专题12 八下Units 7-8（复习讲义）(译林版教材梳理)2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦八下Units7-8核心考点，涵盖重点词汇、易混词辨析、关键句型及被动语态等中考必考点。通过思维导图构建知识网络，考点通关模块分词汇、语法等专项突破，配合真题训练，形成“梳理-讲解-应用”的系统复习流程，针对性解决学生薄弱环节。 亮点在于“考点解析-真题印证-策略指导”的教学闭环，如被动语态部分通过不同时态转换实例（一般现在时is done、过去时was done）帮助学生掌握结构，易混词用对比表格（如be used as/for）培养辨析思维。分层练习设计满足不同学生需求，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，有效提升学生语言运用能力和应试技巧。

专题12 八下Units7-8（复习讲义）（译林版教材梳理） 目 录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 02·思维导图·网络构建 03·考点通关·靶向突破 考点1 重点词汇 考点2 易混词辨析 考点3 重点句型 考点4 重点语法 04·优题精选·练能提分 考点 课标要求 复习目标 重点单词 · 掌握重点词汇left、especially、basic、education、spread、case、cure、medical、treatment、afford、on board、patient、operate、proud、carry on with、hand out、hold、set up、organize、serious、separate、cause、recycle、allow、otherwise、punish、depend on、wisely\make a difference、keep…in place等单词的用法 1. 重点词汇会写会用 2. 易混词会在不同语境中熟练应用 3. 熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态 4. 熟练被动语态的特殊情况 易混词辨析 · 掌握be used as和be used for; treat和cure; run out和run out of 等易混词辨析 重点句型 · 掌握what’s wrong with sb?句型用法 · 掌握make up one’s mind to do sth句型 · 掌握三个use的句式 · 掌握so that引导的目的状语从句 · 掌握as well as就远原则 · 掌握have a chance to do sth句式 · 掌握not only…but also就近原则 重点语法 · 掌握被动语态的基本构成和在不同时态下的转换 · 掌握被动语态的特殊情况 命题预测 单词、易混词辨析和句型会融合到各种题型中考查。 被动语态是中考的必考点之一。且不同时态下的被动语态结构和主动表示被动是高频考点，主要在单项选择、单词拼写、选词填空和语法填空中考查。 考点1 重点词汇 1.left 【教材原文】You have some pocket money left. 【主要用法】 1）此处left是leave的过去分词，意为“剩下的”。 2）left放在名词或者不定代词的后面。 【例句】 · At the end of the party, there was some food left. 聚会结束的时候，我们还剩下些食物。 · I have no money left. Could you lend some to me? 2.especially 【教材原文】It helps build a better world for everyone, especially children all over the world. 【主要用法】 especially副词，意为“特别，尤其”，是especial的副词形式；especial形容词，意为“特别的，特殊的”。 【例句】 · I am very busy especially at the weekend.我在周末特别忙。 · This is a special day.这是一个特别的日子。 3.basic和education 【教材原文】It provides basic education for children in poor areas. 【主要用法】 1）basic形容词，意为“基础的，基本的” 2）education不可数名词，意为“教育” 【例句】 · Everyone should get the basic rights.每一个人都应该得到基本的权利。 · Children must receive education.孩子必须接受教育。 【拓展】 ①educate动词，意为“教育；培养”，短语：educate sb. to do sth. 意为“教育某人做某事”。 ②educator意为“教育工作者；教育家”。 【例句】 · You should educate your son to be kind to others.你应该教育你儿子对他人友好。 · Tao Xingzhi is a great educator.陶行知是一位伟大的教育家。 4.spread 【教材原文】It also works to prevent the spread of some serious diseases, like AIDS, among young people. 【主要用法】 1）句中的spread用作名词，意为“分布；扩散；展开”。 2）spread（spread, spread）既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意为“展开；传播；散布”。 【例句】 · You should realize the importance of spreading education.你应该意识到教育普及的重要性。 · He spread the map.他展开了地图。 · The news spread quickly.这个消息很快被传播开来。 5.case和cure 【教材原文】mostly in poor areas, and about 80 percent of these cases can be prevented or cured. 【主要用法】 1）case可数名词，意为“病例；案例”。 3）cure及物动词，意为“治愈，矫正”。 3）cure sb. of one’s illness 意为“治好某人的疾病”。 【例句】 · This is a fever case.这是一个发烧的病例。 · Can you cure the sick child? 你能治愈这个生病的孩子吗？ · This special kind of medicine cured him of his headache.这种特别的药治好了他的头疼。 6.medical和treatment 【教材原文】However, many people don’t have money for medical treatment. 【主要用法】 1）medical形容词，意为“医学的，医疗的”。 2）treatment可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词，意为“治疗”。 under treatment 正在治疗中 【例句】 · His mother works in a medical hospital.他妈妈在一家医学院工作。 · He had to give up the medical treatment. Because he used up all the money.他不得不放弃医学治疗，因为他用完了所有的钱。 7.afford 【教材原文】Many of our patients can’t afford to go to school. 【主要用法】 1）afford及物动词，意为“买得起；能做；承担得起”，后面接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。 2）go to hospital意为“去看病”，而不能译成“去医院”，类似的还有：go to school 去上学；如果表示去医院）看病人或做其他的事），则应说成go to a / the hospital；同样如果表示“去学校（找人或做其他的事）”则应说成go to the school. 【例句】 · This house is so expensive that I can’t afford to buy it.这所房子这么贵，我买不起。 · She can’t afford the cost of her daughter’s education. 她支付不起她女儿的教育费用。 · He had a cold. But he didn’t want to go to hospital.他感冒了，但是他不想去看病。 · Yesterday he went to the hospital to visit his teacher.昨天他去医院看望了他的老师。 8.on board 【教材原文】Also, local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations. 【主要用法】 短语：on board 意为“在飞机（船、火车）上” 【例句】 · When you are on board, you should turn off your phone.当你上了飞机，你应该关掉手机。 · I am on board now. 我现在在登船。 9.patient和operate 【教材原文】During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on. 【主要用法】 1）patient在句中作可数名词，意为“病人，患者”。也可以作为形容词，意思是“耐心的” 2）operate不及物动词，意为“开刀；做手术”，短语：operate on sb. 意为“给某人做手术”。 【例句】 · As a doctor, you should be patient with all the patients.作为一名医生，你应该对所有的病人有耐心。 · The doctor is operating on him.医生正在给他做手术。 10.proud 【教材原文】I’m proud to help people see again and improve their lives. 【主要用法】 1） proud形容词，意为“自豪的，骄傲的 2） 常见短语如下： be proud to do sth. 意为“以做某事而自豪” be proud of…意为“为……而自豪” 【例句】 · All the players are proud to take part in the match for their country.所有的运动员都以为他们的祖国比赛而自豪。 · They are proud of their son.他们为他们的儿子而自豪。 11.carry on with 【教材原文】But more money is needed to carry on with our work. 【主要用法】 短语：carry on with sth.意为“继续做某事”，相当于carry on doing sth.，go on doing sth.或continue doing sth.。 【例句】 · Let’s carry on with our work.让我们继续工作吧。 · He carried on playing football with me. 他继续和我踢足球。 12.hand out 【教材原文】The teacher handed them out to the students. 【主要用法】 1）短语：hand out意为“分发；发出”；其反义词组为hand in，意为“上交”。 2）注意：短语hand out与hand in的宾语如果是名词，可放在短语中间或者后面；如果宾语时人称代词，只能放在短语的中间。也就是hand it out或者hand it in。 【例句】 · I am helping my teacher hand out the papers.我正在帮助老师分发试卷。 · You must hand in your homework before the class.你必须在上课以前上交作业。 13. hold 【教材原文】The 29th Olympic Games was held in Beijing in 2008.第29届奥林匹克运动会是2008年在北京举行的。 【主要用法】 1）hold及物动词，意为“举行”，其过去式为held，过去分词为held。 2）hold作及物动词，还有以下含义： ①意为“容纳”。 ②意为“握住；抓住”。 【例句】 · This room can hold more than 100 students.这间教室能容纳100多名学生。 · He held his father’s hands.他握住他爸爸的手。 · Our school will hold the sports meeting nest week.我们学校下周将举行运动会。 14. set up 【教材原文】Oxfam was set up in the UK in 1942… 【主要用法】 1）set（set, set）既是及物动词，又是不及物动词，意为“创建，建立”，set up在此意为“建立”。 2）set up还意为“搭建；建起”。 注意：set up的宾语如果是代词，只能将其放在set up的中间；如果是名词，可以放在set up的中间，也可以放在set up的后面。 【例句】 · Let’s put up the tent together.让我们先搭建起帐篷吧。 · The school was set up in 1999.这所学校在1999年被建成。 15. organize 【教材原文】UNICEF raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other activities. 【主要用法】 organize及物动词，意为“组织”，其名词形式为organization. 【例句】 · Our school often organize different activities.我们学校经常组织不同的活动。 · This is an organization to help poor people.这是一个帮助穷困人的组织。 16. serious 【教材原文】Are you serious? 【主要用法】 1）serious形容词，意为“认真的，严肃的”。在句中作定语或表语。 2）be serious about sb. / sth. 对某人/某事是认真的 3）seriously副词，意为“认真地，严肃地，严重地”。 【例句】 · I want to have a serious talk with you.我想认真地跟你谈一谈。 · The old man looks very serious.那个老人看起来很严肃。 · You should be serious about your work.你应该认真工作。 · That girl is seriously ill. We must send her to the hospital at once.那个女孩病情严重。我们必须马上送她去医院。 17.cause 【教材原文】this causes serious air pollution. 【主要用法】 1）句子中的cause用作及物动词，意为“导致；造成”，其后可直接用造成的结果或发生的事情作宾语，也可接双宾语。 2）cause用作及物动词，还可意为“使，迫使”，其后通常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。 3）cause用作可数名词，意为“原因；起因”。 【例句】 · The good news made him very happy.这个好消息使他很开心。 · Driving after drinking wine is one of the causes in the traffic accidents.酒后驾车是交通事故最常见的起因之一。 18.separate和recycle 【教材原文】In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. 【主要用法】 1）句中的separate用作及物动词，意为“分开，隔开”；separate…into意为“把……分成”，其被动形式为be separated into，意为“被分成”。 2）separate…from…意为“把……和……分开；把……与……分离”。 3）recycle及物动词，意为“回收利用，循环利用”。 注意：recycle的名词形式是recycling，意为“回收利用，循环利用”。 【例句】 · We separate them into 6 groups.咱们把他们分成六个组吧。 · Please separate the white shirt from the black shirt.请把白衬衫与黑衬衫分开。 · We should try our best to recycle all the waste paper and reuse them.我们应该尽力把所有废纸回收再利用。 19.allow和otherwise和punish 【教材原文】For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. Otherwise, we will be punished. 【主要用法】 1）allow及物动词，意为“允许，准许”，常用于下列结构中： allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事；allow sb. not to do sth. 允许某人不做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 2）otherwise副词，意为“否则；不然”，相当于or（否则）或if not. 3）punish v.惩罚 【例句】 · The teacher allows him to go into the classroom.老师允许他进教室。 · We don’t allow smoking in public.我们不允许在公共场合吸烟。 · In the library you are not allowed to eat food.在图书馆你不准吃东西。 · We should go early. Otherwise, we may not catch the early bus.我们得早点儿去，要不然就可能赶不上早班车。 20.depend on 和wisely 【教材原文】We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely. 【主要用法】 1）depend on意为“依靠；取决于；视……而定”，其后跟名词、代词或从句。 2）wisely副词，意为“明智地，充满智慧地”。其形容词形式为wise，意为“明智的，充满智慧的”。 【例句】 · Your future depends on your action.你的将来取决于你现在的行动。 · You should wisely make use of your spare time.你应当明智地利用你的业余时间。 · She finally made a wise decision.她最后做了个明智的决定。 21.make a difference 【教材原文】Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference! 【主要用法】 1）difference可数名词，意为“差别，差异” 2）make a difference (to sb. / sth.) 意为“（对某人/某事）有影响，起作用” 【例句】 · Does the bad news make a difference to your work? 这个坏消息对你的工作有影响吗？ · What you said made a difference to me yesterday. 你昨天说的话对我有影响。 22.keep….in place 【教材原文】Trees also help keep soil in place during storms. 【主要用法】 短语：in place此处意为“在正确位置”。 【例句】 · She is used to keeping all the things in place.她习惯放好一切东西。 · Please keep the book in place after you read it. 读完这本书后请放回原处。 1．（2025·江苏常州中考真题）I’m also ____53____ (pride) to see my works get better and better. 2．（2024·江苏常州中考真题）—Which school club should I choose? —It ______ what skills you want to develop. A. takes on B. carries on C. puts on D. depends on 3．（2024·江苏常州中考真题）In a word, the loong ____50____ (love) widely by Chinese people and can be found everywhere in Chinese daily life. 4．（2024·江苏连云港中考真题）UNICEF helps build a better world for everyone, _________ children all over the world. A. probably B. luckily C. especially D. closely 5．（2024·江苏连云港中考真题）As a Chinese traditional martial art (武术), Taijiquan _________ to more than 150 countries all over the world so far. A. spreads B. is spreading C. will spread D. has spread 6．（2024·江苏连云港中考真题）Keeping exercise every day will ________ to our health. 7．（2024·江苏宿迁中考真题）In Switzerland, a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes, people _______ its rich resources to live. A. carry on B. try on C. depend on D. put on 8．（2024·江苏扬州中考真题）If salt is ________ onto the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃. (spread) 9．（2024·江苏扬州中考真题）My father always ________ clothes shopping, for he doesn’t care about his clothing. (避免) 考点2 易混词辨析 1. be used as和be used for 【易混辨析】 1) 短语：be used as…意为“被用作……” 2) be used for…意为“被用来……” 【例句】 · The plane is also used as a training centre.这个飞机也被用作训练中心。 · In many countries English is used as a second language.在许多国家，英语被用作第二语言。 · The knife is used for cutting things.小刀是用来切割东西的。 2.treat和cure 【易混辨析】 treat 宾语时人、某种疾病或发病的部位，强调治疗的过程，指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思 The dentist is treating my teeth. 牙科医生正在给我看牙。 cure 宾语可以是人，也可以是某种疾病，强调治疗的结果，指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病 This medicine will cure your toothache. 这种药可治好你的牙疼。 【拓展】 treat用作及物动词，还可意为“对待；看待；把……看作”，treat…as…意为“把……看作……”。 【例句】 · Now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured.现在大多数的眼部问题和疾病可以被治疗和治愈。 · The doctor is treating him.医生正在给他治疗。 · Don’t treat me as a kid.别把我当孩子看待。 3.run out和run out of 【易混辨析】 这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。 run out 其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词，后面不能跟宾语 Water will run out some day if we don’t save it. run out of 表示主动含义，主语一般为人，后面必须跟宾语，意为“把……用完” Peter ran out of his money yesterday. 【例句】 · These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out.有很多新型能源花费较少而且永不枯竭。 · Our food was run out of no long before.我们的食物不久就吃光了。 1.He said his money_______(用光). So he felt it very hard to make a living. 2.The medicine can ________(治愈) your illness. So you don’t have to give up. 3.这个电脑是用来搜索信息的。 ________________________________________________________________________ 4.这个房间是用来作为储存旧书的地方。 _________________________________________________________________________ 考点3 重点句型 1. What’s the matter? 【重点句型】询问“发生了什么事？”句式 句中的matter用作可数名词，意为“事情；问题；毛病”。What’s the matter (with sb.)?意为“（某人）怎么了？”相当于“What’s wrong (with sb.)?”，也可用“What’s the trouble (with sb.)?”或“What has happened (to sb.)?”来表示。 【拓展】matter不及物动词，意为“有关系；要紧”，一般用于否定句或疑问句。 【例句】 · What is wrong with you?=What is the matter with you?=What happened to you? 你怎么了？ · It doesn’t matter.没关系。 2. so she made up her mind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work. 【重点句型】“下定决心做某事” make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，相当于decide to do sth. 【例句】 · He made up his mind to return to his hometown.他决定返回他的家乡。 · I have made up my mind to be an English teacher.我已经下定决心成为一名英语老师。 3.She is getting used to travelling by plane. 【重点句型】be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事, used to do sth过去常常做某事.与be used to do sth.被用来做某事 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 used to do sth. 过去经常做某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 【例句】 · His father is used to watching TV before going to bed. · The boy used to play computer games. · More and more wood is used to make paper. 4. treat something used so that it can be used again 【重点句型】so that 引导的目的状语从句 so that意为“以便，为了”常引导目的状语从句，该从句的谓语动词常和can, may, should等情态动词连用。 【拓展】so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 【例句】 · My father wants to buy a bike for me so that I can arrive at school very soon.我父亲想给我买一辆自行车以便我能够很快到达学校。 · I was too tired to go any further.=I was so tired that I couldn’t go any further.我太累了，不能再走了。 5.As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution. 【重点句型】as well as“就远原则” as well as连接两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词采用就远原则。 【例句】 · The teacher, as well as the students, has a good time at the party. · He speaks English as well as Chinese. 6.All of us will have a chance to think about the world around us. 【重点句型】“有机会做某事”have a chance to do sth 1）have a chance to do sth. = have a chance of doing sth.意为“有机会做某事”。 2）think about意为“考虑；思考”，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 【例句】 · I had a chance to go to Beijing.去年我有一个去北京的机会。 · I will think about this thing.我会考虑这件事的。 7.Coal, oil and natural gas are not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories. 【重点句型】“不仅…而且…”就近原则 not only…but (also)…意为“不但……而且……”，其中also可省略，可连接句子的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等成分，它连接主语时，谓语动词的数要与邻近的主语保持一致。 【例句】 · He can not only play the guitar but also play the piano.他不仅会弹钢琴，还会拉小提琴。 · Not only I but also Tom likes watching TV.不仅我，而且汤姆也喜欢看电视。 1.（2025·江苏常州·中考真题）—Do you know ________ Qu Qiubai ________ Zhang Tailei were born in Changzhou? —Yes. They made great contributions to China and their hometown, Changzhou. A. either; or B. not only; but also C. neither; nor D. both; and 2. Not only his brother but also I_____(be) fond of playing football。 考点4 重点语法 1.被动语态在不同时态下的结构转换 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做)，用by连接动作执行者 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事) 主要结构：be + 过去分词 【语法概述】 一）、一般现在时的被动语态 现在时的被动语态构成：（am/is/are +done）如： This shirt is washed once a week. 这件T恤一周洗一次。 I am asked to study hard. 我被要求努力学习。 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀被用来割东西的。 These songs are usually sung by boys. 这些歌曲通常是男生唱的 一般现在时的主动语态变被动语态： 1） Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week. 2） This factory produces machine tools. → Machine tools are produced in this factory. 3） They often make fun of her. → She is often made fun of. 4）We clean our classroom every day. → Our classroom is cleaned by us every day. 5）Do you wash your clothes very often? → Are your clothes washed very often? 6）Most people in the USA speak English. → English is spoken by most people in the USA. 7) People speak English in many countries. → English is spoken in many countries. 8) Do you often clean your room? → Is your room often cleaned by you? 二）、一般过去时的被动语态 主语(动作承受者) + was / were + 过去分词(+ by + 施动者)构成。 与主动语态相比,被动语态中主语是谓语动作的执行者。 句型格式：was / were + done 【例句】 · I was taught by Miss Zhao last year. · Those letters were written by a famous writer. 三）、被动语态的一般将来时的构成： 1) will be done 其否定句是在will 后加not, 疑问句是将will 提至主语前。 She _____will be sent______(send) to Oxford University by our college next term. 2)be going to be done 其否定式在be后面加not, 疑问句是将be提至主语前。 You ___will be invited______(invite) to the party by him next week. 【例句】 · The sports meeting _____C_____ next month. A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held · The food ____will be eaten_____(eat) by the dog soon. 3. He __will be taken_____(take) to hospital in a few minutes. 2.被动语态特殊情况 1、短语动词变被动，原有的介词或副词不能省； We should speak to the old men politely. → The old men should be spoken to politely. 2、感观动词&使役动词变被动语态需还原“to” We made the girl stay at home. → The girl was made to stay at home. 3、有双宾语的： a. 人宾作主语，物宾照抄; b. 物宾作主语，用“to”或“for”连接人宾 She gave me a book. → I was given a book. → A book was given to me . 4、有宾补的：将宾语变主语，宾补不动 We saw him sitting there. → He was seen sitting there by us. 5、主动表被动的短语：be worth doing, want/need/require doing This book is worth reading. My bike needs repairing 6、不能用被动语态的情况（该语法点可用来淘汰错误选项） A、宾语为反身代词或each other B、宾语是不定式或动名词 C、谓语动词为不及物动词 1.（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）The mini-programme “Clear Plate” is popular among young people. It ________ to help deal with food waste. A. will design B. will be designed C. designs D. is designed 2.（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）Also, her father ____48____ (choose) to play a role by a director in a TV series based on Red Star Over China. 3（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）He fell from the ship. He ____58____ (save) by a boatman. 4. （2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）It ________ (make) up of a few old towns and villages. 5. （2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hundreds of factories ________ (encourage) to move away or close between 2005 and 2015. 6. （2025·江苏徐州·中考真题）In the past, it ____58____ (take) a long time to download a video, but now it can ____59____ (do) in just a few seconds over 5G-A. 7. （2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________. A. wastes B. is wasted C. wasted D. was wasted 8．（2024·江苏连云港中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 9．（2024·江苏宿迁中考真题）—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week. —Great! I’m looking forward to it! A. holds B. is held C. was held D. will be held 10．（2024·江苏无锡中考真题）This stone bridge ________ (build) over 800 years ago. 11．（2024·江苏徐州中考真题）When my grandfather was a boy, he liked writing with a fountain pen. His first short story ___51___ (write) with a silver fountain pen. 12．（2024·江苏扬州中考真题）As we all know, the Yangtze River ________ as a “mother river” of the Chinese nation. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 （2024·江苏无锡·中考真题） 38. I won’t let you go _________ (除非) you tell me the truth. 39. Be more careful! A ________ (过失) is as good as a mile. 40. The work is very ________ (累人的), but nobody complains about it. 41. The 2024 Wuxi Marathon was covered _________ (现场直播) on TV. 根据句意，在答题卡对应题号的横线上，写出括号内所给单词的适当形式， 42. The AI technology is ________ (rapid) changing all the time. 43. The traditional Chinese folk music has a ________ (last) value. 44. The father is always a real ________ (fight) in the little kid’s heart. 45. Jim has gone to bed? This is very _________ (usual). He always stays up late. 二、单项选择 （2024·江苏徐州·中考真题） 1. In the picture, the boy is ________. A. making the bed B. mopping the floor C. cleaning the table D. washing the dishes 2. —________ do the notebooks cost? —They are five yuan each. A. How much B. How many C. How often D. How long 3. Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time. A. sporting B. shopping C. dressing D. eating 4. —Who was calling you on the phone just now? —________ was my cousin A. He B. She C. It D. This 5. How amazing! Human workers pick tea fast. Those tea-picking robots work even ________. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 6. If you are lazy in spring, you ________ nothing in autumn. A. harvested B. will harvest C. are harvesting D. have harvested 7. Simon is ________. He believes he can win the first prize in the speaking competition. A. generous B. curious C. confident D. modest 8. I am planning to ________ the new hobby in the summer holiday. I won’t spend my spare time on my mobile phone all day long. A. pick up B. turn up C. get up D. look up 9. Look at the black clouds. They are a sure ________ of rain. A. chance B. view C. sign D. idea 10. Fan Jinshi has ________ a large part of her life to researching and protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves. She is known to many as the “Daughter of Dunhuang”. A. paid B. donated C. brought D. devoted 三、完形填空 （2024·江苏无锡·中考真题） One day, our teacher, Mr. Sims, announced that the seventh grade field trip would be to a theme park. The classroom was filled with excitement as the girls discussed what they would wear and what they should bring with them. I sat back and listened, knowing that my parents did not have the money to send me. It made me ___15___ to feel so left out. But not Danny. He simply told everyone that he wouldn’t be going. When Mr. Sims asked him ___16___, Danny stood up and said, “It’s too much money for me. My dad hurt his back and has been out of ___17___ for a while. I’m not asking my parents for money.” Sitting back down in his seat, Danny held his head up ___18___, even though whispering had already begun. I could only sit quietly in my seat, knowing those ___19___ could be about me when they found out I would not be going either. “Dan, I’m very proud of you for ___20___ the situation that your parents are in,” Mr. Sims replied. Seeing the students whispering in the back, Mr. Sims spoke again, only ___21___. “This year, we’re going to do things differently. The trip is not until the end of the month, so there’s plenty of time for money ___22___. Each student must bring in at least one idea for that. If a student doesn’t want to help, then he or she will be staying here that day. Any ___23___?” Of course, Shelly, the most popular girl in the class, spoke up. “Well, Mr. Sims, my parents can ____24____ it. Do I still have to help?” “Shelly, this is not a matter of being rich or poor. Money is not just something that is handed to you when you get older. This will be a great learning experience for everyone, whether you have the money or not.” 15. A. bored B. angry C. relaxed D. happy 16. A. how B. when C. why D. what 17. A. work B. town C. hope D. time 18. A. excitedly B. proudly C. worriedly D. politely 19. A. secrets B. changes C. praises D. whispers 20. A. understanding B. describing C. explaining D. announcing 21. A. faster B. slower C. louder D. quieter 22. A. lending B. making C. spending D. raising 23. A. ideas B. questions C. plans D. suggestions 24. A. afford B. cancel C. return D. share （1）重点单词的含义和用法 left、especially、basic、education、spread、case、cure、medical、treatment、afford、on board、patient、operate、proud、carry on with、hand out、hold、set up、organize、serious、separate、cause、recycle、allow、otherwise、punish、depend on、wisely\make a difference、keep…in place （2）易混词辨析 be used as和be used for; treat和cure; run out和run out of （3）句型精讲 what’s wrong with sb?句式；make up one’s mind to do sth句型；三个use的句式；so that引导的目的状语从句；as well as就远原则；have a chance to do sth句式；not only…but also就近原则 （4）单元语法 被动语态的结构和在不同时态下的转换、被动语态的特殊情况 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 八下Units7-8（复习讲义）（译林版教材梳理） 目 录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 02·思维导图·网络构建 03·考点通关·靶向突破 考点1 重点词汇 考点2 易混词辨析 考点3 重点句型 考点4 重点语法 04·优题精选·练能提分 考点 课标要求 复习目标 重点单词 · 掌握重点词汇left、especially、basic、education、spread、case、cure、medical、treatment、afford、on board、patient、operate、proud、carry on with、hand out、hold、set up、organize、serious、separate、cause、recycle、allow、otherwise、punish、depend on、wisely\make a difference、keep…in place等单词的用法 1. 重点词汇会写会用 2. 易混词会在不同语境中熟练应用 3. 熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态 4. 熟练被动语态的特殊情况 易混词辨析 · 掌握be used as和be used for; treat和cure; run out和run out of 等易混词辨析 重点句型 · 掌握what’s wrong with sb?句型用法 · 掌握make up one’s mind to do sth句型 · 掌握三个use的句式 · 掌握so that引导的目的状语从句 · 掌握as well as就远原则 · 掌握have a chance to do sth句式 · 掌握not only…but also就近原则 重点语法 · 掌握被动语态的基本构成和在不同时态下的转换 · 掌握被动语态的特殊情况 命题预测 单词、易混词辨析和句型会融合到各种题型中考查。 被动语态是中考的必考点之一。且不同时态下的被动语态结构和主动表示被动是高频考点，主要在单项选择、单词拼写、选词填空和语法填空中考查。 考点1 重点词汇 1.left 【教材原文】You have some pocket money left. 【主要用法】 1）此处left是leave的过去分词，意为“剩下的”。 2）left放在名词或者不定代词的后面。 【例句】 · At the end of the party, there was some food left. 聚会结束的时候，我们还剩下些食物。 · I have no money left. Could you lend some to me? 2.especially 【教材原文】It helps build a better world for everyone, especially children all over the world. 【主要用法】 especially副词，意为“特别，尤其”，是especial的副词形式；especial形容词，意为“特别的，特殊的”。 【例句】 · I am very busy especially at the weekend.我在周末特别忙。 · This is a special day.这是一个特别的日子。 3.basic和education 【教材原文】It provides basic education for children in poor areas. 【主要用法】 1）basic形容词，意为“基础的，基本的” 2）education不可数名词，意为“教育” 【例句】 · Everyone should get the basic rights.每一个人都应该得到基本的权利。 · Children must receive education.孩子必须接受教育。 【拓展】 ①educate动词，意为“教育；培养”，短语：educate sb. to do sth. 意为“教育某人做某事”。 ②educator意为“教育工作者；教育家”。 【例句】 · You should educate your son to be kind to others.你应该教育你儿子对他人友好。 · Tao Xingzhi is a great educator.陶行知是一位伟大的教育家。 4.spread 【教材原文】It also works to prevent the spread of some serious diseases, like AIDS, among young people. 【主要用法】 1）句中的spread用作名词，意为“分布；扩散；展开”。 2）spread（spread, spread）既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意为“展开；传播；散布”。 【例句】 · You should realize the importance of spreading education.你应该意识到教育普及的重要性。 · He spread the map.他展开了地图。 · The news spread quickly.这个消息很快被传播开来。 5.case和cure 【教材原文】mostly in poor areas, and about 80 percent of these cases can be prevented or cured. 【主要用法】 1）case可数名词，意为“病例；案例”。 3）cure及物动词，意为“治愈，矫正”。 3）cure sb. of one’s illness 意为“治好某人的疾病”。 【例句】 · This is a fever case.这是一个发烧的病例。 · Can you cure the sick child? 你能治愈这个生病的孩子吗？ · This special kind of medicine cured him of his headache.这种特别的药治好了他的头疼。 6.medical和treatment 【教材原文】However, many people don’t have money for medical treatment. 【主要用法】 1）medical形容词，意为“医学的，医疗的”。 2）treatment可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词，意为“治疗”。 under treatment 正在治疗中 【例句】 · His mother works in a medical hospital.他妈妈在一家医学院工作。 · He had to give up the medical treatment. Because he used up all the money.他不得不放弃医学治疗，因为他用完了所有的钱。 7.afford 【教材原文】Many of our patients can’t afford to go to school. 【主要用法】 1）afford及物动词，意为“买得起；能做；承担得起”，后面接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。 2）go to hospital意为“去看病”，而不能译成“去医院”，类似的还有：go to school 去上学；如果表示去医院）看病人或做其他的事），则应说成go to a / the hospital；同样如果表示“去学校（找人或做其他的事）”则应说成go to the school. 【例句】 · This house is so expensive that I can’t afford to buy it.这所房子这么贵，我买不起。 · She can’t afford the cost of her daughter’s education. 她支付不起她女儿的教育费用。 · He had a cold. But he didn’t want to go to hospital.他感冒了，但是他不想去看病。 · Yesterday he went to the hospital to visit his teacher.昨天他去医院看望了他的老师。 8.on board 【教材原文】Also, local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations. 【主要用法】 短语：on board 意为“在飞机（船、火车）上” 【例句】 · When you are on board, you should turn off your phone.当你上了飞机，你应该关掉手机。 · I am on board now. 我现在在登船。 9.patient和operate 【教材原文】During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on. 【主要用法】 1）patient在句中作可数名词，意为“病人，患者”。也可以作为形容词，意思是“耐心的” 2）operate不及物动词，意为“开刀；做手术”，短语：operate on sb. 意为“给某人做手术”。 【例句】 · As a doctor, you should be patient with all the patients.作为一名医生，你应该对所有的病人有耐心。 · The doctor is operating on him.医生正在给他做手术。 10.proud 【教材原文】I’m proud to help people see again and improve their lives. 【主要用法】 1） proud形容词，意为“自豪的，骄傲的 2） 常见短语如下： be proud to do sth. 意为“以做某事而自豪” be proud of…意为“为……而自豪” 【例句】 · All the players are proud to take part in the match for their country.所有的运动员都以为他们的祖国比赛而自豪。 · They are proud of their son.他们为他们的儿子而自豪。 11.carry on with 【教材原文】But more money is needed to carry on with our work. 【主要用法】 短语：carry on with sth.意为“继续做某事”，相当于carry on doing sth.，go on doing sth.或continue doing sth.。 【例句】 · Let’s carry on with our work.让我们继续工作吧。 · He carried on playing football with me. 他继续和我踢足球。 12.hand out 【教材原文】The teacher handed them out to the students. 【主要用法】 1）短语：hand out意为“分发；发出”；其反义词组为hand in，意为“上交”。 2）注意：短语hand out与hand in的宾语如果是名词，可放在短语中间或者后面；如果宾语时人称代词，只能放在短语的中间。也就是hand it out或者hand it in。 【例句】 · I am helping my teacher hand out the papers.我正在帮助老师分发试卷。 · You must hand in your homework before the class.你必须在上课以前上交作业。 13. hold 【教材原文】The 29th Olympic Games was held in Beijing in 2008.第29届奥林匹克运动会是2008年在北京举行的。 【主要用法】 1）hold及物动词，意为“举行”，其过去式为held，过去分词为held。 2）hold作及物动词，还有以下含义： ①意为“容纳”。 ②意为“握住；抓住”。 【例句】 · This room can hold more than 100 students.这间教室能容纳100多名学生。 · He held his father’s hands.他握住他爸爸的手。 · Our school will hold the sports meeting nest week.我们学校下周将举行运动会。 14. set up 【教材原文】Oxfam was set up in the UK in 1942… 【主要用法】 1）set（set, set）既是及物动词，又是不及物动词，意为“创建，建立”，set up在此意为“建立”。 2）set up还意为“搭建；建起”。 注意：set up的宾语如果是代词，只能将其放在set up的中间；如果是名词，可以放在set up的中间，也可以放在set up的后面。 【例句】 · Let’s put up the tent together.让我们先搭建起帐篷吧。 · The school was set up in 1999.这所学校在1999年被建成。 15. organize 【教材原文】UNICEF raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other activities. 【主要用法】 organize及物动词，意为“组织”，其名词形式为organization. 【例句】 · Our school often organize different activities.我们学校经常组织不同的活动。 · This is an organization to help poor people.这是一个帮助穷困人的组织。 16. serious 【教材原文】Are you serious? 【主要用法】 1）serious形容词，意为“认真的，严肃的”。在句中作定语或表语。 2）be serious about sb. / sth. 对某人/某事是认真的 3）seriously副词，意为“认真地，严肃地，严重地”。 【例句】 · I want to have a serious talk with you.我想认真地跟你谈一谈。 · The old man looks very serious.那个老人看起来很严肃。 · You should be serious about your work.你应该认真工作。 · That girl is seriously ill. We must send her to the hospital at once.那个女孩病情严重。我们必须马上送她去医院。 17.cause 【教材原文】this causes serious air pollution. 【主要用法】 1）句子中的cause用作及物动词，意为“导致；造成”，其后可直接用造成的结果或发生的事情作宾语，也可接双宾语。 2）cause用作及物动词，还可意为“使，迫使”，其后通常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。 3）cause用作可数名词，意为“原因；起因”。 【例句】 · The good news made him very happy.这个好消息使他很开心。 · Driving after drinking wine is one of the causes in the traffic accidents.酒后驾车是交通事故最常见的起因之一。 18.separate和recycle 【教材原文】In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. 【主要用法】 1）句中的separate用作及物动词，意为“分开，隔开”；separate…into意为“把……分成”，其被动形式为be separated into，意为“被分成”。 2）separate…from…意为“把……和……分开；把……与……分离”。 3）recycle及物动词，意为“回收利用，循环利用”。 注意：recycle的名词形式是recycling，意为“回收利用，循环利用”。 【例句】 · We separate them into 6 groups.咱们把他们分成六个组吧。 · Please separate the white shirt from the black shirt.请把白衬衫与黑衬衫分开。 · We should try our best to recycle all the waste paper and reuse them.我们应该尽力把所有废纸回收再利用。 19.allow和otherwise和punish 【教材原文】For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. Otherwise, we will be punished. 【主要用法】 1）allow及物动词，意为“允许，准许”，常用于下列结构中： allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事；allow sb. not to do sth. 允许某人不做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 2）otherwise副词，意为“否则；不然”，相当于or（否则）或if not. 3）punish v.惩罚 【例句】 · The teacher allows him to go into the classroom.老师允许他进教室。 · We don’t allow smoking in public.我们不允许在公共场合吸烟。 · In the library you are not allowed to eat food.在图书馆你不准吃东西。 · We should go early. Otherwise, we may not catch the early bus.我们得早点儿去，要不然就可能赶不上早班车。 20.depend on 和wisely 【教材原文】We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely. 【主要用法】 1）depend on意为“依靠；取决于；视……而定”，其后跟名词、代词或从句。 2）wisely副词，意为“明智地，充满智慧地”。其形容词形式为wise，意为“明智的，充满智慧的”。 【例句】 · Your future depends on your action.你的将来取决于你现在的行动。 · You should wisely make use of your spare time.你应当明智地利用你的业余时间。 · She finally made a wise decision.她最后做了个明智的决定。 21.make a difference 【教材原文】Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference! 【主要用法】 1）difference可数名词，意为“差别，差异” 2）make a difference (to sb. / sth.) 意为“（对某人/某事）有影响，起作用” 【例句】 · Does the bad news make a difference to your work? 这个坏消息对你的工作有影响吗？ · What you said made a difference to me yesterday. 你昨天说的话对我有影响。 22.keep….in place 【教材原文】Trees also help keep soil in place during storms. 【主要用法】 短语：in place此处意为“在正确位置”。 【例句】 · She is used to keeping all the things in place.她习惯放好一切东西。 · Please keep the book in place after you read it. 读完这本书后请放回原处。 1．（2025·江苏常州中考真题）I’m also ____53____ (pride) to see my works get better and better. 【答案】53. proud 【解析】 句意：我也为自己的作品不断进步而感到自豪。此处在句中作表语，用形容词proud“骄傲的”。故填proud。 2．（2024·江苏常州中考真题）—Which school club should I choose? —It ______ what skills you want to develop. A. takes on B. carries on C. puts on D. depends on 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——我应该选择哪个学校俱乐部呢？——这取决于你想要培养什么技能。 考查动词短语。takes on呈现；carries on继续，开展；puts on穿上；depends on取决于。根据“what skills you want to develop”可知，加入哪个俱乐部取决于你想要培养什么技能。故选D。 3．（2024·江苏常州中考真题）In a word, the loong ____50____ (love) widely by Chinese people and can be found everywhere in Chinese daily life. 【答案】50. is loved 【解析】句意：总之，龙被中国人广泛喜爱，并且在中国的日常生活中随处可见。句子主语the loong与动词love之间是被动关系，描述的是现在的情况，用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”，主语为三单，be动词应用is。故填is loved。 4．（2024·江苏连云港中考真题）UNICEF helps build a better world for everyone, _________ children all over the world. A. probably B. luckily C. especially D. closely 【答案】C 【解析】句意：联合国儿童基金会帮助为每个人，特别是全世界的儿童，建设一个更美好的世界。 考查副词辨析。probably可能；luckily幸运地；especially尤其；closely紧密地。根据“children all over the world.”可知此处强调全世界的儿童，especially符合。故选C。 5．（2024·江苏连云港中考真题）As a Chinese traditional martial art (武术), Taijiquan _________ to more than 150 countries all over the world so far. A. spreads B. is spreading C. will spread D. has spread 【答案】D 【解析】句意：太极拳作为中国传统武术，迄今已传播到世界150多个国家。 考查动词时态。根据“so far”可知，时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选D。 6．（2024·江苏连云港中考真题）Keeping exercise every day will ________ to our health. 【答案】56. make a difference 【解析】句意：每天坚持锻炼会对我们的健康产生影响。根据“Keeping exercise every day will...to our health”可知每天坚持锻炼会对我们的健康产生影响，make a difference“产生影响”，will后加动词原形。故填make a difference。 7．（2024·江苏宿迁中考真题）In Switzerland, a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes, people _______ its rich resources to live. A. carry on B. try on C. depend on D. put on 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在瑞士，一个拥有高山和清澈的蓝色湖泊的国家，人们依靠其丰富的资源来生存。 考查动词短语辨析。carry on继续做；try on试穿；depend on依靠；put on穿上。根据“...people...its rich resources to live.”可知，瑞士人依靠其丰富的资源来生存，故选C。 8．（2024·江苏扬州中考真题）If salt is ________ onto the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃. (spread) 【答案】spread 【解析】句意：如果把盐撒在冰上，冰点温度就会低于0℃。spread“传播，散开”，动词。此处指盐被撒到冰上，是被动语态，spread用其过去分词形式，其过去分词形式是spread。故填spread。 9．（2024·江苏扬州中考真题）My father always ________ clothes shopping, for he doesn’t care about his clothing. (避免) 【答案】avoids 【解析】句意：我父亲总是避免买衣服，因为他不在乎自己的衣服。avoid“避免”，动词。根据“always”可知，本句描述经常性动作，应为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用其单三形式。故填avoids。 考点2 易混词辨析 1. be used as和be used for 【易混辨析】 1) 短语：be used as…意为“被用作……” 2) be used for…意为“被用来……” 【例句】 · The plane is also used as a training centre.这个飞机也被用作训练中心。 · In many countries English is used as a second language.在许多国家，英语被用作第二语言。 · The knife is used for cutting things.小刀是用来切割东西的。 2.treat和cure 【易混辨析】 treat 宾语时人、某种疾病或发病的部位，强调治疗的过程，指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思 The dentist is treating my teeth. 牙科医生正在给我看牙。 cure 宾语可以是人，也可以是某种疾病，强调治疗的结果，指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病 This medicine will cure your toothache. 这种药可治好你的牙疼。 【拓展】 treat用作及物动词，还可意为“对待；看待；把……看作”，treat…as…意为“把……看作……”。 【例句】 · Now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured.现在大多数的眼部问题和疾病可以被治疗和治愈。 · The doctor is treating him.医生正在给他治疗。 · Don’t treat me as a kid.别把我当孩子看待。 3.run out和run out of 【易混辨析】 这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。 run out 其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词，后面不能跟宾语 Water will run out some day if we don’t save it. run out of 表示主动含义，主语一般为人，后面必须跟宾语，意为“把……用完” Peter ran out of his money yesterday. 【例句】 · These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out.有很多新型能源花费较少而且永不枯竭。 · Our food was run out of no long before.我们的食物不久就吃光了。 1.He said his money_______(用光). So he felt it very hard to make a living. 【答案】ran out 【解析】考查动词短语run out，意思是“用光，用完”，在这里无被动语态形式。 2.The medicine can ________(治愈) your illness. So you don’t have to give up. 【答案】cure 【解析】考查动词cure，意思是“治愈”。 3.这个电脑是用来搜索信息的。 ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The computer is used for searching for information. 【解析】考查动词短语be used for doing sth, 意思是“被用来做某事”。 4.这个房间是用来作为储存旧书的地方。 _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The room is used as a place to store old books. 【解析】考查短语be used as，意思是“被用作…”。 考点3 重点句型 1. What’s the matter? 【重点句型】询问“发生了什么事？”句式 句中的matter用作可数名词，意为“事情；问题；毛病”。What’s the matter (with sb.)?意为“（某人）怎么了？”相当于“What’s wrong (with sb.)?”，也可用“What’s the trouble (with sb.)?”或“What has happened (to sb.)?”来表示。 【拓展】matter不及物动词，意为“有关系；要紧”，一般用于否定句或疑问句。 【例句】 · What is wrong with you?=What is the matter with you?=What happened to you? 你怎么了？ · It doesn’t matter.没关系。 2. so she made up her mind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work. 【重点句型】“下定决心做某事” make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，相当于decide to do sth. 【例句】 · He made up his mind to return to his hometown.他决定返回他的家乡。 · I have made up my mind to be an English teacher.我已经下定决心成为一名英语老师。 3.She is getting used to travelling by plane. 【重点句型】be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事, used to do sth过去常常做某事.与be used to do sth.被用来做某事 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 used to do sth. 过去经常做某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 【例句】 · His father is used to watching TV before going to bed. · The boy used to play computer games. · More and more wood is used to make paper. 4. treat something used so that it can be used again 【重点句型】so that 引导的目的状语从句 so that意为“以便，为了”常引导目的状语从句，该从句的谓语动词常和can, may, should等情态动词连用。 【拓展】so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 【例句】 · My father wants to buy a bike for me so that I can arrive at school very soon.我父亲想给我买一辆自行车以便我能够很快到达学校。 · I was too tired to go any further.=I was so tired that I couldn’t go any further.我太累了，不能再走了。 5.As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution. 【重点句型】as well as“就远原则” as well as连接两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词采用就远原则。 【例句】 · The teacher, as well as the students, has a good time at the party. · He speaks English as well as Chinese. 6.All of us will have a chance to think about the world around us. 【重点句型】“有机会做某事”have a chance to do sth 1）have a chance to do sth. = have a chance of doing sth.意为“有机会做某事”。 2）think about意为“考虑；思考”，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 【例句】 · I had a chance to go to Beijing.去年我有一个去北京的机会。 · I will think about this thing.我会考虑这件事的。 7.Coal, oil and natural gas are not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories. 【重点句型】“不仅…而且…”就近原则 not only…but (also)…意为“不但……而且……”，其中also可省略，可连接句子的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等成分，它连接主语时，谓语动词的数要与邻近的主语保持一致。 【例句】 · He can not only play the guitar but also play the piano.他不仅会弹钢琴，还会拉小提琴。 · Not only I but also Tom likes watching TV.不仅我，而且汤姆也喜欢看电视。 1.（2025·江苏常州·中考真题）—Do you know ________ Qu Qiubai ________ Zhang Tailei were born in Changzhou? —Yes. They made great contributions to China and their hometown, Changzhou. A. either; or B. not only; but also C. neither; nor D. both; and 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你知道瞿秋白和张太雷都是在常州出生的吗？——知道。他们为中国的建设以及他们的家乡常州做出了巨大的贡献。 考查并列连词辨析。either...or...要么……要么……；not only...but also...不仅……而且……；neither...nor...既不……也不……；both...and...既……又……。根据“Do you know ... Qu Qiubai ... Zhang Tailei were born in Changzhou?”和“were”可知，此处表示两个人都是在常州出生的，且谓语动词使用复数形式。故选D。 2. Not only his brother but also I_____(be) fond of playing football。 【答案】is 【解析】考查就近原则，not only…but also…意思是“不仅…而且…”。 考点4 重点语法 1.被动语态在不同时态下的结构转换 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做)，用by连接动作执行者 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事) 主要结构：be + 过去分词 【语法概述】 一）、一般现在时的被动语态 现在时的被动语态构成：（am/is/are +done）如： This shirt is washed once a week. 这件T恤一周洗一次。 I am asked to study hard. 我被要求努力学习。 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀被用来割东西的。 These songs are usually sung by boys. 这些歌曲通常是男生唱的 一般现在时的主动语态变被动语态： 1） Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week. 2） This factory produces machine tools. → Machine tools are produced in this factory. 3） They often make fun of her. → She is often made fun of. 4）We clean our classroom every day. → Our classroom is cleaned by us every day. 5）Do you wash your clothes very often? → Are your clothes washed very often? 6）Most people in the USA speak English. → English is spoken by most people in the USA. 7) People speak English in many countries. → English is spoken in many countries. 8) Do you often clean your room? → Is your room often cleaned by you? 二）、一般过去时的被动语态 主语(动作承受者) + was / were + 过去分词(+ by + 施动者)构成。 与主动语态相比,被动语态中主语是谓语动作的执行者。 句型格式：was / were + done 【例句】 · I was taught by Miss Zhao last year. · Those letters were written by a famous writer. 三）、被动语态的一般将来时的构成： 1) will be done 其否定句是在will 后加not, 疑问句是将will 提至主语前。 She _____will be sent______(send) to Oxford University by our college next term. 2)be going to be done 其否定式在be后面加not, 疑问句是将be提至主语前。 You ___will be invited______(invite) to the party by him next week. 【例句】 · The sports meeting _____C_____ next month. A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held · The food ____will be eaten_____(eat) by the dog soon. 3. He __will be taken_____(take) to hospital in a few minutes. 2.被动语态特殊情况 1、短语动词变被动，原有的介词或副词不能省； We should speak to the old men politely. → The old men should be spoken to politely. 2、感观动词&使役动词变被动语态需还原“to” We made the girl stay at home. → The girl was made to stay at home. 3、有双宾语的： a. 人宾作主语，物宾照抄; b. 物宾作主语，用“to”或“for”连接人宾 She gave me a book. → I was given a book. → A book was given to me . 4、有宾补的：将宾语变主语，宾补不动 We saw him sitting there. → He was seen sitting there by us. 5、主动表被动的短语：be worth doing, want/need/require doing This book is worth reading. My bike needs repairing 6、不能用被动语态的情况（该语法点可用来淘汰错误选项） A、宾语为反身代词或each other B、宾语是不定式或动名词 C、谓语动词为不及物动词 1.（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）The mini-programme “Clear Plate” is popular among young people. It ________ to help deal with food waste. A. will design B. will be designed C. designs D. is designed 【答案】D 【解析】句意：小程序“光盘”在年轻人中很受欢迎。它旨在帮助处理食物浪费。 考查时态和语态。主语it指代“这个小程序”，和动词design之间是被动关系，此处描述客观情况，句子用一般现在时，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故选D。 2.（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）Also, her father ____48____ (choose) to play a role by a director in a TV series based on Red Star Over China. 【答案】48. was chosen 【解析】句意：此外，她的父亲被一位导演选中，在一部根据《红星照耀中国》改编的电视剧中扮演角色。主语“her father”与动词“choose”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且根据“About 40 years ago”可知，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语为单数，be动词用was，choose的过去分词为chosen。故填was chosen。 3（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）He fell from the ship. He ____58____ (save) by a boatman. 【答案】58. was saved 【解析】句意：他被一个船夫救了。根据“He...by a boatman.”以及所给单词可知，时态为一般过去时，陈述过去发生的事，主语He和动词save之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was，save的过去分词形式为saved。故填was saved。 4. （2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）It ________ (make) up of a few old towns and villages. 【答案】is made 【解析】句意：它由几个古老的城镇和村庄组成。根据“up of a few old towns and villages”可知，这里表示“由……组成”，用be made up of结构。结合句子是一般现在时态及句子主语It是第三人称单数可知，be动词要用is。故填is made。 5. （2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hundreds of factories ________ (encourage) to move away or close between 2005 and 2015. 【答案】were encouraged 【解析】句意：在2005年至2015年间，数百家工厂被鼓励搬迁或关闭。根据句子结构可知，主语“Hundreds of factories”与动词“encourage”之间是被动关系，且时间状语“between 2005 and 2015”表明动作发生在过去。因此，此处需要用被动语态的一般过去时形式。一般过去时的被动语态为“was/were + 过去分词”。由于主语是复数形式“Hundreds of factories”，be动词要用复数形式。故填were encouraged。 6. （2025·江苏徐州·中考真题）In the past, it ____58____ (take) a long time to download a video, but now it can ____59____ (do) in just a few seconds over 5G-A. 【答案】59. be done 【解析】句意：过去下载视频需要很长时间，但现在通过5G-A只需几秒即可完成。it指代“下载视频”，与do之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态，且情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be done。 7. （2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________. A. wastes B. is wasted C. wasted D. was wasted 【答案】B 【解析】句意：当你感觉到冷空气从窗户透进来时，能量就被浪费了。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“When you feel...”可知，句子是一般现在时，且主语“energy”和动词waste之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”，故选B。 8．（2024·江苏连云港中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 【答案】D 【解析】句意：2023年亚运会期间，机器狗首次被用作志愿者。 考查时态和语态。主语Robot dogs和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“during the 2023 Asian Games.”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 9．（2024·江苏宿迁中考真题）—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week. —Great! I’m looking forward to it! A. holds B. is held C. was held D. will be held 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——下周我们学校大礼堂将举办一场时装秀。——太棒了！我很期待。 考查时态和语态。主语A fashion show和谓语hold之间是被动关系，根据“next week”可知此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。 10．（2024·江苏无锡中考真题）This stone bridge ________ (build) over 800 years ago. 【答案】was built 【解析】句意：这座石桥建于800多年前。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“over 800 years ago”可知，是一般过去时的被动语态，故填was built。 11．（2024·江苏徐州中考真题）When my grandfather was a boy, he liked writing with a fountain pen. His first short story ___51___ (write) with a silver fountain pen. 【答案】51. was written 【解析】句意：他的第一篇短篇小说是用一支银色的钢笔写的。主语“His first short story”和动词“write”是被动关系，且本句是一般过去时，需用一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done)，主语是单数，be动词用was，write的过去分词为written。故填was written。 12．（2024·江苏扬州中考真题）As we all know, the Yangtze River ________ as a “mother river” of the Chinese nation. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known 【答案】C 【解析】句意：众所周知，长江被誉为中华民族的“母亲河”。 考查动词时态。长江是中华民族的“母亲河”，本句阐述事实，应为一般现在时。be known as“被称为，被认为是”，固定短语。故选C。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 （2024·江苏无锡·中考真题） 38. I won’t let you go _________ (除非) you tell me the truth. 【答案】unless 【解析】句意：我不会让你走，除非你告诉我真相。unless“除非”，连词，引导条件状语从句。故填unless。 39. Be more careful! A ________ (过失) is as good as a mile. 【答案】miss 【解析】句意：小心点！失之毫厘，差之千里。miss“过失”，A修饰可数名词单数，故填miss。 40. The work is very ________ (累人的), but nobody complains about it. 【答案】tiring 【解析】句意：工作很累，但没有人抱怨。tiring“累人的”，在句中作表语，故填tiring。 41. The 2024 Wuxi Marathon was covered _________ (现场直播) on TV. 【答案】live 【解析】句意：2024年无锡马拉松比赛进行了电视直播。live“现场直播”，副词，修饰动词。故填live。 根据句意，在答题卡对应题号的横线上，写出括号内所给单词的适当形式， 42. The AI technology is ________ (rapid) changing all the time. 【答案】rapidly 【解析】句意：人工智能技术一直在快速变化。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式rapidly “快速地”。故填rapidly。 43. The traditional Chinese folk music has a ________ (last) value. 【答案】lasting 【解析】句意：中国传统民族音乐具有持久的价值。此处作定语修饰value，用形容词lasting “持久的”，故填lasting。 44. The father is always a real ________ (fight) in the little kid’s heart. 【答案】fighter 【解析】句意：在小孩子的心中，父亲永远是一个真正的斗士。根据“The father is always a real...in the little kid’s heart.”可知，父亲是一个斗士，fighter“斗士”，a修饰可数名词单数，故填fighter。 45. Jim has gone to bed? This is very _________ (usual). He always stays up late. 【答案】unusual 【解析】句意：吉姆上床睡觉了吗？这很不寻常。他总是熬夜。usual“通常的”，形容词。根据“He always stays up late.”可知，吉姆总是熬夜，所以他上床睡觉很不寻常。故用形容词unusual“不寻常的”作表语。故填unusual。 二、单项选择 （2024·江苏徐州·中考真题） 1. In the picture, the boy is ________. A. making the bed B. mopping the floor C. cleaning the table D. washing the dishes 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在这幅画中，男孩正在拖地。 考查短语辨析。making the bed铺床；mopping the floor拖地；cleaning the table擦桌子；washing the dishes洗碗。根据图片内容可知，男孩在拖地，故选B。 2. —________ do the notebooks cost? —They are five yuan each. A. How much B. How many C. How often D. How long 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——这些笔记本多少钱？——每本五元。 考查特殊疑问句。How much多少钱，提问价格；How many多少，修饰可数名词；How often 多久一次，提问频率；How long 多长时间，提问一段时间。根据回答“They are five yuan each.”可知，问句是询问价格，用How much提问。故选A。 3. Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time. A. sporting B. shopping C. dressing D. eating 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在20到30分钟内吃完一顿饭被普遍认为是理想的吃饭时间。 考查动名词辨析。sporting体育运动；shopping购物；dressing穿衣服；eating吃。根据“Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes”可知，是指吃饭的时间。故选D。 4. —Who was calling you on the phone just now? —________ was my cousin A. He B. She C. It D. This 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——刚才是谁给你打电话？——是我表妹。 考查代词辨析。He他；She她；It它；This这。根据“Who was calling you on the phone just now”可知，是询问对方是谁，指代不明身份的人常用代词it。故选C。 5. How amazing! Human workers pick tea fast. Those tea-picking robots work even ________. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 【答案】B 【解析】句意：太神奇了！人类工人采摘茶叶的速度很快。那些采茶机器人工作得更快。 考查副词比较级。程度副词even在此处修饰副词比较级，fast的比较级是faster“更快地”。故选B。 6. If you are lazy in spring, you ________ nothing in autumn. A. harvested B. will harvest C. are harvesting D. have harvested 【答案】B 【解析】句意：如果你在春天懒惰，秋天你将一无所获。 考查动词时态。If引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，主句需用一般将来时，其谓语动词结构为“will do”。故选B。 7. Simon is ________. He believes he can win the first prize in the speaking competition. A. generous B. curious C. confident D. modest 【答案】C 【解析】句意：西蒙很自信。他相信自己能在演讲比赛中赢得第一名。 考查形容词辨析。generous慷慨的；curious好奇的；confident自信的；modest谦虚的。根据句子中的“He believes he can win the first prize”可知，西蒙对自己有信心，故选C。 8. I am planning to ________ the new hobby in the summer holiday. I won’t spend my spare time on my mobile phone all day long. A. pick up B. turn up C. get up D. look up 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我打算在暑假里培养新的爱好。我不会把业余时间都花在玩手机上。 考查动词短语。pick up开始从事，学会，捡起；turn up调大；get up起床；look up查找。根据“the new hobby in the summer holiday.”可知，此处是指培养新爱好，应用pick up。故选A。 9. Look at the black clouds. They are a sure ________ of rain. A. chance B. view C. sign D. idea 【答案】C 【解析】句意：看看乌云，它们是要下雨的明显迹象。 考查名词辨析。chance机会；view看法；sign迹象；idea想法。根据“Look at the black clouds.”可知，此处是指乌云是要下雨的迹象。故选C。 10. Fan Jinshi has ________ a large part of her life to researching and protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves. She is known to many as the “Daughter of Dunhuang”. A. paid B. donated C. brought D. devoted 【答案】D 【解析】句意：樊锦诗将她生命中的很大一部分时间用于研究和保护古老的敦煌石窟。她被许多人称为“敦煌之女”。 考查动词辨析。paid支付；donated捐款；brought带来；devoted奉献。根据“a large part of her life to researching and protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves”可知，她一生中大部分时间都致力于研究和保护古老的敦煌石窟，devote to“致力于，献身于”，故选D。 三、完形填空 （2024·江苏无锡·中考真题） One day, our teacher, Mr. Sims, announced that the seventh grade field trip would be to a theme park. The classroom was filled with excitement as the girls discussed what they would wear and what they should bring with them. I sat back and listened, knowing that my parents did not have the money to send me. It made me ___15___ to feel so left out. But not Danny. He simply told everyone that he wouldn’t be going. When Mr. Sims asked him ___16___, Danny stood up and said, “It’s too much money for me. My dad hurt his back and has been out of ___17___ for a while. I’m not asking my parents for money.” Sitting back down in his seat, Danny held his head up ___18___, even though whispering had already begun. I could only sit quietly in my seat, knowing those ___19___ could be about me when they found out I would not be going either. “Dan, I’m very proud of you for ___20___ the situation that your parents are in,” Mr. Sims replied. Seeing the students whispering in the back, Mr. Sims spoke again, only ___21___. “This year, we’re going to do things differently. The trip is not until the end of the month, so there’s plenty of time for money ___22___. Each student must bring in at least one idea for that. If a student doesn’t want to help, then he or she will be staying here that day. Any ___23___?” Of course, Shelly, the most popular girl in the class, spoke up. “Well, Mr. Sims, my parents can ____24____ it. Do I still have to help?” “Shelly, this is not a matter of being rich or poor. Money is not just something that is handed to you when you get older. This will be a great learning experience for everyone, whether you have the money or not.” 15. A. bored B. angry C. relaxed D. happy 16. A. how B. when C. why D. what 17. A. work B. town C. hope D. time 18. A. excitedly B. proudly C. worriedly D. politely 19. A. secrets B. changes C. praises D. whispers 20. A. understanding B. describing C. explaining D. announcing 21. A. faster B. slower C. louder D. quieter 22. A. lending B. making C. spending D. raising 23. A. ideas B. questions C. plans D. suggestions 24. A. afford B. cancel C. return D. share 【答案】15. B 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的班级要去旅行，作者没有钱，且羞于承认。班级里同样没有钱去旅行的丹尼诚实勇敢地说明了自己的境况，获得了老师的称赞。最后老师让学生自己筹集资金来参加这次旅行。 【15题详解】 句意：感到如此被冷落让我很生气。 bored无聊的；angry生气的；relaxed放松的；happy开心的。根据“knowing that my parents did not have the money to send me…to feel so left out.”可知，作者没有钱去旅行，感到被冷落，所以生气。故选B。 【16题详解】 句意：当西姆斯先生问他为什么时，丹尼站起来说：“这对我来说太贵了。我爸爸伤了背，已经失业一段时间了。我不会向父母要钱。” how怎样；when什么时候；why为什么；what什么。根据“He simply told everyone that he wouldn’t be going.”及“It’s too much money for me…”可知，此处是老师询问丹尼为什么不能去旅行。故选C。 【17题详解】 句意：当西姆斯先生问他为什么时，丹尼站起来说：“这对我来说太贵了。我爸爸伤了背，已经失业一段时间了。我不会向父母要钱。” work工作；town城镇；hope希望；time时间。根据“My dad hurt his back and has been out of …for a while. I’m not asking my parents for money.”可知，丹尼父亲的背受伤了，已经失业了，所以丹尼不会向父母要钱。故选A。 【18题详解】 句意：丹尼在座位上坐了下来，骄傲地抬起头，尽管窃窃私语已经开始了。 excitedly兴奋地；proudly骄傲地；worriedly担忧地；politely有礼貌地。根据“Danny held his head up”及上文可知，丹尼诚实地告诉大家自己的境况，骄傲地抬起头。故选B。 19题详解】 句意：我只能安静地坐在座位上，知道如果他们发现我也去不了，那些窃窃私语可能就是针对我的。 secrets秘密；changes改变；praises称赞；whispers低语，私语。根据“even though whispering had already begun”可知，作者觉得如果同学们知道自己也没钱去旅行，那同学们也会窃窃私语。故选D。 【20题详解】 句意：“丹，你能理解你父母的处境，我为你感到骄傲，”西姆斯回答说。 understanding理解；describing描述；explaining解释；announcing宣布。根据“the situation that your parents are in”可知，丹尼理解父母的处境，所以放弃了旅行。故选A。 【21题详解】 句意：看到学生们在后面窃窃私语，西姆斯先生又说话了，只是声音更大了。 faster更快的；slower更慢的；louder更大声的；quieter更安静的。根据“Seeing the students whispering in the back, Mr. Sims spoke again”可知，同学们在窃窃私语，所以老师用更大声音说话。故选C。 【22题详解】 句意：这次旅行要到月底才开始，所以有足够的时间来筹集资金。 lending借出；making制作；spending花费；raising筹集。根据“The trip is not until the end of the month, so there’s plenty of time for money…”及下文“Well, Mr. Sims, my parents can…it. Do I still have to help?”可知，这次旅行的费用不再是同学们向自己的父母要，而是自己筹集资金。故选D。 【23题详解】 句意：有什么问题吗？ ideas想法；questions问题；plans计划；suggestions建议。根据下文“Well, Mr. Sims, my parents can…it. Do I still have to help?”可知，老师提出建议后，问同学们还有什么问题。故选B。 【24题详解】 句意：嗯，西姆斯先生，我父母负担得起。 afford负担得起；cancel取消；return返回；share分享。根据“Well, Mr. Sims, my parents can…it. Do I still have to help?”可知，谢莉觉得父母承担得起这次旅行的费用，所以询问自己是否还要参与到这次筹钱的活动中。故选A。 （1）重点单词的含义和用法 left、especially、basic、education、spread、case、cure、medical、treatment、afford、on board、patient、operate、proud、carry on with、hand out、hold、set up、organize、serious、separate、cause、recycle、allow、otherwise、punish、depend on、wisely\make a difference、keep…in place （2）易混词辨析 be used as和be used for; treat和cure; run out和run out of （3）句型精讲 what’s wrong with sb?句式；make up one’s mind to do sth句型；三个use的句式；so that引导的目的状语从句；as well as就远原则；have a chance to do sth句式；not only…but also就近原则 （4）单元语法 被动语态的结构和在不同时态下的转换、被动语态的特殊情况 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $