内容正文:
Unit 1 We are friends
专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练
高频易错点03 祈使句的用法
高频易错点01 there be的用法
高频易错点02 情态动词can的用法
高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨
易错精讲
there be用法 高频易错点01
there be结构表示在某地存在某物(某人)或者某时发生某事。
一、there be 结构的肯定句形式
1. There is + 可数名词单数/不可数名词 + 地点/时间状语。如:
There is a pen in the pencil case. 笔袋里有一支钢笔。
There is some orange juice in the glass. 玻璃杯里有一些橘子汁。
2. There are + 可数名词复数 + 地点/时间状语。如:
There are a lot of books in the bookcase. 书架上有许多书。
3. there be句型中be动词的确定
在there be 结构中,be动词在人称和数上要与后面的主语保持一致。
(1)主语是可数名词单数或者不可数名词时,be动词用is。
(2)主语是可数名词复数时,be动词用are。
(3)如句子中有几个并列的主语,be动词的形式要由最靠近be动词的那个名词决定,简称“就近原则”。
二、there be 结构的否定句形式
1. be动词后面加not,表示“没有”。some改为any,其余不变。如:
There is not a bird in the tree. 树上没有一只鸟。
There are not any vegetables in the basket. 篮子里没有蔬菜。
注意:is not = isn't, are not = aren't
2. be动词的后面加上no,表示“没有”。如:
There is no bird in the tree. 树上没有鸟。
There is no juice in it. 它里面没有果汁。
There are no vegetables in the basket. 篮子里没有蔬菜。
注意:否定句的两种表达方式可以互换。如:
There aren't any books on the desk. 书桌上没有书。
易错点提示
1. there be句型 与 have的区分
there be句型:强调在某个地点或时间“存在”某人或某物,不强调所属关系。
There was a pen on the desk.(桌子上有一支钢笔。),重点说明桌子上存在一支钢笔这个事实。
have:表示“拥有”,强调所属关系,即某人或某物归某人所有,主语通常是“人或物”。
I have a new book.(我有一本新书。),表明新书是“我”所拥有的。
2.there be句型的“就近原则”
There be 句型遵循“就近一致”原则,即当 There be 后出现多个名词时,be 动词需和距离它最近
的名词在单复数上保持一致 。
There was a book and two pens on the desk just now.(“a book” 是单数,be 动词用 was )
There were two pens and a book on the desk just now.(“two pens” 是复数,be 动词用 were )
小练笔
单项选择。
( )1.There ______ any trees or flowers on the hill.
A.are B.aren't C.isn't
( )2.There _______ an orange and some pears on the table.
A.am B.is C.are
( )3.There ______ a desk and two chairs.
A.have B.are C.is
( )4.My aunt ____ a garden and ____ many flowers in it.
A.has; has B.has; there are C.has; there is
( )5.There ______ some soup in the bowl.
A.is B.are C.have
点拨
选择题答案及解析
1. B 解析:any表否定,trees是复数,用aren't。
2. B 解析:就近原则,an orange是单数,用is。
3. C 解析:就近原则,a desk是单数,用is。
4. B 解析:my aunt(三单)用has;many flowers(复数)用there are。
5. A 解析:soup不可数,用is。
情态动词can的用法高频易错点02
1. 肯定句
结构:主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他
She can speak English.(她会说英语。)
2. 否定句
结构:主语 + can + not(缩写为can't) + 动词原形 + 其他
He can't swim.(他不会游泳。)
3. 一般疑问句
结构:Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
答语:肯定回答(Yes, 主语 + can.);否定回答(No, 主语 + can't.)
—Can you play chess?(你会下棋吗?)
—Yes, I can.(是的,我会。)/ No, I can't.(不,我不会。)
4. 特殊疑问句
结构:特殊疑问词(What/Who/Where等) + can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
What can they do?(他们能做什么?)
Where can we go?(我们可以去哪里?)
易错点提示
can 是情态动词,意为“可能,会,能”,没有人称和数的变化,can 后面接“动词原形”。
My brother can play basketball well.
我弟弟篮球打的很好。
小练笔
单项选择。
( )1. —______ you swim? —Yes, I can.
A. Do B. Can C. Are
( )2. My sister ______ sing English songs. She sings very well.
A. can B. is C. does
( )3. —Can Tom fly a kite? —No, he ______.
A. can B. can't C. isn't
( )4. We ______ play football on the playground after school.
A. can B. are C. do
( )5. —What ______ your brother do? —He can draw pictures.
A. do B. can C. is
点拨
1. 答案:B 解析:答语用“can”,问句需用“Can”提问能力,Do/Are不符合答语逻辑。
2. 答案:A 解析:表“会唱英文歌”的能力,用情态动词“can”,is/does不能表能力。
3. 答案:B 解析:“Can”开头的否定回答固定用“can't”,can表肯定、isn't搭配错误。
4. 答案:A 解析:表“可以踢足球”的许可/能力,用“can”,are/do不能表此含义。
5. 答案:B 解析:答语用“can”,问句需用“can”提问“会做什么”,do/is不符合答语逻辑。
祈使句的用法高频易错点03
一、祈使句概念
1. 用于表达命令、请求、建议、劝告或禁止等的句子
2. 主语“You”通常被省略,一般以动词原形开头
3. 可在句首或句末加上Please表示礼貌
4. 句末用感叹号或者问号,用降调来读
二、祈使句类型
肯定祈使句
(1)Do型:动词原形开头 ,eg:Come on, please.
(2)Be型:Be+形容词 ,eg: Be quiet.
(3)Let型:Let+宾语+动词原形 ,eg: Let me help you.
否定祈使句
(1)Do型和Be型:在句首加Don't或never ,eg:Don't be careless.
(2)Let型:Let+宾语+not+动原 或Don't+let+宾语+动原 ,
eg:Let's not say anything.
Don't let us go, please.
易错点提示
祈使句的应答方式
肯定回答:OK./Sure./All right.
Please close the window. → OK.
否定回答:Sorry, I can't.(需说明原因)
Let's go swimming today. → Sorry, I have to study.
小练笔
单项选择。
( ) 1. ______ the window, please. It's hot outside.
A. Open B. Opens C. Opening
( ) 2. Don't ______ in the library. It's quiet here.
A. talk B. talks C. talking
( ) 3. Let's ______ football after school.
A. play B. plays C. playing
( ) 4. ______ be late for class!
A. Not B. Don't C. Isn't
( ) 5. Please ______ your books on the desk.
A. put B. puts C. putting
点拨
1.答案:A 解析:祈使句以动词原形开头,“Opens”是三单形式、“Opening”是现在分词,
均不符合祈使句结构。
2. 答案:A
解析:否定祈使句“Don't”后接动词原形,“talks”是三单、“talking”是现在分词,均错误。
3. 答案:A
解析:“Let's”后必须接动词原形,“plays”“playing”不符合搭配规则。
4. 答案:B
解析:否定祈使句的正确结构是“Don't + 动词原形”,“Not”“Isn't”不能单独引导否定祈使句。
5. 答案:A
解析:“Please”后的祈使句用动词原形,“puts”是三单、“putting”是现在分词,均不符合要求。
综合训练
一、用there be的正确形式填空
1. ______ a pen and two pencils in the pencil-case.
2. ______ any milk in the glass?
3. ______ some books on the desk.
4. ______ a dog under the tree.
5. ______ not any apples in the basket.
二、单项选择。
( ) 1. There ______ a book and three pens on the desk.
A. is B. are C. have
( ) 2. —______ you play the piano? —Yes, I can.
A. Do B. Can C. Are
( ) 3.______ the door, please. It's cold.
A. Close B. Closes C. Closing
( ) 4. There ______ any water in the bottle.
A. is B. isn't C. aren't
( ) 5. —Can she jump? —______.
A. Yes, she is B. No, she can C. No, she can't
( ) 6. Don't ______ in the river. It's dangerous.
A. swim B. swims C. swimming
( ) 7. There ______ some apples in the basket.
A. is B. are C. has
( ) 8. —What ______ your father do? —He can drive.
A. do B. can C. does
( ) 9. Let's ______ basketball after class.
A. play B. plays C. playing
( ) 10. ______ be late for school!
A. Not B. Don't C. Isn't
三、句型转换。
1. There is a cat under the chair.(改为一般疑问句)
______ ______ a cat under the chair?
2. She can draw pictures.(改为否定句)
She ______ ______ pictures.
3. Open the window.(改为否定祈使句)
______ ______ the window.
4. There are some flowers in the garden.(改为否定句)
There ______ ______ flowers in the garden.
5. We can play football.(改为一般疑问句)
______ ______ play football?
6. Let's go to the zoo.(改为否定句)
Let's ______ ______ to the zoo.
四、改错题。
1. There are a ruler on the desk.
_______________________
2.Can you swims?
_______________________
3.Let's playing games together.
_______________________
4.There is some oranges in the box.
_______________________
5.Don't talking loudly in the cinema.
_______________________
五、选择合适的选项补全对话
A: Look! 1. ______ a cat over there.
B: Wow! 2. ______ it climb the tree?
A: Yes, it can. 3. ______ go and have a look!
B: OK. 4. ______ touch it, please. It may be afraid.
A: All right. 5. ______ any food in your bag?
B: No, there isn't.
( ) 1. A. There is B. There are C. Is there
( ) 2. A. Do B. Can C. Are
( ) 3.A. Let B. Let's C. Lets
( ) 4. A. Not B. Don't C. Isn't
( ) 5.A. Is there B. There is C. Are there
参考答案
一、用there be的正确形式填空
1. There is
解析:there be句型遵循“就近原则”,靠近be动词的“a pen”(单数)决定be动词用is,句首首字母大写,故填There is。
2. Is there
解析:“any”常用于否定句和疑问句,“milk”是不可数名词,疑问句需将be动词is提前,句首首字母大写,故填Is there。
3. There are
解析:“some books”(复数)作主语,be动词用are,句首首字母大写,故填There are。
4. There is
解析:“a dog”(单数)作主语,be动词用is,句首首字母大写,故填There is。
5. There are
解析:“any apples”(复数)作主语,be动词用are,否定形式直接在are后加not(可缩写为aren't),句首首字母大写,故填There are(或There aren't)。
二、单项选择
1. A
解析:there be句型遵循“就近原则”,靠近be动词的“a book”(单数)决定be动词用is;have表“拥有”,不能与there搭配,are用于复数主语,故选A。
2. B
解析:答语用“can”,问句需用“Can”提问能力;Do用于实义动词的疑问,Are用于主系表结构的疑问,均不符合答语逻辑,故选B。
3. A
解析:此句是肯定祈使句,以动词原形开头;Closes是动词三单形式,Closing是现在分词,均不符合祈使句结构,故选A。
4. B
解析:“any”表否定,“water”是不可数名词,be动词用is,否定形式为isn't;are用于复数主语,故选B。
5. C
解析:“Can”开头的一般疑问句,否定回答固定用“No, 主语+can't”;A选项用is回答can的提问,B选项“can”与“No”矛盾,故选C。
6. A
解析:否定祈使句“Don't”后接动词原形;swims是动词三单形式,swimming是现在分词,均不符合规则,故选A。
7. B
解析:“some apples”(复数)作主语,be动词用are;is用于单数/不可数名词,have不能与there搭配,故选B。
8. B
解析:答语用“can”,问句需用“can”提问“会做什么”;do/does用于实义动词的疑问,均不符合答语逻辑,故选B。
9. A
解析:“Let's”后接动词原形,表“让我们一起做某事”;plays是动词三单形式,playing是现在分词,均不符合搭配规则,故选A。
10. B
解析:否定祈使句的正确结构是“Don't+动词原形”;Not不能单独引导否定祈使句,Isn't用于主系表结构的否定,故选B。
三、句型转换
1. Is there
解析:there be句型变一般疑问句,需将be动词提前,原句be动词是is,故填Is there。
2. can't draw
解析:情态动词can的否定形式是can't,后接动词原形,故填can't draw。
3. Don't open
解析:肯定祈使句变否定形式,在动词原形前加Don't,原句动词是open,故填Don't open。
4. aren't any
解析:there be句型变否定句,be动词are后加not(缩写为aren't),some在否定句中改为any,故填aren't any。
5. Can you
解析:情态动词can的一般疑问句,需将can提前,主语we改为you(疑问句中常将第一人称改为第二人称),故填Can you。
6. not go
解析:“Let's”开头的祈使句变否定形式,在动词原形前加not,故填not go。
四、改错题
1. 改正:There is a ruler on the desk.
解析:“a ruler”(单数)作主语,there be句型的be动词需用is,are用于复数主语,故将are改为is。
2. 改正:Can you swim?
解析:情态动词can后接动词原形,swims是动词三单形式,故将swims改为swim。
3. 改正:Let's play games together.
解析:“Let's”后接动词原形,playing是现在分词,故将playing改为play。
4. 改正:There are some oranges in the box.
解析:“some oranges”(复数)作主语,there be句型的be动词需用are,is用于单数/不可数名词,故将is改为are。
5. 改正:Don't talk loudly in the cinema.
解析:否定祈使句“Don't”后接动词原形,talking是现在分词,故将talking改为talk。
五、选择合适的选项补全对话
1. A
解析:句意为“那边有一只猫”,表“存在”用there be句型,“a cat”(单数)决定be动词用is,且此处是肯定句,故选A。
2. B
解析:答语用“can”,问句需用“Can”提问能力,Do用于实义动词的疑问,Are用于主系表结构的疑问,故选B。
3. B
解析:句意为“让我们去看看吧”,“Let's”(Let us的缩写)后接动词原形,表提议,Let后需接宾语,Lets是错误形式,故选B。
4. B
解析:句意为“请别碰它”,否定祈使句用“Don't+动词原形”,Not不能单独引导,Isn't用于主系表结构的否定,故选B。
5. A
解析:答语用“there isn't”,问句需用“Is there”(there be句型的一般疑问句),“food”是不可数名词,be动词用is,故选A。
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