2025-2026学年八年级英语下册Unit 1寒假预习指导及过关测试（鲁教版五四学制）

Unit1 When was he born? 单元基础知识清单 一、词汇过关 （一）根据要求写出单词的相应形式 1. hunger (n. ) hungry (adj. ) 饥饿的 2. spirit (n.) spiritual (adj) 精神的；心灵的 3. paint (v./n. ) painting (n) 油画 4. nation(n. ) national (adj. )国家的; 民族的 5. perform(v. ) performance (n. )表演； performer (n)表演者；演员 6. love(v. ) loving (adj. )爱的; 充满爱的; lovely (adj) 可爱的； lover (n. )爱好者; 热爱者 7. listen(v. ) listener (n. )听者 8. icy (adj) ice (n) 冰 9. skate (v) skating（n）滑冰 10. kind (adj) kindness (n) 善良 11. live (adj) lively (adj) 生气勃勃的; (adj) alive 活着的 12. chemistry (n) chemist (n) 化学家；药剂师 13. physics (n) physicist (n) 物理学家； physical (adj) 物理的，身体上的 14. agriculture (n) agricultural (adj) 农业的；农用的 15. medicine （n) medical (adj) 医疗的，药学的 （二）翻译短语 1. 出生；出世　be born 2. 遇到麻烦　get into trouble 3. 辍学　drop out of school 4. 呼吁；号召；要求　call on 5. 破裂；解散　break up 6. 想方设法（做某事）try every means (to do ) 7. 在某人晚年　in one's later years 8. （愿望，希望等）实现　come true 9. 以……命名　be named after 10. 表演京剧　perform Beijing Opera 11. 农学家；农业科学家　agricultural scientist 12. 在某人的帮助下　with one's help 13. 减少饥饿　reduce hunger 14. 太……而不能……　too...to... 15. 在……岁时　at the age of 16. 不是……而是……　not...but... 17. a magazine called New Youth　一本名为《新青年》的杂志 18. a large number of　大量的；许多的 19. one of the greatest modern writers　最伟大的现代作家之一 20. keep on doing sth　持续做某事；坚持做某事 21. touch one’s heart　触动某人的心灵 22. change one’s mind　改变某人的主意 二、经典句型必背 1.农业科学家袁隆平培育出了一种新型水稻，以助力缓解饥饿问题。 Yuan Longping, an agricultural scientist, developed a new kind of rice to help reduce hunger. 2.航天员王亚平是中国首位在太空工作并开展太空直播授课的女性。 Wang Yaping, an astronaut, is China's first woman to work in space and to teach a live class from space. 3.那是谁？—Who’s that?  那是钱学森。他是一名航天科学家。—That’s Qian Xuesen. He is a space scientist. 4. 她出生于何时？—When was she born?  她出生于1980年。—She was born in 1980. 5. 大卫·布莱恩在冰盒里站了多久？—How long did David Blaine stand in a box of ice? 他在冰盒里站了2天15小时42分钟。 —He stood in a box of ice for 2 days,15 hours and 42 minutes. 7. 他什么时候开始站在冰盒里的？—When did he start standing in the box? 他在5月22日开始站进去的。—He started standing on May 22nd. 8.你学会骑自行车时多大年纪？—How old were you when you learned to ride a bike?  我那时候10岁。—I was 10 years old. 9.你永远不会因为年纪太小而不能开始做一些事。 You're never too young to start doing things. 10 .认识到在中国最大的问题不是身体上的疾病而是精神上的疾病。 He realized that the biggest problem in China is not people’s physical illness but their spiritual illness. 11. 1918年，在他的朋友的帮助下，鲁迅加入了《新青年》阵营的战斗行列。 In 1918, with his friends’ help, Lu Xun joined a magazine called New Youth. 12.除了《狂人日记》， 鲁迅还写了其他什么文学作品? What are other literary works written by Lu Xun besides A Madman’s Diary? 13 他用他的笔呼吁他的同胞站起来，想法设法让中国变得更加强大。 With his pen, he called on his people to stand up and try every means to make China stronger. 14.如今，他的梦想实现了。 Now his dream has come true. 三、语法知识过关：一般过去时 (一) 用法与标志词 1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。通常与yesterday, last year, in 1976, a few months ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。 如，I met him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇到他了。 2. 表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。通常与often, usually, seldom等表示频率 的副词连用, 但这种用法是以一个过去时间为前提的。 He often went to school by bus last term. 上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。 (二)谓语动词的构成形式： 主语+动词的过去式+---。过去式的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化（见不规则变化表）。 规则变化主要是加ed,具体变化如下： 1) 一般情况加ed， 如，stay - stayed 2）词尾有e的加d，如，like – liked 3）重度闭音节词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母（辅-元-辅），先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed. 如， stop - stopped 4）以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-ed. 如， study - studied (三)句式特点 变疑问句，否定句时，当谓语是行为动词时，要用助动词did，可以总结为如下公式： 一般疑问句：Did + 主语+动词原形+---？ 如，--- Did they live in Beijing last year? ---Yes, they did. No, they didn’t. 否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+---. They didn’t go to bed until 10:00 yesterday night. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1、一般过去时构成误解为was/were +动词 ❌ She was eat breakfast at 7:00 yesterday. → ✅ She ate breakfast at 7:00 yesterday. 2.当谓语动词为行为动词时，变疑问句和否定句误解为用was/were。 ❌ She wasn’t ate breakfast at 7:00 yesterday. → ✅ She didn’t eat breakfast at 7:00 yesterday. 3.当谓语动词为行为动词时，变疑问句和否定用了助动词did, 动词过去式要变为动词原形。 ❌ She didn't ate breakfast at 7:00 yesterday. → ✅ She didn't eat breakfast at 7:00 yesterday. 【即时检测】 1. He ____________ (be) here half an hour ago. 2. We often ____________ (play) games last term. 3. She ____________ (give) me a book a moment ago. 4. The girl ____________ (get) up very early yesterday morning. 5. He ____________ (not watch) TV yesterday evening. 四、单元话题写作： 本单元谈论名人，常见话题作文为最敬佩的人或我心中的英雄。 （一）高分作文要求： 1. 书写一定要漂亮！（衡水体） 2. 分三段或四段。 3. 内容：①立意要高、正能量、家国情怀、要励志！ ②4 - 5个高级词汇，3 - 4个高级句型或复合句。 ③1 - 2句名人名言或谚语。 ④没有语法或拼写错误。 ⑤字数在90 - 100之间。 （二）写作结构 1. 开头（注意：要写那些为中国崛起、发展、强大做出巨大贡献的国家领导人、民族英雄、科学家） ①Everyone has a person worthy of admiration（值得崇拜）. Such as the selfless teachers, the famous musicians and so on, but the person I admire most is Yuan Longping (袁隆平). ②A person I admire most is Tu Youyou (屠呦呦) who is the famous scientist to have won the first of Nobel prizes for medicine. ③I admire lots of people, there are respected scientists, minds （杰出人才） and heroes. Among them, the person whom I admire most is Zhou Enlai(周恩来). 2. 第二段 ①这位名人的成就，获得的称号，奖项等荣誉（众所周知的） ②他（她）为什么值得你敬佩？可加一句名言“榜样的力量是无穷的。The power of role models is infinite.” ③概括他（她）是如何克服困难，历经艰难取得成就的。 ④他（她）身上的哪种珍贵的品质给了你怎样的启发和感受。 3. 扣题+升华 ①xxx是我最敬佩的人。我要成为像他（她）那样对国家、民族甚至世界有贡献的人 ②xxx是我最敬佩的人。他（她）就像灯塔，指引你成长的方向！ ③xxx是我最敬佩的人。我会尽自己的全力为国家和社会做贡献！ 范文一 我最敬佩的人是屠呦呦，她是中国第一位获得诺贝尔医学奖的著名女科学家。——The person I admire most is Tu Youyou, the first well-known woman scientist in China to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine. 她出生在一个不富裕的家庭，但艰苦的条件并没有阻碍她读书学习。在做科学研究遇到难题时，她从来没有放弃。经过不懈的努力，她终于取得了巨大的成功。她是我学习的好榜样。每当我遇到困难，她那种直面困难、战胜困难的精神就会鼓舞我，让我变得越来越优秀。——She was born in a poor family, but the hard conditions didn’t stop her from studying. She never gave up in the face of difficulties in her scientific research. Through hard work, she finally had great success. She is a good example for me to follow. Whenever I meet difficulties, her spirit of facing and beating them always encourages me and makes me better and better. 屠呦呦是我最敬佩的人。我热切地希望成为像她一样的人，为国家、民族乃至全世界做出贡献。——Tu Youyou is the person I admire most. I really hope to be someone like her, who helps our country, our nation and even the whole world. 范文二 My hero Yuan Longping is a hero in my heart. He was born in 1930 and died at the age of 91. Mr.Yuan spent nearly 60 years doing research on better rice in order to make people in the world have enough food. And he was successful! He was honored as Father of Hybrid Rice. I think Mr.Yuan was a great man. He was so selfless and hard-working that I respect him very much. I will never forget him. As a student, I’ll study harder than before so that I can master more knowledge and skills. When I grow up. I’ll work hard for our country like him. 他出生于1930年，91岁去世。袁先生花了近60年的时间研究更好的大米，以便世界上的人们有足够的食物。他成功了！他被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。我认为袁先生是一位伟人。他是如此无私和勤奋，我非常尊敬他。我永远不会忘记他。 作为一名学生，我会比以前更努力地学习，以便掌握更多的知识和技能。等我长大了，我会像他一样为我们的国家努力工作。）   学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit1 When was he born? 单元基础知识过关测试 一、根据要求写出单词的相应形式(15空，15分） 1. hunger (n. )________(adj. ) 饥饿的 2. spirit (n.) _________ (adj) 精神的心灵的 3. physics (n) __________(n) 物理学家 4.nation(n. )________(adj. )国家的; 民族的 5. perform(v. ) ___________(n. )表演； _______________(n)表演者；演员 6. love(v. )______(adj. )爱的; 充满爱的; ________(adj) 可爱的； _____(n. )爱好者; 热爱者 7. listen(v. )_______(n. )听者 8. agriculture (n) ___________ (adj) 农业的；农用的 9. skate (v) _________（n）滑冰 10 kind (adj) _______________ (n) 善良 11.live (adj) _________ (adj) 生气勃勃的 12.chemistry (n) ____________(n) 化学家；药剂师 二、翻译短语 （10小题，10分） 1. 出生; 出世　_______ 2. 遇到麻烦 ____________ 3. 辍学 ________________ 4. 呼吁；号召；要求 _______ 5. 破裂; 解散 ________ 6.想法设法（做某事）___________ 7.太---而不能----- _____________ 8. （愿望，希望等）实现 _____________ 9. 以---命名 ______________ 10. 在某人的帮助下 _____________ 三、根据汉语提示，完成句子（10个空，10分） 1.农业科学家袁隆平培育出了一种新型水稻，以助力缓解饥饿问题。 Yuan Longping, an agricultural scientist, developed a new kind of rice to help______ _____ 2. 大卫·布莱恩在冰盒里站了多久？How long _______ David Blaine ______in a box of ice? 3 .认识到在中国最大的问题不是身体上的疾病而是精神上的疾病。 He realized that the biggest problem in China is ______________people’s physical illness _________their spiritual illness. 4. 1918年，在他的朋友的帮助下，鲁迅加入了《新青年》阵营的战斗行列。 In 1918, _________his friend’s help, Lu Xun joined a magazine __________ New Youth. 5.除了《狂人日记》， 鲁迅还写了其他什么文学作品? What are other literary works _____________ by Lu Xun _____________A Madman’s Diary? 四、用所给的单词的适当形式填空 (25个空，25分）。 1. （2025年北京中考单选改编）Mary ________（draw) a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening. 2. （2025年北京中考单选改编）—Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn’t. We ________(water) vegetables in our school garden. 3.（2025年江苏常州中考单选改编）Suzy ________ (tidy) her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn’t go shopping. 4.（2025年广东综合填空节选）Jasmine (茉莉), with its sweet smell and white flowers, is loved worldwide. It ___ ___ (come) to China a long time ago and became part of Chinese culture. 5.（2025年江苏南通词汇运用节选）JongMay and her parents celebrated the Spring Festival with Chinese families for the first time when she ________ (be) six years old. （2025年江苏无锡动词应用 6-13小题) 6. Simon and I ________ (work) on a history project now. 7. We both agreed ________ (write) about the changes in Taihu New City. 8. Mr. Chen ________ (live) there for over 50 years, so we went to interview him. 9. He ________ (drink) tea with a few old friends in a park when we arrived. 10. Here is the information we got from him. The city ________ (have) a short history. 11. It’s clean and beautiful now, but in the past there ________ (be) a lot of pollution. 12. The government decided to take action ________ (solve) this problem. 13. The environment is much better now, and it ________ (get) even better in the future. 14.(江苏徐州选词填空改编） A car stopped beside me. The driver put the window down and ________ （offer)me an umbrella. 15.(江苏徐州阅读填空节选）In the past, it ____ ___ (take) a long time to download a video, 16.（2025山东菏泽综合填空改编） Birds ________（stop） flying to listen, and even the wind went silent. 17.（2025年山东济南阅读填空节选）And at that time, even women and children ________ (enjoy) playing Cuju, 18.（2025年山东济宁阅读填空节选）In 2022, a research center ________ (come) up with the world’s first biodegradable (可生物降解的) schoolbag. 19.His aunt was a basketball player and she played for her _____(nation) team. 20. Tom is good at physics and he want to be a _________(physics), but his parents want to be a _________(chemistry) 21.It is important to be a good __________(listen). 22.Mr Wang is a _________(love) grandfather. He spends all his free time with his grandson. 23.As a __________ (love) of country music , he has done lots of research about it. 24.The most interesting thing is to enjoy tea art __________（perform). 五、阅读天空 （回归课本 15题，15分） Lu Xun Lu Xun, one of the greatest modern 1.________(writer) in China, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province in 1881, and died in 1936. The name Lu Xun is a pen name. In 1902, Lu Xun 2._______(travel) to Japan to study, and later, in 1904, he became a medical student 3._______ he wanted to improve Chinese people's health and save their lives. However, he changed his mind because he realized that the 4.________(big) problem in China was not people's physical illness but their 5.________(spirit) illness. He then dropped out of the 6.________(medicine) school in 1906, and returned to China in 1909. In 1918, 7._______ his friends' help, Lu Xun joined a magazine 8._______(call) New Youth. He published his 9.________(one) famous short story, A Madman's Diary, in 1918. 10_______that, Lu Xun 11._______(write) a large number of literary works.With his pen, he called on the Chinese people to stand up and try every means 12.________(make) to make China stronger. Now his dream has come true. As Lu Xun is 13.______leading figure of modern Chinese literature, one of China's top four literature prizes, Lu Xun Literature Prize is named after him. It has encouraged many talented writers 14._________( write ) more inspiring works in China. 15._______(he) works continue to inspire us to this day. 六、写作 （一）情境运用（共5个小题：每小题2分，满分10分） 根据所提供的图片, 用一个完整的句子提问或应答。 1. 2. 3. 1.A:What are they going to do this Sunday? B:_______________________________________________. 2.A ____________________________________________________________? B: He was born in September,1930 3.A: ___________________________________________? B:She started doing it at the age of 4. 4. 5. 4.A:_________________________________ B:He has been a cook for ten years. 5.A:___________________________________________? B: Yes, I have. I have been there twice. （二）作文（15分） 袁隆平(1930 -2021)是中国乃至世界著名的科学家，袁隆平生活简朴，不计名利，始终把自己看作是一个农民。请以“My hero — Yuan Longping” 为题写一篇英语作文，写一篇100词左右英语作文。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit1 When was he born? 单元基础知识过关测试 一、根据要求写出单词的相应形式(15空，15分） 1. hunger (n. ) hungry (adj. ) 饥饿的 2. spirit (n.) spiritual (adj) 精神的；心灵的 3. physics (n) physicist (n) 物理学家； 4. nation(n. ) national (adj. )国家的; 民族的 5. perform(v. ) performance (n. )表演； performer (n)表演者；演员 6. love(v. ) loving (adj. )爱的; 充满爱的; lovely (adj) 可爱的； lover (n. )爱好者; 热爱者 7. listen(v. ) listener (n. )听者 8. agriculture (n) agricultural (adj) 农业的；农用的 9. skate (v) skating（n）滑冰 10. kind (adj) kindness (n) 善良 11. live (adj) lively (adj) 生气勃勃的; 12. chemistry (n) chemist (n) 化学家；药剂师 二、翻译短语 （10小题，10分） 1. 出生; 出世　be born 2. 遇到麻烦 get into trouble 3. 辍学 drop out of school 4. 呼吁；号召；要求 call on 5. 破裂; 解散 break up 6. 想方设法（做某事） try every means (to do sth.) 7. 太---而不能----- too...to... 8. （愿望，希望等）实现 come true 9. 以---命名 name after 10. 在某人的帮助下 with the help of sb. 三、根据汉语提示，完成句子（10个空，10分） 1.农业科学家袁隆平培育出了一种新型水稻，以助力缓解饥饿问题。 Yuan Longping, an agricultural scientist, developed a new kind of rice to help reduce hunger 2. 大卫·布莱恩在冰盒里站了多久？How long did David Blaine stand in a box of ice? 3 .认识到在中国最大的问题不是身体上的疾病而是精神上的疾病。 He realized that the biggest problem in China is not people’s physical illness but their spiritual illness. 4. 1918年，在他的朋友的帮助下，鲁迅加入了《新青年》阵营的战斗行列。 In 1918, with his friend’s help, Lu Xun joined a magazine called New Youth. 5.除了《狂人日记》， 鲁迅还写了其他什么文学作品? What are other literary works written by Lu Xun besides A Madman’s Diary? 四、用所给的单词的适当形式填空 (25个空，25分）。 1. was drawing 2. watered 3. was tidying 4. came 5. was 6. are working 7. to write 8. has lived 9. was drinking 10. has 11. was 12. to solve 13. will get 14. offered 15. took 16. stopped 17. enjoyed 18. came 19. national 20. physicist; chemist 21. listener 22. loving 23. lover 24. performances 五、阅读天空 （回归课本 15题，15分） 1. writers 2. travelled/traveled 3. because 4. biggest 5. spiritual 6. medical 7. with 8. called 9. first 10. After 11. wrote 12. to make 13. a 14. to write 15. His 六、写作 （一）情境运用（共5个小题：每小题2分，满分10分） 根据所提供的图片, 用一个完整的句子提问或应答。 参考答案 1. They are going to museum/ They are going to visit museum. 2.When was Yuan Longping born? 3.When did the girl/ she start playing the piano? 4.How long has he been a cook? 5.Have you ever been to France/ Paris? （二）作文（15分） 参考范文 Yuan Longping is a hero in my heart. He was born in 1930 and died at the age of 91. Mr.Yuan spent nearly 60 years doing research on better rice in order to make people in the world have enough food. And he was successful! He was honored as Father of Hybrid Rice. I think Mr.Yuan was a great man. He was so selfless and hard-working that I respect him very much. I will never forget him. As a student, I’ll study harder than before so that I can master more knowledge and skills. When I grow up. I’ll work hard for our country like him. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $