精品解析：广东省广州市番禺区2025-2026学年高一上学期1月期末统考模拟考英语试题

2026年1月广州市番禺区期末统考模拟考高一英语 本试卷共 8 页，满分 130 分。考试用时： 120 分钟。 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Life experiences can show one's "grit"（坚韧）． Complex challenges early in life helped the following people develop skills that got them to the top of their professions． Ursula Burns， Chairwoman， VEON； Former CEO， Xerox Her family was so poor that her single mother traded office cleaning for health care． But Burns' early gift for math won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox， where she would compete her way to the top． "I'm a black lady from the Lower East Side，" she says． "Not a lot scares me．" Howard Schultz， Executive Chairman， Starbucks Schultz grew up in public housing in Brooklyn， surrounded by poverty， and was the first in his family to go to college （on a football scholarship）． After training in sales， he set up the company that would later buy Starbucks． "In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money， I spoke to 242 people， and 217 of them said no．" he said． Sean Combs， CEO， Sean John Combs began a generation of hip﹣hop talent and made a lasting influence on fashion． But his story could have turned out much differently： his drug dealer father was killed when he was 3． "It made me work even harder．" he recently said． Geisha Williams， CEO， PG&E Her parents fled Cuba when Williams was 5． By 7， she was her parents' main translator in talks with lawyers and accountants at grocery stores they owned in New Jersey． The experience did help her． "I went from thinking I could be a manager to thinking I could do something much bigger．" she told Fortune． 1. Who did best in math at school？ A. Combs． B. Burns． C. Schultz． D. Williams． 2. How did the death of Combs' father influence him？ A It made him a failure． B. He became a drug dealer． C. It made him even stronger． D. He became a hip﹣hopper． 3. What can we learn from the passage？ A. Cuba is a good place to do business． B. No one wanted to help Schultz at first． C. Poor family kids can be successful easily． D. Difficulty in life pushed Williams forward． B For quite some time I have had an interest in the situation of the homeless. I have read about it，prayed over it，and have done small things to help. But feeling that I could，and should，do more to make a difference，I concluded that living as a homeless man-at least for a very brief period-was the best way to understand what it's like to have no place to call home. I decided that St. Vincent de Paul Catholic Church would be my first stop. Since the church opens its basement to homeless people every Friday for a hot meal，St. Vincent's was symbolically a very good place to start my day as a homeless man. After praying before the Blessed Sacrament，I hit the subfreezing streets with no money. I got into a line of men，women and children waiting to be admitted into the dining room where a free hot meal is served every day. From there I walked to Health Care for the Homeless—an organization dedicated to providing free medical care to people who have no permanent residence. Inside were about 75 homeless women and men waiting to be seen by a nurse. There I spoke with an older man who had serious family problems that caused his homelessness. Next，I stopped at a hotel and fast food restaurant asking if they were hiring. From there I walked the streets of downtown Baltimore asking people for a little loose change to buy a cup of coffee. I politely approached approximately 35 people. About 30 of them ignored me，and said they didn't have any money，or simply said no. But five people did offer me a small donation. I explained what I was doing，and thankfully declined their generosity. Later that night，as I walked back to my vehicle，I realized that I was a richer person for having lived one day as a homeless man. I thought about the homeless men and women I encountered，and their problems. 4. Why did the author decide to make a start from the church？ A. Only it offered the homeless a hot meal. B. It impressed the author in many ways. C. It had a routine of opening to the homeless. D. Many homeless people were allowed to live in the basement. 5. What did the author do while he was in Health Care for the Homeless？ A. He had a word with a homeless man. B. He helped an older man with family problems. C. He knew it was too miserable to have no money. D. He had a hot meal with some women and children. 6. What can we infer from the fifth paragraph？ A. The author worked a few hours in the restaurant. B. People should have cared about the homeless more. C. No food restaurants agreed to hire a homeless man. D. Very few people looked down upon the homeless. 7. What would the author most probably do in the future？ A. He would treasure what he had got in life. B. He would spend more time with the homeless. C. He would find a better way to help the homeless. D. He would frequently invite the homeless to his home. C Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges. Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member. “That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.” Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said. Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter. Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”. “The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. ” 8 What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter? A. Memorizing specific words. B. Understanding complex information. C. Using voices to communicate. D. Communicating messages on purpose. 9. What did Dr Shultz think of the study? A. It was well designed but poorly conducted. B. It was a good try but the findings were limited. C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable. D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise. 10. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean? A. Difference. B. Conflict. C. Balance. D. Connection. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough B. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom D. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated D I start every summer with the best of intentions:to attack one big book from the past, a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious. Often the pairings of books and settings have been purely accidental: "Moby Dick" on a three-day cross-country train trip: “The Magic Mountain” in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors, no telephones or televisions in the rooms, and little to do beyond row on the salt pond. Attempting "The Man Without Qualities" on a return to Hawaii, my native state, however, was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes (册), then decided that I'd got the point and went swimming instead. But this summer I find myself at a loss. I’m not quite interested in Balzac, say, or “Tristram Shandy.” There’s always War and Peace, which I've covered some distance several times, only to get bogged down in the "War" part, set it aside for a while, and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again, having forgotten everyone’s name and social rank. How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite-once more into “The Waves” or “Justine,” which feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature. And then there’s Stendhal’s “The Red and the Black,” which happens to be the name of my favorite cocktail (鸡尾酒) of the summer, created by Michael Cecconi at Savoy and BackForty. It is easy to drink, and knocking back three or four seems like such a delightful idea. Cecconi's theory: "I take whatever’s fresh at the green market and turn it into liquid." The result is a pure shot of afternoon in the park, making one feel cheerful and peaceful all at once, lying on uncut grass with eyes shut, sun beating through the lids... 12. What can we infer about the author from the first paragraph? A. He has a cottage in New England. B. He shows talents for literature. C. He enjoys reading when traveling. D. He admires a lot of great writers. 13. What do the underlined words "get bogged down" in paragraph 2 mean? A. Get confused. B. Be carried away. C. Be interrupted. D. Make no progress. 14. Why does the author say reading his favorite books feels like cheating? A. He finishes them quickly. B. He should read something serious. C. He barely understands them. D. He has read them many times before. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Books of Summer B. My Summer Holidays C. To Read or Not to Read D. It’s Never Too Late to Read 第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Mountain A mountain is a landform that rises high above its surroundings. Taller than a hill, it usually has steep slopes and a rounded or sharp peak. Mountains are rarely found alone. ____16____ Lines of ranges form mountain belts. Some mountains were formed by the activity of volcanoes. Scientists believe that most volcanic mountains are made up of rock that melted deep within earth. The rock rose through Earth’s surface, or crust. It then flowed onto the surface in the form of lava. ____17____ Volcanic mountains are typically steep. Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa, and Mount Rainier in the United States are examples of volcanic mountains. Other mountains were formed by movements within Earth’s crust. The theory called plate tectonics explains this type of mountain building. Earth’s crust is divided into huge pieces called plates, which move very slowly. The continents sit on top of the plates and move with them. At times the plates strike against each other, forcing the rock upward. The Himalayas of Asia are an example of this type of mountain chain. _____18_____ Mountain ranges are natural barriers to travel. Roads are difficult to build across them. Railroads need expensive tunnels to cross even low mountains. ____19____ They often form borders between countries. Life is hard in mountain lands. The high places of the world are cold and have little soil, making farming difficult. ____20____ Skiing and climbing are popular mountain sports. A. Groups of mountains are called ranges. B. However, many mountain areas are vacation spots. C. The lava, along with volcanic dust, built up to form mountains. D. These colder climates strongly affect the ecosystems of mountains. E. Thus the continental crust is normally much thicker under mountains. F. Therefore mountain ranges tend to divide the people on either side of them. G. They were formed when a plate carrying India struck against the Asian plate. 第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分 40 分) 第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was a freezing winter day when a space heater caused a fire in a high-rise apartment building. The fire was small, but it ____21____ huge heavy smoke. Because a broken fire door was left ____22____, it took just minutes for the entire building to become a death ____23____ for the people inside. Before firefighters’ arrival, people ____24____ to evacuate the smoking building. Single mother-of-two Kristin was one of the hundreds of people ____25____ to get out of the building. As she tried to carry her two young children down the crowded ____26____ from her apartment, a stranger appeared out of nowhere and asked if she needed ____27____. The man is Francis, who lived on the building’s top floor. He was running for his ____28____ and when he saw Kristin and her daughters he ____29____ that he couldn’t just leave them there to struggle for themselves. _____30_____, he picked 3-year-old Kween up and took off down the stairs quickly. _____31_____ helped Kristin and her other child _____32_____ it out not long after Francis and Kween got out. Kristin couldn’t _____33_____ what could have happened if Francis hadn’t stopped to help. Many people might have been so _____34_____ by the fire that they might just care about themselves _____35_____ danger, but this man kept his eyes open and didn’t hesitate (犹豫) to lend a hand. 21. A. experienced B. prevented C. produced D. attracted 22. A. open B. closed C. behind D. alone 23. A. march B. game C. blow D. trap 24. A. attempted B. failed C. happened D. continued 25. A. struggling B. waiting C. shouting D. refusing 26. A. corner B. room C. windows D. stairs 27. A. advice B. help C. shelter D. escape 28. A. job B. life C. meal D. freedom 29. A. remembered B. wondered C. realized D. feared 30. A. However B. Therefore C. Anyhow D. Besides 31. A. Policemen B. Soldiers C. Officials D. Firefighters 32. A. work B. check C. stick D. make 33. A. imagine B. sense C. express D. bear 34. A. excited B. frightened C. annoyed D. confused 35. A. in place of B. in spite of C. in case of D. in face of 第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A few years back, I enjoyed my summer vacation at New York’s Harriman State Park with a good friend. The place ___36___ we were going to was the beautiful Lake Sebago. It was certainly a nice place with tent platforms, a number of kayaks and swimming areas. It was very ___37___ (convenience) for us to fish there. As soon as we reached the best nearby fishing spot, my friend began unloading the baggage, and passed me a fishing pole. There was a piece of red cloth that was attached ___38___ it. I positioned the pole in what I considered ___39___ (be) the perfect place and attempted to cast (扔) the line in the water. After just a few failed attempts, I finally had it down. Soon a 10-inch bluegill (蓝腮太阳鱼) caught it. Feeling excited but nervous, I thought that I was capable of ___40___ (pull) it up though it was quite ___41___ (challenge). The water was rather shallow (浅), so the fish wasn’t able to sink down or actually run with the line. Even though it jumped out of the water several times during my struggle with this very first fish, I was still able to hold on patiently. At this time my friend began running around the dock like a child madly in search of something. I never realized what that reaction was about until he shouted at me with an excited look on his face, “Hey, man, congratulations to you. You are ___42___ (absolute) great. This is the biggest fish that ___43___ (catch) by us since half a year ago. ” I caught a total of six fish that day. Since then, I’ve come to appreciate the magical feeling of casting a line and then waiting, expecting to see the fish that I might meet with at the end of my pole. There are many benefits from fishing beside a lake or a river. It is both an ___44___ (recreate) and an entertainment. I am never fed ____45____ with such an outdoor activity. 第三节 单项选择：10小题 46. She decided to apply for the job after learning about the company’s excellent benefits and culture. A. 申请 B. 应用 C. 涂抹 D. 用力压 47. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country. A. 主修，专攻 B. 重大的，主要的 C. 主修科目 D. 专业 48. We should recognize strengths in others and show due respect for them. A. 到期的 B. 预期的 C. 应有的 D. 因为，由于 49. The average adult man burns 1,500 to 2,000 calories per day. A. 平均数 B. 平均 C. 中等的 D. 普通的,平常的 50. Social problems in modern society are mounting. A. 攀升 B. 攀登 C. 山峰 D. 安装 51. Alice, as well as her parents, ________ to Greece for their holiday in the coming holiday. A. are flying B. fly C. flew D. is flying 52. Neil Dancer, ________ parents are both teachers, won first prize in the competition. A. whom B. whose C. which D. that 53. David is such a good boy ________ all the teachers like. A. as B. that C. who D. whom 54. The thief was caught stealing money from the shop and ________ by the local police at the moment. A. is questioned B. is being questioned C. has been questioned D. was questioned 55. The world ________ upside down since the invention of the Internet and the introduction of personal computers into nearly every home. A is turned B. was turned C. has been turned D. would be turned 第四部分 写作(共三节，满分40分) 第一节 单词拼写：根据句子的意思、首字母和汉语提示完成下列句子，每空只填一词。(共10小题，每题1分， 共10分。动词考查时态、语态与三单，名词需注意复数变形) 56. Nowadays, many documents can be d ________ (下载) free from the Internet. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 57. Thinking p_____ (乐观地) is one way of dealing with stress. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 58. A________ (实际上，事实上), smoking not only does harm to your physical health, but also ruins your mental health. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 59. Insurance companies often charge extra to cover flood, earthquake, or other natural d________ (灾难). (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 60. The Red Cross Society of China has s________ (供应) the disaster-hit area with doctors and medical supplies since the happening of floods. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 61. Have you ever tried to learn English but failed, d________ (尽管) your best efforts? (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 62. Study is not easy for me at all. However, I understand that I am not s________ (奋斗，斗争) for good scores in exams, but rather, a chance for a better future. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 63. Zhang Guimei has made great c________ (贡献) to the cause of education in the distant area of Yunnan Province. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 64. Only after he r________ (脱下，移除，取下) his dark glasses did I recognize him. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 65. There were m________ (百万) of people watching the international marathon match on TV. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 第二节 完成句子(12小题，15空，每空1分，共15分) 1)词形转换：在句子中填入所给单词的正确形式(共5小题，每题1分，考查词形转换、形容词升级与名词复数等) 66. With the development of economy, the city has changed beyond r________ (recognize). (所给词的适当形式填空) 67. Her main ________ (responsible) as class monitor is to organize weekly classroom clean-ups, and communicate the teachers’ messages. (所给词的适当形式填空) 68. After the storm, we could see a number of ________ (roof) in the village needed to be repaired. (所给词的适当形式填空) 69. After three months of regular exercise, she looks much ________ (slim) and healthier than before. (所给词的适当形式填空) 70. They have three daughters, all of whom went abroad for ________ (far) education. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2)用括号中动词的正确形式完成句子(共5小题，每题1分，考查谓语、非谓语的不同形式) 71. ________ (compare) our small progress with the courage we’ve shown along the way makes us feel proud and encourages us to keep working hard for bigger goals. (所给词的适当形式填空) 72. Lack of practice ________ (lead) to the team’s unexpected failure in the performance, which made them realize the importance of daily rehearsal (彩排). (所给词的适当形式填空) 73. The Wi-Fi password ________ (confirm) by the librarian recently, so students can search for academic papers and finish group project in the library conveniently. (所给词的适当形式填空) 74. Every year before flood season, the National Cultural Heritage Administration ________ (issue) notices on strengthening the safety of cultural heritage, and then provinces and cities react, forming an effective system to prepare for natural challenges. (所给词的适当形式填空) 75. They ________ (cheat) once when they tried to buy second-hand books online. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3)根据所提供的汉语意思完成句子(共2小题，考查语法、句型、语言点，每空只填一个单词，共5空，每空1分) 76. 越努力, 越幸运。 ________ ________ you work, the ________ you will be. 77. 我的家庭传统让我意识到接受良好教育很重要。 My family tradition makes me aware that it is ________ great ________ to receive good education. 第三节 应用文写作(共1 小题，满分15分) 78. 假定你是李华，你的留学生朋友Beth想学打乒乓球，发邮件向你求教。请给她回封邮件，内容包括： 1.表示支持； 2.打乒乓球的好处； 3.推荐教练。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 Dear Beth, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年1月广州市番禺区期末统考模拟考高一英语 本试卷共 8 页，满分 130 分。考试用时： 120 分钟。 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Life experiences can show one's "grit"（坚韧）． Complex challenges early in life helped the following people develop skills that got them to the top of their professions． Ursula Burns， Chairwoman， VEON； Former CEO， Xerox Her family was so poor that her single mother traded office cleaning for health care． But Burns' early gift for math won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox， where she would compete her way to the top． "I'm a black lady from the Lower East Side，" she says． "Not a lot scares me．" Howard Schultz， Executive Chairman， Starbucks Schultz grew up in public housing in Brooklyn， surrounded by poverty， and was the first in his family to go to college （on a football scholarship）． After training in sales， he set up the company that would later buy Starbucks． "In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money， I spoke to 242 people， and 217 of them said no．" he said． Sean Combs， CEO， Sean John Combs began a generation of hip﹣hop talent and made a lasting influence on fashion． But his story could have turned out much differently： his drug dealer father was killed when he was 3． "It made me work even harder．" he recently said． Geisha Williams， CEO， PG&E Her parents fled Cuba when Williams was 5． By 7， she was her parents' main translator in talks with lawyers and accountants at grocery stores they owned in New Jersey． The experience did help her． "I went from thinking I could be a manager to thinking I could do something much bigger．" she told Fortune． 1. Who did best in math at school？ A. Combs． B. Burns． C. Schultz． D. Williams． 2. How did the death of Combs' father influence him？ A. It made him a failure． B. He became a drug dealer． C. It made him even stronger． D. He became a hip﹣hopper． 3. What can we learn from the passage？ A. Cuba is a good place to do business． B. No one wanted to help Schultz at first． C. Poor family kids can be successful easily． D. Difficulty in life pushed Williams forward． 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【分析】本文为记叙文。生活经历可以展示一个人的“勇气”。在人生的早期，复杂的挑战帮助人们发展了技能，使他们成为专业的佼佼者。文章介绍了这样的四个人。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的But Burns' early gift for math won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox，where she would compete her way to the top．可知在学校Burns的数学学得最好，因此答案选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。结合文章第七段中的 But his story could have turned out much differently： his drug dealer father was killed when he was 3． "It made me work even harder．" he recently said．可以得知Sean Combs的父亲的死让Sean Combs更加努力学习，变得更加坚强，由此可知答案选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句话“Her parents fled Cuba when Williams was 5． By 7， she was her parents' main translator in talks with lawyers and accountants at grocery stores they owned in New Jersey． The experience did help her.”（当她五岁的时候，她的父母逃离了古巴。到7岁的可知时候，她是父母的翻译和所经营的商店的会计，这个经历帮助了她变得强大的时候。），逃离的经历使她变得强大，因此答案选D。 【点睛】细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。此外，在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决细节理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。 以本文第2小题为例，本题运用定位法：我们根据题干How did the death of Combs' father influence him？中的关键词是the death of Combs' father，从而直接定位到含Sean Combs，CEO，Sean John部分的——But his story could have turned out much differently： his drug dealer father was killed when he was 3． "It made me work even harder．" he recently said．可以得知Sean Combs的父亲的死让Sean Combs更加努力学习，变得更加坚强，由此可知答案选C。 B For quite some time I have had an interest in the situation of the homeless. I have read about it，prayed over it，and have done small things to help. But feeling that I could，and should，do more to make a difference，I concluded that living as a homeless man-at least for a very brief period-was the best way to understand what it's like to have no place to call home. I decided that St. Vincent de Paul Catholic Church would be my first stop. Since the church opens its basement to homeless people every Friday for a hot meal，St. Vincent's was symbolically a very good place to start my day as a homeless man. After praying before the Blessed Sacrament，I hit the subfreezing streets with no money. I got into a line of men，women and children waiting to be admitted into the dining room where a free hot meal is served every day. From there I walked to Health Care for the Homeless—an organization dedicated to providing free medical care to people who have no permanent residence. Inside were about 75 homeless women and men waiting to be seen by a nurse. There I spoke with an older man who had serious family problems that caused his homelessness. Next，I stopped at a hotel and fast food restaurant asking if they were hiring. From there I walked the streets of downtown Baltimore asking people for a little loose change to buy a cup of coffee. I politely approached approximately 35 people. About 30 of them ignored me，and said they didn't have any money，or simply said no. But five people did offer me a small donation. I explained what I was doing，and thankfully declined their generosity. Later that night，as I walked back to my vehicle，I realized that I was a richer person for having lived one day as a homeless man. I thought about the homeless men and women I encountered，and their problems. 4. Why did the author decide to make a start from the church？ A. Only it offered the homeless a hot meal. B. It impressed the author in many ways. C. It had a routine of opening to the homeless. D. Many homeless people were allowed to live in the basement. 5. What did the author do while he was in Health Care for the Homeless？ A. He had a word with a homeless man. B. He helped an older man with family problems. C. He knew it was too miserable to have no money. D. He had a hot meal with some women and children. 6. What can we infer from the fifth paragraph？ A. The author worked a few hours in the restaurant. B. People should have cared about the homeless more. C. No food restaurants agreed to hire a homeless man. D. Very few people looked down upon the homeless. 7. What would the author most probably do in the future？ A. He would treasure what he had got in life. B. He would spend more time with the homeless. C. He would find a better way to help the homeless. D. He would frequently invite the homeless to his home. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者为了更好地帮助大街上的流浪人员，决定亲自做一天流浪者，亲身体会一下他们到底需要什么，以便能给他们更好的帮助。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Since the church opens its basement to homeless people every Friday for a hot meal，St. Vincent's was symbolically a very good place to start my day as a homeless man”（由于教堂每周五向无家可归的人开放地下室，让他们吃一顿热饭。St. Vincent's是我作为一个流浪汉开始一天生活的象征）由此推断出作者决定从教堂开始，因为它有一个对无家可归者开放的惯例。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。 由第四段的“There I spoke with an older man who had serious family problems that caused his homelessness”（在那里，我和一位老人交谈，他有严重的家庭问题，导致他无家可归）可知，作者在Health Care for the Homeless时与一名无家可归者交谈。故选A。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。由第五段的“I politely approached approximately 35 people. About 30 of them ignored me，and said they didn't have any money，or simply said no. But five people did offer me a small donation”（我礼貌地接近了大约35个人。他们中大约有30人无视我，说他们没有钱，或者干脆说没有。但是有五个人给了我一小笔捐款）可知，在社会上人们对流浪者的关注甚微，因此需要人们更多地关注这个人群。故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段的“But feeling that I could，and should，do more to make a difference”（但我觉得我可以，也应该，做更多的事情来改变世界）和最后一段的“Later that night，as I walked back to my vehicle，I realized that I was a richer person for having lived one day as a homeless man. I thought about the homeless men and women I encountered，and their problems”（那天晚上晚些时候，当我走回我的车时，我意识到我作为一个无家可归的人生活了一天，所以我变得更富有了。我想到了我遇到的无家可归的男人和女人，以及他们的问题）可知，作者将来会找到一个更好的方法来帮助无家可归的人。故选C。 C Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges. Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member. “That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.” Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said. Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter. Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”. “The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. ” 8. What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter? A Memorizing specific words. B. Understanding complex information. C. Using voices to communicate. D. Communicating messages on purpose. 9. What did Dr Shultz think of the study? A. It was well designed but poorly conducted. B. It was a good try but the findings were limited. C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable. D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise. 10. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean? A. Difference. B. Conflict. C. Balance. D. Connection. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough B. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom D. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.(她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，它们故意向其他成员发送信息)”可知，根据Dr Hobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息。故选D。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were a little disappointing.(曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果有点令人失望)”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.(在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西)”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communications.(此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息)”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the gulf remains.(所以，看来差异依然存在)”。由此可知，划线词gulf与difference意思接近。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to communicate.(研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义)”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果。由此可知，D项Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated(黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 D I start every summer with the best of intentions:to attack one big book from the past, a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious. Often the pairings of books and settings have been purely accidental: "Moby Dick" on a three-day cross-country train trip: “The Magic Mountain” in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors, no telephones or televisions in the rooms, and little to do beyond row on the salt pond. Attempting "The Man Without Qualities" on a return to Hawaii, my native state, however, was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes (册), then decided that I'd got the point and went swimming instead. But this summer I find myself at a loss. I’m not quite interested in Balzac, say, or “Tristram Shandy.” There’s always War and Peace, which I've covered some distance several times, only to get bogged down in the "War" part, set it aside for a while, and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again, having forgotten everyone’s name and social rank. How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite-once more into “The Waves” or “Justine,” which feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature. And then there’s Stendhal’s “The Red and the Black,” which happens to be the name of my favorite cocktail (鸡尾酒) of the summer, created by Michael Cecconi at Savoy and BackForty. It is easy to drink, and knocking back three or four seems like such a delightful idea. Cecconi's theory: "I take whatever’s fresh at the green market and turn it into liquid." The result is a pure shot of afternoon in the park, making one feel cheerful and peaceful all at once, lying on uncut grass with eyes shut, sun beating through the lids... 12. What can we infer about the author from the first paragraph? A. He has a cottage in New England. B. He shows talents for literature. C. He enjoys reading when traveling. D. He admires a lot of great writers. 13. What do the underlined words "get bogged down" in paragraph 2 mean? A. Get confused. B. Be carried away. C. Be interrupted. D. Make no progress. 14. Why does the author say reading his favorite books feels like cheating? A. He finishes them quickly. B. He should read something serious. C. He barely understands them. D. He has read them many times before. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Books of Summer B. My Summer Holidays C. To Read or Not to Read D. It’s Never Too Late to Read 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者喜欢暑期旅游读书，并和我们分享了自己读书的体会。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中"Moby Dick" on a three-day cross-country train trip: “The Magic Mountain” in a New England beachside cottage……"The Man Without Qualities"on a return to Hawaii,等内容可知，作者在旅行中喜欢读名著，故选C。 【13题详解】 猜测词义题。根据句中covered some distance several times和set it aside for a while及读后的结果having forgotten everyone’s name and social rank.可知，作者在读“战争”部分时几次合上书，把书放一边。句中画线的“get bogged down”指的是陷入困境，停滞不前，没有进展。与Make no progress同义，故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite-once more into “The Waves” or “Justine,” which feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature.可知，作者再次读到自己最喜欢的书时，感到非常刺激和兴奋。同时感觉自己兴奋的心情与严肃的作品不适合，所以这时候会有cheating的感觉，认为自己应该读一些严肃的东西。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第一段开头作者就点明every summer，谈到了每年暑假旅行时喜欢读名著。第二段But this summer I find myself at a loss.谈到今年夏天读书的困惑，第三段my favorite cocktail (鸡尾酒)of the summer,再次把读书和鸡尾酒联系，谈自己读书的感受。所以全文都和夏天读书有关，The Books of Summer适合作为标题，故选A。 【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。小题4考查本文的标题，文章第一段开头作者就点明every summer，谈到了每年暑假旅行时喜欢读名著。第二段But this summer I find myself at a loss.谈到今年夏天读书的困惑，第三段my favorite cocktail (鸡尾酒)of the summer,再次把读书和鸡尾酒联系，谈自己读书的感受。所以全文都和夏天读书有关，The Books of Summer.适合作为标题。 第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Mountain A mountain is a landform that rises high above its surroundings. Taller than a hill, it usually has steep slopes and a rounded or sharp peak. Mountains are rarely found alone. ____16____ Lines of ranges form mountain belts. Some mountains were formed by the activity of volcanoes. Scientists believe that most volcanic mountains are made up of rock that melted deep within earth. The rock rose through Earth’s surface, or crust. It then flowed onto the surface in the form of lava. ____17____ Volcanic mountains are typically steep. Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa, and Mount Rainier in the United States are examples of volcanic mountains. Other mountains were formed by movements within Earth’s crust. The theory called plate tectonics explains this type of mountain building. Earth’s crust is divided into huge pieces called plates, which move very slowly. The continents sit on top of the plates and move with them. At times the plates strike against each other, forcing the rock upward. The Himalayas of Asia are an example of this type of mountain chain. _____18_____ Mountain ranges are natural barriers to travel. Roads are difficult to build across them. Railroads need expensive tunnels to cross even low mountains. ____19____ They often form borders between countries. Life is hard in mountain lands. The high places of the world are cold and have little soil, making farming difficult. ____20____ Skiing and climbing are popular mountain sports. A. Groups of mountains are called ranges. B. However, many mountain areas are vacation spots. C. The lava, along with volcanic dust, built up to form mountains. D. These colder climates strongly affect the ecosystems of mountains. E. Thus the continental crust is normally much thicker under mountains. F Therefore mountain ranges tend to divide the people on either side of them. G. They were formed when a plate carrying India struck against the Asian plate. 【答案】16. A 17. C 18. G 19. F 20. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于山的一些知识，包括它的地貌、形成原因和作用等。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Mountains are rarely found alone.(山很少是单独存在的)”以及后文“Lines of ranges form mountain belts.(连绵的山脉形成了山地带)”可知，上文提到山很少单独存在，说明山都是成群存在的，形成山脉，后文中ranges与A选项中ranges相对应。故A选项“山脉群被称为山脉”符合语境，故选A。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Some mountains were formed by the activity of volcanoes. Scientists believe that most volcanic mountains are made up of rock that melted deep within earth. The rock rose through Earth’s surface, or crust. It then flowed onto the surface in the form of lava.(有些山是由火山活动形成的。科学家们认为，大多数的火山是由地球深处融化的岩石组成的。岩石穿过地球表面或地壳。然后它以熔岩的形式流到表面)”以及后文“Volcanic mountains are typically steep. Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa, and Mount Rainier in the United States are examples of volcanic mountains.(火山型山通常是陡峭的。日本的富士山、非洲的乞力马扎罗山和美国的雷尼尔山都是火山的例子)”可知，本段主要介绍的是山通过火山活动形成，本句应承接上文继续说明熔岩如何堆积成山的，上文中lava与C选项中The lava相对应。故C选项“熔岩和火山灰一起堆积成山”符合语境，故选C。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Other mountains were formed by movements within Earth’s crust. The theory called plate tectonics explains this type of mountain building. Earth’s crust is divided into huge pieces called plates, which move very slowly. The continents sit on top of the plates and move with them. At times the plates strike against each other, forcing the rock upward. The Himalayas of Asia are an example of this type of mountain chain.(其他的山脉是由地壳内部的运动形成的。板块构造理论解释了这种造山运动。地壳被分成巨大的板块，板块移动非常缓慢。大陆位于这些板块的顶部并随之移动。有时板块相互碰撞，迫使岩石向上。亚洲的喜马拉雅山就是这种山脉的一个例子)”可知，本段说明的是由板块运动形成的山，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文进一步说明喜马拉雅山是如何通过板块运动形成的。G项中的They指代上文The Himalayas of Asia。故G选项“它们是印度板块撞击亚洲板块时形成的”符合语境，故选G。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Mountain ranges are natural barriers to travel. Roads are difficult to build across them. Railroads need expensive tunnels to cross even low mountains.(山脉是旅行的天然障碍。很难在它们上面修路。铁路甚至需要穿越低山修建昂贵的隧道)”以及后文“They often form borders between countries.(它们经常形成国家之间的边界)”可知，上文提到山脉是障碍，后文提到山脉是国家之间的边界，可知山脉可以用来区分地界，把两边的人们分开。故F选项“因此，山脉倾向于把人们分为两边”符合语境，故选F。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Life is hard in mountain lands. The high places of the world are cold and have little soil, making farming difficult.(山区的生活很艰苦。世界上地势较高的地方气候寒冷，土壤稀少，这使得农业生产困难)”以及后文“Skiing and climbing are popular mountain sports.(滑雪和爬山是很受欢迎的高山运动)”可知，本句与上文形成转折，说明山区虽然使农业生产困难，但有的地方也有很受欢迎的高山运动，可以供人们度假。故B选项“然而，许多山区是度假胜地”符合语境，故选B。 第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分 40 分) 第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was a freezing winter day when a space heater caused a fire in a high-rise apartment building. The fire was small, but it ____21____ huge heavy smoke. Because a broken fire door was left ____22____, it took just minutes for the entire building to become a death ____23____ for the people inside. Before firefighters’ arrival, people ____24____ to evacuate the smoking building. Single mother-of-two Kristin was one of the hundreds of people ____25____ to get out of the building. As she tried to carry her two young children down the crowded ____26____ from her apartment, a stranger appeared out of nowhere and asked if she needed ____27____. The man is Francis, who lived on the building’s top floor. He was running for his ____28____ and when he saw Kristin and her daughters he ____29____ that he couldn’t just leave them there to struggle for themselves. _____30_____, he picked 3-year-old Kween up and took off down the stairs quickly. _____31_____ helped Kristin and her other child _____32_____ it out not long after Francis and Kween got out. Kristin couldn’t _____33_____ what could have happened if Francis hadn’t stopped to help. Many people might have been so _____34_____ by the fire that they might just care about themselves _____35_____ danger, but this man kept his eyes open and didn’t hesitate (犹豫) to lend a hand. 21. A. experienced B. prevented C. produced D. attracted 22. A. open B. closed C. behind D. alone 23. A. march B. game C. blow D. trap 24. A. attempted B. failed C. happened D. continued 25. A. struggling B. waiting C. shouting D. refusing 26. A. corner B. room C. windows D. stairs 27. A. advice B. help C. shelter D. escape 28. A. job B. life C. meal D. freedom 29. A. remembered B. wondered C. realized D. feared 30. A. However B. Therefore C. Anyhow D. Besides 31. A. Policemen B. Soldiers C. Officials D. Firefighters 32. A. work B. check C. stick D. make 33. A. imagine B. sense C. express D. bear 34. A. excited B. frightened C. annoyed D. confused 35 A. in place of B. in spite of C. in case of D. in face of 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一栋着火的大楼上，弗朗西斯冒着生命危险帮助带着两个孩子的母亲成功脱险的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：火势很小，但是产生了大量的浓烟。A. experienced经历；B. prevented阻止；C. produced产生；D. attracted吸引。根据上文“The fire was small(火势很小)”以及后面的“huge heavy smoke(大量的浓烟)”可知，浓烟是火产生的。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于一个坏了的防火门开着，几分钟内整个大楼变成了楼里面人的死亡陷阱。A. open开着的；B. closed关着的；C. behind在后面的；D. alone独自的。根据下文“it took just minutes for the entire building to become a death trap for the people inside(几分钟内整个大楼变成了楼里面人的死亡陷阱)”可知，浓烟是由于防火门开着导致的。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. march行进；B. game游戏；C. blow击打；D. trap陷阱。根据上文“The fire was small, but it produced huge heavy smoke(火势很小，但是产生了大量的浓烟)”可知，楼内遍布浓烟会导致人窒息，成为了致人死亡的陷阱。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在消防队员到达之前，人们试图撤离冒着浓烟的大楼。A. attempted试图；B. failed失败；C. happened发生；D. continued继续。根据上文“Before firefighters’ arrival(在消防队员到达之前)”可知，此时楼内到处是浓烟，但消防队员还没到，楼里的人们只能试图自救。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：带着两个孩子的单身母亲克里斯汀是挣扎着往大楼外面挤的几百个人之一。A. struggling挣扎着；B. waiting等待；C. shouting大喊；D. refusing拒绝。根据下文“get out of the building(出大楼)”可知，楼内非常危险，人们挣扎着要逃离大楼，故选A 项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正当她抱着两个幼童从她的公寓出门下拥挤的楼梯的时候，一个陌生男子突然出现并问她是否需要帮助。A. corner角落；B. room房间；C. windows窗户；D. stairs楼梯。根据下文“from her apartment(从她的公寓)”可知，楼里面着火，这个母亲抱着两个孩子要下楼梯逃离大楼。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. advice建议；B. help帮助；C. shelter遮挡处；D. escape逃跑。根据上文“a stranger appeared out of nowhere and asked if she needed(一个陌生男子突然出现并问她)”可知，楼里面着火，形势紧急，而这位母亲带着两个孩子艰难下楼，陌生男子是要帮助这个母亲和孩子逃离，所以要问是否需要帮助。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在逃命，当看见克里斯汀和她的两个女儿的时候，他意识到不能丢下她们独自搏命。A. job工作；B. life生命；C. meal饭；D. freedom自由。根据上文“He was running(他在跑)”可知，楼里面着火了，他奔跑是要逃命。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. remembered记得；B. wondered想知道；C. realized意识到；D. feared害怕。根据下文“he couldn’t just leave them there to struggle for themselves(他不能丢下她们独自搏命)”可知，这是弗朗西斯的想法，他意识到应该在危险中帮助母女脱险，故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他抱起了三岁的柯文并快速跑下楼。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Anyhow无论如何；D. Besides另外。根据上文“he couldn’t just leave them there to struggle for themselves(他不能丢下她们独自搏命)”可知，弗朗西斯要帮助母女脱险，与后一句之间为因果关系。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在弗朗西斯和柯文脱险不久以后，消防队员帮助克里斯汀和她的另一个孩子成功脱逃。A. Policemen警察；B. Soldiers士兵；C. Officials官员；D. Firefighters消防队员。根据第二段第一句“Before firefighters’ arrival(在消防队员到达之前)”以及生活常识可知，大楼里面着火，应为消防队员上楼救人。故选D 项。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上；A. work out成功脱逃；；B. check out结账离开；C. stick out坚持到底；D. make out辨认出。根据上文“Firefighters helped Kristin and her other child(消防队员帮助克里斯汀和她的另一个孩子)”以及下文“not long after Francis and Kween got out(在弗朗西斯和柯文脱险不久以后)”可知，在消防队员的帮助下，克里斯汀和她的另一个孩子成功逃离着火的大楼。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：克里斯汀无法想象如果弗朗西斯没有停下来帮助她的话，会有什么事发生。A. imagine想象；B. sense感觉；C. express表达；D. bear忍受。根据下文“what could have happened(原本会发生什么事)”可知，这不是事实情况，而是克里斯汀的想象。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人或许如此怕火以至于在面对危险的时候自顾自己，但是这个人睁开眼睛毫不犹豫地施以援手。A. excited兴奋的；B. frightened害怕的；C. annoyed烦恼的；D. confused困惑的。根据上文大楼着火，以及下文“by the fire(火)”可知，人们惧怕火灾。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. in place of代替；B. in spite of尽管；C. in case of万一；D. in face of面临。根据上文“they might just care about themselves(他们可能自顾自己)”以及下文“danger(危险)”可推知，人们在面对危险的时候，可能会自顾自己。故选D项。 第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A few years back, I enjoyed my summer vacation at New York’s Harriman State Park with a good friend. The place ___36___ we were going to was the beautiful Lake Sebago. It was certainly a nice place with tent platforms, a number of kayaks and swimming areas. It was very ___37___ (convenience) for us to fish there. As soon as we reached the best nearby fishing spot my friend began unloading the baggage, and passed me a fishing pole. There was a piece of red cloth that was attached ___38___ it. I positioned the pole in what I considered ___39___ (be) the perfect place and attempted to cast (扔) the line in the water. After just a few failed attempts, I finally had it down. Soon a 10-inch bluegill (蓝腮太阳鱼) caught it. Feeling excited but nervous, I thought that I was capable of ___40___ (pull) it up though it was quite ___41___ (challenge). The water was rather shallow (浅), so the fish wasn’t able to sink down or actually run with the line. Even though it jumped out of the water several times during my struggle with this very first fish, I was still able to hold on patiently. At this time, my friend began running around the dock like a child madly in search of something. I never realized what that reaction was about until he shouted at me with an excited look on his face, “Hey, man, congratulations to you. You are ___42___ (absolute) great. This is the biggest fish that ___43___ (catch) by us since half a year ago. ” I caught a total of six fish that day. Since then, I’ve come to appreciate the magical feeling of casting a line and then waiting, expecting to see the fish that I might meet with at the end of my pole. There are many benefits from fishing beside a lake or a river. It is both an ___44___ (recreate) and an entertainment. I am never fed ____45____ with such an outdoor activity. 【答案】36. that##which 37. convenient 38. to 39. to be 40. pulling 41. challenging 42. absolutely 43. has been caught 44. recreation 45. up 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和朋友一起钓鱼的经历。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我们要去的地方是美丽的塞巴哥湖。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句引导词，代替先行词The place在从句中作介词to的宾语成分关，应用关系代词that/which引导的定语从句。故填that/which。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们在那里钓鱼很方便。根据句意以及空前was系动词可知，此处为形容词convenient“方便的”作表语。故填convenient。 【38题详解】 考查介词。句意：有一块红布系在上面。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语attach to“固定，附属在”。故填to。 【39题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我把杆子放在我认为最合适的地方，然后试着把线抛进水里。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语consider...to be“认为……是”。故填to be。 【40题详解】 考查动名词。句意：我感到既兴奋又紧张，虽然这很有挑战性，但我认为我有能力把它拉上来。动词短语be capable of doing“有能力做某事”，所以此处为动名词形式。故填pulling。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我感到既兴奋又紧张，虽然这很有挑战性，但我认为我有能力把它拉上来。根据句意以及空前was系动词可知，此处为形容词challenging“具有挑战性的”作表语。故填challenging。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：你真是太棒了。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词absolutely作状语修饰形容词great。故填absolutely。 【43题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这是我们半年以来钓到的最大的鱼。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由时间状语since half a year ago可知，此处应为现在完成时，the biggest fish和动词catch为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填has been caught。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：它既是一种消遣，也是一种娱乐。由and连接的entertainment为名词可知，此处也应为名词形式，并列作表语，冠词an提示用其单数形式。故填recreation。 【45题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我永远不会厌倦这样的户外活动。此处为动词短语be fed up with“讨厌”。故填up。 第三节 单项选择：10小题 46. She decided to apply for the job after learning about the company’s excellent benefits and culture. A. 申请 B. 应用 C. 涂抹 D. 用力压 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在了解了该公司优厚的福利和文化后，她决定申请这份工作。由语意可知，此处apply与介词for搭配，构成固定短语“apply for”，意为“申请(职位、学校等)”，符合句中“求职”的语境。故选A项。 47. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country. A. 主修，专攻 B. 重大的，主要的 C. 主修科目 D. 专业 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：秦始皇将七个主要的诸侯国统一为一个统一的国家。空处修饰states“国家”，根据united…into…可知，major在此处为“重大的，主要的”，符合题意。故选B。 48. We should recognize strengths in others and show due respect for them. A. 到期的 B. 预期的 C. 应有的 D. 因为，由于 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们应该认可他人的长处并表示应有的尊敬。本空修饰名词respect，作定语，根据“recognize strengths in others and show”可知，形容词due意思是“应有的”。故选C。 49. The average adult man burns 1,500 to 2,000 calories per day. A. 平均数 B. 平均的 C. 中等的 D. 普通的,平常的 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：普通成年男性每日消耗1500至2000卡路里。A. 平均数(名词)；B. 平均的(形容词，多指数值)；C. 中等的(形容词)；D. 普通的，平常的(形容词)。由句子结构可知，average在定冠词The后，修饰名词短语adult man，应选择形容词词义。此处指“一般情况下的、普通的成年男性”，而非强调数值的“平均”。故选D项。 50. Social problems in modern society are mounting. A. 攀升 B. 攀登 C. 山峰 D. 安装 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现代社会中的社会问题日益增多。根据Social problems in modern society可知，此处表示社会问题的攀升，上升，A符合题意。故选A。 51. Alice, as well as her parents, ________ to Greece for their holiday in the coming holiday. A. are flying B. fly C. flew D. is flying 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：爱丽丝以及她的父母将在即将到来的假期里飞往希腊度假。A. are flying(现在进行时复数形式表示将来)；B. fly(一般现在时)；C. flew(一般过去时)；D. is flying(现在进行时单数形式表示将来)。由语意可知，句中有“in the coming holiday”表示将来，需用将来时态，英语中常用现在进行时表示已安排好的将来计划。此外，主语“Alice”后有“as well as her parents”，根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词应与“Alice”保持一致，用单数形式。故选D项。 52. Neil Dancer, ________ parents are both teachers, won first prize in the competition. A. whom B. whose C. which D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：尼尔·丹瑟的父母都是教师，他在比赛中获得了第一名。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Neil Dancer，作从句中parents的定语，用关系代词whose引导从句。故选B。 53. David is such a good boy ________ all the teachers like. A. as B. that C. who D. whom 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：大卫是一个所有老师都喜欢的好孩子。A. as(关系代词，可引导定语从句，与such搭配使用，在从句中作宾语)；B. that(引导结果状语从句such...that...，从句为完整句子)；C. who(关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语)；D. whom(关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语)。由语意和句子结构可知，主句中有such，且空格后定语从句“all the teachers like”中动词like缺少宾语，需用关系代词充当宾语。such...as...为固定搭配，as引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语，表示“像……那样的”。若用that，则构成such...that...结果状语从句，但that从句中like后缺少宾语，结构不完整；who和whom虽可引导定语从句，但不与such构成固定搭配，且此处强调“像……一样的”含义，应用as。故选A项。 54. The thief was caught stealing money from the shop and ________ by the local police at the moment. A. is questioned B. is being questioned C. has been questioned D. was questioned 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：小偷在商店偷钱时被抓住，此刻正在被当地警方审问。question(审问)作分句谓语，与主语The thief之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“at the moment”可知，描述现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故选B项。 55. The world ________ upside down since the invention of the Internet and the introduction of personal computers into nearly every home. A. is turned B. was turned C. has been turned D. would be turned 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：自从互联网发明和个人电脑普及到几乎每个家庭以来，世界已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。A. is turned(一般现在时被动，表经常性、习惯性动作)；B. was turned(一般过去时被动，表过去某一时刻的动作)；C. has been turned(现在完成时被动，表过去动作对现在造成的影响)；D. would be turned(过去将来时被动，表过去视角下的将来动作)。由语意可知，句子中有“since”引导的时间状语，表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，应用现在完成时，且主语world与谓语turn之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。故选C项。 第四部分 写作(共三节，满分40分) 第一节 单词拼写：根据句子的意思、首字母和汉语提示完成下列句子，每空只填一词。(共10小题，每题1分， 共10分。动词考查时态、语态与三单，名词需注意复数变形) 56. Nowadays, many documents can be d ________ (下载) free from the Internet. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】downloaded##ownloaded 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：如今，许多文件都可以从互联网上免费下载。表示“下载”用download，此处为含有情态动词的被动语态，空处用过去分词。故填downloaded。 57. Thinking p_____ (乐观地) is one way of dealing with stress. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】positively##ositively 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：思想乐观是对付压力的一种方法。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语使用副词，根据中英文提示，以p开头且表示“乐观地”含义的副词为positively。故填positively。 58. A________ (实际上，事实上), smoking not only does harm to your physical health, but also ruins your mental health. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】Actually##ctually 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：实际上，吸烟不仅危害你的身体健康，还会损害你的心理健康。根据中文提示“实际上，事实上”及首字母“A”可知，且此处用于句首作状语，需用副词Actually，句首首字母大写。 故填Actually。 59. Insurance companies often charge extra to cover flood, earthquake, or other natural d________ (灾难). (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】disasters##isasters 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：保险公司通常会对洪水、地震或其他自然灾害收取额外费用。结合首字母提示可知，“灾难”应用名词disaster，作cover的宾语，且other后可数名词disaster应用复数形式。故填disasters。 60. The Red Cross Society of China has s________ (供应) the disaster-hit area with doctors and medical supplies since the happening of floods. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】supplied##upplied 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：自洪水发生以来，中国红十字会一直向灾区提供医生和医疗用品。结合首字母提示可知，“供应”应用动词supply，和has构成谓语，结合“since the happening of floods”可知，时态为现在完成时，短语supply… with…意为“给……供应……”。故填supplied。 61. Have you ever tried to learn English but failed, d________ (尽管) your best efforts? (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】despite##espite 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管你尽了最大努力，你是否曾尝试学习英语却失败了？根据中文提示“尽管”，首字母“d”以及空格后为名词短语“your best efforts”可知，此处需填介词despite。 故填despite。 62. Study is not easy for me at all. However, I understand that I am not s________ (奋斗，斗争) for good scores in exams, but rather, a chance for a better future. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】struggling##truggling 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：学习对我来说一点也不容易。然而，我明白我不是在为考试中的高分而奋斗，而是在为一个更好的未来的机会而奋斗。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“奋斗，斗争”应用动词struggle；且这里应用现在分词形式与前面am构成现在进行时。故填struggling。 63. Zhang Guimei has made great c________ (贡献) to the cause of education in the distant area of Yunnan Province. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】contributions##ontributions 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：张桂梅为云南省偏远地区的教育事业做出了巨大贡献。根据汉语提示“贡献”及首字母c可知，此处使用名词contribution；固定搭配“make great contributions to(为……做出巨大贡献)”中，contribution常用复数形式，在句中作宾语，此处被形容词great修饰。故填contributions。 64. Only after he r________ (脱下，移除，取下) his dark glasses did I recognize him. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】removed##emoved 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：直到他摘下墨镜，我才认出他来。根据中英文提示可知用动词remove，作谓语，结合后文did可知为一般过去时。故填removed。 65. There were m________ (百万) of people watching the international marathon match on TV. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】millions##illions 【解析】 【详解】考查数词。句意：有数百万人在电视上观看国际马拉松比赛。结合汉语“百万”和首字母提示，用数词million构成固定短语millions of，表概数，意为“数百万”。故填millions。 第二节 完成句子(12小题，15空，每空1分，共15分) 1)词形转换：在句子中填入所给单词的正确形式(共5小题，每题1分，考查词形转换、形容词升级与名词复数等) 66. With the development of economy, the city has changed beyond r________ (recognize). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】recognition##ecognition 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：随着经济的发展，这座城市变得让人认不出来了。本空作介词beyond的宾语，用名词recognition“认出”。故填recognition。 67. Her main ________ (responsible) as class monitor is to organize weekly classroom clean-ups, and communicate the teachers’ messages. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】responsibility 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为班长，她的主要职责是组织每周的教室大扫除，并传达老师的消息。此处作主语，应用名词responsibility“职责；责任”，强调“责任”这一抽象概念时，是不可数名词。故填responsibility。 68. After the storm, we could see a number of ________ (roof) in the village needed to be repaired. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】roofs 【解析】 【详解】考查可数名词复数。句意：暴风雨过后，我们可以看到村里有许多屋顶需要修缮。根据“a number of(许多，大量)”后接可数名词复数可知，括号内所给名词“roof(屋顶)”应用复数形式；roof的复数为roofs 。故填roofs。 69. After three months of regular exercise, she looks much ________ (slim) and healthier than before. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】slimmer 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：经过三个月的规律锻炼，她看起来比以前苗条健康多了。根据句中的than以及并列的比较级healthier可知，此处应用slim的比较级形式；slim为重读闭音节结尾的形容词，需双写末尾辅音字母m再加-er，故填slimmer。 70. They have three daughters, all of whom went abroad for ________ (far) education. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】further 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：他们有三个女儿，都出国深造了。本空修饰名词education，表示“更进一步的，深造的”，用形容词far的比较级further，作前置定语。故填further。 2)用括号中动词的正确形式完成句子(共5小题，每题1分，考查谓语、非谓语的不同形式) 71. ________ (compare) our small progress with the courage we’ve shown along the way makes us feel proud and encourages us to keep working hard for bigger goals. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Comparing 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：将我们微小的进步与一路以来展现的勇气相比较，让我们感到自豪，并鼓励我们为更大的目标继续努力。分析句子结构，句子谓语为makes和encourages，空格处及其后部分“________ our small progress with the courage we’ve shown along the way”在句中作主语，所给词“compare(比较)”是动词，其动名词形式comparing可充当句子主语，表主动含义。句首首字母大写。故填Comparing。 72. Lack of practice ________ (lead) to the team’s unexpected failure in the performance, which made them realize the importance of daily rehearsal (彩排). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】led 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：缺乏练习导致了团队在表演中意外失败，这使他们意识到日常彩排的重要性。lead to(导致)是主句谓语动词，与主语“Lack of practice”之间是主动关系，根据句意和从句谓语“made”可知，讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时态。故填led。 73. The Wi-Fi password ________ (confirm) by the librarian recently, so students can search for academic papers and finish group project in the library conveniently. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been confirmed 【解析】 【详解】考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：Wi-Fi密码最近得到了图书馆管理员的确认，所以学生们可以在图书馆方便地搜索学术论文并完成小组项目。根据recently可知，时态用现在完成时，主语The Wi-Fi password和动词confirm“确认”之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been confirmed。 74. Every year before flood season, the National Cultural Heritage Administration ________ (issue) notices on strengthening the safety of cultural heritage, and then provinces and cities react, forming an effective system to prepare for natural challenges. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】issues 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：每年汛期前，国家文物局都会发布加强文物安全工作的通知，然后各省、市作出反应，形成应对自然挑战的有效体系。根据时间状语Every year可知，句子描述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时，主语the National Cultural Heritage Administration是第三人称单数，谓语用issue“发布”的第三人称单数形式。故填issues。 75. They ________ (cheat) once when they tried to buy second-hand books online. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were cheated 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：他们在网上买二手书时曾被骗过一次。cheat(欺骗)是主句谓语，与主语They之间是被动关系，根据句意和时间状语“once”可知，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数代词，谓语用复数形式。故填were cheated。 3)根据所提供的汉语意思完成句子(共2小题，考查语法、句型、语言点，每空只填一个单词，共5空，每空1分) 76. 越努力, 越幸运。 ________ ________ you work, the ________ you will be. 【答案】 ①. The ②. harder ③. luckier 【解析】 【详解】考查比较级句型。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“越努力”和“越幸运”，用“the + 比较级, the + 比较级”句型，表示“越……越……”； 副词“hard(努力)”的比较级是harder，在句中作状语修饰work；形容词“lucky(幸运)”的比较级是luckier，在句中作表语。故填①The harder；②luckier。 77. 我的家庭传统让我意识到接受良好教育很重要。 My family tradition makes me aware that it is ________ great ________ to receive good education. 【答案】 ①. of ②. importance 【解析】 【详解】考查介词和名词。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应用“be of + 抽象名词”的结构，表达“非常重要”；名词“重要性”用importance；此处is of great importance相当于is very important。故填of；importance。 第三节 应用文写作(共1 小题，满分15分) 78. 假定你是李华，你的留学生朋友Beth想学打乒乓球，发邮件向你求教。请给她回封邮件，内容包括： 1.表示支持； 2.打乒乓球的好处； 3.推荐教练。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 Dear Beth ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Beth, I’m glad to hear that you want to learn table tennis, and I fully support your decision! Playing table tennis brings numerous benefits. First, it is a popular national sport that can significantly improve your reflexes and hand-eye coordination. Beyond physical health, what makes it truly special is its role as a fantastic social activity, allowing you to meet new friends. I am sure you will find great joy in it. To get you started properly, I strongly recommend Coach Wang. It is Coach Wang who taught me, and his patient and clear teaching style is perfect for beginners. If you’re interested, I can help you get in touch with him. Looking forward to hearing about your progress! Best wishes, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份，回复外国朋友的求助邮件，表达支持、说明乒乓球的好处并推荐教练。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad → delighted 好处：benefit → advantage/merit 提高：improve → enhance/boost 与……取得联系：get in touch with → get in contact with 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Beyond physical health, what makes it truly special is its role as a fantastic social activity, allowing you to meet new friends. 拓展句：Beyond physical health, what makes it truly special is its role as a fantastic social activity, which allows you to meet new friends. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First, it is a popular national sport that can significantly improve your reflexes and hand-eye coordination.(运用了that引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】Beyond physical health, what makes it truly special is its role as a fantastic social activity, allowing you to meet new friends. (运用了what引导的主语从句和现在分词短语“allowing you to meet new friends”作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $