第10讲 七年级下册Unit 5 Here and Now语法、写作篇（寒假预习讲义）七年级英语新教材人教版

第10讲 七年级下册Unit 5 Here and Now语法、写作篇（寒假预习讲义） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 语法（现在进行时） 　　现在进行时表示现在(说话时)正在进行的动作或存在的状态,也可表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 知识点1. 现在进行时的构成 　　现在进行时是由“be动词+动词的现在分词(v.-ing)”构成的,be动词有人称和数的变化,主语为I用am,you用are,第三人称单数(he, she, it)用is,复数人称都用are。其句式结构为: (1)肯定句:主语+be (am, is, are)+v.-ing+其他. I am doing my homework. 我正在做家庭作业。 (2)否定句:主语+be (am, is, are)+not+v.-ing+其他. My mother isn't cleaning the room. 我妈妈没有在打扫房间。 (3)一般疑问句及答语:Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+v.-ing+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+be. 否定回答:No,主语+be+not. —Are they playing basketball? 他们正在打篮球吗? —Yes, they are./No, they aren't. 是的,他们在打。/不,他们没在打。 (4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be (am, is, are)+主语+v.-ing+其他? —What is she doing?她正在做什么? —She is reading a book.她正在读书。 知识点2. 现在分词的变化规则 规则 示例 一般情况,直接在动词原形末尾加-ing play—playing read—reading 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing make—making take—taking 以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing begin—beginning swim—swimming run—running 少数以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加-ing lie—lying die—dying 知识点3. 现在进行时的使用场合 (1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,常与now、at the moment等时间状语连用。 They are talking on the phone now.他们现在正在打电话。 (2)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态,常与this week、 this year、 these days等时间状语连用。 I'm really getting into jazz these days. 我最近真的开始喜欢爵士乐了。 (3)当有“Look!”“Listen!”等词时,常说明后面的动作正在发生。 Look! They are playing football. 看!他们正在踢足球。 (4)有些动词的现在进行时可表示将要发生的动作,一般后面跟表示将来的时间状语,如come、 go、 leave、 arrive、 start等。 The bus is coming soon.公共汽车很快就要来了。 知识点4.现在进行时与一般现在时的区别 (1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如： I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情) I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为) (2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。 What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么？ They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。 They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。 They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。 (3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。 The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。 His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。 (4) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。 I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。 I’m hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢。 知识点5.现在进行时的特殊用法 （1）现在进行时表暂时 现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况，或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的状况。 —What’s your daughter doing these days? 你女儿现在在干什么? —She’s studying English at Durham University. 她在达勒姆大学学习英语。 这种情况不一定在说话时发生： Don’t take that ladder away. Your father’s using it . 别把梯子拿走，你父亲在用呢。(即不一定现在在用。) She’s at her best when she’s making big decisions. 当做出最大决定时，她处于最佳状态。 暂时发生的事情也可以是在说话时正在进行着： The river is flowing very fast after last night’s rain. 昨夜下过雨后，河水流速很快。 现在进行时也用来表示当前的动向： People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days. 如今人们对吸烟较为难以忍受了。 （2）现在进行时表将来 意为：意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用词为come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你下周还待在这吗？ 随堂训练 1．Look, some boys ________ kites in the park. A．fly B．are flying C．flew D．is flying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：看，一些男孩正在公园里放风筝。 考查现在进行时态。句首的Look表示动作正在进行，因此应使用现在进行时。主语some boys是复数，谓语动词需用复数形式are flying。故选B。 2．—May I help you? —Yes, please. I am ________ the potatoes. I can’t ________ them. A．looking for; find B．look for; find C．find; looking for D．find; look for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——需要帮忙吗？——是的，请。我正在寻找土豆。我找不到它们。 考查动词辨析和时态。look for寻找；find找到。第一个空“am”后需接现在分词表示进行时，用“looking for”强调寻找过程；第二个空“can’t”后需接动词原形，用“find”强调找到的结果。故选A。 3．—Dad, where is Mum? —In the kitchen. She ________ dinner for us at the moment. A．will cook B．cooked C．is cooking D．cooks 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——爸爸，妈妈在哪里？——在厨房。她此刻正在为我们做晚饭。 考查现在进行时。will cook将会做饭，一般将来时态；cooked做饭，动词过去式；is cooking正在做饭，现在进行时态；cooks做饭，动词第三人称单数形式。根据“at the moment”可知句子是现在进行时态，选项C的“is cooking”符合题意。故选C。 4．Debbie ________ Elizabeth is a very cool lady. She ________ about visiting Elizabeth during the winter holiday. A．is thinking; is thinking B．thinks; thinks C．thinks; is thinking D．is thinking; thinks 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Debbie认为Elizabeth是一位很酷的女士。她正在考虑在寒假期间拜访Elizabeth。 考查动词时态。第一空结合语境可知是发表自己的看法，此处应用一般现在时，主语Debbie是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式thinks；第二空表示当前正在进行的思考或计划，用现在进行时is thinking。故选C。 5．—Look! The boys ________ fun flying kites in the park. —Wow! Each of them ________ a kite. A．have; have B．are having; has C．have; is having D．are having; have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——看！男孩们正在公园里开心地放风筝。——哇！他们每个人都有一个风筝。 考查时态和主谓一致。第一空，根据“Look!”可知，句子时态是现在进行时，其结构为“be动词+动词现在分词”，主语“The boys”是复数，be动词用are，have的现在分词是having；第二空，根据“Each of them”可知，主语是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，have的第三人称单数形式是has。故选B。 单元写作 本单元的写作任务是描述人们正在进行的活动。本单元要求学生使用所学的词汇和句式介绍自己或他人正在做的事情,涉及的时态是现在进行时。与此有关的写作内容通常包括:①介绍某人在某时、某地正在做的事情;②描述不同时区的人们正在做的事情。 该话题对应的书面表达的体裁以记叙文和应用文为主。应用文包括信件和电子邮件等。应用文要符合对应文体的写作格式。 1.写作实例 　　假设你是李华,你和你父母正在平遥度假。请你给你的朋友玛丽写一封信,根据以下提示内容,介绍你在平遥的度假情况。 提示内容:1.你和你父母正在平遥度假; 2.现在是上午十点,你们正在做不同的事情; 3.发挥想象,描述你和你父母正在做的事情; 4.表达你们对平遥的感受和期望。 写作要求:1.必须包含上述提示内容,可适当发挥想象; 2.词数80左右。 2.审题指导 1.体裁:应用文(信件)    2.时态:以现在进行时为主    3.人称:以第一人称为主 4.必备词汇: （1）write to sb. 给某人写信　 （2）have a holiday 度假 （3）walk along... 沿着……走　 （4）take photos of... 拍……的照片　 （5）buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物　 （6）have a great time 玩得开心 （7）hope to do sth. 希望做某事 （8）Let's take a look at what these families are doing.让我们看看这些家庭正在做什么。(含有宾语从句的主从复合句) （9）I know the time here is twelve hours ahead of that in New York.我知道这里的时间比纽约早十二个小时。(含有宾语从句的主从复合句) 3.谋篇布局 优秀范文 Dear Mary, How's everything going? I am writing to you from Pingyao! I am here with my parents. We're having a holiday here. 　　Now it's 10:00 a.m. We are doing different things. I am walking along city walls. My father is taking photos of me. My mother is buying posters for her friends. We love Pingyao very much.We're having a great time!　 We hope to visit here again. Yours, Li Hua 一．选择填空 1．Look! The boys ________ the pigeons over there. A．fed B．feed C．will feed D．are feeding 【答案】D 【详解】句意：看！那些男孩正在那边喂鸽子。 考查时态辨析。根据“Look!”可知，常用于引起注意当前正在发生的动作，故句子需用现在进行时表示“正在喂”。故选D。 2．Listen! The birds ________ in the tree. A．is singing B．are singing C．sing D．sings 【答案】B 【详解】句意：听！鸟儿们在树上唱歌。 考查时态和主谓一致。is singing正在唱歌，主语为第三人称单数；are singing正在唱歌，主语为复数或第二人称；sing唱歌，动词原形；sings唱歌，动词第三人称单数形式。根据“Listen!”可知，句子时态是现在进行时，其结构为“be+动词的现在分词”，主语“The birds”是复数，be动词用are。故选B。 3．—Where is Tom? —He _________ basketball with his friends on the playground. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．will play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Tom在哪里？——他正在操场上和朋友们打篮球。 考查动词的时态。plays玩，一般现在时态；played玩，一般过去时态；is playing正在玩，现在进行时态；will play将会玩，一般将来时态；根据问句“Where is Tom?”询问当前位置，答句需描述正在发生的动作，因此用现在进行时表示动作正在进行。故选C。 4．My family ________ dumplings for dinner now. A．is making B．made C．makes D．make 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的家人现在正在为晚餐包饺子。 考查动词时态。时间状语“now”表示动作正在进行，所以用现在进行时，其结构为“be动词+现在分词”。主语“my family”在此处强度整体，视为单数，故用is making。故选A。 5．—Is Jack here? —No, he ________ football on the playground now. A．play B．is playing C．plays D．are playing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——杰克在这里吗？——不，他现在正在操场上踢足球。 考查动词的时态。时间状语“now”表示动作正在进行，结构为“be动词 + 动词ing形式”；主语“he”是第三人称单数，需用is playing。故选B。 二．写作 现在是课外活动时间，看看你的同学们都在做什么吧！请根据表格中的信息提示写一篇英语短文，描述你们的课外活动（可适当增加细节），并谈谈你的感想。词数90左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Name Activity Place Lucy 弹钢琴 in the music room Lily 练习唱歌 in the music room John 打篮球 on the playground Sam 上网（surf the Internet） in the computer room Alice 阅读 in the reading room Now class is over. It’s time for after-school activities. Let’s see what my classmates are doing! ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【写作提示】 1.主题：同学们在课外活动时间正在进行的活动 2.人称：以第三人称为主 3.时态：现在进行时 4.要点：描述同学们正在哪里进行什么活动、谈论你的感受 5.写作思路：首先点明主题，引出下文对同学们正在做的活动进行介绍；接着具体描述同学们在课外活动时间正在进行的活动；最后表达你的感受，总结全文。 【范文】 Now class is over. It’s time for after-school activities. Let’s see what my classmates are doing! Lucy is playing the piano in the music room. She likes piano music. Lily is practising singing in the music room to get ready for the school talent show. John is playing basketball on the playground with his friends. What about Sam? He is surfing the Internet in the computer room to get some useful information for his homework. And Alice is reading a book in the reading room. She likes reading and wants to be a writer in the future. They are all having a good time after school. 一.根据语境及括号内的提示内容填空。 1. Listen! Who (sing) in the next room? 2. Tina and Jack (walk) the dog in the park right now. 3. It's seven o' clock now. My sister (study) for an exam in the room. 4.Sorry, buddy. I (drive)at the moment. Can I call you back later? 5. David (not swim) in the sea. He (play) volleyball at the beach now. 【答案】1.is singing 2.are walking 3.is studying 4.am driving 5.isn't swimming;is playing 二.按要求完成句子，每空一词(含缩略词)。 6.— Are you waiting for the bus now?(作否定回答) — No, . 7. Tom and Kevin are running on the sports field.(改为否定句) Tom and Kevin on the sports field. 8. Alice is riding a bike right now.(对画线部分提问) is riding a bike right now? 9. I'm shopping for food and drink in the supermarket. (对画线部分提问) you shopping for food and drink? 10. Mary has a piano lesson after school. (用 at the moment 改写句子) Mary a piano lesson at the moment. 【答案】6.I'm not 7.aren't running 8.Who 9.Where are 10.is having 三. 用括号内所给单词的正确形式完成短文。 Today is the Dragon Boat Festival. Look! Mr Gao 11. (stand) near the window. His wife, Mrs Gao, 12. (sit) behind him and 13. (read) a book. She closes the book and asks her husband, “What are you looking at?” “I 14. (look) at a boy,” Mr Gao answers. “He's under the tree near our house.” “Oh,” Mrs Gao says, “what 15. (be) he16. doing(do) now?” “He 17. is cleaning(clean) the seat,” says Mr Gao. “Now he 18. (ride) my bike.” Mrs Gao looks out of the window and then she says, “Ah, 19. (be) you 20. ( wear)your glasses now? He's our son! He is going to buy some zongzi.” 【答案】11. is standing 12. is sitting 13. reading 14. am looking 15. is16. doing 17. is cleaning 18. is riding 19. are 20. wearing 4． 写作 假如你是Peter,现在是周六晚上八点钟,你们一家人正在家里做各自最喜欢的事情,请根据表格中的内容,写一篇英语短文介绍你们正在做的事。 要求: 1.短文必须包含表格中的所有信息,可适当发挥;2.词数80左右。     谁 做什么 为什么 爸爸 喝茶、吃甜品 感到放松 妈妈 跳舞 保持健康 哥哥 练习说英语 为了实现梦想 Peter 洗餐具 想为父母做一些事情 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】 Now, it's eight o'clock at night on Saturday. My parents, my brother and I are all at home. We are doing different things at the moment. My father is drinking tea and eating desserts at the same time. Tea and desserts are always the things that can make him feel relaxed. My mother is dancing in the living room because she wants to keep healthy in this way. My brother is practicing speaking English. He studies hard in order to make his dream come true. As for me, I'm washing the dishes. Do you know why I am doing it? That's because I want to do something for my parents. We are doing the things we are willing to do, so we are all happy. 知识导图记忆 定义：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (am is are ) +doing——动词变现在分词 动词现在分词的变化规则。 直接在动词原形之后加-ing look/looking, think/ thinking, study/studying 以不发音的字母-e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing come/coming, take/taking, dance/dancing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing run/running,swim/swimming,shop/shopping,stop/stopping, begin/beginning 少数几个以-ie结尾的动词,要变ie为y,再加-ing die/dying, lie/lying, tie/tying 句型： be (am is are ) +doing 陈述句 He is washing the dishes now. 否定句 He is not washing the dishes now. 疑问句 Is he washing the dishes now? Yes, he is./No,he isn’t. 时间标志：现在进行时的时间状语有:now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等。 一．选择填空 1．Turn off the radio, please. My grandma ________ now. A．sleeps B．is sleeping C．slept D．will sleep 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请关掉收音机。我奶奶现在正在睡觉。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“now”，表示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时，其结构为“be动词(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词”。故选B。 2．—What is Cindy doing? —She is _________ her pet dog everywhere, but she can’t _________ it. A．finding; look for B．looking for; find C．finding out; look for D．finding; find out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——辛迪在做什么？——她正在到处寻找她的宠物狗，但是她找不到它。 考查动词短语辨析。look for寻找，强调寻找的动作；find找到，强调寻找的结果；find out查明，弄清楚，通常用于经过一番调查或研究后得出结果。根据语境可知，第一空表示正在寻找宠物狗，强调动作，所以用look for，且句子是现在进行时，动词用现在分词形式，即looking for；第二空表示找不到宠物狗，强调结果，所以用find，情态动词can’t后接动词原形。故选B。 3．“Are you ________?” Emilia was ________. A．joke; shocking B．joking; shocked C．joking; shocking D．joke; shocked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“你在开玩笑吗？”Emilia很震惊。 考查动词形式和形容词辨析。joke玩笑（名词），开玩笑（动词）；joking开玩笑（现在分词）；shocking令人震惊的；shocked感到震惊的。第一空根据“Are you...”可知“Are”后接动词现在分词形式构成现在进行时；第二空应为shocked，强调Emilia的感受。故选B。 4．Today is my mother’s birthday. I ________ a surprise dinner for her now. A．prepare B．am preparing C．was preparing D．prepared 【答案】B 【详解】句意：今天是我妈妈的生日。我现在正在为她准备一个惊喜晚餐。 考查动词的时态。prepare（一般现在时）准备；am preparing（现在进行时）正在准备；was preparing（过去进行时）过去正在准备；prepared（一般过去时）准备了。根据“now”可知，本句时态是现在进行时，其结构是“am/is/are+现在分词”，主语I对应的be动词是am，prepare的现在分词是preparing。故选B。 5．My sister often ________ TV in the evening, but now she ________ her homework. A．watch; is doing B．watches; does C．watches; is doing D．watch; does 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我姐姐经常在晚上看电视，但现在她正在做作业。 考查动词时态辨析。watches看，一般现在时第三人称单数；watched看，一般过去时；is doing正在做，现在进行时；does做，一般现在时第三人称单数。根据第一空“often”可知用一般现在时，主语“My sister”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用watches；第二空“now”表示正在进行的动作，用现在进行时is doing，符合语境。故选C。 二．填空 1．— you (get) ready for the spring festival? —Yes, we are doing some cleaning. 【答案】 Are getting 【详解】句意：——你正在为春节做准备吗？——是的，我们正在打扫卫生。现在进行时的一般疑问句的结构是“be动词+主语+现在分词+其他?”。主语是you，所以be动词用are，位于句首，首字母大写；get的现在分词是getting。故填Are；getting。 2．Look! The mother bird (feed) her babies. 【答案】is feeding 【详解】句意：看！鸟妈妈正在喂她的宝宝。根据“Look!”可知，此处描述正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，其结构为“be动词+动词的现在分词”，主语“The mother bird”为第三人称单数，be动词应用is，动词feed“喂”的现在分词为feeding。故填is feeding。 3．Look! A baby is (sit) on his father’s shoulder (肩膀). How lovely he is! 【答案】sitting 【详解】句意：看！一个婴儿正坐在他父亲的肩膀上。他多么可爱啊！sit“坐”是动词。由“Look!”可知，句子应用现在进行时，结构为“be + 现在分词”。故填sitting。 4．Look! The children (fly) kites on the playground. 【答案】are flying 【详解】句意：看！孩子们正在操场上放风筝。根据“Look!”可知，此处表示正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，结构为“be + 现在分词”；主语“The children”是复数，be动词用“are”，“fly”的现在分词是“flying”。故填are flying。 5．Li Lin (paint) quietly in the park now. 【答案】is painting 【详解】句意：李琳现在正在公园里安静地画画。根据时间状语now可知用现在进行时，结构为be + doing，主语为Li Lin，be动词用is，paint的现在分词为painting。故填is painting。 6．The children are (enjoy) nature in the park. 【答案】enjoying 【详解】句意：孩子们正在公园里享受大自然。根据“are ... nature”可知，空处用现在分词enjoying“享受”，与are构成现在进行时结构。故填enjoying。 7．They are (tidy) up the garden now. 【答案】tidying 【详解】句意：他们现在正在整理花园。句中now“现在”是现在进行时的标志词，结构为“am/is/are + 动词现在分词”；“tidy up”整理，固定短语。tidy的现在分词形式是tidying。故填tidying。 8．Look! She (buy) flowers for the festival. 【答案】is buying 【详解】句意：看！她正在为节日买花。根据“Look!”可知，句子描述的是正在进行的动作，要用现在进行时，其结构为“be + 动词的现在分词”。主语“She”是第三人称单数，be动词用is，buy的现在分词是buying。故填is buying。 9．Look! My father (put) up the Spring Festival couplets now. 【答案】is putting 【详解】句意：看！我父亲现在正在贴春联。根据“Look”以及“now”可知，句子的时态为现在进行时，结构为“be动词+动词的现在分词”。主语“My father”是第三人称单数，因此be动词用“is”。动词“put”的现在分词形式为“putting”。故填is putting。 10．The students (decorate) the hall for the science fair at the moment. 【答案】are decorating 【详解】句意：学生们此刻正在为科学展览会装饰大厅。根据“at the moment”可知，句子应用现在进行时，主语为The students，be动词用are，decorate的现在分词为decorating。故填are decorating。 11．Look! He (hang) the picture on the wall. 【答案】is hanging 【详解】句意：看！他正在把画挂在墙上。hang“悬挂”，结合“Look!”可知，该句是现在进行时，其结构为is/am/are+doing，主语He是第三人称单数，be动词用is，hang的现在分词为hanging。故填is hanging。 12．Is the famous writer (give) an online lecture to students? 【答案】giving 【详解】句意：那位著名作家正在给学生们做在线讲座吗？根据“Is the famous writer”以及提示词可知，句子为现在进行时的一般疑问句，表示“正在做讲座”。现在进行时的谓语动词结构为be doing。故填giving。 13．What are the engineers (do) in the lab now? 【答案】doing 【详解】句意：工程师们现在正在实验室里做什么？do“做”，是动词。句子为现在进行时的特殊疑问句，结构为“are + 主语 + doing”。故填doing。 14．—What are you doing? —I am (phone) my cousin to ask him to play badminton. 【答案】phoning 【详解】句意：—— 你在做什么？—— 我正在给我的表哥打电话，邀请他打羽毛球。问句What are you doing?用现在进行时，答句也要对应使用现在进行时，结构为“am/is/are+动词现在分词”，phone的现在分词形式是phoning。故填phoning。 15．Look! They (put) the national flags on the streets now. 【答案】are putting 【详解】句意：看！他们现在正在街上挂国旗。根据“Look!”可知，时态用现在进行时am/is/are doing，主语是They，be用are。故填are putting。 三．语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Friday, students from Guangming Middle School enjoyed Labour Day (劳动节). Bella, one of the students in the school 1 (write) about this day. In the morning, we took the school bus to the destination (目的地) and it’s about a fifty 2 (minute) bus ride. After we went to our rooms, 3 18-year-old instructor (导师) showed us how to make the bed and where to put our things. In the beginning, we were not 4 (interest) in doing these easy things. But the instructor said, “Even easy things will be difficult if you don’t study hard.” In the end, we spent over half an hour learning how to tidy up the room. At lunchtime, the instructor told us, “You have to wash the dishes after eating.” I didn’t know how to do it so I played with my two friends at first. “What are you doing? Look! The other students are all washing the dishes, but you 5 (have) fun here.” The instructor said angrily. Then he showed 6 (we) how to clean them. After that, we did it 7 the same way and the dishes looked much cleaner! In the evening, the teachers taught us to make cakes. We made some mistakes (错误) when baking. 8 (luck), the teachers helped us and we made many delicious cakes at last! The number of the cakes 9 (be) sixty and everyone was very excited. I was really happy 10 I ate food cooked by myself. That night, we didn’t waste any rice. Time went by quickly, and Labour Day ended. Now, I think it’s time for me to help my mother more at home. 【答案】1．wrote 2．minutes’ 3．an 4．interested 5．are having 6．us 7．in 8．Luckily 9．was 10．because 【导语】本文主要介绍了上周光明中学的学生们欢度劳动节，贝拉写了一篇关于这一天的文章。 1．句意：贝拉，学校的一个学生写了关于这一天的文章。根据“Last Friday...”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式wrote“写”。故填wrote。 2．句意：第二天早上，我们乘校车去了目的地，大约有五十分钟的车程。空后是名词，根据“fifty”可知此处用名词复数的所有格minutes’“分钟的”。故填minutes’。 3．句意：我们回到房间后，一位18岁的教练向我们展示了如何铺床以及把东西放在哪里。此处泛指“一位18岁的教练”，18以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。 4．句意：一开始，我们对做这些简单的事情不感兴趣。be interested in“对……感兴趣”。故填interested。 5．句意：其他同学都在洗碗，而你在这里玩得很开心。根据“Look”可知句子用现在进行时，主语是you，be动词用are。故填are having。 6．句意：然后他向我们展示了如何清洁它们。此处作宾语用代词宾格us“我们”。故填us。 7．句意：之后，我们用同样的方法做了，盘子看起来干净多了！in the same way“以同样的方式”。故填in。 8．句意：幸运的是，老师们帮助了我们，我们终于做了很多美味的蛋糕！根据“the teachers helped us and we made many delicious cakes at last!”可知老师帮助我们，我们做出了美味的蛋糕，这是幸运的，修饰整个句子用副词luckily“幸运地”。故填Luckily。 9．句意：蛋糕的数量是60块，每个人都非常兴奋。根据“was very excited”可知句子用一般过去时，主语是The number of the cakes，be动词用was。故填was。 10．句意：我真的很高兴，因为我吃了自己做的食物。前后是因果关系，此处表示原因，用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 四．写作 请你根据下图信息，用英语描述Jack一家此刻的家庭生活，给校英文报投稿。 要点：1. 现在几点钟了？ 2. Jack和家人们正在做什么事情？ 注意： 1．短文须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥； 2．语言表达要准确，语句通顺，意思连贯； 3．词数不少于80(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。 It's eight o'clock in the evening. 【范文】 It's eight o'clock in the evening.Jack's family are all at home. Look! Jack is listening to music in the living room.And his sister is playing with her lazy cat.His grandparents are watching TV.His father is reading a newspaper at the desk. What about his mom? His mom is talking on the phone with her friend.Jack's family are doing some things they like to do. In a word, all of them are having a good time. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第10讲 七年级下册Unit 5 Here and Now语法、写作篇（寒假预习讲义） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 语法（现在进行时） 　　现在进行时表示现在(说话时)正在进行的动作或存在的状态,也可表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 知识点1. 现在进行时的构成 　　现在进行时是由“be动词+动词的现在分词(v.-ing)”构成的,be动词有人称和数的变化,主语为I用am,you用are,第三人称单数(he, she, it)用is,复数人称都用are。其句式结构为: (1)肯定句:主语+be (am, is, are)+v.-ing+其他. I am doing my homework. 我正在做家庭作业。 (2)否定句:主语+be (am, is, are)+not+v.-ing+其他. My mother isn't cleaning the room. 我妈妈没有在打扫房间。 (3)一般疑问句及答语:Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+v.-ing+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+be. 否定回答:No,主语+be+not. —Are they playing basketball? 他们正在打篮球吗? —Yes, they are./No, they aren't. 是的,他们在打。/不,他们没在打。 (4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be (am, is, are)+主语+v.-ing+其他? —What is she doing?她正在做什么? —She is reading a book.她正在读书。 知识点2. 现在分词的变化规则 规则 示例 一般情况,直接在动词原形末尾加-ing play—playing read—reading 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing make—making take—taking 以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing begin—beginning swim—swimming run—running 少数以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加-ing lie—lying die—dying 知识点3. 现在进行时的使用场合 (1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,常与now、at the moment等时间状语连用。 They are talking on the phone now.他们现在正在打电话。 (2)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态,常与this week、 this year、 these days等时间状语连用。 I'm really getting into jazz these days. 我最近真的开始喜欢爵士乐了。 (3)当有“Look!”“Listen!”等词时,常说明后面的动作正在发生。 Look! They are playing football. 看!他们正在踢足球。 (4)有些动词的现在进行时可表示将要发生的动作,一般后面跟表示将来的时间状语,如come、 go、 leave、 arrive、 start等。 The bus is coming soon.公共汽车很快就要来了。 知识点4.现在进行时与一般现在时的区别 (1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如： I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情) I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为) (2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。 What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么？ They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。 They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。 They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。 (3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。 The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。 His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。 (4) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。 I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。 I’m hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢。 知识点5.现在进行时的特殊用法 （1）现在进行时表暂时 现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况，或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的状况。 —What’s your daughter doing these days? 你女儿现在在干什么? —She’s studying English at Durham University. 她在达勒姆大学学习英语。 这种情况不一定在说话时发生： Don’t take that ladder away. Your father’s using it . 别把梯子拿走，你父亲在用呢。(即不一定现在在用。) She’s at her best when she’s making big decisions. 当做出最大决定时，她处于最佳状态。 暂时发生的事情也可以是在说话时正在进行着： The river is flowing very fast after last night’s rain. 昨夜下过雨后，河水流速很快。 现在进行时也用来表示当前的动向： People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days. 如今人们对吸烟较为难以忍受了。 （2）现在进行时表将来 意为：意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用词为come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你下周还待在这吗？ 随堂训练 1．Look, some boys ________ kites in the park. A．fly B．are flying C．flew D．is flying 2．—May I help you? —Yes, please. I am ________ the potatoes. I can’t ________ them. A．looking for; find B．look for; find C．find; looking for D．find; look for 3．—Dad, where is Mum? —In the kitchen. She ________ dinner for us at the moment. A．will cook B．cooked C．is cooking D．cooks 4．Debbie ________ Elizabeth is a very cool lady. She ________ about visiting Elizabeth during the winter holiday. A．is thinking; is thinking B．thinks; thinks C．thinks; is thinking D．is thinking; thinks 5．—Look! The boys ________ fun flying kites in the park. —Wow! Each of them ________ a kite. A．have; have B．are having; has C．have; is having D．are having; have 单元写作 本单元的写作任务是描述人们正在进行的活动。本单元要求学生使用所学的词汇和句式介绍自己或他人正在做的事情,涉及的时态是现在进行时。与此有关的写作内容通常包括:①介绍某人在某时、某地正在做的事情;②描述不同时区的人们正在做的事情。 该话题对应的书面表达的体裁以记叙文和应用文为主。应用文包括信件和电子邮件等。应用文要符合对应文体的写作格式。 1.写作实例 　　假设你是李华,你和你父母正在平遥度假。请你给你的朋友玛丽写一封信,根据以下提示内容,介绍你在平遥的度假情况。 提示内容:1.你和你父母正在平遥度假; 2.现在是上午十点,你们正在做不同的事情; 3.发挥想象,描述你和你父母正在做的事情; 4.表达你们对平遥的感受和期望。 写作要求:1.必须包含上述提示内容,可适当发挥想象; 2.词数80左右。 2.审题指导 1.体裁:应用文(信件)    2.时态:以现在进行时为主    3.人称:以第一人称为主 4.必备词汇: （1）write to sb. 给某人写信　 （2）have a holiday 度假 （3）walk along... 沿着……走　 （4）take photos of... 拍……的照片　 （5）buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物　 （6）have a great time 玩得开心 （7）hope to do sth. 希望做某事 （8）Let's take a look at what these families are doing.让我们看看这些家庭正在做什么。(含有宾语从句的主从复合句) （9）I know the time here is twelve hours ahead of that in New York.我知道这里的时间比纽约早十二个小时。(含有宾语从句的主从复合句) 3.谋篇布局 优秀范文 Dear Mary, How's everything going? I am writing to you from Pingyao! I am here with my parents. We're having a holiday here. 　　Now it's 10:00 a.m. We are doing different things. I am walking along city walls. My father is taking photos of me. My mother is buying posters for her friends. We love Pingyao very much.We're having a great time!　 We hope to visit here again. Yours, Li Hua 一．选择填空 1．Look! The boys ________ the pigeons over there. A．fed B．feed C．will feed D．are feeding 2．Listen! The birds ________ in the tree. A．is singing B．are singing C．sing D．sings 3．—Where is Tom? —He _________ basketball with his friends on the playground. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．will play 4．My family ________ dumplings for dinner now. A．is making B．made C．makes D．make 5．—Is Jack here? —No, he ________ football on the playground now. A．play B．is playing C．plays D．are playing 二．写作 现在是课外活动时间，看看你的同学们都在做什么吧！请根据表格中的信息提示写一篇英语短文，描述你们的课外活动（可适当增加细节），并谈谈你的感想。词数90左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Name Activity Place Lucy 弹钢琴 in the music room Lily 练习唱歌 in the music room John 打篮球 on the playground Sam 上网（surf the Internet） in the computer room Alice 阅读 in the reading room Now class is over. It’s time for after-school activities. Let’s see what my classmates are doing! ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 一.根据语境及括号内的提示内容填空。 1. Listen! Who (sing) in the next room? 2. Tina and Jack (walk) the dog in the park right now. 3. It's seven o' clock now. My sister (study) for an exam in the room. 4.Sorry, buddy. I (drive)at the moment. Can I call you back later? 5. David (not swim) in the sea. He (play) volleyball at the beach now. 二.按要求完成句子，每空一词(含缩略词)。 6.— Are you waiting for the bus now?(作否定回答) — No, . 7. Tom and Kevin are running on the sports field.(改为否定句) Tom and Kevin on the sports field. 8. Alice is riding a bike right now.(对画线部分提问) is riding a bike right now? 9. I'm shopping for food and drink in the supermarket. (对画线部分提问) you shopping for food and drink? 10. Mary has a piano lesson after school. (用 at the moment 改写句子) Mary a piano lesson at the moment. 三. 用括号内所给单词的正确形式完成短文。 Today is the Dragon Boat Festival. Look! Mr Gao 11. (stand) near the window. His wife, Mrs Gao, 12. (sit) behind him and 13. (read) a book. She closes the book and asks her husband, “What are you looking at?” “I 14. (look) at a boy,” Mr Gao answers. “He's under the tree near our house.” “Oh,” Mrs Gao says, “what 15. (be) he16. doing(do) now?” “He 17. is cleaning(clean) the seat,” says Mr Gao. “Now he 18. (ride) my bike.” Mrs Gao looks out of the window and then she says, “Ah, 19. (be) you 20. ( wear)your glasses now? He's our son! He is going to buy some zongzi.” 4． 写作 假如你是Peter,现在是周六晚上八点钟,你们一家人正在家里做各自最喜欢的事情,请根据表格中的内容,写一篇英语短文介绍你们正在做的事。 要求: 1.短文必须包含表格中的所有信息,可适当发挥;2.词数80左右。     谁 做什么 为什么 爸爸 喝茶、吃甜品 感到放松 妈妈 跳舞 保持健康 哥哥 练习说英语 为了实现梦想 Peter 洗餐具 想为父母做一些事情 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 知识导图记忆 定义：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (am is are ) +doing——动词变现在分词 动词现在分词的变化规则。 直接在动词原形之后加-ing look/looking, think/ thinking, study/studying 以不发音的字母-e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing come/coming, take/taking, dance/dancing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing run/running,swim/swimming,shop/shopping,stop/stopping, begin/beginning 少数几个以-ie结尾的动词,要变ie为y,再加-ing die/dying, lie/lying, tie/tying 句型： be (am is are ) +doing 陈述句 He is washing the dishes now. 否定句 He is not washing the dishes now. 疑问句 Is he washing the dishes now? Yes, he is./No,he isn’t. 时间标志：现在进行时的时间状语有:now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等。 一．选择填空 1．Turn off the radio, please. My grandma ________ now. A．sleeps B．is sleeping C．slept D．will sleep 2．—What is Cindy doing? —She is _________ her pet dog everywhere, but she can’t _________ it. A．finding; look for B．looking for; find C．finding out; look for D．finding; find out 3．“Are you ________?” Emilia was ________. A．joke; shocking B．joking; shocked C．joking; shocking D．joke; shocked 4．Today is my mother’s birthday. I ________ a surprise dinner for her now. A．prepare B．am preparing C．was preparing D．prepared 5．My sister often ________ TV in the evening, but now she ________ her homework. A．watch; is doing B．watches; does C．watches; is doing D．watch; does 二．填空 1．— you (get) ready for the spring festival? —Yes, we are doing some cleaning. 2．Look! The mother bird (feed) her babies. 3．Look! A baby is (sit) on his father’s shoulder (肩膀). How lovely he is! 4．Look! The children (fly) kites on the playground. 5．Li Lin (paint) quietly in the park now. 6．The children are (enjoy) nature in the park. 7．They are (tidy) up the garden now. 8．Look! She (buy) flowers for the festival. 9．Look! My father (put) up the Spring Festival couplets now. 10．The students (decorate) the hall for the science fair at the moment. 11．Look! He (hang) the picture on the wall. 12．Is the famous writer (give) an online lecture to students? 13．What are the engineers (do) in the lab now? 14．—What are you doing? —I am (phone) my cousin to ask him to play badminton. 15．Look! They (put) the national flags on the streets now. 三．语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Friday, students from Guangming Middle School enjoyed Labour Day (劳动节). Bella, one of the students in the school 1 (write) about this day. In the morning, we took the school bus to the destination (目的地) and it’s about a fifty 2 (minute) bus ride. After we went to our rooms, 3 18-year-old instructor (导师) showed us how to make the bed and where to put our things. In the beginning, we were not 4 (interest) in doing these easy things. But the instructor said, “Even easy things will be difficult if you don’t study hard.” In the end, we spent over half an hour learning how to tidy up the room. At lunchtime, the instructor told us, “You have to wash the dishes after eating.” I didn’t know how to do it so I played with my two friends at first. “What are you doing? Look! The other students are all washing the dishes, but you 5 (have) fun here.” The instructor said angrily. Then he showed 6 (we) how to clean them. After that, we did it 7 the same way and the dishes looked much cleaner! In the evening, the teachers taught us to make cakes. We made some mistakes (错误) when baking. 8 (luck), the teachers helped us and we made many delicious cakes at last! The number of the cakes 9 (be) sixty and everyone was very excited. I was really happy 10 I ate food cooked by myself. That night, we didn’t waste any rice. Time went by quickly, and Labour Day ended. Now, I think it’s time for me to help my mother more at home. 四．写作 请你根据下图信息，用英语描述Jack一家此刻的家庭生活，给校英文报投稿。 要点：1. 现在几点钟了？ 2. Jack和家人们正在做什么事情？ 注意： 1．短文须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥； 2．语言表达要准确，语句通顺，意思连贯； 3．词数不少于80(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。 It's eight o'clock in the evening. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $