福建省厦门市外国语学校2023-2024学年高二上学期开学考英语试题

保密★启用前 厦门外国语学校高二年级暑假学习效果检验考察 英语试题 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A People with fixed mindsets believe that： · Skill, intelligence and talents are natural. · Failure is shameful and should be avoided. · Some people are naturally good at things while others not. · You are not in control of your abilities. People with growth mindsets believe that: · You have the capacity to learn and grow your skills. · Failure is a valuable lesson. · People who are good at something are good because they build that ability. · You are in control of your abilities. have a desire to look smart, so tend to: -Avoid challenges. - Give up easily. - See effort as fruitless or worse. - Ignore useful negative feedback. - Feel threatened by the success of others. have a desire to learn, so tend to: - Embrace challenges. - Persist in the face of setbacks. -See effort as the path to mastery. -Leam from criticism. - Find lessons and inspiration in the success of others. As a result, they may stay at the same level early and achieve less than their full potential. As a result, they reach ever-higher levels of achievement. Change can be tough, but I've never heard anyone say it wasn't worth it. Did changing to a growth mindset solve all my problems? No. But I know that I have a different life because of it -a richer one. 1. The book “mindset" is intended to ____________. A. tell readers that two different mindsets lead to different results B. illustrate that people with different mindsets hold different beliefs C. help readers believe people act differently when facing challenges D. persuade people to learn to change so as to enjoy a more fruitful life 2. Generally speaking, people with fixed mindsets are mostly ____________ . A. Successful B. straightforward C.intelligent D. narrow-minded 3. A person with a growth mindset is likely to say ___________ . A. “If I win, I'll be somebody; if I lose, I’ll be nobody.” B. “To be good at sports, you need to be naturally gifted.” C. “Learn techniques and skills and practice them regularly, and you will always improve.” D. “You have a certain level of ability in sports and you cannot really do much to change it.” B As Alexandria Country Day School's sixth-graders created miniature 3D printed villages to address homelessness, they learned lessons far beyond technology. “It Takes a Village” began as a project for a science class, inspired by life-size 3D-printed homes built by Austin, Texas-based technology company Icon. No strangers to classroom 3D projects, the students were fascinated by Icon's use of a similar process to create homes made of inexpensive concrete-like material. Unlike standard construction methods, the process of building these durable homes takes just a few days. While creating their mini 3D buildings, the students explored how such technology allows design freedom and quick changes. Mathematical conversions helped get the relations right. For example, a real25-foot-by-20-foot one-bedroom house would be printed as 40-millimeter-by-32-millimeter (about 1½ inch by 1¼ inch) for their mini village. Salwa Seman, 11, said that getting the dimensions and settings correct before construction began was challenging as she created a curved-wall amphitheater (圆形剧场). The tech-focused project quickly evolved into “an exercise in empathy (共情),innovation and cooperation designed to bring about lasting change”. “When most people think of helping the homeless, they think of food and clothing drives,” said Juliet Galicia, 11.“While necessary, those are temporary fixes. Even housing by itself is not a complete solution.” In designing their leave-homelessness-behind neighborhoods, priorities were shelter, food stores, schools, and health centers. But to build a sense of belonging and purpose, the miniature communities also emphasized areas for frequent interaction among residents. "We wanted to make it feel more like a real community," said Luke Wazorko, 11.A community garden, a place to raise chickens, an amphitheater for shared events, bus stops for access to jobs, and infrastructure for Wi-Fi and cellphones to help in job searches were important features to offer formerly unhoused residents. Amber Fogarty, president of a nonprofit organization tackling homelessness in Austin, said,“Housing alone will never solve homelessness, but community will. People need a place where they are known, cared for and loved.” 4. Which can be used to describe homes created by Icon? A. Hard-sided. B. Long-lasting. C. Rough-edged D. strong-minded 5. What conclusion can we draw from Galicia'words? A. Juliet Galicia has participated in food and clothing drives in the past. B. Temporary solutions have proved to be of little help to unhoused people. C. Providing unhoused people with a place to live will solve all of their problems. D. A comprehensive approach is required to fully address the issue of homelessness. 6. The author may agree to the ideas EXCEPT that ___________ . A. a team of people can use 3D printing to build homes B. builders can adapt a 3D-printed design to fit a person's preferences C. the students faced challenges in building their miniature communities D. places for personal interactions are an important, aspect of a community 7. What is the purpose of the sixth paragraph? A. To emphasize community gardens as the most important part of neighborhoods B. To illustrate technology has nothing to do with helping unhoused people. C. To show specific ways the students focused on more than just housing. D. To promote the project as a profitable design to Austin. C Friendships can hold an exceptional place in our life stories. What is it about these connections that make them so unique? Before we dive into the science, let's first observe one in action. If I could somehow design a best friend, you know, put together all the ideal qualities of my perfect match, that person would pale in comparison to Priya. She's always there for me. Last year after I failed my important exam, it felt like my whole world was crashing down. Priya was at my door at the news. I was a wreck, but she sat there with me and listened. We were on the same page! Early childhood, adolescent, and adult friendships are all a little different in part because the brain works in different ways at those stages of life. Adolescence is a unique time when peer relationships take focus, and thanks to the developing brain, there are changes in the way you value, understand, and connect to friends. Teenage friends can seem attached at the