Unit 2 Growing pains and gains （阅读策略）-2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固（外研版2024）

2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(外研版2024) Unit 2 Growing pains and gains阅读策略 目录 第一部分 阅读主题阐释锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 词句策略积累用法精析 变式巩固 第三部分 阅读强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 阅读主题阐释 “Growing pains and gains” 聚焦青少年在成长过程中遭遇的烦恼与收获，既涵盖生理发育带来的身体变化、心理波动引发的情绪困扰、人际交往产生的矛盾冲突，也包含在克服这些困难后收获的成长感悟、能力提升与心智成熟。本主题阅读旨在引导学生正视成长中的挫折与喜悦，学会辩证看待成长的过程，同时提升英语阅读的理解与分析能力。 1. 主题内涵 “Growing pains and gains” 的核心内涵是成长的双重性，即痛苦与收获相伴相生。成长的 “pains” 包括生理上的不适，比如身高快速增长带来的骨骼酸痛；心理上的迷茫，比如对自我身份的困惑；以及社交中的烦恼，比如与朋友的争吵、与父母的代沟。而成长的 “gains” 则是在克服这些痛苦后获得的进步，比如学会独立思考、掌握人际交往技巧、培养坚韧的意志品质。 例句： The boy felt upset because he couldn’t get along with his new classmates, but after he talked to the teacher, he learned how to communicate better and made many friends. Many teenagers have growing pains when they face the pressure of exams, but they gain more confidence when they get good grades through hard work. 2. 素养体现 本主题阅读主要体现语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力四大英语学科核心素养。 语言能力方面，学生通过阅读相关语篇，积累描述成长烦恼与收获的词汇、句式，提升获取信息、归纳主旨的能力； 文化意识方面，学生对比中外青少年在成长过程中面临的共性与个性问题，理解不同文化背景下家庭教育、社交模式的差异； 思维品质方面，学生通过分析语篇中人物的经历，学会辩证看待 “痛苦” 与 “收获” 的关系，培养批判性思维和逻辑推理能力； 学习能力方面，学生在阅读过程中运用略读、精读等策略，自主梳理知识点，养成良好的阅读习惯。 例句： By reading the story about a girl who solved the conflict with her parents, students can improve their ability to summarize the main idea and analyze the character’s feelings. After comparing the growing experiences of Chinese and American teenagers, students will realize that growing pains are common all over the world, but the ways to solve them may be different. 3. 策略要求 针对本主题的阅读策略要求主要分为基础阅读策略和深层阅读策略两类。 基础阅读策略要求学生运用略读（skimming）快速把握语篇主旨，明确文章围绕成长的 “pains” 还是 “gains” 展开；运用扫读（scanning）定位关键信息，比如人物遇到的具体烦恼、解决问题的方法等。 深层阅读策略要求学生进行推理判断，根据语篇中的细节分析人物的心理变化；进行主旨归纳，提炼成长痛苦与收获之间的关联；进行文本赏析，体会作者描述成长经历时的情感态度。 4. 文化品质 本主题蕴含的文化品质主要体现在价值观引导和文化包容性两个层面。 价值观引导方面，语篇通过讲述青少年克服成长烦恼的故事，传递积极向上的人生态度，引导学生明白成长并非一帆风顺，挫折是成长的必经之路，鼓励学生勇敢面对困难，珍惜成长过程中的收获。 文化包容性方面，阅读材料会引入不同国家青少年的成长故事，比如西方青少年更注重独立意识的培养，东方青少年则更重视家庭观念，让学生了解不同文化下的成长模式，尊重文化差异，培养跨文化交际意识。 ◇Part 02 词句策略积累 一、主题词汇 ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 （1） 描述成长烦恼的词汇 upset 心烦的；沮丧的 worried 担忧的 confused 困惑的 anxious 焦虑的 frustrated 沮丧的；受挫的 lonely 孤独的 stressed 有压力的 puzzled 困惑的 embarrassed 尴尬的 disappointed 失望的 argument 争吵；争论 conflict 冲突；矛盾 pressure 压力 stress 压力；紧张 difficulty 困难 trouble 麻烦；烦恼 challenge 挑战 problem 问题 misunderstanding 误解 generation gap 代沟 loneliness 孤独 shyness 害羞 self - doubt 自我怀疑 physical change 身体变化 mental stress 心理压力 interpersonal conflict 人际冲突 （2） 描述成长收获的词汇 proud 自豪的 confident 自信的 independent 独立的 mature 成熟的 strong 坚强的 brave 勇敢的 responsible 负责任的 gain 收获；得到 achieve 实现；取得 accomplish 完成；实现 progress 进步 success 成功 improvement 改善；提高 skill 技能 ability 能力 wisdom 智慧 experience 经历；经验 confidence 自信 independence 独立 maturity 成熟 courage 勇气 patience 耐心 understanding 理解 friendship 友谊 family bond 家庭纽带 personal growth 个人成长 self - awareness 自我意识 （3） 通用关联词汇 face 面对 overcome 克服 solve 解决 deal with 处理；应对 manage 管理；应对 experience 经历 go through 经历；遭受 learn from 从……中学习 realize 意识到；认识到 understand 理解；明白 appreciate 欣赏；感激 value 重视；珍视 develop 培养；发展；养成 build 建立；培养 form 形成；养成 promote 促进；提升 strengthen 加强；巩固 lead to 导致；通向 result in 导致；结果是 contribute to 有助于；促成 二、主题句式 （1） 描述成长烦恼的句式 1. Many teenagers feel upset when they face physical changes during their growth. 许多青少年在成长过程中面临身体变化时会感到心烦。 2. I often argue with my parents because they don’t understand my hobbies. 我经常和父母争吵，因为他们不理解我的爱好。 3. He is worried about his study because he failed the math exam last week. 他很担心自己的学习，因为他上周数学考试不及格。 4. She felt lonely after she moved to a new school and had no friends there. 她转到一所新学校后感到很孤独，在那里没有朋友。 5. The biggest problem that I have is how to balance my study and my hobbies. 我面临的最大问题是如何平衡我的学习和爱好。 6. Many students are under great pressure because of the coming final exam. 由于即将到来的期末考试，许多学生都承受着巨大的压力。 7. There is a generation gap between my parents and me, which makes it hard for us to communicate. 我和父母之间有代沟，这使得我们很难沟通。 8. He was confused about who he was and what he wanted to be in the future. 他对自己是谁以及未来想成为什么样的人感到困惑。 9. She felt embarrassed when she made a mistake in front of the whole class. 当她在全班同学面前犯错时，她感到很尴尬。 10. Misunderstandings between friends often lead to conflicts. 朋友之间的误解往往会引发冲突。 （2） 描述成长收获的句式 1. After overcoming many difficulties, I became more confident and independent. 克服了许多困难后，我变得更加自信和独立。 2. We can gain a lot of experience from the challenges we face in our daily life. 我们可以从日常生活中面临的挑战中获得很多经验。 3. He has made great progress in his English since he started to practice speaking every day. 自从他开始每天练习口语，他的英语取得了很大的进步。 4. I am proud of myself because I successfully solved the problem with my classmates. 我为自己感到骄傲，因为我成功地和同学们解决了那个问题。 5. Through this experience, she learned how to communicate with others effectively. 通过这次经历，她学会了如何有效地与他人沟通。 6. This activity helped me develop my teamwork ability and patience. 这次活动帮助我培养了团队合作能力和耐心。 7. He achieved his dream of winning the competition after months of hard work. 经过几个月的努力，他实现了赢得比赛的梦想。 8. We should value the friendship that we have built during our growth. 我们应该珍惜在成长过程中建立的友谊。 9. She has become more mature after going through the hard time. 经历了那段艰难的时光后，她变得更加成熟了。 10. I realize that perseverance is the key to success when I face growing pains. 当我面对成长的烦恼时，我意识到毅力是成功的关键。 （3） 关联痛苦与收获的句式 1. No pain, no gain. 一分耕耘，一分收获。 2. Although we may face many growing pains, we will gain more in the process. 尽管我们可能会面临许多成长的烦恼，但我们会在这个过程中收获更多。 3. The more challenges we overcome, the more progress we will make. 我们克服的挑战越多，取得的进步就越大。 4. Growing pains are not terrible; they are the stepping stones to our maturity. 成长的烦恼并不可怕，它们是我们走向成熟的垫脚石。 5. It is through facing and solving problems that we can grow up healthily. 正是通过面对和解决问题，我们才能健康成长。 6. Every difficulty we meet in our growth will help us become stronger. 我们在成长过程中遇到的每一个困难都会帮助我们变得更坚强。 7. We should learn to look at growing pains in a positive way, for they will lead to our gains. 我们应该学会以积极的态度看待成长的烦恼，因为它们会带来收获。 8. The process of overcoming growing pains is also the process of gaining wisdom and experience. 克服成长烦恼的过程也是获取智慧和经验的过程。 9. Don’t be afraid of growing pains; they are necessary for our personal growth. 不要害怕成长的烦恼，它们对我们的个人成长是必不可少的。 10. When we look back on our growing pains, we will find that they are the most precious memories in our life. 当我们回首成长的烦恼时，我们会发现它们是我们生命中最珍贵的回忆。 巩｜固｜练｜习 根据中文提示，用所学词汇或句式完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 许多青少年在成长过程中都面临着巨大的压力。 Many teenagers ____________ great ____________ during their growth. 2. 虽然他遇到了很多困难，但他从未放弃。 ____________ he met many difficulties, he never ____________ ____________. 3. 我们应该学会如何处理成长中的烦恼。 We should learn how to ____________ ____________ the growing pains. 4. 克服这个挑战后，她变得比以前更成熟了。 After ____________ this challenge, she became more ____________ than before. 5. 我意识到父母的爱对我们的成长非常重要。 I ____________ that parents’ love is very important for our ____________. 三、 优化策略 1. 略读策略—— 把握主旨 策略要点：快速阅读语篇标题、副标题、首尾段以及每段的首尾句，忽略细节信息，目的是在短时间内明确文章的核心话题和主旨大意。 运用分析：阅读该主题语篇时，学生可通过略读标题（如 “My Growing Pains and Gains”）和首尾段，快速判断文章是讲述作者的成长烦恼、收获，还是二者的结合。例如，略读某篇文章的首段 “When I was 14 years old, I faced a lot of problems in my life, but those problems made me a better person.”，即可快速把握文章主旨 —— 成长中的问题让作者变得更优秀。 2. 扫读策略—— 定位关键信息 策略要点：明确阅读目的后，带着特定问题或关键词快速浏览文本，定位所需的具体信息，比如时间、地点、人物事件、原因结果等，无需逐字逐句阅读。 运用分析：当题目提问 “What was the writer’s biggest growing pain?” 时，学生可带着关键词 “biggest growing pain” 扫读全文，锁定相关句子 “The biggest growing pain for me was the conflict between my parents and me about my study.”，快速找到答案。对于该主题语篇，常见的扫读关键词还有 “solve”“overcome”“gain”“progress” 等。 3. 推理判断策略—— 解读深层含义 策略要点：基于语篇中的明确信息，结合上下文逻辑、生活常识和文化背景，推断出作者未直接表达的观点、态度或人物的心理变化。 运用分析：在阅读讲述青少年与父母吵架后和解的语篇时，文中提到 “I said sorry to my parents, and they hugged me tightly.”，学生可据此推断出父母原谅了作者，且父母和作者之间的感情变得更加深厚。此外，针对该主题语篇，学生还可通过人物的行为，推断其面对成长烦恼时的情绪变化，比如从 “upset” 到 “calm” 再到 “proud” 的转变。 4. 归纳总结策略—— 提炼核心内容 策略要点：阅读完语篇后，梳理文本的主要内容，提炼关键信息，用简洁的语言概括文章的主旨、段落大意或人物的成长经历。 运用分析：阅读完一篇完整的成长故事后，学生可归纳总结出 “The writer had a fight with his best friend because of a misunderstanding. Then they talked to each other and solved the problem. Finally, their friendship became stronger.”，清晰呈现故事的起因、经过和结果，同时也能总结出 “misunderstanding can be solved by communication” 这一核心观点。 5. 情感态度分析策略—— 体会作者意图 策略要点：关注语篇中的情感词汇、语气词和句式，分析作者或人物的情感态度，比如积极、消极、乐观、悲观等，从而深入理解文本的情感内涵。 运用分析：在阅读 “Growing pains and gains” 主题语篇时，学生通过关注 “proud”“happy”“thankful” 等积极词汇，能体会到作者对成长收获的珍惜和对克服困难的自豪；通过 “upset”“worried”“sad” 等消极词汇，能理解作者成长过程中的烦恼与迷茫。同时，文中的转折句式（如 “Although I felt sad at first, I was happy in the end.”）也能体现作者情感的转变，帮助学生把握文本的情感主线。 ◇Part 03 阅读强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 1 Everyone may feel angry at any time. It’s a common feeling. Some people cry when they feel angry and some may shout. Unluckily, many of us usually hide anger. A study suggests that this can have long-term bad influences on our health. Is it better to cry or break things whenever something makes us angry? The study shows that when we show our anger in this way, maybe we can’t get on well with our friends or our family. The more time we keep being angry, the worse result we’ll get. So how can we deal with our feelings of anger in a right way? First, know what anger is. Anger is often caused by feelings of being too afraid, disappointment (失望) and so on. Also, care more about those everyday things that will make us angry. For example, we may get angry in a long line at the store. Take a step back and think that it isn’t personal. Everyone in the line has dinner to make, just like us. Then we’ll feel better. Another way of dealing with anger is to talk about it. The study has shown that if we name our feelings, we can slowly calm ourselves down. Besides, take a deep breath or find a helpful exercise to do. Exercise helps deal with anger. Remember that how we act when we are angry can make things better or worse. If we learn to deal with anger, we will be happier and healthier. 1．How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 2? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By giving an example. D．By using an old saying. 2．Which picture can show the relationship between anger and time? (x= the time you stay angry, y=the bad influences it will have) A． B． C． D． 3．Which can help deal with the feeling of anger according to the text? a. Taking some exercise.    b. Eating delicious food.    c. Talking about anger.    d. Taking a deep breath. A．bcd B．abd C．acd D．abc 4．What is the most suitable structure of the text? (P= Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 2 When I was 13, I told my father that I wanted to learn to play the guitar. He then took me to have guitar lessons. After a few weeks, my teacher told Dad that I had a talent for music. Later, I got a beautiful guitar from my father. Years later, I went to college. I needed money for my studies, so I sold my guitar. For the following years, when I remembered the guitar, I felt guilty. Because my father bought it for me by working very hard. I also remembered how much joy my practicing and playing had given him. After I finished college, I got a job, but it had nothing to do with music. One day, Dad was sick and had to stay in the hospital. When he saw a man playing the guitar, he was happy. I got the idea of bringing happiness to him by playing the guitar for him. A few days later, I took the bus to Thompson Pawnbrokers to see their guitars. A worker there showed me a guitar. Much to my surprise, the guitar was the one I used to have! I brought the guitar to the hospital. Before I told Dad how I got the guitar, I showed it to him and asked, “Do you know what this is, Dad?” Even though he had memory problems, he replied, “Of course, Ethan! It’s your guitar.” 5．Why did the writer sell his guitar? A．He needed money. B．He lost interest in it. C．He had no talent for music. D．He had no time to practice it. 6．What does the underlined word “guilty” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese? A．失望的 B．恼怒的 C．焦虑的 D．内疚的 7．Why did the writer want to find a guitar? A．To play on the bus. B．To play for his friend. C．To make his dad happy. D．To get his love for music back. 8．What can we infer (推断) from the last paragraph? A．The writer’s dad had a good understanding of art. B．The writer’s dad had no serious memory problems. C．The guitar meant a lot to the writer’s dad. D．The writer bought a new guitar for his father. 3 Dear someone, I’m sorry. I have no idea why your week is bad. I don’t know if you try to tell anyone else. But I know that I’m sorry that you’re hurt, or bored, or lonely or lost. There is something to make you feel better: go outside, look at the trees or look at a baby photo of yourself. When you are unhappy, you hope that someone says, “Yeah, that sounds really hard.” But in fact, other people often tell you that you should smile and keep your sadness in your heart. That’s very bad. I want you to know you can spend your bad day all over the place and tell someone about your sadness. I want you to know that you are still pretty when you are angry or in bad feelings. I hope your bad days will turn around, and that even if it doesn’t, you can still find a few moments of beauty or happiness. Sincerely, Clara Wagner 9．This letter is for the people ________. A．in good health B．in happiness C．in danger D．in bad feelings 10．What can make people feel better according to the writer? ①go outside            ②look at a baby photo of yourself ③look at the trees.         ④smile at others A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 11．The passage is about how to ________. A．work hard B．be yourself C．deal with bad feelings D．find the meaning of life 4 When you’re worried about what other people might be thinking of you, what you’re doing or how you look, it can stop you from being yourself. Are people thinking about you? There are many times when you might think other people are having a thought of you. If you’re performing in public or taking part in sports, it’s natural that people are going to look at you. However, there may be other times when you think others are looking at you, even if you are doing nothing to draw attention—when you are walking down the street, for example, chatting to your friends or just sitting quietly reading. If you think that others are talking about you, it can cause worrying. The influence of worrying When you worry about other people’s thoughts, you spend a lot of time guessing what they are thinking about you. This can distract you from doing the things you want or need because you think they might think you are doing it wrong. Young people’s coach Maria Evans says that worrying what other people think can mean you get caught up in pleasing other people at the expense (代价) of what feels true to you. ________ It isn’t possible to know what someone is thinking about you, or even if they’re thinking of you at all. Evans says you cannot control other people’s thoughts. It can be helpful to list things you can control, and focus on (专注) those instead. Tell yourself that you are kind, brave and loved. Make plans with people who really know you and enjoy your company. It’s great to remember that there are people you can be yourself with. 12．What does the underlined word “it” in Para 2 refer to (指代)? A．You’re taking part in sports. B．You’re performing in public. C．You think others are looking at you. D．You think others are talking about you. 13．What does the underlined word “distract” mean in Chinese? A．使分心 B．使操心 C．使倾心 D．使省心 14．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．What to focus on B．How to worry less C．What to remember D．How to love yourself 15．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．We should live up to others all the time. B．It’s easy to stop thinking about what others think. C．Focusing on what we can control helps us worry less. D．Knowing others’ thoughts is necessary for our growth. 16．The text may be a ________. A．poem B．play C．report D．story 5 Feelings (情绪) are difficult to deal with, especially for a 4-year-old who doesn’t know why his mum won’t let him eat another cookie and a 7-year-old who is unhappy because his dad got called back to work and has to leave the playground early. For parents, it’s very important to begin teaching children about their feelings as early as possible because their feelings influence (影响) every choice they make. Children who understand their feelings are less probably to act out by getting angry or fighting with others. They can use clear sentences to express (表达) their feelings. A good way to help children learn about feelings is to discuss (讨论) how different roles (角色) in TV series may feel. When watching TV, a parent could stop and ask the child, “How do you think he feels right now?” Then, discuss the feelings that person may experience and the reasons (理由). Doing so also teaches empathy. Young children think the world centers around them, so it can be an experience for them to learn other people have feelings too. When young children can understand other people’s feelings, they are less likely to do bad things to them. For example, if a child knows that pushing his friend to the ground may make his friend sad, he will do so less. Teaching a child about feelings will help him become mentally (精神上) strong. Children who have the skills (技能) to deal with their feelings will be so confident that they can handle whatever they meet in their life. 17．The writer talks about 4-year-old and 7-year-old children in Paragraph 1 mainly to tell us ________. A．children like to play in the playground B．children can't have many cookies C．feelings are difficult to deal with D．children have more feelings than their parents 18．Children who understand their feelings are more probably to________. A．get angry at others B．fight with others C．talk with clear sentences D．argue with their parents 19．The word “empathy” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．the ability to understand other people’s feelings B．the idea of the world centering around young children C．the thinking of sharing toys with one’s best friend D．the importance of fighting against difficulties in life 20．What is the writer’s purpose (目的) in writing this text? A．To explain (解释) why people have different feelings. B．advise parents to teach children about feelings. C．To guide young children to get along well with parents. D．To help children understand different roles in TV series. 6 If a friend helps you, it’s a good idea to write a thank-you note to him or her. But in fact, how many of us sit down to do this? “People don’t seem to give thanks to people quite often,” Professor Kumar said. Why don’t people like to send thank-you notes? And how do people feel when they get one? Kumar and his team asked some students to write a thank-you note to another person by e-mail. Then, they asked both the writer and the receiver how sending or getting these notes made them feel. Here is the result. They found that these writers didn’t like to write the notes because they felt like they had to think too much about them. They worried about what to say and how to say it. The receivers, however, felt glad when they got the notes. “When you are a receiver, you really care about the warmth of the notes,” Kumar said. Also, the writers didn’t like to write the notes because they thought it might be awkward (尴尬的) for the receiver to get a thank-you note. But in fact, it’s not true. “They feel quite happy,” Kumar said. “They don’t really feel awkward at all. If people know that writing a thank-you note could be so important to others, they will do it more often.” In a word, simple and small changes in our everyday lives can make a big difference to how we treat (对待) other people and how we feel. 21．How did the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By using a saying. C．By using numbers. D．By making a survey. 22．We know from the passage that if a friend helps us, it’s a good idea to ________. A．just say thank you B．write a thank-you note to him or her C．sit down with him or her D．get a thank-you note from him or her 23．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Writing a thank-you note isn’t important to others at all. B．People like to write thank-you notes when someone helps them. C．People don’t feel awkward after getting thank-you notes. D．When getting thank-you notes, people don’t care about the warmth. 24．Which of the following is the best structure of the passage? A．①/②/③④/⑤ B．①②/③/④⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①/②/③④⑤ 25．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To teach people how to write thank-you notes. B．To show that people like receiving thank-you notes. C．To encourage people to write thank-you notes more often. D．To explain why people feel awkward getting thank-you notes. 7 ①If someone sees you talking to yourself, you may feel bad about it. But don’t feel uneasy! Talking to yourself actually has a lot of benefits. ②You may know that thinking is good for the brain. It helps us make plans and manage (管理) our feelings. Speaking this inner (内在的) speech out loud can help us do better in different areas. ③When encouragement comes from oneself, it improves self-confidence. A study invited 72 tennis players to take part in matches. Researchers put the players into two groups: one group said nothing while playing, while the other talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better. ④Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can also help us manage bad feelings. “Talking to oneself in the third person leads people to think about themselves in the way they think about others,” said a professor from Michigan State University. This can help us see things from a different aspect (方面) and then feel better. ⑤Self-talking also helps improve memory. Researchers tested four ways to memorize things: reading silently, reading aloud, listening to others reading and listening to a record of reading. Those who read out loud remember the information best, because the information is likely to become a long-term (长期的) memory if it is said out loud. 26．What does the underlined word “benefits” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Happy feelings. B．Different ways. C．Clear plans. D．Good points. 27．What can self-talking help to do according to Paragraph 3? A．To find out the best players. B．To develop a player’s skills. C．To improve one’s confidence. D．To change a person’s look. 28．Which of the following can help people manage feelings better? A．“I should calm down and take a deep breath.” B．“Why does this always happen to me?” C．“Mike, don’t worry. You can make it.” D．“You are so great to have solved the problem!” 29．According to the last paragraph, what can reading out loud help? A．It can help listeners have short-term memories. B．It can help to remember things longer. C．It can help to memorize things quickly. D．It can make more people know the information. 30．What’s the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 8 If someone sees you talking to yourself, you may feel bad about it. But don’t feel uneasy! Talking to yourself actually has a lot of benefits. You may know that thinking is good for the brain. It helps us make plans and regulate our feelings. Speaking this inner speech out loud can help us do better in different areas. When encouragement comes from oneself, it improves self-confidence. A study invited 72 tennis players to take part in matches. Researchers put the players into two groups: one group said nothing while playing, while the other talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better. Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can also help us manage bad feelings. “Talking to oneself in the third person leads people to think about themselves in the way they think about others,” said a professor from Michigan State University. This can help us see things from a different aspect (方面) and then feel better. Self-talking also helps improve memory. Researchers tested four ways to memorize things: reading silently, reading aloud, listening to others reading and listening to a record of reading. Those who read out loud remember the information best, because the information is likely to become long-term memory if it is said out loud. 31．What does the underlined word “regulate” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Stop. B．Forget. C．Express. D．Manage. 32．What can self-talking help to do according to Paragraph 3? A．To find out the best players. B．To develop a player’s skills. C．To improve one’s confidence. D．To change a person’s look. 33．Which of the following sentences can help people feel better according to the passage? A．“I should calm down and take a deep breath.” B．“Why does this always happen to me?” C．“Mike, don’t worry. You can make it.” D．“You are so great to have solved the problem.” 34．According to the last paragraph, what can reading out loud help us do? A．It can help listeners have short-term memories. B．It can help to remember things longer. C．It can help to memorize things quickly. D．It can make more people know the information. 35．What’s the best title for this passage? A．The Secret Power of Self-Talk B．How to Talk to Yourself Correctly C．A Strange Habit: Talking alone D．Why People Laugh at Self-Talk 9 There is a saying, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Although eating properly is important, being kind to others is also good for your health. Studies show that people who perform kind acts are more relaxed, happier, and healthier than other people. In one study at Arizona State University, researchers found that many volunteers experienced a sudden feeling of joy, followed by a long period of peace, after performing a kind act. This feeling, called “a help’s high” may actually help reduce stress as the body releases (释放) naturally painkillers. Stress can cause serious health problems, and sleeping problems. However, the study found that volunteers had fewer stress-related health problems when they did helpful things for other people. The study also found that people who did nice things for others felt better about themselves as well. They had higher self-esteem (自尊), and were happier. Many believe this is because volunteers spend more of their time with other people. People who are more outgoing are often healthier. Another study at the University of Michigan’s Survey Research Center showed the health benefits (好处) of volunteering. A ten-year study showed that people who volunteered live longer than those who didn’t. Although you shouldn’t need a reason to be helpful, it is nice to know that kindness may help you live longer. 36．What did the study find about volunteers after they performed a kind act?​ A．They felt sad for a long time.​ B．They experienced a sudden joy followed by peace.​ C．They had more stress-related health problems.​ D．They became less outgoing.​ 37．You can get a help’s high ________. A．by volunteering your time B．by taking painkillers C．by eating properly D．by sleeping well 38．What did the ten-year study at the University of Michigan’s Survey Research Center show? A．People who volunteered live longer than those who didn’t. B．People who didn’t volunteer are healthier. C．Eating properly is more important than being kind. D．Kind acts make people have more sleeping problems. 39．What’s the reading mainly about? A．Healthy people are kind because they have more energy. B．One has to eat an apple every day to become healthy. C．Kind people can be stressed because they are always helping. D．Doing kind things can make you feel good and help you be healthier. 10 You may feel it is difficult to improve your health. If so, the following health habits may help you. Eat breakfast every morning. Studies show that if you eat a meal in the morning, you may not become too fat and you will not eat too much during lunch. Eating breakfast can help people feel better through the day. Get enough sleep. Poor sleep can affect our memory (记忆) and learning. It can also cause traffic accidents. Studies show that if people don’t get enough sleep, they may get into more accidents. So get enough sleep and stay safe! Go jogging every day. Jogging is an easy way to exercise. You’d better meet friends for jogging, not for a meal. As you go jogging, you will see the beautiful world around you. Once you try it, you will find that adding jogging into your daily life is very easy. Join social (社会的) groups. Social groups might include sports teams and art or music groups. People in the group can offer advice and help each other in difficult times. Also, being in a group keeps your body busy and mind active. Have a hobby. A hobby could be running, reading or making something with your hands. Hobbies help us relax and rest. Hobbies bring us happiness as well. 40．How can you have a good memory and learn better? A．Eat breakfast every morning. B．Join a social group. C．Go jogging every day. D．Have a good sleep. 41．If you become a member of a social group, you can ________. A．jog with friends every day B．get into fewer accidents C．get advice and help others D．have more hobbies 42．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．If you have breakfast every morning, you’ll be fat. B．All the traffic accidents are caused by poor sleep. C．Joining a social group helps you have an active mind. D．Having a hobby is the best way to relax. 43．How can hobbies help people? A．By keeping their minds busy and quick. B．By putting them in a happy mood. C．By making them stay safe and strong. D．By giving them enough good sleep. 44．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Ways to improve health. B．Reasons for keeping healthy. C．Ways to develop good habits. D．Reasons for exercising. 11 Self-test of your sleep quality (质量) Try to answer these questions with A, B, C or D． A．Often.         B．Sometimes.        C． Hardly ever.        D．Never. Questions: 1. I stay up late to study or play. 2. I have a difficult time falling asleep. 3. I can’t go to bed on time. 4. I wake up easily. 5. I have a lot of dreams, so I often feel ________ in the morning. 6. I wake up too early, and I can’t fall asleep again. 7. I can’t sleep because of small problems I had during the day. 8. I can’t fall asleep in a new place. 9. I have little sleep when I’m on night shift (夜班). Points: A＝5, B＝2, C＝1, D＝0 If you get more than 20 points, you have a big sleep problem. If you get between 5 and 20, your sleep is not so good. If you get less than 5 points, you have good sleep quality. 45．Lisa’s answer to Question 1 is D．It means ________. A．she often stays up late B．she usually goes to bed early C．she sometimes studies till midnight D．she wakes up early in the morning 46．Which word can be put in “________”? A．tired B．excited C．bored D．wonderful 47．If there are five D’s, four C’s and one B in your answer, you will get ________ points. A．3 B．6 C．9 D．11 48．If Jack gets 3 points, ________. A．he has a big sleep problem B．his sleep is not so good C．he can sleep well at night D．he is an unhealthy boy 49．The reading mainly tells us ________. A．why sleep is important B．how to sleep well at night C．If (是否) we sleep well D．when we should go to sleep 12 “I wish I had straight hair”, “I’d like to be taller”. At times, we all want to look a bit more like someone else. However, the pictures we see on TV and social media (媒体) can give us not proper ideas about how our bodies “should” look. The truth is that everybody is different—and that’s a good thing. Accepting and feeling good about our bodies is really important for our self confidence (自信) . Body confidence is when someone accepts and behaves (行为) kindly towards their body. That includes our size and shape, skin color and appearance. Jade Parnell from the Centre for Appearance Research (CAR) , says that having body confidence is “about being accepting of your body and what it does for you”. If you feel positively (积极地) about your body, you are more likely to take care of it. Research has even shown that you are more likely to take part in activities and perform well in school. However, feeling agitated about your body could make you step back, do less well at school and even feel down. It’s important to remember that everybody is different. Parnell says, “Try to talk positively about your own body and other people’s bodies. Try not to pay too much attention to appearance.” She also suggests treating (对待) your body well by eating different kinds of foods, exercising to feel good and to have fun, and getting plenty of sleep. Remember that you are more than how you look. 50．The writer thinks that the pictures on TV and social media ________. A．may bring people some wrong ideas of looks B．teach people how to behave kindly C．are perfect for people to follow D．show everyone is different 51．The underlined word “agitated” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．careless B．special C．popular D．worried 52．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To encourage readers to take more exercise. B．To tell readers not to eat too much food. C．To lead readers to build up body confidence. D．To advise readers to treat their friends well. 13 I was born with a rare (罕见的) eye disease called Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis. Because of it, I can’t see well. I can tell if there is light or if something is in front of me, but that’s all. The disease also makes my eyes sensitive to sunlight. So, whenever I go outside, I have to wear very dark sunglasses. When I was little, my biggest problem was trying to be like other kids who could see clearly. In school, it was hard for me to play games or do activities with my classmates. Because of my poor eyesight, I was often left behind while my classmates moved on. Things got better in Grade 3. That year, I started using a screen reader called JAWS. A screen reader is a tool that reads out what is on the computer screen. It helped me a lot. Now, I use a screen reader called VoiceOver. It comes with Apple products like iPhones and iPads. Thanks to VoiceOver, I’ve been able to explore many parts of the digital (数码的) world. I can send messages and emails, listen to music, shop on Amazon, and write documents. Without a screen reader, I couldn’t do any of these. Even though technology helps me a lot, there are still problems. Many apps and websites don’t work well with screen readers. I hope more people who make apps and websites will think about users like me. The online world should be for everyone. 53．VoiceOver is the name of a(n) ________. A．screen reader B．Apple device C．website D．tech company 54．The underlined word “sensitive” in paragraph 1 means ________. A．easily hurt B．easily protected C．easily changed D．easily found 55．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．the writer never went to school B．VoiceOver can be used in every digital device C．VoiceOver can help the author to watch movies D．the writer had a hard time because of the eye disease 56．In the last paragraph, the writer is unhappy because ________. A．the screen readers are hard to use for many people B．the screen readers are too expensive for most of us C．the technology is difficult to learn for users like the writer D．app makers don’t think enough about users like the writer 57．The best title for the passage would be ________. A．Seeing Without Looking B．Learning about Rare Diseases C．Exploring the Online World D．Changing Life Through Hard Work 14 Do you spend over five hours a day on your phone? You’re not alone. But too much screen time can be bad for your mental health and take time away from sports, friends, and hobbies. Many people are trying a “digital detox” (数字排毒). This means trying to use their phones less by not using favourite apps, turning off the Internet, or even using a simpler phone. But does it work? Professor Kostadin Kushlev, who studies how technology influences our happiness, decided to find out. In his study, about 500 people tried to stop using the Internet on their phones for two weeks. It was hard! Only 25% of them fully succeeded. However, nearly everyone halved(减半) their screen time, from 5 hours to about 2.5 hours a day. The results were positive. People who detoxed felt less stressed and anxious, and more satisfied with their lives. ▲ Another big result was better attention (注意力). It improved so much that they felt like 10 years younger, both in body and mind. Just using your phone a little less can help you feel better, sleep more, and focus better. The best news? You don’t have to give up on your phone completely. The study found that 91% of people improved in at least one area—like health, attention, or mind—even if they only reduced their usage a little. Tips to Start Your Digital Detox: ★Notice your habits: When do you use your phone the most? Is it right after you wake up or during breaks? ★Create a line: Try putting your phone outside your bedroom at night. ★Set time limits: Cut your time on apps like TikTok or WeChat in half. For example, no more than 2 hours a day. 58．Which of the following is a “digital detox”? A．Buy the newest smartphone. B．Download favourite game apps. C．Use the phone for 1 hour a day. D．Spend over 5 hours on phones a day. 59．How does the writer show the result of the study in Paragraph 4? A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By asking questions. 60．Which of the following can be put in the “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 5? A．They hoped to stop using the phones. B．Not all of them chose to keep on detoxing. C．They also slept 20 minutes more each night. D．They felt less happy about their everyday life. 61．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a new smartphone. B．To show the bad influence of phones. C．To tell the story of Professor Kostadin Kushlev. D．To encourage people to do a “digital detox”. $2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(外研版2024) Unit 2 Growing pains and gains阅读策略 目录 第一部分 阅读主题阐释锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 词句策略积累用法精析 变式巩固 第三部分 阅读强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 阅读主题阐释 “Growing pains and gains” 聚焦青少年在成长过程中遭遇的烦恼与收获，既涵盖生理发育带来的身体变化、心理波动引发的情绪困扰、人际交往产生的矛盾冲突，也包含在克服这些困难后收获的成长感悟、能力提升与心智成熟。本主题阅读旨在引导学生正视成长中的挫折与喜悦，学会辩证看待成长的过程，同时提升英语阅读的理解与分析能力。 1. 主题内涵 “Growing pains and gains” 的核心内涵是成长的双重性，即痛苦与收获相伴相生。成长的 “pains” 包括生理上的不适，比如身高快速增长带来的骨骼酸痛；心理上的迷茫，比如对自我身份的困惑；以及社交中的烦恼，比如与朋友的争吵、与父母的代沟。而成长的 “gains” 则是在克服这些痛苦后获得的进步，比如学会独立思考、掌握人际交往技巧、培养坚韧的意志品质。 例句： The boy felt upset because he couldn’t get along with his new classmates, but after he talked to the teacher, he learned how to communicate better and made many friends. Many teenagers have growing pains when they face the pressure of exams, but they gain more confidence when they get good grades through hard work. 2. 素养体现 本主题阅读主要体现语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力四大英语学科核心素养。 语言能力方面，学生通过阅读相关语篇，积累描述成长烦恼与收获的词汇、句式，提升获取信息、归纳主旨的能力； 文化意识方面，学生对比中外青少年在成长过程中面临的共性与个性问题，理解不同文化背景下家庭教育、社交模式的差异； 思维品质方面，学生通过分析语篇中人物的经历，学会辩证看待 “痛苦” 与 “收获” 的关系，培养批判性思维和逻辑推理能力； 学习能力方面，学生在阅读过程中运用略读、精读等策略，自主梳理知识点，养成良好的阅读习惯。 例句： By reading the story about a girl who solved the conflict with her parents, students can improve their ability to summarize the main idea and analyze the character’s feelings. After comparing the growing experiences of Chinese and American teenagers, students will realize that growing pains are common all over the world, but the ways to solve them may be different. 3. 策略要求 针对本主题的阅读策略要求主要分为基础阅读策略和深层阅读策略两类。 基础阅读策略要求学生运用略读（skimming）快速把握语篇主旨，明确文章围绕成长的 “pains” 还是 “gains” 展开；运用扫读（scanning）定位关键信息，比如人物遇到的具体烦恼、解决问题的方法等。 深层阅读策略要求学生进行推理判断，根据语篇中的细节分析人物的心理变化；进行主旨归纳，提炼成长痛苦与收获之间的关联；进行文本赏析，体会作者描述成长经历时的情感态度。 4. 文化品质 本主题蕴含的文化品质主要体现在价值观引导和文化包容性两个层面。 价值观引导方面，语篇通过讲述青少年克服成长烦恼的故事，传递积极向上的人生态度，引导学生明白成长并非一帆风顺，挫折是成长的必经之路，鼓励学生勇敢面对困难，珍惜成长过程中的收获。 文化包容性方面，阅读材料会引入不同国家青少年的成长故事，比如西方青少年更注重独立意识的培养，东方青少年则更重视家庭观念，让学生了解不同文化下的成长模式，尊重文化差异，培养跨文化交际意识。 ◇Part 02 词句策略积累 一、主题词汇 ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 （1） 描述成长烦恼的词汇 upset 心烦的；沮丧的 worried 担忧的 confused 困惑的 anxious 焦虑的 frustrated 沮丧的；受挫的 lonely 孤独的 stressed 有压力的 puzzled 困惑的 embarrassed 尴尬的 disappointed 失望的 argument 争吵；争论 conflict 冲突；矛盾 pressure 压力 stress 压力；紧张 difficulty 困难 trouble 麻烦；烦恼 challenge 挑战 problem 问题 misunderstanding 误解 generation gap 代沟 loneliness 孤独 shyness 害羞 self - doubt 自我怀疑 physical change 身体变化 mental stress 心理压力 interpersonal conflict 人际冲突 （2） 描述成长收获的词汇 proud 自豪的 confident 自信的 independent 独立的 mature 成熟的 strong 坚强的 brave 勇敢的 responsible 负责任的 gain 收获；得到 achieve 实现；取得 accomplish 完成；实现 progress 进步 success 成功 improvement 改善；提高 skill 技能 ability 能力 wisdom 智慧 experience 经历；经验 confidence 自信 independence 独立 maturity 成熟 courage 勇气 patience 耐心 understanding 理解 friendship 友谊 family bond 家庭纽带 personal growth 个人成长 self - awareness 自我意识 （3） 通用关联词汇 face 面对 overcome 克服 solve 解决 deal with 处理；应对 manage 管理；应对 experience 经历 go through 经历；遭受 learn from 从……中学习 realize 意识到；认识到 understand 理解；明白 appreciate 欣赏；感激 value 重视；珍视 develop 培养；发展；养成 build 建立；培养 form 形成；养成 promote 促进；提升 strengthen 加强；巩固 lead to 导致；通向 result in 导致；结果是 contribute to 有助于；促成 二、主题句式 （1） 描述成长烦恼的句式 1. Many teenagers feel upset when they face physical changes during their growth. 许多青少年在成长过程中面临身体变化时会感到心烦。 2. I often argue with my parents because they don’t understand my hobbies. 我经常和父母争吵，因为他们不理解我的爱好。 3. He is worried about his study because he failed the math exam last week. 他很担心自己的学习，因为他上周数学考试不及格。 4. She felt lonely after she moved to a new school and had no friends there. 她转到一所新学校后感到很孤独，在那里没有朋友。 5. The biggest problem that I have is how to balance my study and my hobbies. 我面临的最大问题是如何平衡我的学习和爱好。 6. Many students are under great pressure because of the coming final exam. 由于即将到来的期末考试，许多学生都承受着巨大的压力。 7. There is a generation gap between my parents and me, which makes it hard for us to communicate. 我和父母之间有代沟，这使得我们很难沟通。 8. He was confused about who he was and what he wanted to be in the future. 他对自己是谁以及未来想成为什么样的人感到困惑。 9. She felt embarrassed when she made a mistake in front of the whole class. 当她在全班同学面前犯错时，她感到很尴尬。 10. Misunderstandings between friends often lead to conflicts. 朋友之间的误解往往会引发冲突。 （2） 描述成长收获的句式 1. After overcoming many difficulties, I became more confident and independent. 克服了许多困难后，我变得更加自信和独立。 2. We can gain a lot of experience from the challenges we face in our daily life. 我们可以从日常生活中面临的挑战中获得很多经验。 3. He has made great progress in his English since he started to practice speaking every day. 自从他开始每天练习口语，他的英语取得了很大的进步。 4. I am proud of myself because I successfully solved the problem with my classmates. 我为自己感到骄傲，因为我成功地和同学们解决了那个问题。 5. Through this experience, she learned how to communicate with others effectively. 通过这次经历，她学会了如何有效地与他人沟通。 6. This activity helped me develop my teamwork ability and patience. 这次活动帮助我培养了团队合作能力和耐心。 7. He achieved his dream of winning the competition after months of hard work. 经过几个月的努力，他实现了赢得比赛的梦想。 8. We should value the friendship that we have built during our growth. 我们应该珍惜在成长过程中建立的友谊。 9. She has become more mature after going through the hard time. 经历了那段艰难的时光后，她变得更加成熟了。 10. I realize that perseverance is the key to success when I face growing pains. 当我面对成长的烦恼时，我意识到毅力是成功的关键。 （3） 关联痛苦与收获的句式 1. No pain, no gain. 一分耕耘，一分收获。 2. Although we may face many growing pains, we will gain more in the process. 尽管我们可能会面临许多成长的烦恼，但我们会在这个过程中收获更多。 3. The more challenges we overcome, the more progress we will make. 我们克服的挑战越多，取得的进步就越大。 4. Growing pains are not terrible; they are the stepping stones to our maturity. 成长的烦恼并不可怕，它们是我们走向成熟的垫脚石。 5. It is through facing and solving problems that we can grow up healthily. 正是通过面对和解决问题，我们才能健康成长。 6. Every difficulty we meet in our growth will help us become stronger. 我们在成长过程中遇到的每一个困难都会帮助我们变得更坚强。 7. We should learn to look at growing pains in a positive way, for they will lead to our gains. 我们应该学会以积极的态度看待成长的烦恼，因为它们会带来收获。 8. The process of overcoming growing pains is also the process of gaining wisdom and experience. 克服成长烦恼的过程也是获取智慧和经验的过程。 9. Don’t be afraid of growing pains; they are necessary for our personal growth. 不要害怕成长的烦恼，它们对我们的个人成长是必不可少的。 10. When we look back on our growing pains, we will find that they are the most precious memories in our life. 当我们回首成长的烦恼时，我们会发现它们是我们生命中最珍贵的回忆。 巩｜固｜练｜习 根据中文提示，用所学词汇或句式完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 许多青少年在成长过程中都面临着巨大的压力。 Many teenagers ____________ great ____________ during their growth. 2. 虽然他遇到了很多困难，但他从未放弃。 ____________ he met many difficulties, he never ____________ ____________. 3. 我们应该学会如何处理成长中的烦恼。 We should learn how to ____________ ____________ the growing pains. 4. 克服这个挑战后，她变得比以前更成熟了。 After ____________ this challenge, she became more ____________ than before. 5. 我意识到父母的爱对我们的成长非常重要。 I ____________ that parents’ love is very important for our ____________. 答案与解析： 1. face; pressure 解析：“面临” 用动词 face，主语 teenagers 是复数，故用原形；“压力” 是 pressure，为不可数名词。 2. Although; gave up 解析：引导让步状语从句用 although，注意首字母大写；“放弃” 是 give up，根据 met 可知用一般过去时，give 的过去式是 gave。 3. deal with 解析：“处理；应对” 用固定短语 deal with，how to 后接动词原形。 4. overcoming; mature 解析：“克服” 是 overcome，after 是介词，后接动词 -ing 形式；“成熟的” 是 mature，more 后接形容词原级构成比较级。 5. realize; growth 解析：“意识到” 是 realize，主语 I 用动词原形；“成长” 是名词 growth，作介词 for 的宾语。 三、 优化策略 1. 略读策略—— 把握主旨 策略要点：快速阅读语篇标题、副标题、首尾段以及每段的首尾句，忽略细节信息，目的是在短时间内明确文章的核心话题和主旨大意。 运用分析：阅读该主题语篇时，学生可通过略读标题（如 “My Growing Pains and Gains”）和首尾段，快速判断文章是讲述作者的成长烦恼、收获，还是二者的结合。例如，略读某篇文章的首段 “When I was 14 years old, I faced a lot of problems in my life, but those problems made me a better person.”，即可快速把握文章主旨 —— 成长中的问题让作者变得更优秀。 2. 扫读策略—— 定位关键信息 策略要点：明确阅读目的后，带着特定问题或关键词快速浏览文本，定位所需的具体信息，比如时间、地点、人物事件、原因结果等，无需逐字逐句阅读。 运用分析：当题目提问 “What was the writer’s biggest growing pain?” 时，学生可带着关键词 “biggest growing pain” 扫读全文，锁定相关句子 “The biggest growing pain for me was the conflict between my parents and me about my study.”，快速找到答案。对于该主题语篇，常见的扫读关键词还有 “solve”“overcome”“gain”“progress” 等。 3. 推理判断策略—— 解读深层含义 策略要点：基于语篇中的明确信息，结合上下文逻辑、生活常识和文化背景，推断出作者未直接表达的观点、态度或人物的心理变化。 运用分析：在阅读讲述青少年与父母吵架后和解的语篇时，文中提到 “I said sorry to my parents, and they hugged me tightly.”，学生可据此推断出父母原谅了作者，且父母和作者之间的感情变得更加深厚。此外，针对该主题语篇，学生还可通过人物的行为，推断其面对成长烦恼时的情绪变化，比如从 “upset” 到 “calm” 再到 “proud” 的转变。 4. 归纳总结策略—— 提炼核心内容 策略要点：阅读完语篇后，梳理文本的主要内容，提炼关键信息，用简洁的语言概括文章的主旨、段落大意或人物的成长经历。 运用分析：阅读完一篇完整的成长故事后，学生可归纳总结出 “The writer had a fight with his best friend because of a misunderstanding. Then they talked to each other and solved the problem. Finally, their friendship became stronger.”，清晰呈现故事的起因、经过和结果，同时也能总结出 “misunderstanding can be solved by communication” 这一核心观点。 5. 情感态度分析策略—— 体会作者意图 策略要点：关注语篇中的情感词汇、语气词和句式，分析作者或人物的情感态度，比如积极、消极、乐观、悲观等，从而深入理解文本的情感内涵。 运用分析：在阅读 “Growing pains and gains” 主题语篇时，学生通过关注 “proud”“happy”“thankful” 等积极词汇，能体会到作者对成长收获的珍惜和对克服困难的自豪；通过 “upset”“worried”“sad” 等消极词汇，能理解作者成长过程中的烦恼与迷茫。同时，文中的转折句式（如 “Although I felt sad at first, I was happy in the end.”）也能体现作者情感的转变，帮助学生把握文本的情感主线。 ◇Part 03 阅读强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 1 Everyone may feel angry at any time. It’s a common feeling. Some people cry when they feel angry and some may shout. Unluckily, many of us usually hide anger. A study suggests that this can have long-term bad influences on our health. Is it better to cry or break things whenever something makes us angry? The study shows that when we show our anger in this way, maybe we can’t get on well with our friends or our family. The more time we keep being angry, the worse result we’ll get. So how can we deal with our feelings of anger in a right way? First, know what anger is. Anger is often caused by feelings of being too afraid, disappointment (失望) and so on. Also, care more about those everyday things that will make us angry. For example, we may get angry in a long line at the store. Take a step back and think that it isn’t personal. Everyone in the line has dinner to make, just like us. Then we’ll feel better. Another way of dealing with anger is to talk about it. The study has shown that if we name our feelings, we can slowly calm ourselves down. Besides, take a deep breath or find a helpful exercise to do. Exercise helps deal with anger. Remember that how we act when we are angry can make things better or worse. If we learn to deal with anger, we will be happier and healthier. 1．How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 2? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By giving an example. D．By using an old saying. 2．Which picture can show the relationship between anger and time? (x= the time you stay angry, y=the bad influences it will have) A． B． C． D． 3．Which can help deal with the feeling of anger according to the text? a. Taking some exercise.    b. Eating delicious food.    c. Talking about anger.    d. Taking a deep breath. A．bcd B．abd C．acd D．abc 4．What is the most suitable structure of the text? (P= Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 2 When I was 13, I told my father that I wanted to learn to play the guitar. He then took me to have guitar lessons. After a few weeks, my teacher told Dad that I had a talent for music. Later, I got a beautiful guitar from my father. Years later, I went to college. I needed money for my studies, so I sold my guitar. For the following years, when I remembered the guitar, I felt guilty. Because my father bought it for me by working very hard. I also remembered how much joy my practicing and playing had given him. After I finished college, I got a job, but it had nothing to do with music. One day, Dad was sick and had to stay in the hospital. When he saw a man playing the guitar, he was happy. I got the idea of bringing happiness to him by playing the guitar for him. A few days later, I took the bus to Thompson Pawnbrokers to see their guitars. A worker there showed me a guitar. Much to my surprise, the guitar was the one I used to have! I brought the guitar to the hospital. Before I told Dad how I got the guitar, I showed it to him and asked, “Do you know what this is, Dad?” Even though he had memory problems, he replied, “Of course, Ethan! It’s your guitar.” 5．Why did the writer sell his guitar? A．He needed money. B．He lost interest in it. C．He had no talent for music. D．He had no time to practice it. 6．What does the underlined word “guilty” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese? A．失望的 B．恼怒的 C．焦虑的 D．内疚的 7．Why did the writer want to find a guitar? A．To play on the bus. B．To play for his friend. C．To make his dad happy. D．To get his love for music back. 8．What can we infer (推断) from the last paragraph? A．The writer’s dad had a good understanding of art. B．The writer’s dad had no serious memory problems. C．The guitar meant a lot to the writer’s dad. D．The writer bought a new guitar for his father. 3 Dear someone, I’m sorry. I have no idea why your week is bad. I don’t know if you try to tell anyone else. But I know that I’m sorry that you’re hurt, or bored, or lonely or lost. There is something to make you feel better: go outside, look at the trees or look at a baby photo of yourself. When you are unhappy, you hope that someone says, “Yeah, that sounds really hard.” But in fact, other people often tell you that you should smile and keep your sadness in your heart. That’s very bad. I want you to know you can spend your bad day all over the place and tell someone about your sadness. I want you to know that you are still pretty when you are angry or in bad feelings. I hope your bad days will turn around, and that even if it doesn’t, you can still find a few moments of beauty or happiness. Sincerely, Clara Wagner 9．This letter is for the people ________. A．in good health B．in happiness C．in danger D．in bad feelings 10．What can make people feel better according to the writer? ①go outside            ②look at a baby photo of yourself ③look at the trees.         ④smile at others A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 11．The passage is about how to ________. A．work hard B．be yourself C．deal with bad feelings D．find the meaning of life 4 When you’re worried about what other people might be thinking of you, what you’re doing or how you look, it can stop you from being yourself. Are people thinking about you? There are many times when you might think other people are having a thought of you. If you’re performing in public or taking part in sports, it’s natural that people are going to look at you. However, there may be other times when you think others are looking at you, even if you are doing nothing to draw attention—when you are walking down the street, for example, chatting to your friends or just sitting quietly reading. If you think that others are talking about you, it can cause worrying. The influence of worrying When you worry about other people’s thoughts, you spend a lot of time guessing what they are thinking about you. This can distract you from doing the things you want or need because you think they might think you are doing it wrong. Young people’s coach Maria Evans says that worrying what other people think can mean you get caught up in pleasing other people at the expense (代价) of what feels true to you. ________ It isn’t possible to know what someone is thinking about you, or even if they’re thinking of you at all. Evans says you cannot control other people’s thoughts. It can be helpful to list things you can control, and focus on (专注) those instead. Tell yourself that you are kind, brave and loved. Make plans with people who really know you and enjoy your company. It’s great to remember that there are people you can be yourself with. 12．What does the underlined word “it” in Para 2 refer to (指代)? A．You’re taking part in sports. B．You’re performing in public. C．You think others are looking at you. D．You think others are talking about you. 13．What does the underlined word “distract” mean in Chinese? A．使分心 B．使操心 C．使倾心 D．使省心 14．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．What to focus on B．How to worry less C．What to remember D．How to love yourself 15．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．We should live up to others all the time. B．It’s easy to stop thinking about what others think. C．Focusing on what we can control helps us worry less. D．Knowing others’ thoughts is necessary for our growth. 16．The text may be a ________. A．poem B．play C．report D．story 5 Feelings (情绪) are difficult to deal with, especially for a 4-year-old who doesn’t know why his mum won’t let him eat another cookie and a 7-year-old who is unhappy because his dad got called back to work and has to leave the playground early. For parents, it’s very important to begin teaching children about their feelings as early as possible because their feelings influence (影响) every choice they make. Children who understand their feelings are less probably to act out by getting angry or fighting with others. They can use clear sentences to express (表达) their feelings. A good way to help children learn about feelings is to discuss (讨论) how different roles (角色) in TV series may feel. When watching TV, a parent could stop and ask the child, “How do you think he feels right now?” Then, discuss the feelings that person may experience and the reasons (理由). Doing so also teaches empathy. Young children think the world centers around them, so it can be an experience for them to learn other people have feelings too. When young children can understand other people’s feelings, they are less likely to do bad things to them. For example, if a child knows that pushing his friend to the ground may make his friend sad, he will do so less. Teaching a child about feelings will help him become mentally (精神上) strong. Children who have the skills (技能) to deal with their feelings will be so confident that they can handle whatever they meet in their life. 17．The writer talks about 4-year-old and 7-year-old children in Paragraph 1 mainly to tell us ________. A．children like to play in the playground B．children can't have many cookies C．feelings are difficult to deal with D．children have more feelings than their parents 18．Children who understand their feelings are more probably to________. A．get angry at others B．fight with others C．talk with clear sentences D．argue with their parents 19．The word “empathy” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．the ability to understand other people’s feelings B．the idea of the world centering around young children C．the thinking of sharing toys with one’s best friend D．the importance of fighting against difficulties in life 20．What is the writer’s purpose (目的) in writing this text? A．To explain (解释) why people have different feelings. B．advise parents to teach children about feelings. C．To guide young children to get along well with parents. D．To help children understand different roles in TV series. 6 If a friend helps you, it’s a good idea to write a thank-you note to him or her. But in fact, how many of us sit down to do this? “People don’t seem to give thanks to people quite often,” Professor Kumar said. Why don’t people like to send thank-you notes? And how do people feel when they get one? Kumar and his team asked some students to write a thank-you note to another person by e-mail. Then, they asked both the writer and the receiver how sending or getting these notes made them feel. Here is the result. They found that these writers didn’t like to write the notes because they felt like they had to think too much about them. They worried about what to say and how to say it. The receivers, however, felt glad when they got the notes. “When you are a receiver, you really care about the warmth of the notes,” Kumar said. Also, the writers didn’t like to write the notes because they thought it might be awkward (尴尬的) for the receiver to get a thank-you note. But in fact, it’s not true. “They feel quite happy,” Kumar said. “They don’t really feel awkward at all. If people know that writing a thank-you note could be so important to others, they will do it more often.” In a word, simple and small changes in our everyday lives can make a big difference to how we treat (对待) other people and how we feel. 21．How did the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By using a saying. C．By using numbers. D．By making a survey. 22．We know from the passage that if a friend helps us, it’s a good idea to ________. A．just say thank you B．write a thank-you note to him or her C．sit down with him or her D．get a thank-you note from him or her 23．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Writing a thank-you note isn’t important to others at all. B．People like to write thank-you notes when someone helps them. C．People don’t feel awkward after getting thank-you notes. D．When getting thank-you notes, people don’t care about the warmth. 24．Which of the following is the best structure of the passage? A．①/②/③④/⑤ B．①②/③/④⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①/②/③④⑤ 25．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To teach people how to write thank-you notes. B．To show that people like receiving thank-you notes. C．To encourage people to write thank-you notes more often. D．To explain why people feel awkward getting thank-you notes. 7 ①If someone sees you talking to yourself, you may feel bad about it. But don’t feel uneasy! Talking to yourself actually has a lot of benefits. ②You may know that thinking is good for the brain. It helps us make plans and manage (管理) our feelings. Speaking this inner (内在的) speech out loud can help us do better in different areas. ③When encouragement comes from oneself, it improves self-confidence. A study invited 72 tennis players to take part in matches. Researchers put the players into two groups: one group said nothing while playing, while the other talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better. ④Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can also help us manage bad feelings. “Talking to oneself in the third person leads people to think about themselves in the way they think about others,” said a professor from Michigan State University. This can help us see things from a different aspect (方面) and then feel better. ⑤Self-talking also helps improve memory. Researchers tested four ways to memorize things: reading silently, reading aloud, listening to others reading and listening to a record of reading. Those who read out loud remember the information best, because the information is likely to become a long-term (长期的) memory if it is said out loud. 26．What does the underlined word “benefits” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Happy feelings. B．Different ways. C．Clear plans. D．Good points. 27．What can self-talking help to do according to Paragraph 3? A．To find out the best players. B．To develop a player’s skills. C．To improve one’s confidence. D．To change a person’s look. 28．Which of the following can help people manage feelings better? A．“I should calm down and take a deep breath.” B．“Why does this always happen to me?” C．“Mike, don’t worry. You can make it.” D．“You are so great to have solved the problem!” 29．According to the last paragraph, what can reading out loud help? A．It can help listeners have short-term memories. B．It can help to remember things longer. C．It can help to memorize things quickly. D．It can make more people know the information. 30．What’s the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 8 If someone sees you talking to yourself, you may feel bad about it. But don’t feel uneasy! Talking to yourself actually has a lot of benefits. You may know that thinking is good for the brain. It helps us make plans and regulate our feelings. Speaking this inner speech out loud can help us do better in different areas. When encouragement comes from oneself, it improves self-confidence. A study invited 72 tennis players to take part in matches. Researchers put the players into two groups: one group said nothing while playing, while the other talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better. Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can also help us manage bad feelings. “Talking to oneself in the third person leads people to think about themselves in the way they think about others,” said a professor from Michigan State University. This can help us see things from a different aspect (方面) and then feel better. Self-talking also helps improve memory. Researchers tested four ways to memorize things: reading silently, reading aloud, listening to others reading and listening to a record of reading. Those who read out loud remember the information best, because the information is likely to become long-term memory if it is said out loud. 31．What does the underlined word “regulate” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Stop. B．Forget. C．Express. D．Manage. 32．What can self-talking help to do according to Paragraph 3? A．To find out the best players. B．To develop a player’s skills. C．To improve one’s confidence. D．To change a person’s look. 33．Which of the following sentences can help people feel better according to the passage? A．“I should calm down and take a deep breath.” B．“Why does this always happen to me?” C．“Mike, don’t worry. You can make it.” D．“You are so great to have solved the problem.” 34．According to the last paragraph, what can reading out loud help us do? A．It can help listeners have short-term memories. B．It can help to remember things longer. C．It can help to memorize things quickly. D．It can make more people know the information. 35．What’s the best title for this passage? A．The Secret Power of Self-Talk B．How to Talk to Yourself Correctly C．A Strange Habit: Talking alone D．Why People Laugh at Self-Talk 9 There is a saying, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Although eating properly is important, being kind to others is also good for your health. Studies show that people who perform kind acts are more relaxed, happier, and healthier than other people. In one study at Arizona State University, researchers found that many volunteers experienced a sudden feeling of joy, followed by a long period of peace, after performing a kind act. This feeling, called “a help’s high” may actually help reduce stress as the body releases (释放) naturally painkillers. Stress can cause serious health problems, and sleeping problems. However, the study found that volunteers had fewer stress-related health problems when they did helpful things for other people. The study also found that people who did nice things for others felt better about themselves as well. They had higher self-esteem (自尊), and were happier. Many believe this is because volunteers spend more of their time with other people. People who are more outgoing are often healthier. Another study at the University of Michigan’s Survey Research Center showed the health benefits (好处) of volunteering. A ten-year study showed that people who volunteered live longer than those who didn’t. Although you shouldn’t need a reason to be helpful, it is nice to know that kindness may help you live longer. 36．What did the study find about volunteers after they performed a kind act?​ A．They felt sad for a long time.​ B．They experienced a sudden joy followed by peace.​ C．They had more stress-related health problems.​ D．They became less outgoing.​ 37．You can get a help’s high ________. A．by volunteering your time B．by taking painkillers C．by eating properly D．by sleeping well 38．What did the ten-year study at the University of Michigan’s Survey Research Center show? A．People who volunteered live longer than those who didn’t. B．People who didn’t volunteer are healthier. C．Eating properly is more important than being kind. D．Kind acts make people have more sleeping problems. 39．What’s the reading mainly about? A．Healthy people are kind because they have more energy. B．One has to eat an apple every day to become healthy. C．Kind people can be stressed because they are always helping. D．Doing kind things can make you feel good and help you be healthier. 10 You may feel it is difficult to improve your health. If so, the following health habits may help you. Eat breakfast every morning. Studies show that if you eat a meal in the morning, you may not become too fat and you will not eat too much during lunch. Eating breakfast can help people feel better through the day. Get enough sleep. Poor sleep can affect our memory (记忆) and learning. It can also cause traffic accidents. Studies show that if people don’t get enough sleep, they may get into more accidents. So get enough sleep and stay safe! Go jogging every day. Jogging is an easy way to exercise. You’d better meet friends for jogging, not for a meal. As you go jogging, you will see the beautiful world around you. Once you try it, you will find that adding jogging into your daily life is very easy. Join social (社会的) groups. Social groups might include sports teams and art or music groups. People in the group can offer advice and help each other in difficult times. Also, being in a group keeps your body busy and mind active. Have a hobby. A hobby could be running, reading or making something with your hands. Hobbies help us relax and rest. Hobbies bring us happiness as well. 40．How can you have a good memory and learn better? A．Eat breakfast every morning. B．Join a social group. C．Go jogging every day. D．Have a good sleep. 41．If you become a member of a social group, you can ________. A．jog with friends every day B．get into fewer accidents C．get advice and help others D．have more hobbies 42．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．If you have breakfast every morning, you’ll be fat. B．All the traffic accidents are caused by poor sleep. C．Joining a social group helps you have an active mind. D．Having a hobby is the best way to relax. 43．How can hobbies help people? A．By keeping their minds busy and quick. B．By putting them in a happy mood. C．By making them stay safe and strong. D．By giving them enough good sleep. 44．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Ways to improve health. B．Reasons for keeping healthy. C．Ways to develop good habits. D．Reasons for exercising. 11 Self-test of your sleep quality (质量) Try to answer these questions with A, B, C or D． A．Often.         B．Sometimes.        C． Hardly ever.        D．Never. Questions: 1. I stay up late to study or play. 2. I have a difficult time falling asleep. 3. I can’t go to bed on time. 4. I wake up easily. 5. I have a lot of dreams, so I often feel ________ in the morning. 6. I wake up too early, and I can’t fall asleep again. 7. I can’t sleep because of small problems I had during the day. 8. I can’t fall asleep in a new place. 9. I have little sleep when I’m on night shift (夜班). Points: A＝5, B＝2, C＝1, D＝0 If you get more than 20 points, you have a big sleep problem. If you get between 5 and 20, your sleep is not so good. If you get less than 5 points, you have good sleep quality. 45．Lisa’s answer to Question 1 is D．It means ________. A．she often stays up late B．she usually goes to bed early C．she sometimes studies till midnight D．she wakes up early in the morning 46．Which word can be put in “________”? A．tired B．excited C．bored D．wonderful 47．If there are five D’s, four C’s and one B in your answer, you will get ________ points. A．3 B．6 C．9 D．11 48．If Jack gets 3 points, ________. A．he has a big sleep problem B．his sleep is not so good C．he can sleep well at night D．he is an unhealthy boy 49．The reading mainly tells us ________. A．why sleep is important B．how to sleep well at night C．If (是否) we sleep well D．when we should go to sleep 12 “I wish I had straight hair”, “I’d like to be taller”. At times, we all want to look a bit more like someone else. However, the pictures we see on TV and social media (媒体) can give us not proper ideas about how our bodies “should” look. The truth is that everybody is different—and that’s a good thing. Accepting and feeling good about our bodies is really important for our self confidence (自信) . Body confidence is when someone accepts and behaves (行为) kindly towards their body. That includes our size and shape, skin color and appearance. Jade Parnell from the Centre for Appearance Research (CAR) , says that having body confidence is “about being accepting of your body and what it does for you”. If you feel positively (积极地) about your body, you are more likely to take care of it. Research has even shown that you are more likely to take part in activities and perform well in school. However, feeling agitated about your body could make you step back, do less well at school and even feel down. It’s important to remember that everybody is different. Parnell says, “Try to talk positively about your own body and other people’s bodies. Try not to pay too much attention to appearance.” She also suggests treating (对待) your body well by eating different kinds of foods, exercising to feel good and to have fun, and getting plenty of sleep. Remember that you are more than how you look. 50．The writer thinks that the pictures on TV and social media ________. A．may bring people some wrong ideas of looks B．teach people how to behave kindly C．are perfect for people to follow D．show everyone is different 51．The underlined word “agitated” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．careless B．special C．popular D．worried 52．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To encourage readers to take more exercise. B．To tell readers not to eat too much food. C．To lead readers to build up body confidence. D．To advise readers to treat their friends well. 13 I was born with a rare (罕见的) eye disease called Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis. Because of it, I can’t see well. I can tell if there is light or if something is in front of me, but that’s all. The disease also makes my eyes sensitive to sunlight. So, whenever I go outside, I have to wear very dark sunglasses. When I was little, my biggest problem was trying to be like other kids who could see clearly. In school, it was hard for me to play games or do activities with my classmates. Because of my poor eyesight, I was often left behind while my classmates moved on. Things got better in Grade 3. That year, I started using a screen reader called JAWS. A screen reader is a tool that reads out what is on the computer screen. It helped me a lot. Now, I use a screen reader called VoiceOver. It comes with Apple products like iPhones and iPads. Thanks to VoiceOver, I’ve been able to explore many parts of the digital (数码的) world. I can send messages and emails, listen to music, shop on Amazon, and write documents. Without a screen reader, I couldn’t do any of these. Even though technology helps me a lot, there are still problems. Many apps and websites don’t work well with screen readers. I hope more people who make apps and websites will think about users like me. The online world should be for everyone. 53．VoiceOver is the name of a(n) ________. A．screen reader B．Apple device C．website D．tech company 54．The underlined word “sensitive” in paragraph 1 means ________. A．easily hurt B．easily protected C．easily changed D．easily found 55．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．the writer never went to school B．VoiceOver can be used in every digital device C．VoiceOver can help the author to watch movies D．the writer had a hard time because of the eye disease 56．In the last paragraph, the writer is unhappy because ________. A．the screen readers are hard to use for many people B．the screen readers are too expensive for most of us C．the technology is difficult to learn for users like the writer D．app makers don’t think enough about users like the writer 57．The best title for the passage would be ________. A．Seeing Without Looking B．Learning about Rare Diseases C．Exploring the Online World D．Changing Life Through Hard Work 14 Do you spend over five hours a day on your phone? You’re not alone. But too much screen time can be bad for your mental health and take time away from sports, friends, and hobbies. Many people are trying a “digital detox” (数字排毒). This means trying to use their phones less by not using favourite apps, turning off the Internet, or even using a simpler phone. But does it work? Professor Kostadin Kushlev, who studies how technology influences our happiness, decided to find out. In his study, about 500 people tried to stop using the Internet on their phones for two weeks. It was hard! Only 25% of them fully succeeded. However, nearly everyone halved(减半) their screen time, from 5 hours to about 2.5 hours a day. The results were positive. People who detoxed felt less stressed and anxious, and more satisfied with their lives. ▲ Another big result was better attention (注意力). It improved so much that they felt like 10 years younger, both in body and mind. Just using your phone a little less can help you feel better, sleep more, and focus better. The best news? You don’t have to give up on your phone completely. The study found that 91% of people improved in at least one area—like health, attention, or mind—even if they only reduced their usage a little. Tips to Start Your Digital Detox: ★Notice your habits: When do you use your phone the most? Is it right after you wake up or during breaks? ★Create a line: Try putting your phone outside your bedroom at night. ★Set time limits: Cut your time on apps like TikTok or WeChat in half. For example, no more than 2 hours a day. 58．Which of the following is a “digital detox”? A．Buy the newest smartphone. B．Download favourite game apps. C．Use the phone for 1 hour a day. D．Spend over 5 hours on phones a day. 59．How does the writer show the result of the study in Paragraph 4? A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By asking questions. 60．Which of the following can be put in the “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 5? A．They hoped to stop using the phones. B．Not all of them chose to keep on detoxing. C．They also slept 20 minutes more each night. D．They felt less happy about their everyday life. 61．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a new smartphone. B．To show the bad influence of phones. C．To tell the story of Professor Kostadin Kushlev. D．To encourage people to do a “digital detox”. 参考答案 1 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍愤怒是一种常见情绪，以及隐藏愤怒的危害和正确处理愤怒情绪的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据“Is it better to cry or break things whenever something makes us angry?”可知，作者是通过提出问题的方式引入该段话题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The more time we keep being angry, the worse result we’ll get.”可知，生气的时间（x）越长，产生的坏影响（y）越严重，二者呈正相关关系，对应选项A的上升曲线。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Besides, take a deep breath or find a helpful exercise to do. Exercise helps deal with anger.”以及“Another way of dealing with anger is to talk about it.”并通读全文可知，吃美味食物在文中未提及。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍愤怒是常见情绪及隐藏愤怒的危害；第二段提出“如何正确处理愤怒”的问题；第三段到第五段阐述处理愤怒的具体方法；最后一段总结正确处理愤怒的意义。故选A。 2 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了作者与吉他之间的故事，包括学吉他、卖吉他、想为生病的父亲弹吉他以及找回旧吉他等情节。 5．细节理解题。根据“Years later, I went to college. I needed money for my studies, so I sold my guitar.”可知，作者卖吉他是因为需要钱。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据“For the following years, when I remembered the guitar, I felt guilty. Because my father bought it for me by working very hard.”可知，作者因为父亲辛苦工作为自己买吉他，而自己却把它卖了，所以感到内疚，因此“guilty”的意思是“内疚的”。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据“One day, Dad was sick and had to stay in the hospital. When he saw a man playing the guitar, he was happy. I got the idea of bringing happiness to him by playing the guitar for him.”可知，作者想找吉他是为了让生病的父亲开心。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据“Even though he had memory problems, he replied, ‘Of course, Ethan! It’s your guitar.’”可知，尽管父亲有记忆问题，但他还是认出了这把吉他，说明这把吉他对父亲来说意义重大。故选C。 3 9．D 10．A 11．C 【解析】本文是一封信，这封信主要是安慰情绪低落的人，建议通过接触自然(如外出、看树)、回忆美好(如婴儿照)缓解痛苦，并鼓励表达真实情感，而非强颜欢笑，强调在困境中仍可发现微小幸福。 9．细节理解题。根据“Dear someone…I’m sorry. I have no idea why your week is bad.”可知，这封信是写给那些心情不佳的人们的。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据“There is something to make you feel better: go outside, look at the trees or look at a baby photo of yourself.”可知，作者建议人们出去走走，看看树，或者看看自己小时候的照片让人们感觉更好，①②③符合。故选A。 11．推理判断题。通读全文，本文是一封信，这封信主要是安慰情绪低落的人并提出了一些建议，则这篇文章是关于如何应对不良情绪的。故选C。 4 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 16．C 【解析】本文主要探讨了人们过度在意他人看法所带来的困扰，并建议通过关注可控因素和建立真实社交圈来减少这种焦虑。 12．推理判断题。根据“If you think that others are talking about you, it can cause worrying.”可知，此处的it代指上文提到的“别人谈论你”这一想法。故选D。 13．词句猜测题。根据“This can distract you from doing the things you want or need because you think they might think you are doing it wrong.”可知，这会让你无法专注于你想做或需要做的事。根据上下文distract表示“分散注意力”，导致无法集中精神。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据“... Evans says you cannot control other people’s thoughts. It can be helpful to list things you can control, and focus on (专注) those instead. Tell yourself that you are kind, brave and loved. Make plans with people who really know you and enjoy your company. It’s great to remember that there are people you can be yourself with.”可知，第四段主要给出建议，如何减少担忧。选项B“如何减少担忧”直接概括了这段的主题。故选B。 15．细节理解题。根据“It can be helpful to list things you can control, and focus on those instead.”可知，列出你能控制的事情并专注于它们，这很有帮助。故选C。 16．推理判断题。本文以说明性方式讨论心理问题，分析原因和影响，并给出建议。这种结构类似一篇报告或科普文章。故选C。 5 17．C 18．C 19．A 20．B 【解析】本文论述了家长应尽早教孩子认识情绪的重要性，并介绍了通过讨论电视剧角色感受来培养孩子情感理解和共情能力的方法。 17．细节理解题。根据“Feelings (情绪) are difficult to do with, especially for a 4-year-old who doesn’t know why his mum won’t let him eat another cookie and a 7-year-old who is unhappy because his dad got called back to work and has to leave the playground early.”可知，情绪很难处理，尤其是对于4岁不懂妈妈为何不让他再吃饼干，以及7岁因爸爸被叫回工作不得不提前离开操场而不开心的孩子来说。所以第一段提到4岁和7岁的孩子主要是为了告诉我们情绪很难处理。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据“Children who understand their feelings are less probably to act out by getting angry or fighting with others. They can use clear sentences to express (表达) their feelings.”可知，理解自己情绪的孩子不太可能通过生气或与他人打架来发泄，他们可以用清晰的句子表达自己的感受。所以理解自己情绪的孩子更可能用清晰的句子交谈。故选C。 19．词句猜测题。根据“Young children think the world centers around them, so it can be an experience for them to learn other people have feelings too. When young children can understand other people’s feelings, they are less likely to do bad things to them.”可知，小孩子认为世界围绕着自己转，所以让他们知道别人也有情绪对他们来说是一种体验，当小孩子能理解别人的情绪时，他们就不太可能对别人做坏事，由此可推测“empathy”意思是理解他人情绪的能力。故选A。 20．主旨大意题。根据“For parents, it’s very important to begin teaching children about their feelings as early as possible because their feelings influence (影响) every choice they make.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要是在建议父母尽早教导孩子认识情绪。故选B。 6 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．C 【解析】本文探讨了人们对写感谢信的态度。Kumar教授团队实验发现，写信者觉得麻烦，收信者则感高兴温暖，文章鼓励人们多写感谢信。 21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But in fact, how many of us sit down to do this? ‘People don’t seem to give thanks to people quite often,’ Professor Kumar said. Why don’t people like to send thank-you notes? And how do people feel when they get one?”可知，作者通过提问的方式开启文章。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If a friend helps you, it’s a good idea to write a thank-you note to him.”可知，如果朋友帮助了你，给他写一封感谢信是个好主意。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But in fact, it’s not true. ‘They feel quite happy,’ Kumar said. ‘They don’t really feel awkward at all.’”可知，收到感谢信的人并不会感到尴尬。故选C。 24．篇章结构题。文章第一段通过提问引出话题；第二段介绍Kumar教授及其团队的实验；第三、四段分别介绍写感谢信的人和收到感谢信的人的感受；第五段总结全文，鼓励人们更多地写感谢信。因此，文章结构为①/②/③④/⑤。故选A。 25．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In a word, simple and small changes in our everyday lives can make a big difference to how we treat other people and how we feel.”以及全文内容可知，文章的主要目的是鼓励人们更多地写感谢信。故选C。 7 26．D 27．C 28．C 29．B 30．B 【解析】本文介绍了自言自语对提升自信、管理情绪和增强记忆力的益处。 26．词句猜测题。根据“But don’t feel uneasy! Talking to yourself actually has a lot of benefits.”可知，虽然被人看到自言自语可能尴尬，但不要不安，因为它有很多“好处”，因此benefits意为“好处、优点”。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据“They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better.”可知，自言自语有助于提升自信。故选C。 28．推理判断题。根据“Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can also help us manage bad feelings.”可知，用第三人称自言自语有助于管理情绪。选项C“Mike, don’t worry. You can make it.”是用第三人称（Mike）对自己说话，符合文意。故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据“Those who read out loud remember the information best, because the information is likely to become a long-term memory if it is said out loud.”可知，大声朗读有助于形成长期记忆。故选B。 30．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章结构为：①段引出话题；②—⑤段分别从思考、自信、情绪管理和记忆力四个方面说明自言自语的好处，属于并列结构。因此文章结构为①/②③④⑤。故选B。 8 31．D 32．C 33．C 34．B 35．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了自言自语的好处，包括增强自信、调节情绪和改善记忆。 31．词句猜测题。根据“It helps us make plans and regulate our feelings.”可知，思考帮助我们制定计划和调节情绪。结合选项，manage（管理、调节）最符合文意。故选D。 32．细节理解题。根据“A study invited 72 tennis players…They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better.”可知，研究发现自言自语能提升自信心。故选C。 33．推理判断题。根据“Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can also help us manage bad feelings.”及例子可知，用第三人称对自己说话可以帮助管理情绪。选项C“Mike, don’t worry. You can make it.”是用第三人称（Mike）对自己进行鼓励，符合文意。故选C。 34．细节理解题。根据“Those who read out loud remember the information best, because the information is likely to become long-term memory if it is said out loud.”可知，大声朗读有助于信息转化为长期记忆，即记得更久。故选B。 35．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了自言自语在提升自信、调节情绪和改善记忆等方面的积极作用，强调其“秘密力量”。选项A“The Secret Power of Self-Talk”最能概括全文主旨。故选A。 9 36．B 37．A 38．A 39．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了善意行为对健康的好处。 36．细节理解题。根据第二段首句“In one study at Arizona State University, researchers found that many volunteers experienced a sudden feeling of joy, followed by a long period of peace, after performing a kind act.”可知，亚利桑那州立大学的一项研究发现，许多志愿者在做出善举后，会突然感到喜悦，随后是长时间的平静。选项B“他们经历了突然的喜悦，随后是平静”正确。故选B。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In one study at Arizona State University, researchers found that many volunteers experienced a sudden feeling of joy, followed by a long period of peace, after performing a kind act. This feeling, called ‘a help’s high’ may actually help reduce stress as the body releases naturally painkillers.”可知，亚利桑那州立大学的研究发现，志愿者在做出善举后，会体验到一种叫做“助人高潮”的感觉，这种感觉实际上可能有助于减少压力，因为身体会释放天然的止痛药。由此可知，可以通过志愿活动来获得“助人高潮”。选项A“通过志愿贡献你的时间”正确。故选A。 38．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Another study at the University of Michigan’s Survey Research Center showed the health benefits of volunteering. A ten-year study showed that people who volunteered live longer than those who didn’t.”可知，密歇根大学调查研究中心的另一项为期十年的研究表明，志愿者比不志愿者的人寿命更长。选项A“做志愿者的人比不做志愿者的人寿命更长”正确。故选A。 39．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Although eating properly is important, being kind to others is also good for your health. Studies show that people who perform kind acts are more relaxed, happier, and healthier than other people.”可知，虽然合理饮食很重要，但善待他人也对你的健康有好处。研究表明，做善事的人比其他人更放松、更快乐、更健康。结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了善意行为对健康的好处，做善事可以让你感觉良好，帮助你更健康。选项D“做善事可以让你感觉良好，帮助你更健康”符合文章主旨。故选D。 10 40．D 41．C 42．C 43．B 44．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了五种有益健康的习惯：每天吃早餐、保证充足睡眠、每天慢跑、参加社交团体以及培养兴趣爱好。 40．细节理解题。根据文章第二个习惯“Poor sleep can affect our memory and learning.”推知，要拥有好记忆和更好的学习效果，需要有良好的睡眠。故选D。 41．细节理解题。根据文章第四个习惯“People in the group can offer advice and help each other in difficult times.”可知，加入社交团体可以获得建议并帮助他人。故选C。 42．细节理解题。根据第一个习惯“…you may not become too fat…”可知，吃早餐可能避免发胖，而非导致发胖，故A错误。根据第二个习惯“It can also cause traffic accidents.”可知，睡眠不足可能导致交通事故，但“所有”说法过于绝对，故B错误。根据第四个习惯“Also, being in a group keeps your body busy and mind active.”可知，加入社交团体有助于保持思维活跃，故C正确。根据第五个习惯“Hobbies help us relax and rest.”可知，习惯帮助我们放松，但未说这是“最佳方式”，故D错误。故选C。 43．细节理解题。根据第五个习惯“Hobbies bring us happiness as well.”可知，爱好能让人心情愉悦，选项B“By making them in a happy mood.”与此相符。故选B。 44．主旨大意题。全文开篇点出“the following health habits may help you”，然后分别介绍了五种具体习惯，旨在提供改善健康的建议，选项A“Ways to improve health.”概括了文章主旨。故选A。 11 45．B 46．A 47．B 48．C 49．C 【解析】本文是一份睡眠质量自测表，包含9道自测题、选项对应的分值以及不同分数段对应的睡眠质量评价标准，可用于判断自身的睡眠状况。 45．细节理解题。根据自测表的选项说明，Question 1 的内容是“I stay up late to study or play”，选项 D 代表“Never（从不）”。这意味着莉萨从不熬夜学习或玩耍，也就是她通常早睡。故选B。 46．细节理解题。根据Question 5的前半句是“I have a lot of dreams”，结合生活常识，晚上多梦会影响睡眠质量，早上醒来通常会感到疲惫。故选A。 47．推理判断题。根据分值规则“A＝5，B＝2，C＝1，D＝0”可知。5个D得分为5×0=0；4个C得分为4×1=4；1个B得分为 1×2=2。总分：0+4+2=6。故选B。 48．细节理解题。根据评价标准“If you get less than 5 points, you have good sleep quality”可知，杰克的得分是3分，低于5 分，说明他的睡眠质量很好，也就是晚上能睡好。故选C。 49．主旨大意题。这份自测表通过设置问题、划分分值和评价标准，目的是帮助人们判断自己的睡眠质量好不好。故选C。 12 50．A 51．D 52．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人们易受媒体影响对自身外貌产生不恰当认知，介绍了身体自信的含义，以及拥有身体自信的好处和培养身体自信的方法，旨在引导人们接纳自身、建立身体自信。 50．细节理解题。根据文中“However, the pictures we see on TV and social media (媒体) can give us not proper ideas about how our bodies ‘should’ look.”可知，电视和社交媒体上的图片会让人们对自己的外貌产生不正确的想法，故选A。 51．词句猜测题。根据文中“However, feeling agitated about your body could make you step back, do less well at school and even feel down.”可知，对自己的身体有这种感受会让人退缩、学业表现变差甚至情绪低落，由此推测“agitated”意为“担忧的”，故选D。 52．主旨大意题。根据文中“Accepting and feeling good about our bodies is really important for our self confidence (自信)…Body confidence is when someone accepts and behaves (行为) kindly towards their body.”等内容可知，文章围绕身体自信展开，目的是引导读者建立身体自信，故选C。 13 53．A 54．A 55．D 56．D 57．A 【解析】本文主要讲述了作者在学校因视力问题遇到的困难，以及后来通过屏幕阅读器技术的帮助，能够探索数字世界并改善生活，最后也指出了当前科技在无障碍设计方面仍存在的不足。 53．细节理解题。根据“Now, I use a screen reader called VoiceOver.”可知，VoiceOver 是一种屏幕阅读器。故选A。 54．词句猜测题。根据“The disease also makes my eyes sensitive to sunlight. So, whenever I go outside, I have to wear very dark sunglasses.”可知，作者的眼睛不能受强光刺激，需要保护。因此，可以推断该病使得眼睛对阳光非常敏感，也就是容易受伤或受刺激。故选A。 55．细节理解题。根据“In school, it was hard for me to play games or do activities with my classmates. Because of my poor eyesight, I was often left behind...”可知，因为眼疾，作者经历了一段艰难的时光。故选D。 56．细节理解题。根据“I hope more people who make apps and websites will think about users like me.”可知，作者感到不满是因为许多应用程序和网站的开发者没有充分考虑到像作者这样有视力障碍的用户需求。故选D。 57．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者虽然视力受损，但通过科技手段依然能够“看见”并探索数字世界。选项A“无需目视也能获取信息”最适合作为文章的标题。故选A。 14 58．C 59．B 60．C 61．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了“数字 detox（数字排毒）”的概念、相关研究结果及实践建议。 58．细节理解题。根据“digital detox means trying to use their phones less”，选项C“每天使用手机不超过1小时”符合“减少手机使用”的定义。故选C。 59．细节理解题。根据第4段中的“500 people、25%、halved（从5小时减到2.5小时）”等数据，可知作者通过列数字展示研究结果。故选B。 60．推理判断题。第5段讲数字排毒的积极结果（压力小、注意力提升等），选项C“他们每晚多睡20分钟”属于积极影响，符合语境。故选C。 61．主旨大意题。文章先说明过度用手机的危害，再介绍数字排毒的研究结果，最后给出实践建议，核心目的是鼓励人们进行数字排毒。故选D。 $