Unit 4 Space Exploration 知识清单-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

该高中英语Unit4 Space Exploration知识清单系统整合了核心词汇、词性变换、短语搭配、重点句型、语法聚焦、写作应用及文化背景等内容，为学生搭建了从基础词汇积累到语法规则运用再到跨文化理解的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类关联构建知识体系，核心词汇按“宇宙天体-探索工具-科学活动”三维分类，词性变换呈现“动词-名词-形容词”词形变化链，重点句型按“成就描述-目标表达-风险讨论”功能模块设计，文化背景补充中外航天里程碑事件。这种设计既强化语言能力（如语法聚焦现在完成时被动语态），又渗透文化意识（如CNSA等机构及杨利伟等人物介绍），帮助学生系统掌握知识，教师可直接用于课堂教学或学生自主复习，提升学习效率。

Unit4 Space Exploration 知识清单 一、核心词汇 space 太空，宇宙 universe 宇宙 cosmos 宇宙 galaxy 星系 Milky Way 银河系 solar system 太阳系 star 恒星 planet 行星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 moon 卫星；月球 satellite 卫星 asteroid 小行星 comet 彗星 meteor 流星 astronaut 宇航员（美） cosmonaut 宇航员（俄） taikonaut 中国宇航员 spacecraft 航天器 spaceship 宇宙飞船 rocket 火箭 space shuttle 航天飞机 space station 空间站 probe 探测器 rover 巡视器，火星车 mission 任务 agency 机构 NASA (美国)国家航空航天局 ESA 欧洲航天局 CNSA 中国国家航天局 explore 探索 exploration 探索 launch 发射 orbit 轨道；绕轨道运行 land 着陆 landing 着陆 take off 起飞 dock 对接 float 漂浮 weightlessness 失重 gravity 重力 atmosphere 大气层 vacuum 真空 telescope 望远镜 space telescope 太空望远镜 research 研究 discover 发现 discovery 发现 observe 观察 observation 观察 experiment 实验 sample 样本 data 数据 evidence 证据 signal 信号 life 生命 extraterrestrial 地球外的 alien 外星人；外国的 habitat 栖息地 environment 环境 danger 危险 risk 风险 accident 事故 failure 失败 crash 坠毁 explode 爆炸 radiation 辐射 isolated 孤立的 challenge 挑战 difficulty 困难 survive 幸存 survival 生存 colonize 殖民，在...建立殖民地 colony 殖民地 settlement 定居点 base 基地 resource 资源 mining 采矿 tourism 旅游业 commercial 商业的 future 未来 possibility 可能性 potential 潜力 二、词性变换 explore v. → exploration n. → explorer n. observe v. → observation n. → observer n. discover v. → discovery n. → discoverer n. invent v. → invention n. → inventor n. research v./n. → researcher n. orbit v./n. → orbital adj. launch v./n. → launcher n. fail v. → failure n. succeed v. → success n. → successful adj. space n. → spatial adj. planet n. → planetary adj. star n. → stellar adj. science n. → scientific adj. technology n. → technological adj. history n. → historical adj. danger n. → dangerous adj. mystery n. → mysterious adj. importance n. → important adj. weigh v. → weight n. → weightless adj. gravitate v. → gravity n. → gravitational adj. atmosphere n. → atmospheric adj. radiate v. → radiation n. → radioactive adj. colony n. → colonize v. → colonial adj. commerce n. → commercial adj. → commercialize v. possible adj. → possibility n. → possibly adv. 三、重点短语与固定搭配 launch into space 发射进入太空 send into orbit 送入轨道 carry out a mission 执行任务 conduct research 进行研究 perform experiments 进行实验 collect samples 收集样本 gather data 收集数据 make observations 进行观测 travel through space 穿越太空 return to Earth 返回地球 in space 在太空中 in orbit 在轨道上 on the surface of 在...表面 in zero gravity 在零重力下 under microgravity conditions 在微重力条件下 far from Earth 远离地球 in the distance 在远处 at a speed of 以...的速度 at an altitude of 在...的高度 search for life 寻找生命 look for signs of 寻找...的迹象 study the universe 研究宇宙 explore new worlds 探索新世界 understand the origins of 理解...的起源 advance scientific knowledge 增进科学知识 push the boundaries of 突破...的边界 expand human presence 扩展人类存在 face challenges 面对挑战 overcome difficulties 克服困难 deal with risks 处理风险 survive in harsh conditions 在恶劣条件下生存 adapt to 适应 protect from radiation 防止辐射 ensure safety 确保安全 prevent accidents 防止事故 make a breakthrough 取得突破 achieve success 取得成功 make history 创造历史 inspire future generations 激励后代 benefit humanity 造福人类 lead to new discoveries 导致新的发现 have a significant impact on 对...有重大影响 open up possibilities 开辟可能性 四、重点句型 1. 描述太空探索成就 Human beings have successfully landed on the Moon. 人类已成功登陆月球。 Space probes have been sent to explore distant planets. 太空探测器已被发射去探索遥远的行星。 The International Space Station has been orbiting Earth for over 20 years. 国际空间站已绕地球运行超过20年。 Significant progress has been made in space technology. 太空技术已取得重大进展。 2. 表达目标与目的 The purpose of this mission is to search for signs of water on Mars. 这次任务的目的是在火星上寻找水的迹象。 One of the main goals of space exploration is to understand the origins of the universe. 太空探索的主要目标之一是理解宇宙的起源。 Scientists hope to discover whether life exists beyond Earth. 科学家希望发现地球之外是否存在生命。 By exploring space, we aim to expand our knowledge of the cosmos. 通过探索太空，我们旨在扩展对宇宙的认识。 3. 讨论挑战与风险 Space exploration involves many risks and challenges. 太空探索涉及许多风险和挑战。 Astronauts must be prepared to face unexpected dangers. 宇航员必须准备好面对意外危险。 One of the biggest challenges is protecting astronauts from radiation. 最大的挑战之一是保护宇航员免受辐射。 Despite the difficulties, scientists continue to push forward. 尽管有困难，科学家们继续向前推进。 4. 表达可能性与推测 It is possible that we may find evidence of past life on Mars. 我们可能在火星上找到过去生命的证据。 There is a chance that habitable planets exist in other solar systems. 其他星系中可能存在宜居行星。 Some scientists believe that humans could colonize Mars in the future. 一些科学家认为人类未来可能殖民火星。 If conditions are right, life might exist on some of Jupiter’s moons. 如果条件合适，生命可能存在于木星的某些卫星上。 5. 强调重要性 Space exploration is important for advancing scientific knowledge. 太空探索对推进科学知识很重要。 It is essential that we continue to explore the universe. 我们继续探索宇宙是至关重要的。 The study of space has led to many practical benefits for life on Earth. 太空研究为地球上的生活带来了许多实际好处。 Without space exploration, we would not have technologies like GPS and satellite communications. 没有太空探索，我们就不会有GPS和卫星通信这样的技术。 五、语法聚焦 1. 现在完成时被动语态 结构：have/has + been + 过去分词 表示已经完成的动作，强调结果或对现在的影响 例句： Many satellites have been launched into orbit. The surface of Mars has been explored by several rovers. Significant discoveries have been made through space telescopes. 2. 情态动词被动语态 结构：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 表示可能性、必要性、能力等 例句： More research must be done before humans can live on Mars. Space travel could be made safer with new technology. The risks should be carefully considered before each mission. 3. 主语从句 It形式主语：It is believed that there may be billions of planets in our galaxy. What引导：What we learn from space exploration can benefit life on Earth. That引导：That humans have walked on the Moon is an amazing achievement. 4. 非谓语动词作状语 现在分词：Using telescopes, astronomers can observe distant galaxies. 过去分词：Inspired by the success of the mission, more funding was allocated. 不定式：To understand the universe better, we need to explore space. 六、写作应用 描述趋势：show a steady increase, reach a peak, experience fluctuations 比较数据：account for X%, rank first, be followed by 得出结论：from the data we can see, this indicates that, it is clear that 七、文化背景补充 重要里程碑事件 1. 1957: Sputnik 1 First artificial satellite (USSR) 2. 1961: Yuri Gagarin First human in space (USSR) 3. 1969: Apollo 11 First Moon landing (USA) 4. 1971: Salyut 1 First space station (USSR) 5. 1998: International Space Station Began assembly 6. 2003: Yang Liwei First Chinese astronaut in space 7. 2012: Curiosity Rover Landed on Mars (USA) 8. 2020: Chang’e 5 Chinese lunar sample return mission 著名宇航员 Neil Armstrong (USA) First person to walk on the Moon Valentina Tereshkova (USSR) First woman in space Yang Liwei (China) First Chinese astronaut Chris Hadfield (Canada) Known for social media from ISS 主要航天机构 NASA (USA) National Aeronautics and Space Administration Roscosmos (Russia) Russian State Space Corporation ESA (Europe) European Space Agency CNSA (China) China National Space Administration ISRO (India) Indian Space Research Organisation 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $