Unit 8 语法讲义-- 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语上册

该初中英语讲义围绕副词用法构建系统知识体系，通过分类表格梳理时间、地点等七类副词的常见词及用法，用对比表格明晰形容词与副词的修饰对象差异，结合规则表格归纳形容词变副词的转化规律，形成“概念定义-分类特征-转化规则-位置应用-比较等级”的递进脉络，突出重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“规则巩固+语境应用”的分层练习设计，如“用所给词的适当形式填空”中“blow gently”强化形容词变副词规则，单项选择第5题“most confidently”考查最高级语境运用，助力学生提升语言能力与逻辑思维品质。基础题夯实语法规则，综合题培养语境分析，教师可据此实施分层复习，提升教学精准度。

副词的用法 基本概念 1. 定义：副词是用来修饰动词，形容词，副词，句子等的一类词，在句子中通常做状语。 E.g.: Luckily, she had got another chance. The farmers are working hard in the field. He has served the farm faithfully for 20 years. 2. 常见副词的分类 种类 常见词 用法 时间副词 today; early; soon; now 通常位于句首或句末充当句子的时间状语 地点副词 here; there; home; abroad 动词和地点副词见不加“to” E.g.: go home; come here 频率副词 always; usually; often; sometimes; seldom; never 通常用于一般现在时，表示动作的频率 方式副词 well; fast; carefully; quickly 最常见的，修饰实意动词 程度副词 very; much; enough; rather; too; quite 通常翻译成“很”“非常”“太”“相当”修饰形容词，副词表示程度 否定副词 no; not; neither; nor 表示否定含义 疑问副词 when; where; why; how 指代时间，地点，原因，方式状语 副词与形容词的关系 1. 区别 形容词：用来修饰名词、代词、系动词 形容词和副词的区别 副词：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子 区别形容词和副词的关键在于看它所修饰的内容。 E.g.: Candy is a lovely girl. Candy smiles lovely. 2. 联系：形容词变副词一般规律 分类 例词 一般情况下，直接在词尾+ly quick – quickly quiet – quietly careless – carelessly bad – badly 以le结尾的形容词，变le为ly possible – possibly terrible – terribly gentle – gently simple – simply 以y结尾的形容词，y变i + ly angry – angrily easy – easily noisy – noisily healthy– healthily 以字母用字母组合–l, –ful, –al, –cal结尾的形容词，直接在词尾加上–ly careful – carefully real – really chemical – chemically 以字母用字母组合–ll结尾，直接加y full–fully 以元音字母+e结尾的，去e + ly 以辅音字母+e结尾的直接+ly true – truly polite – politely wide – widely · 注意：只有形容词+ly可以构成副词，其他词不可以 副词的位置 SDDSSASAASDFASFDSDDFAFS 1. 副词修饰形容词、副词时，应放在被修饰成分之前，但enough必须位于被修饰的词之后。 E.g.: The boy is old enough to go to school. 2. 频度副词（always，often，usually，never，seldom，hardly，sometimes等）要放在实意动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。 E.g.: Children often go to the park with their parents on Sundays. 3. 地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。 E.g.: I remember seeing you somewhere. 4. 同时出现几个副词的排列顺序：方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。 E.g.: Mr. Brown drove his car quickly outside then. 5. 修饰全句的副词多置于句首。 E.g.: Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA men. 1. Remember: blow ____gently____ (gentle) --- the oil on top keeps the soup very hot! 2. In memory of the famous poet Li Qingzhao, the 1st International Qingzhao Poetry and Arts Festival will take place from June 20 to 27 in a _____newly_____ (new) built tourist attraction in Jinan, Shandong, which also includes the home of the poet. 3. Poly’s spokesperson said, “These treasures belong to all Chinese people. They will return to Beijing ______quickly___ (quick)!” 4. He went to Bo Le, a famous local horse expert, and said to him ______politely_____ (polite), “Could you visit my stall (摊位) and look at my horses? 5. Later, eating rice dumplings and holding dragon boat races became ____widely_____ (wide) practiced traditions on the Dragon Boat Festival. 6. He protected the village ____bravely___ (brave) even when people hated him. “Fate isn’t fixed,” he shouted, breaking the old rule. 7. Each dynasty has different tree planting projects. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, _______personally____ (personal) planted a ginkgo tree (银杏树) in a temple in Chang’ an 1, 400 years later, the ginkgo tree is still growing. 8. Local people tried to save him or find his body, but they didn’t find him ____successfully______ (success). 9. In southwest China’s Chongqing, more subway lines are travelling out to the rural areas around the city, _______particularly__ (particular) Line 4. 10. ___Recently__________ (recent), some scientists have found out a new one. These animals can help take carbon out of the Earth’s atmosphere (大气层). 11. The children ______simply____ (simple) said they could only enjoy eating the treat if everyone had one. 12. In recent years, tourism industries have developed ______rapidly_______ (rapid) and these relics have become new favorites of tourists. 13. However, when I was only a five-year-old boy, I was _____seriously______ (serious) ill and needed attention all the time. 14. The volcano broke out and ______completely_____ (complete) covered the city in ash (灰). 15. They ____strongly_____ (strong) agree that they should protect the environment while developing tourism. 副词的比较等级 ZhengYue has three cats: Swift, Fluffy and Silver. They all love running. Swift runs faster than Fluffy and Silver. That means Swift runs (the) fastest. Today, Zheng Yue gave her cats a bath. She washed Fluffy more carefully than she washed Swift. However, she washed Silver (the) most carefully because Silver is her favourite! 1. 副词比较等级的构成规则 (1) 规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 构成规则 fast faster fastest 直接+er/est early earlier earliest 以-y结尾，变y为i加-er/-est late later latest 以-e结尾，直接加r/st carefully more carfully most carefully 以形容词+ly结尾的副词，more/most+原形 (2) 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 well better best badly worse worst far farther/further farthest/furthest 注：副词的最高级可以省略定冠词the 2. 比较等级的句型 (1) 原级比较：(not) so/as+副词+as E.g.: He runs as fast as me. (2) 比较级：副词比较级+than E.g.: He runs faster than me. (3) 最高级：（the）副词最高级+范围（in/of/among...） E.g.: Lily runs (the) fastest among/of all the students. 单项选择 1. The dog looked ______ outside the station, waiting for its owner. A. lonely B. happily C. quietly D. directly 2. On a snowy night, the snow fell ______ on the quiet village. A. lonely B. friendly C. softly D. heavily 3. Homemade cookies are usually not as ______ as store-bought ones. A. sweet B. sweeter C. sweetest D. the sweetest 4. The neighbour ______ watered my plants in my garden while I was on vacation. A. seriously B. angrily C. likely D. kindly 5. The judges all agreed that Ann spoke ______ of all the students in the debate. A. confidently B. more confidently C. very confidently D. most confidently 6. The junior assistants are trained to deal with customer complaints ______. A. quietly B. politely C. lively D. lonely 7. It is necessary for you to practise playing the piano ______ to improve your skills. A. regularly B. monthly C. rarely D. usually 8. With the teacher’s help, that little girl worked out the maths problem as ______ as her deskmate did. A. quick B. quickly C. quicker D. more quickly 9. If you give your dogs some basic instructions, they will behave ______ in public. A. well B. fast C. nice D. good 10. Nature suggests that climate change is even ______ than scientists have predicted. A. bad B. badly C. worse D. worst 11. Tom is so ______ to others that we all want to make friends with him. A. friendly B. beautifully C. nicely D. wonderfully 12. The lady has much experience to help us understand the course ______ than before. A. clear B. clearer C. clearly D. more clearly 13. Susan looked extremely ______ in that yellow dress at the party last night. A. beautifully B. badly C. lovely D. wonderfully 14. The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others ______. A. blindly B. unwillingly C. closely D. carefully 15. After working hard bit by bit for a long time, Tu Youyou ______ won the Nobel Prize in her seventies.　 A. successfully B. widely C. especially D. rapidly 答案：1-5 ACADD 6-10 BABAC 11-15 ADCAA 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Try to do it as _______carefully_____ (care) as you can. 2. The dog barks _______loudly______ (loud) in the neighborhood. 3. I wake up _____earlier________ (early) than my parents. 4. She sings ______more beautifully__________ (beautiful) than her friend. 5. Grandpa walks ____most slowly_________ (slow) in our family. 6. They play basketball _____more actively_________ (active) than us. 7. I eat breakfast _____more quickly________ (quick) than my brother. 8. She packs luggage ______most efficiently_____________ (efficient) during trips. 9. She speaks English _______more fluently_______ (fluent) than her classmates. 10. The eagle flies _______highest________ (high) in the sky. 11. Artists worked on the sculpture as ______carefully_____ (careful) as possible, making it seem like the cooked chicken just came out of a pot. 12. The actor speaks his lines ______most naturally________ (natural) in the play. 13. Electric cars accelerate _______more smoothly_______ (smooth) than traditional ones. 14. This smartphone charges _______most rapidly____________ (rapid) in its category. 15. The athlete jumps as ______high______ (high) as the world record holder in practice sessions. 16. “I was _____deeply_______ (deep) attracted by traditional Chinese culture,” one of them said. 17. _______Suddenly_____ (Sudden), he heard the cry of a rich man. 18. The development of the Internet has made it possible for us to get information easily. People are ______increasingly______ (increase) relying on technology to solve problems. 19. It draws young people’s attention by retelling revolutionary stories in a way that young people can ______easily_____ (easy) understand. 20. I have five children, so my house is always noisy. ______Luckily______ (lucky), I love gardening and my garden helps me relax. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 副词的用法 基本概念 1. 定义：副词是用来修饰动词，形容词，副词，句子等的一类词，在句子中通常做状语。 E.g.: Luckily, she had got another chance. The farmers are working hard in the field. He has served the farm faithfully for 20 years. 2. 常见副词的分类 种类 常见词 用法 时间副词 today; early; soon; now 通常位于句首或句末充当句子的时间状语 地点副词 here; there; home; abroad 动词和地点副词见不加“to” E.g.: go home; come here 频率副词 always; usually; often; sometimes; seldom; never 通常用于一般现在时，表示动作的频率 方式副词 well; fast; carefully; quickly 最常见的，修饰实意动词 程度副词 very; much; enough; rather; too; quite 通常翻译成“很”“非常”“太”“相当”修饰形容词，副词表示程度 否定副词 no; not; neither; nor 表示否定含义 疑问副词 when; where; why; how 指代时间，地点，原因，方式状语 副词与形容词的关系 1. 区别 形容词：用来修饰名词、代词、系动词 形容词和副词的区别 副词：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子 区别形容词和副词的关键在于看它所修饰的内容。 E.g.: Candy is a lovely girl. Candy smiles lovely. 2. 联系：形容词变副词一般规律 分类 例词 一般情况下，直接在词尾+ly quick – quickly quiet – quietly careless – carelessly bad – badly 以le结尾的形容词，变le为ly possible – possibly terrible – terribly gentle – gently simple – simply 以y结尾的形容词，y变i + ly angry – angrily easy – easily noisy – noisily healthy– healthily 以字母用字母组合–l, –ful, –al, –cal结尾的形容词，直接在词尾加上–ly careful – carefully real – really chemical – chemically 以字母用字母组合–ll结尾，直接加y full–fully 以元音字母+e结尾的，去e + ly 以辅音字母+e结尾的直接+ly true – truly polite – politely wide – widely · 注意：只有形容词+ly可以构成副词，其他词不可以 副词的位置 SDDSSASAASDFASFDSDDFAFS 1. 副词修饰形容词、副词时，应放在被修饰成分之前，但enough必须位于被修饰的词之后。 E.g.: The boy is old enough to go to school. 2. 频度副词（always，often，usually，never，seldom，hardly，sometimes等）要放在实意动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。 E.g.: Children often go to the park with their parents on Sundays. 3. 地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。 E.g.: I remember seeing you somewhere. 4. 同时出现几个副词的排列顺序：方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。 E.g.: Mr. Brown drove his car quickly outside then. 5. 修饰全句的副词多置于句首。 E.g.: Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA men. 1. Remember: blow __________ (gentle) --- the oil on top keeps the soup very hot! 2. In memory of the famous poet Li Qingzhao, the 1st International Qingzhao Poetry and Arts Festival will take place from June 20 to 27 in a __________ (new) built tourist attraction in Jinan, Shandong, which also includes the home of the poet. 3. Poly’s spokesperson said, “These treasures belong to all Chinese people. They will return to Beijing __________ (quick)!” 4. He went to Bo Le, a famous local horse expert, and said to him ____________ (polite), “Could you visit my stall (摊位) and look at my horses? 5. Later, eating rice dumplings and holding dragon boat races became __________ (wide) practiced traditions on the Dragon Boat Festival. 6. He protected the village __________ (brave) even when people hated him. “Fate isn’t fixed,” he shouted, breaking the old rule. 7. Each dynasty has different tree planting projects. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, ____________ (personal) planted a ginkgo tree (银杏树) in a temple in Chang’ an 1, 400 years later, the ginkgo tree is still growing. 8. Local people tried to save him or find his body, but they didn’t find him ____________ (success). 9. In southwest China’s Chongqing, more subway lines are travelling out to the rural areas around the city, ____________ (particular) Line 4. 10. _____________ (recent), some scientists have found out a new one. These animals can help take carbon out of the Earth’s atmosphere (大气层). 11. The children _____________ (simple) said they could only enjoy eating the treat if everyone had one. 12. In recent years, tourism industries have developed _____________ (rapid) and these relics have become new favorites of tourists. 13. However, when I was only a five-year-old boy, I was _____________ (serious) ill and needed attention all the time. 14. The volcano broke out and ____________ (complete) covered the city in ash (灰). 15. They __________ (strong) agree that they should protect the environment while developing tourism. 副词的比较等级 ZhengYue has three cats: Swift, Fluffy and Silver. They all love running. Swift runs faster than Fluffy and Silver. That means Swift runs (the) fastest. Today, Zheng Yue gave her cats a bath. She washed Fluffy more carefully than she washed Swift. However, she washed Silver (the) most carefully because Silver is her favourite! 1. 副词比较等级的构成规则 (1) 规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 构成规则 fast faster fastest 直接+er/est early earlier earliest 以-y结尾，变y为i加-er/-est late later latest 以-e结尾，直接加r/st carefully more carfully most carefully 以形容词+ly结尾的副词，more/most+原形 (2) 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 well better best badly worse worst far farther/further farthest/furthest 注：副词的最高级可以省略定冠词the 2. 比较等级的句型 (1) 原级比较：(not) so/as+副词+as E.g.: He runs as fast as me. (2) 比较级：副词比较级+than E.g.: He runs faster than me. (3) 最高级：（the）副词最高级+范围（in/of/among...） E.g.: Lily runs (the) fastest among/of all the students. 单项选择 1. The dog looked ______ outside the station, waiting for its owner. A. lonely B. happily C. quietly D. directly 2. On a snowy night, the snow fell ______ on the quiet village. A. lonely B. friendly C. softly D. heavily 3. Homemade cookies are usually not as ______ as store-bought ones. A. sweet B. sweeter C. sweetest D. the sweetest 4. The neighbour ______ watered my plants in my garden while I was on vacation. A. seriously B. angrily C. likely D. kindly 5. The judges all agreed that Ann spoke ______ of all the students in the debate. A. confidently B. more confidently C. very confidently D. most confidently 6. The junior assistants are trained to deal with customer complaints ______. A. quietly B. politely C. lively D. lonely 7. It is necessary for you to practise playing the piano ______ to improve your skills. A. regularly B. monthly C. rarely D. usually 8. With the teacher’s help, that little girl worked out the maths problem as ______ as her deskmate did. A. quick B. quickly C. quicker D. more quickly 9. If you give your dogs some basic instructions, they will behave ______ in public. A. well B. fast C. nice D. good 10. Nature suggests that climate change is even ______ than scientists have predicted. A. bad B. badly C. worse D. worst 11. Tom is so ______ to others that we all want to make friends with him. A. friendly B. beautifully C. nicely D. wonderfully 12. The lady has much experience to help us understand the course ______ than before. A. clear B. clearer C. clearly D. more clearly 13. Susan looked extremely ______ in that yellow dress at the party last night. A. beautifully B. badly C. lovely D. wonderfully 14. The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others ______. A. blindly B. unwillingly C. closely D. carefully 15. After working hard bit by bit for a long time, Tu Youyou ______ won the Nobel Prize in her seventies.　 A. successfully B. widely C. especially D. rapidly 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Try to do it as _____________ (care) as you can. 2. The dog barks _____________ (loud) in the neighborhood. 3. I wake up _____________ (early) than my parents. 4. She sings ____________________ (beautiful) than her friend. 5. Grandpa walks _____________ (slow) in our family. 6. They play basketball _______________ (active) than us. 7. I eat breakfast _______________ (quick) than my brother. 8. She packs luggage ____________________ (efficient) during trips. 9. She speaks English _______________ (fluent) than her classmates. 10. The eagle flies _______________ (high) in the sky. 11. Artists worked on the sculpture as ____________ (careful) as possible, making it seem like the cooked chicken just came out of a pot. 12. The actor speaks his lines _______________ (natural) in the play. 13. Electric cars accelerate _______________ (smooth) than traditional ones. 14. This smartphone charges ____________________ (rapid) in its category. 15. The athlete jumps as _____________ (high) as the world record holder in practice sessions. 16. “I was _____________ (deep) attracted by traditional Chinese culture,” one of them said. 17. _____________ (Sudden), he heard the cry of a rich man. 18. The development of the Internet has made it possible for us to get information easily. People are _____________ (increase) relying on technology to solve problems. 19. It draws young people’s attention by retelling revolutionary stories in a way that young people can _____________ (easy) understand. 20. I have five children, so my house is always noisy. _____________ (lucky), I love gardening and my garden helps me relax. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $