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编写说明:2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、《甘肃省对口升学英语复习指导》以及历年真题编写。本资料紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态,聚焦高频考点,精讲精练,共覆盖包括各类语法、词汇和题型的12个专题,助力考生高效复习。同时,为构建完整学习体系,每个专题均配套对应讲义和AB卷习题,满足多样化学习需求。
本专题是2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第3个专题,内容为从句综合运用(整合定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)。
2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》
专题3 从句综合运用 (讲义)
整合定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句
真题分析
考点
目标要求
考题统计及展示
考情分析
定语从句引导词辨析
掌握 that/which/who/whom/whose/where/when/why 等引导词的用法差异,能根据先行词和从句成分选择正确引导词
(2024・甘肃中职・单选 12)This is the book ______ I borrowed from the library yesterday.(that/which/who/where)(2023・甘肃中职・单选 11)The girl ______ mother is a doctor won the first prize.(who/whose/which/whom)(2022・甘肃中职・单选 13)We visited the city ______ our grandparents lived many years ago.(where/when/that/which)
从句是甘肃中职升学考试英语语法的核心考点之一,三种从句中,定语从句考查频率最高(侧重引导词选择),名词性从句聚焦宾语从句连接词,状语从句以时间、条件、让步类引导词及时态搭配为常考点,强调从句与主句的逻辑关系和语法一致性。
名词性从句连接词运用
掌握主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句的基本结构,能准确选择 that/if/whether/ 疑问词等连接词
(2024・甘肃中职・单选 14)I don’t know ______ he will come to the party or not.(if/whether/that/what)(2023・甘肃中职・单选 15)______ he passed the exam made his parents very happy.(That/What/If/Whether)(2022・甘肃中职・单选 16)The problem is ______ we can finish the work on time.(that/if/what/when)
状语从句引导词及时态搭配
掌握时间、条件、原因、让步等常见状语从句的引导词,理解主从句时态呼应规则(如主将从现)
(2024・甘肃中职・单选 13)He will call you ______ he arrives in Beijing.(as soon as/if/because/though)(2023・甘肃中职・单选 12)______ it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(If/Though/Because/When)(2022・甘肃中职・单选 14)She kept working ______ she was very tired.(though/because/if/when)
一、定语从句(核心用法)
1. 核心引导词及用法辨析(高频考点):
引导词
先行词类型
从句中成分
用法示例
that
人 / 物
主语 / 宾语
①The boy that helped me is my classmate.(先行词是人,作主语)②This is the pen that I lost yesterday.(先行词是物,作宾语,可省略)
which
物
主语 / 宾语
①The book which is on the desk is mine.(作主语,不可省略)②I bought a bike which cost 800 yuan.(作宾语,可省略)
who
人
主语
①The teacher who teaches us English is very kind.(作主语,不可省略)②Those who want to join the club please sign up.
whom
人
宾语
①The girl whom you met at the party is my sister.(作宾语,可省略,口语中常用 who 代替)②He is the man whom we are looking for.
whose
人 / 物
定语(“…… 的”)
①This is the student whose father is a teacher.(先行词人,表 “学生的”)②I visited a village whose name I forgot.(先行词物,表 “村庄的”)
where
地点(place/city/village 等)
地点状语
①We went to the park where we played last Sunday.(=in which)②This is the school where I studied 10 years ago.
when
时间(day/year/hour 等)
时间状语
①I remember the day when we first met.(=on which)②He left on the morning when the rain stopped.
why
原因(reason)
原因状语
①The reason why he was late is clear.(=for which,可省略 why)②Do you know the reason why she refused the invitation?
二、易混引导词深度辨析(高频考点突破)
1. that vs which(均指代物,作主语 / 宾语)
核心区别:
只用 that 的情况(高频考点):
① 先行词含最高级 / 序数词(如 the best, the first);
② 先行词为 all, everything, nothing 等不定代词;
③ 先行词既有人又有物;
④ 主句以 who/which 开头时,避免重复。
只用 which 的情况:
① 引导非限制性定语从句(先行词后有逗号);
② 介词后作宾语(如 in which, about which)。
辨析例句:
① This is the best film that I have ever seen.(考点:先行词含最高级,只用 that)
② All that we need is more time.(考点:先行词为不定代词,只用 that)
③ The writer and his works that you mentioned are very famous.(考点:先行词既有人又有物,只用 that)
④ The book, which I bought last week, is very interesting.(考点:非限制性定语从句,只用 which)
⑤ This is the factory in which my father works.(考点:介词后作宾语,只用 which)
2. who vs whom(均指代人)
核心区别:
who:作主语(不可省略),口语中可代替 whom 作宾语;
whom:仅作宾语(可省略),正式语境或介词后必须用 whom。
辨析例句:
① Who is the girl who is talking with our teacher?(考点:who 作主语,不可省略)
② The man (whom) you spoke to just now is our headmaster.(考点:whom 作宾语,可省略)
③ To whom did you give the letter?(考点:介词后作宾语,必须用 whom)
3. where/when/why vs 介词 + which(状语类引导词)
核心关联:
where = 介词(in/at/on 等)+ which;
when = 介词(in/on/at 等)+ which;
why = for + which(仅指代 reason)。
转换例句:
① This is the hotel where we stayed last night. = This is the hotel in which we stayed last night.(考点:where 与 in which 转换,表地点)
② I still remember the year when we graduated. = I still remember the year in which we graduated.(考点:when 与 in which 转换,表时间)
③ The reason why she cried is unknown. = The reason for which she cried is unknown.(考点:why 与 for which 转换,表原因)
三、特殊用法拓展与例句(高频场景覆盖)
1. whose 的灵活用法(指代人 / 物,作定语)
拓展点: 先行词为事物时,whose 可与 “the + 名词 + of which” 转换。
拓展例句:
① The tree whose leaves turn red in autumn is a maple. = The tree the leaves of which turn red in autumn is a maple.(考点:whose 指代物,与 of which 转换)
② Do you know the boy whose mother is a doctor in this hospital?(考点:whose 指代人,表 “男孩的”)
2. that 的省略情况(高频易错点)
规则: that 指代人 / 物,在从句中作宾语时可省略;作主语时不可省略。
对比例句:
① The pen (that) I lent you yesterday is my favorite.(that 作宾语,可省略)
② The student that won the first prize is very hard-working.(that 作主语,不可省略)
3. 先行词为时间 / 地点,但不用 when/where 的情况(难点突破)
核心: 若先行词在从句中作主语 / 宾语,用 that/which;作状语才用 when/where。
对比例句:
① I will never forget the day that we spent together.(the day 在从句中作 spent 的宾语,用 that)
② I will never forget the day when we met for the first time.(the day 在从句中作时间状语,用 when)
③ This is the shop that sells cheap books.(the shop 在从句中作主语,用 that)
④ This is the shop where I bought the cheap book.(the shop 在从句中作地点状语,用 where)
speak:①后接 “语言”(+ 语种,如 speak English/Japanese);②“发言、演讲”(+in + 场合,如 speak in class/at the meeting)
例:She speaks three languages and will speak at the conference tomorrow.
say:①后接 “具体内容”(直接引语 /that 从句,如 say “Hello”/say that he is busy);②“表达观点”(say sth. about sth.)
例:He said nothing about the accident and just said that he was fine.
talk:①“双向交谈”(+to/with sb.,如 talk to my mom/with friends);②“谈论某事”(+about sth.,如 talk about the new movie)
例:They talked with the teacher about their study problems for an hour.
tell:①“告诉某人某事”(双宾语结构:tell sb. sth. /tell sth. to sb.,如 tell me a story);②“分辨、判断”(tell A from B,如 tell right from wrong)
例:My grandma often tells me stories and teaches me to tell true friends from false ones.
动词 + 介词(如 look for, wait for, listen to):宾语(无论名词 / 代词)都放介词后:wait for him(不可说 wait him for)
动词 + 副词(如 look up, put off, take off):①名词宾语可放中间或后面:put the book off /put off the book;②代词宾语必须放中间:put it off(不可说 put off it)
四、 限定性 vs 非限定性定语从句(易错点)
类型
结构特征
用法区别
示例
限定性
无逗号分隔,与先行词紧密相连
不可省略,省略后句意不完整
She has a sister who is a doctor.(她有一个当医生的姐姐 / 妹妹,强调 “当医生的” 这个限定)
非限定性
有逗号分隔,补充说明先行词
可省略,省略后句意仍完整;不可用 that 引导
She has a sister, who is a doctor.(她有一个姐姐 / 妹妹,(她)是医生,补充说明姐姐 / 妹妹的职业)
五、 高频易错点
介词 + 关系代词(which/whom):介词选择由先行词搭配或从句谓语动词搭配决定
例:①This is the house in which I lived.(live in the house)②The man with whom she talked is my brother.(talk with the man)
先行词为不定代词(something/anything/nothing/all 等)时,只能用 that 引导
例:①Everything that he said is true.(不可用 which)②All that glitters is not gold.
先行词既有人又有物时,用 that 引导
例:We talked about the people and places that we visited in Beijing.
名词性从句(核心用法)
1. 四大类名词性从句及连接词
从句类型
功能(在句中作)
常用连接词
示例
主语从句
主语
that(无含义)、if/whether(是否)、what/who/which(什么 / 谁 / 哪个)、when/where/why/how(何时 / 何地 / 为何 / 如何)
①That he will come is certain.(that 无含义,不可省略)②Whether we can succeed depends on our efforts.(if 不可用于句首作主语从句连接词)③What he said surprised everyone.(what 在从句中作宾语)
宾语从句
宾语(动词 / 介词后)
that(可省略)、if/whether(是否)、疑问词
①I think(that)she is right.(that 可省略)②She asked if/whether I had seen the film.(if/whether 可互换)③He doesn’t know where he can find the key.(疑问词引导,从句用陈述语序)
表语从句
表语(be 动词后)
that(不可省略)、if/whether(是否,常用 whether)、疑问词
①My hope is that we can travel together.(that 不可省略)②The question is whether we have enough time.(if 不可用于表语从句)③This is how he solved the problem.
同位语从句
同位语(解释说明名词,如 news/idea/fact 等)
that(不可省略)、whether、疑问词
①I heard the news that our team won.(解释 news 的内容,that 不可省略)②He has no idea whether he should accept the invitation.
2. 核心规则及易错点
语序:所有名词性从句都用陈述语序(连接词 + 主语 + 谓语)
错:Do you know where is he? / What did he say?
对:Do you know where he is? / What he said is important.
if vs whether 区别(高频考点)
①whether 可与 or not 连用,if 不可:I don’t know whether he will come or not.(不可用 if)
②whether 可用于句首主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,if 不可:Whether he comes is unknown.(不可用 if)
③介词后用 whether,不用 if:It depends on whether we have money.
that 的省略:宾语从句中可省略,主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中不可省略
例:①She said(that)she would come.(省略可)②That he missed the train is a fact.(不可省略)
三、状语从句(核心用法)
1. 常见类型及引导词(高频考点)
从句类型
功能
常用引导词
核心用法及示例
时间状语从句
表动作发生的时间
when(当…… 时)、while(当…… 时,后接延续性动词)、as soon as(一…… 就……)、since(自从…… 以来)、until(直到……)
①I was reading when the phone rang.(when 后接短暂性动词)②While she was cooking, I was cleaning.(while 后接延续性动词,主从句均为进行时)③As soon as he arrives, call me.(主将从现)④I have lived here since I was born.(since 引导,主句用现在完成时)
条件状语从句
表动作发生的条件
if(如果)、unless(除非 = if not)、as long as(只要)
①If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.(主将从现:主句将来时,从句一般现在时)②Unless you work hard, you won’t pass the exam.(=If you don’t work hard...)③As long as you try your best, you will succeed.
原因状语从句
表动作发生的原因
because(因为,语气最强)、since(既然,表已知原因)、as(由于,语气较弱)
①He stayed at home because he was ill.(直接原因)②Since you are tired, you can go to bed early.(已知原因)③As it was late, we hurried home.
让步状语从句
表转折让步关系
though/although(虽然,不可与 but 连用)、even if/though(即使)、no matter what(无论什么)
①Though he is young, he knows a lot.(不可说 Though...but...)②Even if it snows, we will go to school.(假设让步)③No matter what you do, I will support you.(=Whatever you do...)
结果状语从句
表动作产生的结果
so...that...(如此…… 以至于……)、such...that...(如此…… 以至于……)
①He is so tall that he can reach the shelf.(so + 形容词 / 副词)②It is such a beautiful flower that everyone likes it.(such+a/an + 形容词 + 名词单数)③They are such interesting books that we want to read them again.(such + 形容词 + 名词复数)
目的状语从句
表动作的目的
so that(为了,后接情态动词)、in order that(为了,可置于句首)
①She studies hard so that she can pass the exam.(so that 后接目的)②In order that we can catch the bus, we left early.
2. 高频易错点
主将从现:时间、条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来
错:If he will come, I will prepare dinner. / As soon as he will arrive, we will start.
对:If he comes, I will prepare dinner. / As soon as he arrives, we will start.
though/although 与 but 不可连用:though 引导让步状语从句,主句不可用 but(可接 yet/still)
错:Though he is poor, but he is happy.
对:Though he is poor, yet he is happy.
so...that 与 such...that 的结构区别:so 后接 “形 / 副”,such 后接 “名短语”
错:It is so a cold day that we stay at home. / He is such tall that he can touch the ceiling.
对:It is such a cold day that we stay at home. / He is so tall that he can touch the ceiling.
10 分钟小测
1.This is the museum ______ we visited last month.( )
A. where B. that C. what D. who
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句引导词。先行词 the museum 为物,从句中 visited 后缺宾语,用 that/which 引导(可省略)。where 在从句中作地点状语,what 不可引导定语从句,who 先行词是人。故选 B。
2.I don’t know ______ he will attend the meeting tomorrow.( )
A. if B. that C. what D. where
【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意:我不知道他明天是否会参加会议。if 表 “是否”,符合语境;that 无含义,what “什么”、where “哪里” 均不符合句意。故选 A。
3.She will call you ______ she gets to Shanghai.( )
A. though B. because C. as soon as D. since
【答案】C
【解析】考查时间状语从句引导词。句意:她一到上海就会给你打电话。as soon as“一…… 就……”,符合逻辑;though “虽然”、because “因为”、since “自从” 均不符合语境。故选 C。
4.The reason ______ he was absent from class is that he was ill.( )
A. why B. which C. who D. where
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句引导词。先行词为 the reason,从句中缺原因状语,用 why 引导(=for which)。故选 A。
5.______ she is young, she has a lot of working experience.( )
A. Because B. If C. Though D. When
【答案】C
【解析】考查让步状语从句引导词。句意:虽然她年纪小,但有很多工作经验。though “虽然”,表让步;because “因为”、if “如果”、when“当…… 时” 均不符合逻辑。故选 C。
6.It’s important ______ we should learn English well.( )
A. that B. if C. what D. how
【答案】A
【解析】考查主语从句连接词。It 为形式主语,真正主语是后面的从句,从句含义完整,用 that 引导(不可省略)。故选 A。
7.I like the city ______ the people are very friendly.( )
A. which B. where C. who D. whose
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句引导词。先行词 the city 为地点,从句中 are 后缺地点状语,用 where 引导(=in which)。故选 B。
8.If it ______ tomorrow, we won’t go camping.( )
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. rained
【答案】B
【解析】考查条件状语从句时态。if 引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来,主语 it 为单数,谓语用 rains。故选 B。
9.He told me ______ he had seen the film before.( )
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。从句含义完整,无疑问语气,用 that 引导(可省略)。if/whether “是否”、what “什么” 均不符合句意。故选 C。
10.She studies hard ______ she can get good grades in the exam.( )
A. so that B. because C. though D. if
【答案】A
【解析】考查目的状语从句引导词。句意:她努力学习是为了能在考试中取得好成绩。so that “为了”,表目的;because “因为”、though “虽然”、if “如果” 均不符合语境。故选 A。
经典试题解析
1.(24 甘肃中职・单选)— Do you know the girl ______ is talking with our teacher?
— Yes, she is my cousin.( )
A. which B. who C. whose D. where
【答案】B
【知识点分析】考查定语从句引导词。先行词 the girl 为人,从句中 is talking 前缺主语,用 who 引导。
【易错分析】考生易混淆 which(先行词为物)和 who(先行词为人),错选 A 项;或误将 whose(作定语)用于主语成分,错选 C 项。
【命题创新点】结合日常对话场景考查引导词选择,强调先行词与人称的匹配。
【解题关键】先判断先行词(the girl,人),再分析从句成分(缺主语),锁定 who。
2.(23 甘肃中职・单选)I wonder ______ we can finish the project before Friday.( )
A. that B. if C. what D. where
【答案】B
【知识点分析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意 “我想知道我们是否能在周五前完成项目”,if 表 “是否”,符合疑问语气。
【易错分析】考生易误选 that(无含义,用于陈述句语气),忽略 wonder 表达的疑问语境;或错选 what/where(需在从句中作成分,此处从句成分完整)。
【命题创新点】通过 wonder 等疑问类动词考查连接词的语气匹配,贴近语境应用。
【解题关键】根据 wonder 的疑问含义,结合从句成分完整,选择表 “是否” 的 if。
3.(22 甘肃中职・单选)______ he didn’t study hard, he failed the exam.( )
A. Because B. Though C. If D. When
【答案】A
【知识点分析】考查原因状语从句引导词。“没努力学习” 是 “考试失败” 的直接原因,用 because 引导。
【易错分析】考生易混淆 though(让步)和 because(原因),错选 B 项;或误将 if(条件)用于原因逻辑,错选 C 项。
【命题创新点】结合因果逻辑关系考查引导词,强调语境语义的匹配。
【解题关键】分析主从句逻辑关系(因果),锁定 because。
4.(24 模拟预测)This is the factory ______ my father worked 20 years ago.( )
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【答案】C
【知识点分析】考查定语从句引导词。先行词 the factory 为地点,从句中 worked 后缺地点状语,用 where 引导(=in which)。
【易错分析】考生易误将 that/which 用于地点状语成分,忽略从句中缺状语而非主语 / 宾语,错选 A 或 B 项。
【命题创新点】通过 “地点名词 + 不及物动词” 结构考查状语类引导词,强化成分分析能力。
【解题关键】先看从句谓语动词(worked,不及物动词,后无宾语),确定缺地点状语,选择 where。
5.(23 模拟预测)______ you don’t give up, you will succeed sooner or later.( )
A. If B. Though C. Because D. When
【答案】A
【知识点分析】考查条件状语从句引导词。“不放弃” 是 “成功” 的条件,用 if 引导,符合主将从现规则。
【易错分析】考生易混淆 when(时间)和 if(条件),错选 D 项;或误将 though(让步)用于条件逻辑,错选 B 项。
【命题创新点】结合励志类语境考查条件从句,强调逻辑关系与时态搭配。
【解题关键】分析主从句逻辑(条件),结合主句将来时(will succeed),锁定 if。
6.(22 模拟预测)The news ______ our team won the game made everyone excited.( )
A. that B. what C. if D. where
【答案】A
【知识点分析】考查同位语从句连接词。先行词 the news,从句解释其内容,含义完整,用 that 引导(不可省略)。
【易错分析】考生易误将 what 用于同位语从句(what 不可引导同位语从句),错选 B 项;或混淆 if(是否)的用法场景,错选 C 项。
【命题创新点】通过 news 类抽象名词考查同位语从句,强化从句类型判断能力。
【解题关键】识别从句是解释 news 的内容(同位语从句),且从句成分完整,选择 that。
7.(24 甘肃中职・单选)He asked me ______ I had been to Beijing before.( )
A. that B. if C. what D. how
【答案】B
【知识点分析】考查宾语从句连接词。asked 表达疑问语气,从句意为 “我以前是否去过北京”,if 表 “是否”。
【易错分析】考生易误选 that(用于陈述句语气),忽略 asked 的疑问语境;或错选 what/how(需在从句中作成分,此处从句成分完整)。
【命题创新点】结合动词语气(ask)考查连接词,强调语境与连接词的匹配。
【解题关键】根据 asked 的疑问含义,结合从句成分完整,选择 if。
8.(23 甘肃中职・单选)We will wait for you ______ you come back.( )
A. until B. because C. though D. if
【答案】A
【知识点分析】考查时间状语从句引导词。句意 “我们会等你直到你回来”,until“直到……”,符合逻辑。
【易错分析】考生易混淆 if(条件)和 until(时间),错选 D 项;或误将 because(原因)用于时间逻辑,错选 B 项。
【命题创新点】结合等待场景考查时间从句,强调动作的持续性。
【解题关键】分析主从句动作关系(等待持续到回来),锁定 until。
9.(22 模拟预测)It’s so difficult a problem ______ no one can solve it.( )
A. that B. which C. what D. where
【答案】A
【知识点分析】考查结果状语从句引导词。so + 形容词 + a + 名词 + that... 为固定结构,表 “如此…… 以至于……”。
【易错分析】考生易混淆 such...that 和 so...that 的结构,错选 B 项;或误将 what 用于结果从句,错选 C 项。
【命题创新点】通过 so...that 固定结构考查结果从句,强化固定搭配记忆。
【解题关键】识别 so+adj.+a+n. 的结构,锁定 that。
10.(24 模拟预测)______ she was ill, she still went to school.( )
A. Because B. Though C. If D. When
【答案】B
【知识点分析】考查让步状语从句引导词。“生病” 与 “上学” 为转折让步关系,though “虽然”,符合逻辑(不可与 but 连用)。
【易错分析】考生易混淆 because(原因)和 though(让步),错选 A 项;或误将 if(条件)用于让步逻辑,错选 C 项。
【命题创新点】结合转折类日常场景考查让步从句,强调逻辑关系判断。
【解题关键】分析主从句转折关系,锁定 though。
专题归纳小结
一、定语从句
1.核心要点:先确定先行词(人 / 物 / 地点 / 时间 / 原因),再分析从句成分(缺主语 / 宾语 / 定语 / 状语),最后匹配引导词。
2.记忆方法:制作 “先行词 + 从句成分 + 引导词” 三维对照表,结合例句记忆(如 “人作主语→who,物作宾语→that/which”)。
3.解题三步法:
① 找先行词(明确修饰对象);
② 析从句成分(缺什么成分);
③ 选引导词(根据先行词和成分匹配)。
二、名词性从句
1.核心要点:先判断从句类型(主 / 宾 / 表 / 同位语),再确认从句语序(陈述语序),最后选择连接词(根据含义和成分)。
2.记忆方法:分类记忆连接词(无含义→that;表是否→whether/if;表疑问→疑问词),重点标注 if/whether 的用法差异。
3.解题三步法:
① 定从句类型(看在句中功能);
② 查从句语序(是否为陈述语序);
③ 选连接词(根据含义和成分完整度)。
三、状语从句
1.核心要点:先判断主从句逻辑关系(时间 / 条件 / 原因 / 让步等),再匹配引导词,最后注意时态搭配(如主将从现)。
2.记忆方法:按逻辑关系分类记忆引导词(如 “条件→if/unless;让步→though/even if”),强化固定句型(so...that/such...that)。
3.解题三步法:
① 析逻辑关系(主从句是什么关系);
② 选引导词(根据逻辑关系匹配);
③ 验时态搭配(如条件 / 时间从句的主将从现)。
四、专题复习要求
1.规则强化:制作 “从句引导词清单”(分三类从句整理高频引导词及用法),贴于书桌,每天花 10 分钟背诵。
2.真题训练:整理近 5 年甘肃中职升学考试从句类题目(单选、完形、改错),每天完成 15 道专项题,重点标注错题原因(如引导词混淆、语序错误、时态搭配错误)。
3.语境应用:结合日常场景(如学校、家庭、出行)造句,每类从句至少造 5 个句子,强化从句与语境的匹配能力。
4.错题复盘:建立错题本,每周复盘 1 次,总结高频易错点(如 that/which 区别、if/whether 用法、主将从现),避免重复犯错。
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