hip. Scientists describe adolescence as a social re-adaption as teenagers begin to spend as much or more time with their friends than with their parents. This drive to hang with pals may be due to changes in the brain's reward centre. Its activation makes hanging out with others enjoyable;and motivates you to spend more time with them. Neuroimaging (神经成像) studies show that this region is highly reactive during your teenage years, which may explain why adolescents seem to place a higher value on social(interactions than children or adults. Teenage friendships can also feel closer than the friendships of your childhood.This deeper connection is possible thanks to improvements in what scientists call Theory of Mind-the ability to understand others’ emotions, thoughts, motivations, and points of view. Babies begin to develogTheory of Mind around 18 months or so. And scientists know that it continues to improve and mature well into your teenage years and beyond. Likewise, regions within the social brain show increased connectivity during adolescence compared with childhood. As a result, teens can better understand their friends' perspectives, allowing for deeper connections to develop. The ability to connect with others somewhat depends on the coordination of actions, emotions,physiology, and thoughts. This is what psychologists call interpersonal synchrony. 8. Why did the author mention the exam in paragraph 2 ? A. To introduce an exam. B. To show their close relationship. C. To serve a favorable example D. To argue against the opinion. 9. Why does adolescent friendship differ from others? A. Adult friends are attached at the hip. B. Teenagers' value stay the same. C. The brain is inactive during teenage years. D. Peer relationships play a key role in the life. 10. What can we know about Theory of Mind? A. It becomes better developed in adolescence. B. It refers to regions within the social brain. C. Babies begin to develop it around 8 months. D. It refers to the ability to understand our own emotions. 11. Which is the best title of the text? A. Are friendships different? B. Are friendships connected with your brain? C. Do friendships matter? D. How do adolescent friendships develop? D According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both ig nd consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took, significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but tg6k significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participanayeoing to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I'll have what she's having" effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his cating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I ? 12. What is the recent study mainly about? A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand D.Eating behavior. 13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C.Picky eaters D. Tall thin persons. 14. Why did the researchers hire the actor? A. To see how she would affect the partioipants. B. To test if the participants could recognize her. C. To find out what she would do in the two tests. D. To study why she could keep her weight down. 15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph? A. How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be. C. How we observe others. D. How we feel about the food. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。 Smarter ways to learn from failure Many of us were told from an early age that, at school or in life, “you learn from your mistakes.”_____16_____. The short answer is “yes"-- failure can be a teachable moment. But learning from our mistakes is, in reality, very hard because we don't like to fail. ____17____ So we react to failure in emotional ways, like giving up on a task easily, telling ourselves we don't care whether we succeed, or finding fault with the task itself. This is self-protective, according to Hallgeir Sjastad, a professor of psychology and leadership at the Norwegian School of Economics. “Most of us want to think of ourselves as capable", he says, “so when we fail, it causes a serious threat to our self-image”. Fortunately, there is a research to suggest that there are some strategies to help us overcome the emotional barriers around failure. _____18____ Instead of asking "Why did 1 fail?", we could ask "Why did Sam fail?", for example. Multiple studies by psychologist Ethan Kross at the University of Michigan show that adopting a third-person perspective helps to soften our negative emotional reactions,allowing us to look at failure more objectively. A second strategy involves offering advice to others who may be in the same position as us. _____19____ The group of adults and children were asked to give advice based on their own failures. Professors Eskreis-Winkler, Fishbach and Duckworth found that the satisfaction of helping others "forces people to connect with their experience and what they have learned". ______20______ But it now seems that we should be saying: “fail again, fail smarter". Failure is an unavoidable part of life, but by learning to overcome the emotional barriers around it, we may find the road to success is a little easier to find. A. It doesn't feel good. B. But is this actually true? C. Here are some reasons why we think so. D. But how to overcome them is a question. E. One of them is to adopt a third-person view. F. The writer Samuel Beckett once said: “fail again, fail better." G. It led to better levels of motivation and academic success in the test groups. 第二部分 完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last week we encountered a minor water crisis at our home. A water pipe had been leaking _____21____ within a bathroom wall, which my husband and I ____22_____ for long. Consequently, we woke up one morning to a pool of water on the bedroom floor. We ____23_____ the bedroom sofa that shares the same wall and located the ___24____ : Water had spread from a break between the wall and the floor. I got down to clearing up the ____25____ . Initially, I used towels to absorb the water. When seeing the break was not huge, I tried _____26____ back the water with a mop. But the ____27____ quickly became bigger, making more water constantly well out. This was a sign that something deeper within the wall needed our _____28_____ . We acted decisively, _____29_____ the main water line, opening up the wall and beginning the chaotic work of ______30_____ the broken pipe. Despite quite a bit of wall repair and painting to do, we were _____31____ that it was no longer leaking and our water supply was back on track. Later, we were told by an architect friend that such a small leak can become a _____32____ break and eventually do serious structural damage to our home. Big problems usually start small. I've been reflecting: How many times we don't bother to ____33____ small issues that demand our attention until they grow into big ones that almost _____34____ our life. With more care and earlier action, we can save ourselves much time and _____35_____ . 21. A.rapidly B. slightly C.heavily D.widely 22. A. expected B.discussed C.considered D.ignored 23. A.occupied B. changed C.abandoned D.removed 24. A. fault B. resource C.item D.approach 25. A. objects B. doubt C. mess D. memories 26. A. pushing B.drawing C.shipping D. blowing 27. A.floor B. leak C. pipe D.wall 28. A.mention B.service C.attention D.sympathy 29. A. breaking through B. putting aside C.taking apart D.shutting down 30. A.arranging B. preserving C. fixing D.distinguishing 31. A.curious B.anxious C. shocked D.relieved 32. A.sharp B.major C. mental D.temporary 33. A. address B. highlight C.admit D.postpone 34. A.cure B. direct C.ruin D.dominate 35. A.space B. trouble C.argument D.water 第三部分 3500词义判断（共25小题;每小题1分，满分25分） 根据句意，选择句中划线单词的恰当意思。 36. Some foods can stain the teeth, as of course can smoking. A.留下污溃 B.给.…着色 C.败坏(名声) D.腐蚀 37. The city was subjected to heavy bombing. A.使遭受 B.抵抗 C.使隶属 D.使臣服 38. She insisted on being present at all the interviews. A.存在的 B.出席的 C.目前的 D.历历在目的 39. Is it ethical to promote cigarettes through advertising? A、晋级 B.促进 C. 晋升 D.推销 40. Quit playing the fool and get some work done! A.离开(工作职位) B.搬离 C.停止 D.退出(计算机程序等) 41. I got a message you were trying to reach me. A.到达 B.伸手够到 C.取得联系 D.影响 42. What's her recipe for success? A.食谱 B.诀窍 C.原因 D.处方 43. Police have released no further details about the accident. A.释放 B.发布 C.放开 D.隐藏 44. I think the company places too much stress on cost and not enough on quality. A.重要性 B.压力 C.重读 D.紧张 45. How do I scan a photo and attach it to an email? A.细看 B.拍摄 C.浏览 D.扫描 46.Government employees may be screened by the security services.' A.放映(影片) B.审查 C.隐藏 D.筛查(是否患病) 47.Young people are very sensitive about their appearance. A.善解人意的 B.易受影响的 C. 敏感的 D.感受力强的 48. The team are looking good for a shot at the title. A.射击 B.照片 C.概率 D.尝试 49.You look very smart in that suit. A.聪明的 B.衣着得体的 C.智能的 D.迅猛的 50.Attempts to reach a mutually agreed solution have failed. A.产品 B.(练习的)答案 C.溶液 D.(困难的)解决办法 51.He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him. A.地点 B.斑点 C.困境 D.污点 52. The authorities no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers. A.订阅 B.捐赠 C.同意 D.反对 53. I suppose your presence here today is not entirely coincidental. A.假设 B.支持 C.认为 D.签署 54. We laughed and that helped ease the tension. A.(情绪上的)紧张 B.紧张局势 C.(肌肉等)绷紧 D.尴尬 55. She accused the press photographers of violating her privacy. A.违反 B.搅扰 C.亵渎 D.侵犯(隐私等) 56. Try not to let your mind wander. A.漫步 B.惊叹 C.偏离 D.走神 57. The smart money (知情者) says that he's likely to withdraw from the leadership campaign. A.取(账户中的钱) B.(军队)撤离 C.退出 D.停止提供 58. The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. A.保护 B.保持 C.腌制 D.禁止他人捕猎 59.Her work for the advancement of the status of women in India was recognized by the whole nation. A.地位 B.雕塑 C.情形 D.学历 60. With all due respect I submit that you're asking the wrong question. / A.提交(文件等) B.屈服 C.主张 D.使经受 第四部分 语法填空（共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In ____61_____ Forbidden City's Xi San Suo courtyards, the clock restoration master Wang Jin spends his days restoring antique timepieces ____62____ (date) back hundreds of years.The Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world. With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height, each of these _____63_____ (require) its own unique method of restoration. It seems unlikely ____64____ the restoration of these clocks will ever be complete. They will eventually need ____65___ (repair) again. Despite this, Mr. Wang remains optimistic _____66____ the future of these timepieces. He has passed on his skills to new members, including his son, _____67____ will take on future repairs. This new ______68____ (generate) of artisans will help preserve traditional skills and bring innovation to the craft. Walking through the seven crimson gates towards his workplace, Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum, ______69_____ he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him. In today's fast-paced world, inside the hidden courtyards of Xi San Suo, there is something timeless about the way Mr. Wang and his colleagues sedately (沉着地) piece together the past with _____70____ (skill) hands and modest hearts. It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country. 第五部分 单句语法填空（共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 71. Animal lovers said earlier that the case was a step in the right direction against _________ (legal) ownership of endangered animals. 72. These whales have been hunted to near _________ (extinct), and only about 2,500 exist today. 73. Although Cascade volcanoes do not crupt frequently, they ____ _______ (threat) major populations and developments. 74. At times she fell asleep in her seat and dreamed of ______________ (surround) by packs of wild wolves. 75. Companies across the country donated supplies and ___________(equip) to assist him with his expedition. 76. Enjoy a Russian folk-art exhibition _____________ (feature) a wide range of exhibits including Russian dolls, batik and Christmas decorations. 77. I take enjoyment and __________ (satisfy) from my work, my family and leisure activities. 78. They are also having great fun, ___________ (absorb) in what they are doing, breaking off only to fire insistent questions at their teacher. 79. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people ___________ (trap) in powerless high-rise buildings. 80. The diary makes a very interesting read, and the author has an ____________ (admire) sense of humour. 81. If it were not for the fact that the cost per hour of being here is __________ (remarkable) high, I would recommend that everyone work this way. 82.Fond of using wood as medium, Frank began to gain ___________ (recognize) for his woodcuts and wood engravings. 83.The __________ (survive) of museums depends on a complete rethink of our exhibits and approaches to marketing them. 84. Social researchers are urging employers to reduce workers' long hours ,__________(argue) that extended working days are bad for business. 85.The book describes the changes that __________ (occur) in the landscape over the past decade. 86. We can picture exactly _________ he means because we have now seen films of astronauts orbiting the Earth in spacecraft. 87.Eventually, they accommodated my needs by moving me to a jobI can work from home most days. 88. I was at that show and, as ___________ matter of fact, I saw your bike getting smashed. 89. The club is well aware __________ its responsibilities and treats the situation very seriously. 90. Can I depend on ______________ that this won't take place again? 第 2 页 共 10 页 第 1 页 共 10 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 保密★启用前 厦门外国语学校高二年级暑假学习效果检验考察 英语试题 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A People with fixed mindsets believe that： · Skill, intelligence and talents are natural. · Failure is shameful and should be avoided. · Some people are naturally good at things while others not. · You are not in control of your abilities. People with growth mindsets believe that: · You have the capacity to learn and grow your skills. · Failure is a valuable lesson. · People who are good at something are good because they build that ability. · You are in control of your abilities. have a desire to look smart, so tend to: -Avoid challenges. - Give up easily. - See effort as fruitless or worse. - Ignore useful negative feedback. - Feel threatened by the success of others. have a desire to learn, so tend to: - Embrace challenges. - Persist in the face of setbacks. -See effort as the path to mastery. -Leam from criticism. - Find lessons and inspiration in the success of others. As a result, they may stay at the same level early and achieve less than their full potential. As a result, they reach ever-higher levels of achievement. Change can be tough, but I've never heard anyone say it wasn't worth it. Did changing to a growth mindset solve all my problems? No. But I know that I have a different life because of it -a richer one. 1. The book “mindset" is intended to ____________. A. tell readers that two different mindsets lead to different results B. illustrate that people with different mindsets hold different beliefs C. help readers believe people act differently when facing challenges D. persuade people to learn to change so as to enjoy a more fruitful life 2. Generally speaking, people with fixed mindsets are mostly ____________ . A. Successful B. straightforward C.intelligent D. narrow-minded 3. A person with a growth mindset is likely to say ___________ . A. “If I win, I'll be somebody; if I lose, I’ll be nobody.” B. “To be good at sports, you need to be naturally gifted.” C. “Learn techniques and skills and practice them regularly, and you will always improve.” D. “You have a certain level of ability in sports and you cannot really do much to change it.” 【答案】DDC 1.【答案】D 【解析】本题属于推断题。考察理解主旨要义的能力。解题步骤：根据文章大意，“mindset”这本书介绍了2种思维 —— fixed mindsets 和 growth mindsets。结合表格的最后一段，可以得知本书的写作目的是鼓励人们树立 growth mindsets，享受更充实的人生 （a richer / fruitful life）。 2.【答案】D 【解析】本题属于细节题之推断题，综合考查获取事实性信息 和 推断能力。解题步骤：1. 确定关键词。题干关键词 people with fixed mindsets；2. 定位原文。定位到表格的左半部分的竖列，可以得知有“fixed mindsets”的人的特征是思维固化的。故选D。 3.【答案】C 【解析】本题属于细节推断题，考查定位原文和理解主旨要义的能力。解题步骤：1. 确定关键词。题干关键词 people with a growth mindset；2. 定位原文。定位到表格的右半部分的竖列，和选项进行比对。只有C选项和原文表述重合。”You have the capacity to learn and grow your skills”含义是认为，人具备学习和增长技能的能力。故选C。 B As Alexandria Country Day School's sixth-graders created miniature 3D printed villages to address homelessness, they learned lessons far beyond technology. “It Takes a Village” began as a project for a science class, inspired by life-size 3D-printed homes built by Austin, Texas-based technology company Icon. No strangers to classroom 3D projects, the students were fascinated by Icon's use of a similar process to create homes made of inexpensive concrete-like material. Unlike standard construction methods, the process of building these durable homes takes just a few days. While creating their mini 3D buildings, the students explored how such technology allows design freedom and quick changes. Mathematical conversions helped get the relations right. For example, a real25-foot-by-20-foot one-bedroom house would be printed as 40-millimeter-by-32-millimeter (about 1½ inch by 1¼ inch) for their mini village. Salwa Seman, 11, said that getting the dimensions and settings correct before construction began was challenging as she created a curved-wall amphitheater (圆形剧场). The tech-focused project quickly evolved into “an exercise in empathy (共情),innovation and cooperation designed to bring about lasting change. “When most people think of helping the homeless, they think of food and clothing drives,” said Juliet Galicia, 11.“While necessary, those are temporary fixes. Even housing by itself is not a complete solution.” In designing their leave-homelessness-behind neighborhoods, priorities were shelter, food stores, schools, and health centers. But to build a sense of belonging and purpose, the miniature communities also emphasized areas for frequent interaction among residents. "We wanted to make it feel more like a real community," said Luke Wazorko, 11.A community garden, a place to raise chickens, an amphitheater for shared events, bus stops for access to jobs, and infrastructure for Wi-Fi and cellphones to help in job searches were important features to offer formerly unhoused residents. Amber Fogarty, president of a nonprofit organization tackling homelessness in Austin, said,“Housing alone will never solve homelessness, but community will. People need a place where they are known, cared for and loved.” 4. Which can be used to describe homes created by Icon? A. Hard-sided. B. Long-lasting. C. Rough-edged D. strong-minded 5. What conclusion can we draw from Galicia'words? A. Juliet Galicia has participated in food and clothing drives in the past. B. Temporary solutions have proved to be of little help to unhoused people. C. Providing unhoused people with a place to live will solve all of their problems. D. A comprehensive approach is required to fully address the issue of homelessness. 6. The author may agree to the ideas EXCEPT that ___________ . A. a team of people can use 3D printing to build homes B. builders can adapt a 3D-printed design to fit a person's preferences C. the students faced challenges in building their miniature communities D. places for personal interactions are an important, aspect of a community 7. What is the purpose of the sixth paragraph? A. To emphasize community gardens as the most important part of neighborhoods B. To illustrate technology has nothing to do with helping unhoused people. C. To show specific ways the students focused on more than just housing. D. To promote the project as a profitable design to Austin. 【答案】BDBC 【主旨大意】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了亚历山大学校六年级的学生们利用3D打印技术打印出微缩的建筑，以帮助无家可归的流浪汉。在这个过程中，学生们学习到的不仅仅是 / 远超 3D技术。 4.【答案】B 【解析】本题属于推断题之细节判断，综合考察细节定位 和 考查推断隐含意义的能力。题目设问：Icon创造的流浪者之家有什么特征?解题步骤：结合Icon，定位到第三段。“ Unlike standard construction methods, the process of building these durable homes takes just a few days.”（并不像常规的建筑方法，建造这些耐用的流浪者之家的过程仅仅用时几天）可知 流浪者之家的特征有durable 耐用的，故选B long - lasting 持久的。 5.【答案】D 【解析】本题属于推断题。解题步骤：定位文章第5段，Galicia的言论。“When most people think of helping the homeless, they think of food and clothing drives,” said Juliet Galicia, 11.“While necessary, those are temporary fixes. Even housing by itself is not a complete solution.”（“当大部分人想到帮助流浪汉时，他们想到的是食物和衣物 /温饱。”“尽管必要，但这些都是短暂的应对。即便是住房问题本身也不是一个完美的解决方案。”）根据题意，故选D。 6.【答案】B 【解析】本题属于推测题，通过对作者倾向的考察，侧面考察了对文章的理解能力。解题步骤：1. 确定选项的关键词；2. 定位原文。3. 对比选项得出答案。对照每个选项关键词涉及到的原文。B选项的关键词 person’s preferance 个人偏好是原文没有提及的内容，故选B。 7.【答案】C 【解析】本题属于主旨题之段落主旨，考查对段落主旨的归纳。解题步骤：1. 阅读段首、段尾。2. 圈出转折词 But。“But to build a sense of belonging and purpose, the miniature communities also emphasized areas for frequent interaction among residents.”“a place to raise chickens, an amphitheater for shared events, bus stops for access to jobs, and infrastructure for Wi-Fi and cellphones to help in job searches were important features to offer formerly unhoused residents”可以得出第6段主要想说明的就是，对流浪汉的帮助不仅仅局限在衣食住行等物质层面，还要关注到社区归属感、帮助其找到工作融入社会等问题。故选C。 C Friendships can hold an exceptional place in our life stories. What is it about these connections that make them so unique? Before we dive into the science, let's first observe one in action. If I could somehow design a best friend, you know, put together all the ideal qualities of my perfect match, that person would pale in comparison to Priya. She's always there for me. Last year after I failed my important exam, it felt like my whole world was crashing down. Priya was at my door at the news. I was a wreck, but she sat there with me and listened. We were on the same page! Early childhood, adolescent, and adult friendships are all a little different in part because the brain works in different ways at those stages of life. Adolescence is a unique time when peer relationships take focus, and thanks to the developing brain, there are changes in the way you value, understand, and connect to friends. Teenage friends can seem attached at the hip. Scientists describe adolescence as a social re-adaption as teenagers begin to spend as much or more time with their friends than with their parents. This drive to hang with pals may be due to changes in the brain's reward centre. Its activation makes hanging out with others enjoyable;and motivates you to spend more time with them. Neuroimaging (神经成像) studies show that this region is highly reactive during your teenage years, which may explain why adolescents seem to place a higher value on social(interactions than children or adults. Teenage friendships can also feel closer than the friendships of your childhood.This deeper connection is possible thanks to improvements in what scientists call Theory of Mind-the ability to understand others’ emotions, thoughts, motivations, and points of view. Babies begin to develogTheory of Mind around 18 months or so. And scientists know that it continues to improve and mature well into your teenage years and beyond. Likewise, regions within the social brain show increased connectivity during adolescence compared with childhood. As a result, teens can better understand their friends' perspectives, allowing for deeper connections to develop. The ability to connect with others somewhat depends on the coordination of actions, emotions,physiology, and thoughts. This is what psychologists call interpersonal synchrony. 8. Why did the author mention the exam in paragraph 2 ? A. To introduce an exam. B. To show their close relationship. C. To serve a favorable example D. To argue against the opinion. 9. Why does adolescent friendship differ from others? A. Adult friends are attached at the hip. B. Teenagers' value stay the same. C. The brain is inactive during teenage years. D. Peer relationships play a key role in the life. 10. What can we know about Theory of Mind? A. It becomes better developed in adolescence. B. It refers to regions within the social brain. C. Babies begin to develop it around 8 months. D. It refers to the ability to understand our own emotions. 11. Which is the best title of the text? A. Are friendships different? B. Are friendships connected with your brain? C. Do friendships matter? D. How do adolescent friendships develop? 【答案】CDAB 【主旨大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在人生的不同阶段，人们对友谊的理解不同。并且探究了不同年龄阶段对友谊的理解是否与大脑有关。 8.【答案】C 【解析】本题属于推断，考查推断作者写作意图能力。题目设问：作者为什么在第二段提及考试？定位回原文第2段，可以得知作者是通过提及考试事件，来凸显对好友的赞美，通过这个论据来支持“She is always there for me.”的观点。根据题意，故选C。 9.【答案】D 【解析】本题属于推断题之细节判断，考查推断因果关系能力。题目设问：为什么青少年时期的友谊和其他阶段的不同？解题步骤：定位到文章第三段：Adolescence is a unique time when peer relationships take focus, and thanks to the developing brain, there are changes in the way you value, understand, and connect to friends. 可知，青少年时期之所以特别就在于对peer relationship的重视，故选D。 10.【答案】A 【解析】本题属于推断题之细节判断，考查推断隐含意义的能力。题目设问：关于“Theory of Mind”我们能知道什么？解题步骤：1. 确定选项的关键词；2. 定位原文第5段。3. 对比选项得出答案。对照每个选项关键词涉及到的原文。故选A。 11.【答案】B 【解析】本题属于推断题之标题选择，考查概括文章内容的能力。题目设问：本文的最佳标题是什么？标题往往要包含本文的核心论述对象，因此可以得知标题一定会含有friendship。此外，文章也在主要探讨友谊，尤其是青春期友谊和其他时间段的友谊的不同，并考虑到了大脑这个因素。可知，大脑也应该出现在标题里，故选B。 D According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both ig nd consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took, significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but tg6k significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participanayeoing to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I'll have what she's having" effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his cating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I ? 12. What is the recent study mainly about? A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand D.Eating behavior. 13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C.Picky eaters D. Tall thin persons. 14. Why did the researchers hire the actor? A. To see how she would affect the partioipants. B. To test if the participants could recognize her. C. To find out what she would do in the two tests. D. To study why she could keep her weight down. 15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph? A. How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be. C. How we observe others. D. How we feel about the food. 【答案】DDAC 【主旨大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们“饭搭子”的饮食习惯会对人们的食物摄入有影响，并且这种饮食习惯的社会性影响并不和体形呈正比，并不是想像中的“饭搭子越胖，影响越大。” 12.【答案】D 【解析】本题属于推断题之细节推断，考查学生考查推断隐含意义的能力。题目设问：最近的研究主要是关于什么的？解题要点：定位到第2段的首句：To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.（为了测试饮食习惯的社会影响力效果，研究者们实施了2场实验），可知，研究的主要是关于饮食习惯，故选D。 13.【答案】D 【解析】本题属于猜词题，考查推断生词词意能力。解题步骤：结合上下文的提示。定位到文章第1段 ——And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.（与现存的应该避免和大体重的人一起进餐的研究相反的是，……），可知，划线处是要和以往研究相反的，故选D。 14.【答案】A 【解析】本题属于推断题之逻辑判断，考查推断因果能力。定位到文章的第2段，在两场实验中，演员的外在形象不同，一次瘦，一次胖。可知，这样设计的原因是探究体形对他人的影响，故选A。 15.【答案】C 【解析】本题属于推断题，考查细节定位 + 理解段落主旨的能力。题目设问：根据最后一段，我们调整影响的依据是什么？定位到最后一段“However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his cating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I ?”故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。 Smarter ways to learn from failure Many of us were told from an early age that, at school or in life, “you learn from your mistakes.”_____16_____. The short answer is “yes"-- failure can be a teachable moment. But learning from our mistakes is, in reality, very hard because we don't like to fail. ____17____ So we react to failure in emotional ways, like giving up on a task easily, telling ourselves we don't care whether we succeed, or finding fault with the task itself. This is self-protective, according to Hallgeir Sjastad, a professor of psychology and leadership at the Norwegian School of Economics. “Most of us want to think of ourselves as capable", he says, “so when we fail, it causes a serious threat to our self-image”. Fortunately, there is a research to suggest that there are some strategies to help us overcome the emotional barriers around failure. _____18____ Instead of asking "Why did 1 fail?", we could ask "Why did Sam fail?", for example. Multiple studies by psychologist Ethan Kross at the University of Michigan show that adopting a third-person perspective helps to soften our negative emotional reactions,allowing us to look at failure more objectively. A second strategy involves offering advice to others who may be in the same position as us. _____19____ The group of adults and children were asked to give advice based on their own failures. Professors Eskreis-Winkler, Fishbach and Duckworth found that the satisfaction of helping others "forces people to connect with their experience and what they have learned". ______20______ But it now seems that we should be saying: “fail again, fail smarter". Failure is an unavoidable part of life, but by learning to overcome the emotional barriers around it, we may find the road to success is a little easier to find. A. It doesn't feel good. B. But is this actually true? C. Here are some reasons why we think so. D. But how to overcome them is a question. E. One of them is to adopt a third-person view. F. The writer Samuel Beckett once said: “fail again, fail better." G. It led to better levels of motivation and academic success in the test groups. 【答案】BAEGF 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了如何更好地从失败中学习经验。 16．【答案】B 【解析】本题设空位置在段尾, 考查过渡句的作用。解题要点：根据第二段首句 The short answer is yes. 可知，第一段的段尾句应该是一个问句，具有明显的外在线索，故选B。 17．【答案】A 【解析】本题设空位置在段中, 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。解题要点：根据空格前 从错误中学习经验事实上很困难，因为我们不喜欢失败。 以及空格后，我们会用情绪化方式来应对失败。可知，空格句要承接上文的“不喜欢”。故选A。 18．【答案】E 【解析】本题设空位置在段中, 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。解题要点：首先，前文 / 段首句，提出了帮助人们克服失败的种种策略 stratrgies。其次，根据下一段，第二个策略是……。可知空格处应该是关于（第一条）策略的内容。同时E选项中的them，能完美呼应对strategies的替代，故选E。 19．【答案】G 【解析】本题设空位置在段中, 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。解题要点：根据后文的关键词 the group of adults and children，可知前文要提到 group，故选G。 20．【答案】F 【解析】本题设空位置在段首, 考查对上下文的推理判断 和 段落主旨归纳。解题要点：空格处的后文有“fail again,fail smarter”的格式，结合But 的转折含义。可知，空白处也可能涉及类似形式，以及要与后文形成对比，故选F。 第二部分 完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last week we encountered a minor water crisis at our home. A water pipe had been leaking _____21____ within a bathroom wall, which my husband and I ____22_____ for long. Consequently, we woke up one morning to a pool of water on the bedroom floor. We ____23_____ the bedroom sofa that shares the same wall and located the ___24____ : Water had spread from a break between the wall and the floor. I got down to clearing up the ____25____ . Initially, I used towels to absorb the water. When seeing the break was not huge, I tried _____26____ back the water with a mop. But the ____27____ quickly became bigger, making more water constantly well out. This was a sign that something deeper within the wall needed our _____28_____ . We acted decisively, _____29_____ the main water line, opening up the wall and beginning the chaotic work of ______30_____ the broken pipe. Despite quite a bit of wall repair and painting to do, we were _____31____ that it was no longer leaking and our water supply was back on track. Later, we were told by an architect friend that such a small leak can become a _____32____ break and eventually do serious structural damage to our home. Big problems usually start small. I've been reflecting: How many times we don't bother to ____33____ small issues that demand our attention until they grow into big ones that almost _____34____ our life. With more care and earlier action, we can save ourselves much time and _____35_____ . 21. A.rapidly B. slightly C.heavily D.widely 22. A. expected B.discussed C.considered D.ignored 23. A.occupied B. changed C.abandoned D.removed 24. A. fault B. resource C.item D.approach 25. A. objects B. doubt C. mess D. memories 26. A. pushing B.drawing C.shipping D. blowing 27. A.floor B. leak C. pipe D.wall 28. A.mention B.service C.attention D.sympathy 29. A. breaking through B. putting aside C.taking apart D.shutting down 30. A.arranging B. preserving C. fixing D.distinguishing 31. A.curious B.anxious C. shocked D.relieved 32. A.sharp B.major C. mental D.temporary 33. A. address B. highlight C.admit D.postpone 34. A.cure B. direct C.ruin D.dominate 35. A.space B. trouble C.argument D.water 【答案】21-25 BDDAC 26-30 ABCDC 31-35 DBACB 【解析】 【主旨大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者家经历的一次漏水事件，并得出“千里之堤溃于蚁穴”的道理。 21．【答案】B 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。A. rapidly 迅速地B. slightly轻微地 C. heavily 沉重地D. widely 广泛地。 22．【答案】D 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。 A. expected 期待 B. discussed讨论 C. considered 考虑 D. ignored 忽视 。 23．【答案】D 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。A. occupied占用 B. changed改变C. abandoned抛弃 D. removed 移除。 24．【答案】A 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。A. fault故障B. resource资源C. item项目D.apporoach接近。 25．【答案】C 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。A. objects 物体B. doubt 疑惑C. mess 混乱D. memories记忆。 26．【答案】A 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。A. pushing推B. draw back 退缩C. shipping运送D. blowing吹。 27．【答案】B 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。A. floor地板 B. leak泄漏 C. pipe管道 D. wall墙。 28．【答案】C 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。A. mention提出B. service服务C. attention注意D. sympathy同情。 29．【答案】D 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。A. breaking through突破 B.putting aside搁置C. taking part参与D. shutting down 关闭。 30．【答案】C 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。A. arranging安排B. preserving保留 C. fixing修理 D. distinguishing 辨别 / 分辨。 31．【答案】D 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。A. curious好奇的B. anxious焦虑的C. shocked震惊的D. relieved放心的 / 宽慰的。 32．【答案】B 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。A. sharp 锋利的B. major严重的 C. mental精神的 D. temporary短暂的 33．【答案】A 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。A. address处理 B. highlight 强调C. admit承认D. postpone推迟。 34．【答案】C 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。A. cure治愈B. direct指导C. ruin毁坏D. dominate统治 55．【答案】B 【解析】考查语境判断之上下文推断。A. space空间B. trouble麻烦C. argument争论D. water水。 第三部分 3500词义判断（共25小题;每小题1分，满分25分） 根据句意，选择句中划线单词的恰当意思。 36. Some foods can stain the teeth, as of course can smoking. A.留下污溃 B.给.…着色 C.败坏(名声) D.腐蚀 37. The city was subjected to heavy bombing. A.使遭受 B.抵抗 C.使隶属 D.使臣服 38. She insisted on being present at all the interviews. A.存在的 B.出席的 C.目前的 D.历历在目的 39. Is it ethical to promote cigarettes through advertising? A、晋级 B.促进 C. 晋升 D.推销 40. Quit playing the fool and get some work done! A.离开(工作职位) B.搬离 C.停止 D.退出(计算机程序等) 41. I got a message you were trying to reach me. A.到达 B.伸手够到 C.取得联系 D.影响 42. What's her recipe for success? A.食谱 B.诀窍 C.原因 D.处方 43. Police have released no further details about the accident. A.释放 B.发布 C.放开 D.隐藏 44. I think the company places too much stress on cost and not enough on quality. A.重要性 B.压力 C.重读 D.紧张 45. How do I scan a photo and attach it to an email? A.细看 B.拍摄 C.浏览 D.扫描 46.Government employees may be screened by the security services.' A.放映(影片) B.审查 C.隐藏 D.筛查(是否患病) 47.Young people are very sensitive about their appearance. A.善解人意的 B.易受影响的 C. 敏感的 D.感受力强的 48. The team are looking good for a shot at the title. A.射击 B.照片 C.概率 D.尝试 49.You look very smart in that suit. A.聪明的 B.衣着得体的 C.智能的 D.迅猛的 50.Attempts to reach a mutually agreed solution have failed. A.产品 B.(练习的)答案 C.溶液 D.(困难的)解决办法 51.He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him. A.地点 B.斑点 C.困境 D.污点 52. The authorities no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers. A.订阅 B.捐赠 C.同意 D.反对 53. I suppose your presence here today is not entirely coincidental. A.假设 B.支持 C.认为 D.签署 54. We laughed and that helped ease the tension. A.(情绪上的)紧张 B.紧张局势 C.(肌肉等)绷紧 D.尴尬 55. She accused the press photographers of violating her privacy. A.违反 B.搅扰 C.亵渎 D.侵犯(隐私等) 56. Try not to let your mind wander. A.漫步 B.惊叹 C.偏离 D.走神 57. The smart money (知情者) says that he's likely to withdraw from the leadership campaign. A.取(账户中的钱) B.(军队)撤离 C.退出 D.停止提供 58. The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. A.保护 B.保持 C.腌制 D.禁止他人捕猎 59.Her work for the advancement of the status of women in India was recognized by the whole nation. A.地位 B.雕塑 C.情形 D.学历 60. With all due respect I submit that you're asking the wrong question. / A.提交(文件等) B.屈服 C.主张 D.使经受 【答案】36-40 BABDC 41-45 CBBAD 46-50 BCDBD 51-55 ACCAD 56 -60 DCAAC 第四部分 语法填空（共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In ____61_____ Forbidden City's Xi San Suo courtyards, the clock restoration master Wang Jin spends his days restoring antique timepieces ____62____ (date) back hundreds of years.The Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world. With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height, each of these _____63_____ (require) its own unique method of restoration. It seems unlikely ____64____ the restoration of these clocks will ever be complete. They will eventually need ____65___ (repair) again. Despite this, Mr. Wang remains optimistic _____66____ the future of these timepieces. He has passed on his skills to new members, including his son, _____67____ will take on future repairs. This new ______68____ (generate) of artisans will help preserve traditional skills and bring innovation to the craft. Walking through the seven crimson gates towards his workplace, Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum, ______69_____ he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him. In today's fast-paced world, inside the hidden courtyards of Xi San Suo, there is something timeless about the way Mr. Wang and his colleagues sedately (沉着地) piece together the past with _____70____ (skill) hands and modest hearts. It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country. 参考答案： 61.the 62. dating 63. requires 64. that 65. to be repaired / repairing 66.about 67. who 68. generation 69. although 70. skilled 61.【答案】the 【解析】本题考查冠词。解题步骤：1. 判断考点。本题无提示词，考虑介词/代词/连词/冠词。结合空白处后面为名词，判断考点为冠词。同时，该空与后文构成了特指关系，答案为the。 62.【答案】dating 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。提示词为动词，考虑动词时态/语态/主谓一致/非谓语/词性变化。2. 满足「有谓无连」，确定填非谓语动词。antique timepieces和date之间是主动关系，故填dating。 63.【答案】requires 【解析】本题谓语动词。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。提示词为动词，考虑动词时态/语态/主谓一致/非谓语/词性变化。2. 不满足有谓无连，换言之，句子缺失谓语动词，所以确定考点为谓语动词考察。3.考虑 时态、语态、主谓一致。结合上下文，确定时态为一般现在时；主语each of these 和 require 之间不存在被动；主语是单数形式。三者综合，故答案为requires 64.【答案】that 【解析】本题考查主语从句。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。无提示词，考虑介词/代词/连词/冠词。2.该空后为名词，结合固定搭配，确定考点是 be optimistic about。故此处填介词about。 65.【答案】to be required / repairing 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词及固定搭配。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。提示词为动词，考虑动词时态/语态/主谓一致/非谓语/词性变化。2. 判断词形。该空所在句无连接词，一个谓语动词，则该空只能填非谓语动词。本题考查非谓语动词及固定搭配。同时存在固定搭配need doing = need to be done，故该空填to be required / repairing. 66.【答案】about 【解析】本题考查介词。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。无提示词，考虑介词/代词/连词/冠词。2. 判断词形。该空应填谓语动词。考虑时态，参考前文谓语动词is，可确定为一般现在时；考虑主被动，主语与动词间关系为被动；考虑主谓一致，主语为it，为第三人称单数。综上所述，应填is marked。 67.【答案】who 【解析】本题考查定语从句。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。无提示词，考虑介词/代词/连词/冠词。2. 确定答案。该空所在句有两个谓语动词，可知空格所在处应补充一个连词，考虑为定语从句。从句缺少主语，先行词his son为人，故此处填关系代词who。 68.【答案】generation 【解析】本题考查名词。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。提示词动词，考虑考虑动词时态/语态/主谓一致/非谓语/词性变化。2. 结合句子判断，句子有自己的谓语动词，也不需要非谓语。确认考点为词性变化。3. 结合句意，需要名词 generation ，表示新一代。 69.【答案】although 【解析】本题考查让步状语从句。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。无提示词，考虑介词/代词/连词/冠词。2. 句子谓语动词数量判断。句子中有2个谓语动词，因此需要从句连词。3. 句形判断，主句从句之间存在明显的界限，首先考虑状语从句。结合句意，确定是让步状从。答案为although。 70.【答案】skilled 【解析】本题考查形容词。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。提示词动词，考虑考虑动词时态/语态/主谓一致/非谓语/词性变化。2. 结合句子判断，句子有自己的谓语动词，也不需要非谓语。确认考点为词性变化。3. 结合句意，空白处的后面为名词，需要形容词进行修饰。答案为skilled。 第五部分 单句语法填空（共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 71. Animal lovers said earlier that the case was a step in the right direction against _________ (legal) ownership of endangered animals. 72. These whales have been hunted to near _________ (extinct), and only about 2,500 exist today. 73. Although Cascade volcanoes do not crupt frequently, they ____ _______ (threat) major populations and developments. 74. At times she fell asleep in her seat and dreamed of ______________ (surround) by packs of wild wolves. 75. Companies across the country donated supplies and ___________(equip) to assist him with his expedition. 76. Enjoy a Russian folk-art exhibition _____________ (feature) a wide range of exhibits including Russian dolls, batik and Christmas decorations. 77. I take enjoyment and __________ (satisfy) from my work, my family and leisure activities. 78. They are also having great fun, ___________ (absorb) in what they are doing, breaking off only to fire insistent questions at their teacher. 79. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people ___________ (trap) in powerless high-rise buildings. 80. The diary makes a very interesting read, and the author has an ____________ (admire) sense of humour. 81. If it were not for the fact that the cost per hour of being here is __________ (remarkable) high, I would recommend that everyone work this way. 82.Fond of using wood as medium, Frank began to gain ___________ (recognize) for his woodcuts and wood engravings. 83.The __________ (survive) of museums depends on a complete rethink of our exhibits and approaches to marketing them. 84. Social researchers are urging employers to reduce workers' long hours ,__________(argue) that extended working days are bad for business. 85.The book describes the changes that __________ (occur) in the landscape over the past decade. 86. We can picture exactly _________ he means because we have now seen films of astronauts orbiting the Earth in spacecraft. 87.Eventually, they accommodated my needs by moving me to a jobI can work from home most days. 88. I was at that show and, as ___________ matter of fact, I saw your bike getting smashed. 89. The club is well aware __________ its responsibilities and treats the situation very seriously. 90. Can I depend on ______________ that this won't take place again? 参考答案： 71. illeagal 72. extinction 73. have threatened 74. being surrounded 75. equipments 76. featuring 77. satisfication 78. absorbed 79. trapped 80. admirable 81. remarkably 82. recognization 83. survival 84. arguing 85. have occured 86. what 87. where 88. a 89. of 90. that 71.【答案】illegal 【解析】本题考查形容词。结合句意，可知动物保护者认为这个案件是反对濒危动物非法持有的正确方向的一步。题目所给是legal , 变为反义词 illeagal 即可。 62.【答案】extinction 【解析】本题考查名词。结合句意，这些鲸鱼曾经被捕捞至近乎灭绝。空白处需要的是“灭绝”名词。 63.【答案】have threatened 【解析】本题谓语动词。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。提示词为动词，考虑动词时态/语态/主谓一致/非谓语/词性变化。2. 主句不满足有谓无连，换言之，主语缺失谓语动词，所以确定考点为谓语动词考察。3.考虑 时态、语态、主谓一致。结合句意，尽管火山没有频繁地爆发，但仍然对主要人口和经济发展产生威胁。句意中有明显强调对现在的影响，故使用现在完成。不存在被动，结合主语是复数，确定答案为have threatened. 74.【答案】being surrounded. 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词及固定搭配。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。提示词为动词，考虑动词时态/语态/主谓一致/非谓语/词性变化。2. 判断词形。该空所在句无连接词，一个谓语动词，则该空只能填非谓语动词。本题考查非谓语动词及固定搭配。同时存在固定搭配介词后接doing。3. 判断主被动，she 和 surround 之间是被动。故该空填being surrounded. 75.【答案】equipments 【解析】本题考查词性转化。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。参考词是动词。2. 结合句意，and 前后并列同词性单词。判断空白处应该是名词。3. 判断使用名词复数。故该空填equipments。 76.【答案】featuring 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词及固定搭配。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。提示词为动词，考虑动词时态/语态/主谓一致/非谓语/词性变化。2. 判断词形。该空所在句无连接词，一个谓语动词，则该空只能填非谓语动词。3. 判断主被动，exhibition 和 feature 之间是主动。故该空填featuring. 77.【答案】satisfication 【解析】本题考查词性转化。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。参考词是动词。2. 结合句意，and 前后并列同词性单词。判断空白处应该是名词。因此，本题需要动词转名词，答案是satisfication. 78.【答案】absorbed 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词及固定搭配。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。提示词为动词，考虑动词时态/语态/主谓一致/非谓语/词性变化。2. 判断词形。该空所在句无连接词，一个谓语动词，则该空只能填非谓语动词。3. 判断主被动，they 和 absorb 之间是被动。故该空填absorbed. 79.【答案】trapped 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词及固定搭配。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。提示词为动词，考虑动词时态/语态/主谓一致/非谓语/词性变化。2. 判断词形。该空所在句无连接词，一个谓语动词，则该空只能填非谓语动词。3. 判断主被动，elderly people 和 trap 之间是被动。故该空填trapped。 80.【答案】admirable 【解析】本题考查形容词。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。提示词动词，考虑考虑动词时态/语态/主谓一致/非谓语/词性变化。2. 结合句子判断，句子有自己的谓语动词，也不需要非谓语。确认考点为词性变化。3. 结合句意，空白处的后面为名词，需要形容词进行修饰。答案为admirable。 81.【答案】remarkably 【解析】本题考查副词。进行句子成分分析，空白处需要修饰high这个形容词，副词修饰形容词。所以答案是把remarkable变为副词。 82.【答案】recognization 【解析】本题考查名词。进行句子成分分析，空白处应该是gain这个动词的宾语，因此要变为名词形式，recognization。 83.【答案】survival 【解析】本题考查名词。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。提示词动词，考虑考虑动词时态/语态/主谓一致/非谓语/词性变化。2. 结合句子判断，句子有自己的谓语动词，也不需要非谓语。确认考点为词性变化。3. 结合句意，空白处要表示的是博物馆的生存，换言之 ， 空白处要与后面的所有格共同构成句子的主语。因此，需要名词形式。答案为survival。 84. 【答案】arguing 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词及固定搭配。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。提示词为动词，考虑动词时态/语态/主谓一致/非谓语/词性变化。2. 判断词形。该空所在句无连接词，一个谓语动词，则该空只能填非谓语动词。3. 判断主被动，social researchers 和 argue 之间是主动。故该空填arguing。 85. 【答案】have occured 【解析】本题考察谓语动词。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。提示词为动词，考虑动词时态/语态/主谓一致/非谓语/词性变化。2. 空白处所在的句子不满足有谓无连，换言之，缺失谓语动词，所以确定考点为谓语动词考察。3.考虑 时态、语态、主谓一致。结合时间标志词 over the past decade，确定时态为现在完成，changes 和 occur是主动，结合主语是复数形式，确定答案为have occurred。 86. 【答案】what 【解析】本题考察宾语从句。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。无参考词，考虑介词 / 代词/ 连词 / 冠词。2. 进行句子成分分析，发现存在宾语从句。3. 分析宾语从句，宾语从句缺少宾语，故该空填what。 87. 【答案】where 【解析】本题考察定语从句。解题步骤：1. 判断词性及考点。无参考词，考虑介词 / 代词/ 连词 / 冠词。2. 进行句子成分分析，从句出现在名词后，考虑定语从句。3. 确定先行词是job，分析定语从句的句子成分，发现缺少地点状语「从整关系副」，故该空填wheret。 88. 【答案】a 【解析】本题考查固定搭配。as a matter of fact “事实上，实际” 89. 【答案】of 【解析】本题考查固定搭配。be aware of ... “意识到……” 90. 【答案】that 【解析】本题考查宾语从句连词。进行从句句子成分分析，发现不缺成分，因此需要用连词that 第 2 页 共 10 页 第 1 页 共 10 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $