Unit1past and present（Welcome～Reading 讲义+练习 ）2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

译林版英语 Unit 1 past and present   课时1 Welcome-Reading

Introduction&welcome to the unit

1.past 名词（n.）—— 过去；往事             in the past 在过去

形容词（adj.）—— 过去的；昔日的      past experience 过去的经历

介词（prep.）—— 超过；经过（时间 / 地点）   half past six 六点半（= six thirty，基础考点）

地点 / 位置表达（经过）              walk past the park 走过公园

Present 名词（n.）—— 现在；目前         at present 目前；现在= now

礼物 receive a present 收到礼物

形容词（adj.）—— 现在的；出席的 present life 现在的生活 be present at 出席……（如会议、课堂）

动词（v.）—— 呈现；颁发；赠送 present sth. to sb. = present sb. with sth. 把某物颁发 / 赠送给某人

2.Development is the key to success. 发展是成功的关键。

①the key to... ......的关键/......的钥匙   （to 为介词，后面跟名词/代词/动词ing形式）

 类似用法：the answer to...  ......的答案     the solution to... ......的解决方法

          the way to...  .......的路          the guide to...  ......的指南

②success  n.成功 --successful adj.成功的    successfully adv.成功地    succeed v.成功

3.Great changes have taken place in China over the years.

change v.改变，变更   n.变化；零钱     great changes 巨大的变化

change...into...把......变成......

take place “发生”（计划发生）   区别：happen “发生”（偶然发生）

共同点：两者都为不及物动词，没有被动语态。

例题：

1.Over the past ten years, great _______ (change) have taken place in our hometown.

2.It’s necessary for teenagers _______ (change) their bad learning habits as soon as possible.

4.   Transport at different times. 不同时代的交通。

transport  n.交通运输系统；运输，运送（不可数）

public transport 公共交通  transport system交通系统

V.运输，运送   transport sb/sth to sp. 运送某人/某物到......

5.   乘坐交通工具的表达：

go to sp. by+交通工具

take a/the+交通工具+to sp.

go to sp. on a/the +交通工具

go to sp. on foot=walk to sp.

ride a/the bike to sp.=go to sp. by bike

6.   I used to go to school by bike.

used to 曾经

★used to do sth 过去常常作某事

be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

be used to do sth 被用来做某事

例题：

1.   My grandfather _______ drink tea after dinner, but now he _______ drinking coffee.

A. used to; is used to   B. is used to; used to    C. used to; used to     D. is used to; is used to

2.When I first moved to this city, I _______(not use / live) in such a big apartment, so I felt a little uncomfortable.

3.— _______ you _______ (swim) in the river when you were a kid? — Yes, but now the river is too dirty.

7.   ...and they were always crowded.

crowded adj. 拥挤的        a crowded street/bus 拥挤的街道/公交     be crowded with 挤满

→crowd n.人群，一伙人，一帮人   a crowd of 一群    crowds of 成群的   in the crowd 在人群中

     v.挤满  crowd into 涌入......      crowd around 围在......周围

例题：

1.   On weekends, there is always a large _______ of people in the shopping mall.

A. crowd      B. crowded      C. crowds     D. crowding

2.  The streets in the old town are usually _______ during the Spring Festival.

A. crowd      B. crowded      C. crowding     D. crowds

8.   But now they are comfortable and convenient.

  convenient  adj.方便的，便捷的 （反义词：inconvenient）  →convenience  n.方便

例题：

1.Online shopping brings great _______ (convenient) to people’s daily life—you can buy anything at home.

2.— Why do you prefer online banking? — Because it’s a __way to manage money without going to the bank.

A. convenient      B. conveniently      C. convenience       D. inconvenient

 

Reading

1.The rise of Shenzhen   深圳的崛起  （rise-rose-risen）

rise  vi (太阳，月亮)升起；（价格，温度，水位等）上涨，升高；起身；（声望，地位）提高

n.上升，上涨

raise  v.举起，提高，抚养，筹集（raise-raised-raised）

例题：

1. The teacher asked Tom to _______ his voice so that everyone in the classroom could hear him.

A. rise      B. rose       C. raise        D. raised

2. The river level _______ after the heavy rain last week, so some roads were flooded.

A. rose     B. raised      C. has risen     D. has raised

· 

2.In about 40years,Shenzhen,a city in southern China,has developed from a fishing village to a top high-tech city.

①southern adj.南方的，南部的   southern city 南方城市  southern food 南方美食

→south n/adv 南方；向南方，朝南   go south 向南走   face south 朝南

 拓：方位名词+-ern ----方位形容词 

east --eastern    north---northern     west---western

例题：

It’s warmer in the _______ (south) part of the country than in the north.

 They decided to drive _______ (south) along the coast to enjoy the sea views.

3.A pioneer in China’s reform and opening up，Shenzhen has attracted workers from across the world.

①reform v.改革，改进   n.改革（不可数）；一次改革（可数）

reform the education system  改革教育体系     reform the rules 改革规则   

educational reform 教育改革   carry out reforms 进行改革

reform one’s bad habits=get rid of bad habits 改掉坏习惯

②open up  打开，开放，倾诉    open up one’s eyes 开拓眼界   open up to sb 向某人倾诉

③attract v.吸引，招引     attract one’s attention 吸引某人注意

→attraction n.吸引人的事物，向往的地方    tourist attraction 旅游景点

→attractive  adj.有吸引力的，迷人的      attractive prices 诱人的价格

例题：

1.Her warm smile and kind personality make her very _______ (attract) to everyone around her.

The city is famous for its natural _______ (attract) such as mountains and lakes.

The latest movie _______ (attract) a lot of attention since it was released last month.

3.Innovation lies at the very heart of the city.

①at the very heart of...   ......的核心

②lie v.位于     (位于：lie--lay--lain--lying; 撒谎：lie--lied--lied--lying)

 n.谎言    tell lies 撒谎   lie to sb 对某人撒谎

③innovation n.创新，革新（不可数）；新方法，新事物（可数）

→innovate v.创新，革新    innovate in sth 在某方面创新

→innovative adj.创新的，富有创新精神的     innovative ideas  创新想法

4.Today，it is leading the move from “made in China” to “Created in China”.

①lead v.导致（结果）；带领，引领  （lead--led--led--leading）

lead to 导致；通往（地方）    lead sb to sp.带领某人去某地   lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事