue to be important, but Mandarin Chinese will probably be the next must-learn language, especially in Asia.
However, just as the relative number of native speakers of English is decreasing, a separate study shows that English is expanding its dominance in the world of science. The dominance of one language in the area of science allows for greater international collaboration and research, making it possible to publish scientific articles to broader audiences. More than 90 percent of journal literature in some scientific fields is already published in English. “More and more scientists who are non-native speakers of English will need to become multilingual,” Graddol says. The predominance (优势) of English in science will result in new generations of speakers of other languages who acquire English to exchange ideas and discoveries with scientists in other countries.
In addition, multilingual employees will gain an edge in international businesses. As China plays an increasingly prominent global role, employers in parts of Asia are already looking beyond English to Mandarin Chinese as the most important language to facilitate the global exchange of goods and services. Linguists anticipate that in the future, most people will speak more than one language. Furthermore, it’s likely that speakers will switch between languages for routine tasks. Monolingual speakers may have a difficult time participating fully in a multilingual society. Some monolingual speakers, especially native English speakers, according to Graddol, “have been too proud about the lack of need to learn other languages”.
( )5.What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A.English is the most important language to grasp.
B.Arabic and Hindi will be the must-learn languages.
C.More languages will be powerful in the near future.
D.Mandarin Chinese will be more important than English.
( )6.Why is the authority of English useful in science?
A.To achieve global cooperation.
B.To popularize English.
C.To simplify the publishing process.
D.To attract audiences.
( )7.Who are most suitable as employees in business?
A.Monolingual speakers.
B.Native English speakers.
C.Multilingual speakers.
D.Mandarin Chinese speakers.
( )8.Which is the suitable title for the passage?
A.Will Mandarin be the next must-learn language?
B.What the future of language will be?
C.Will English vanish in the future?
D.Who is badly needed in future business?
3.[2024·北京卷A]
The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each.
Requirements for completion:
·One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term
·18 weekly one-hour pair meetings
·Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings
·At least three pair-teacher meetings
·One five-minute final video
Sign up!
The sign-up and registration process is as follows:
·Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.
·Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified.
·Proficiency (熟练) levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests.
·Once a pair has been determined to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme.
Reminders:
Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme.
( )21.In the programme, students will .
A.chair daily meetings
B.evaluate the exchange
C.meet teachers each week
D.practise their language skills
( )22.To complete the programme, students are required to .
A.develop placement tests
B.participate in pair meetings
C.welcome new students
D.work on weekly videos
( )23.What do students need to do during the registration?
A.Indicate their languages of interest.
B.Select their own coursework.
C.Make individual contact.
D.Choose their partners.
4.[2022·新高考全国I卷D]
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damin Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
( )32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damin Blasi’s research focus on?
A.Its variety.
B.Its distribution.
C.Its quantity.
D.Its development.
( )33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B.They could not open and close their lips easily.
C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
( )34. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A.Supporting evidence for the research results.
B.Potential application of the research findings.
C.A further explanation of the research methods.
D.A reasonable doubt about the research process.
( )35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A.It is key to effective communication.
B.It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C.It is a complex and dynamic system.
D.It drives the evolution of human beings.
二、语法填空
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the 56. (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 57. (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 58. ?
Not the pandas, even though 59. language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 60. (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 61. (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 62. they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning? 63. (basic), how to describe a pandas life. Its been an honour to watch the panda programme develop 64. to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl,I 65. (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, Im living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
2.[2023·山东省实验中学高三二模]
The Olympics are a series of international athletic competitions held in different countries. They’re 1. important multi-sport event that takes place every four years. For the Olympics, participants from all over the world train for years and try their best 2. (win).
Pierre Coubertin, a French man, 3. (found) the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894. He was once a teacher and historian. In his honour, French had the official status (地位) and 4. (prior) over other languages at the Olympics. According to the Olympic Charter, English and French are the official languages of the Olympics. Therefore, every participant needs to have their documents 5. (translate) in both languages. Besides, real-time interpretations in Arabic, German, Russian, and Spanish must be available for all sessions.
The IOC has a complete guide for those 6. want to apply for these contests. French has the status of being the first official language for Olympic events and it was the language of diplomacy (外交) in the beginning. But later, more countries considered 7. (participate) in this contest. The IOC then made French and English the official languages of the Olympics.
8. (actual), more than 100 countries in the world speak English now. Besides, almost every country has made 9. a must that children learn English in schools and colleges. This 10. (influence) status has caused the IOC to make English one of the official languages.
三、完形填空
1.[2023·山东省潍坊市高三三模]
The language of flowers
Ding dong! I looked up from the couch. Who in the world could that be? My body was troubled with illness, so I’d 1 myself away. Friends telephoned, texted, e-mailed and sent cards. I didn’t 2 , thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in.
I 3 got up and opened the door to a flower delivery. As I put the flowers on my dining table, I was struck by their 4 . They were comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties that shouldn’t really 5 yet somehow did. The mystery flowers had come in a blue jar, without a card.
Instead of returning to the couch, I 6 the florist. He told me some of my friends were behind the 7 , secretly. “They wanted to get a 8 to you,” he said, “through the language of flowers.”
The group had followed him and picked very 9 stems after consulting an old book. “I learned some things,” the florist said, and then 10 : “The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts ache for you’. The yellow tulip (郁金香) wanted to see 11 in my smile again. The pink carnation had a few 12 words to say about never forgetting me.”
The more I understood what the flowers were 13 , the more I started to remember the woman who might have 14 them before I separated myself from everyone and everything. My friends knew I was still that woman, with 15 beyond my health.
( )1.A.hidden B.given C.driven D.broken
( )2.A.forbid B.accept C.act D.respond
( )3.A.cautiously B.unwillingly C.instantly D.cheerfully
( )4.A.size B.style C.uniqueness D.shape
( )5.A.go together B.stand out C.mix up D.fade away
( )6.A.informed B.thanked C.rewarded D.telephoned
( )7.A.delivery B.program C.mystery D.scene
( )8.A.companion B.message C.commitment D.gift
( )9.A.expensive B.rare C.specific D.fresh
( )10.A.explained B.clarified C.defined D.analysed
( )11.A.pain B.fortune C.sympathy D.sunshine
( )12.A.modest B.tolerant C.formal D.meaningful
( )13.A.involving B.saying C.smelling D.signing
( )14.A.advocated B.confirmed C.required D.earned ( )15.A.ambition B.value C.curiosity D.fantasy
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