被动语态知识和练习 安徽省合肥2025-2026学年外研版（2012）九年级英语上册

该初中英语资料系统梳理了被动语态知识体系。从被动语态的含义、构成及用处入手，逐步讲解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时和情态动词的被动语态构成与转换，涵盖主动表被动的特殊情况及双宾语、省to不定式等被动转换技巧。 知识链路按“概念-用法-特殊情况”逻辑递进，前有完形填空情境阅读（父爱助孤独症儿子成长故事）渗透文化意识，后有专项同步练（选择+改写）强化语言能力。通过真实语境输入与分层练习结合，帮助学生构建被动语态应用框架，提升思维品质与语言综合运用效率。

八升九L7课前测 完形填空 A father in Southwest China's Chongqing spent eight years building a real miniature(微型的) train for his autistic(患孤独症的)son. The son, named Hanghang, wasdiagnosed(诊断)with autism at the age of 3. After completing primary school, he was forced to drop out _1__ he couldn't catch up in classes and also had difficulty communicating with other children. As his _2_ have day jobs,Hanghang spent most of his time watching TV with his grandmother. During that time, he developed an interest in miniature_3_.He even drew trains on the walls of his family's yard and slept with toy trains close at hand. Hanghang's father, Li Jiawei,is an engineer.Seeing his son's interest in trains,Li _4_ to build a miniature train for his son. Over eight years, he _5_countless difficulties and finally built a miniature train__6_ . At the same time, Hanghang's condition has_7_ a lot. He was no longer afraid of strangers and became more cheerful and _8__. Thanks to his story, Hanghang got a job at a tourism area near his hometown driving his miniature train, which could _9_20to 30 tourists at a time through the beautiful scenery. Train tickets are__10_ for children with disabilities.“I hope society can be more caring toward children with autism. I hope while my son lives a happy life, he can also bring happiness to others ," Hanghang's father said. 1.A. because B. though C. unless D.so 2.A. brothers B. teachers C.classmates D. parents 3.A.ships B.planes C. trains D. cars 4.A. afforded B. decided C. preferred D.forgot 5.A. put down B.looked for C. came across D. got over 6.A. quickly B. successfully C. strangely D. bravely 7.A. dropped B. reduced C. recorded D. improved 8.A. angry B. lively C.kind D. calm 9.A. carry B. list C. choose D.discover 10. A. expensive B. common C. free D.important 八升九L7---被动语态 I. 被动语态的含义： 英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来，只有含有动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。 e. g: He opened the door. The door was opened by him. II. 被动语态的构成： 被动语态由“be +及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为系动词的变化完全一样。 III. 被动语态的用处： 1)当不知道谁是动作的执行者时，或者没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时 用被动语态。 e. g: My phone was made in China. 2) 强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 e. g: The plan has already been made. 3) 有些动词习惯上常用被动语态。 e. g: He was born in this city. It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 4) 用被动语态时，如需同时指出动作的执行者，可用“介词by +动词执行者(宾 格)”这一结构。 e. g: Midnight was written by Mao Dun. 《子夜》是茅盾写的。 IV. 不同时态的被动语态： 1.一般现在时的被动语态： 1) 构成：由“am/is/are+动词过去分词＋by+动作执行者”构成，无须说明动作执行者时可省去“by+动作执行者”。 2) 主动语态改为被动语态的方法： 主动语态：主语＋动词＋宾语（＋其他） 被动语态：主语＋be+动词过去分词＋by+宾语（＋其他） e. g: Many people speak English. ＝English is spoken by many people. 3) 一般现在时被动语态句型的转换方法： 一般现在时被动语态句型的转换紧紧围绕am/is/are进行，否定句在am/is/are后面加not,一般疑问句将am/is/are提至句首，特殊疑问句由“特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句”构成。 肯定句：The baby is looked after well by his mother. 否定句：The baby isn't looked after well by his mother. 一般疑问句：Is the baby looked after well by his mother? 特殊疑问句：Whom is the baby looked after well by? 2.一般过去时的被动语态： 构成：由“was/were+及物动词的过去分词”构成。was、were的使用由主语的单复数形式而定。 e. g: The book was finished last week. These cakes were made by my mother last night. 3.一般将来时的被动语态： 1)构成：a) will/shall +be+动词过去分词＋其他． e. g: The sports meeting will be put off until tomorrow. b) am/is/are going to+ be+动词过去分词＋其他． e. g: A new school is going to be built in the poor village. 2)其否定句和疑问句形式是： a)否定句：主语＋will/shall not+ be+动词过去分词＋其他. 主语＋am/is/are not going to+ be+动词过去分词＋其他. b)一般疑问句：Will/Shall+主语＋be+动词过去分词＋其他？ Am/Is/Are+主语＋going to+ be+动词过去分词＋其他？ c)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋will/shall+主语＋be+动词过去分词＋其他？ 特殊疑问词＋am/is/are+主语＋going to+ be+动词过去分词＋其他？ 注意：用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，此时应用一般现在时的被动语态形式代替一般将来时的被动语态。 e. g: I need one more stamp before my collection is completed. 4.现在完成时的被动语态： 1)构成：由“have/has+ been+ 动词过去分词＋by+动作执行者”构成，无须说明动作执行者时可省去“by+动作执行者”。have/has由主语的人称和单复数形式而定。 2)现在完成时被动语态句型的转换方法： 现在完成时被动语态句型的转换紧紧围绕have/ has进行，否定句在have/has后面加not,一般疑问句将have/ has提至句首，特殊疑问句由“特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句”构成。 5.情态动词的被动语态： 1)构成：由“情态动词+ be+ 动词过去分词＋by+动作执行者”构成。 2)情态动词被动语态句型的转换方法： 含有情态动词的被动语态句型的转换紧紧围绕情态动词进行，否定句在情态动词后面加not,一般疑问句将情态动词提至句首，特殊疑问句由“特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句”构成。 V.主动结构表被动意义的情况： 1. 系动词如feel, sound, taste, look , seem, smell等用主动表被动。 e. g:Your idea sounds good. You look beautiful. 2. 在need, require, want, be worth后面加动名词，用主动表被动。 e. g: The TV needs repairing. = The TV needs to be repaired. 3. open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词且它 们的主语为物时,可用主动语态表被动意义。如: e. g: This kind of shirt sells well here. 4.动词不定式做定语时，如果它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语，则可以用主动形式表示被动意义。 e. g: She has an important meeting to attend. They have a lot of work to do. 5. 在“too…to…”结构和形容词+ enough to do结构中,通常用主动形式表示被动。 e. g: The problem is too difficult to work out. VI.被动语态的特殊用法： 1.含有双宾语的主动句变成被动句时，可以把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，也可以把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语。直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前加上for或to. e. g: He gave me a book yesterday. →I was given a book by him yesterday. →A book was given to me by him yesterday. 2.主动句中省略to的动词不定式可作宾语补足语，在变成被动句时，要还原to。接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice等。 e. g: The teacher made me read the article. →I was made to read the article by the teacher. 3.如果主动句中的谓语动词是不及物的动词短语，变为被动句时动词短语中的介词或副词不可以省略。 e. g: We can take good care of your children. →Your children can be taken good care of by us. We should make full use of the good chance. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。 →The good chance should be made full use of. VII.常用it作形式主语的被动句型 It's said that…据说… It's reported that…据报道… It's widely acknowledge that…众所周知… It's believed that…人们相信… It's thought/considered that…大家认为… L7专项同步练： 1. Students do less homework now. Usually it _______ before 9 o’clock in the evening. A. finishes B. finished C. is finished D. was finished 2. A new cinema _______ here now. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is building C. has built D. is being built 3. Trees _______ here this time last year. A. were being planted B. planted C. were planted D. were planting 4. --- How many Chinese astronauts (航天员) _______ into space since 2003? --- Eleven, including two women. A. were sent B. sent C. have been sent D. have sent 5. Liu Xiang _______ by his coach to train regularly. A. advised B. advises C. was advised D. be advised 6. --- How often do I need to feed the dog? --- It _______ food every day, or it will be hungry. A. must give B. must be give C. must be given D. must be gave 7. --- Doctor, it seems that you like to work with animals. --- Yes, I think animals should _______ as our friends. A. regard B. be regarded C. be regarding D. are regarded 8. More than 100 workers _______ from the coal mine in April this year. A. save B. saved C. are saved D. were saved 9. --- Are you going to the party? --- No, because I _______. A. wasn't invited B. haven't invited C. didn't invite D. haven't been invited 10. We Chinese ________ by the touching documentary Amazing China. A. encourage B. encourages C. are encouraged D. are encouraging 11. Someone saw Grace go out at around 12 o’clock yesterday evening.(改写为被动语态) _________________________________________________________________________ 12. Her father bought her a present on Children’s Day.(改写为被动语态) _________________________________________________________________________ 13.The boss makes the workers work all day.(改写为被动语态) ________________________________________________________________________ 14. 我的表需要修理。_______________________________________________________ 15.必须采取措施阻止人们污染环境。 ________________________________________________________________________ 16. 自从1988年以来，这个城镇已经发生了极大的改变。 ________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $