专题03 语法（专项训练）五年级英语寒假专项提升（鲁科版五四制）

专题03 语法 学校： 姓名： 班级： 学号： . ( 内容导航 ) ( 一、课文核心语法复习 二、语法专题训练 ) 一、课文核心语法复习 Unit 1 Teachers’ Day 1. 疑问词 who & 一般现在时（询问人） 课文原句：Who's your favourite teacher? It's Miss Zhang. Who's 是 Who is 的缩写，这是一个由疑问词 who 引导的一般现在时特殊疑问句，who 用于对人进行提问；答句 It's Miss Zhang 同样使用一般现在时，用 It 指代上文提到的 favourite teacher，避免重复表述。 · 语法点：用 who 对人提问，答句用 It's/He's/She's 指代人。 · 拓展例句：Who's that man? He's my father. 2. 名词所有格's & 一般过去时（表所属） 课文原句：They were in Mr Wang's class ten years ago. 这是一个陈述句，时态为一般过去时，主语 they 是第三人称复数，对应的 be 动词过去式为 were。其中 Mr Wang's 是名词所有格形式，通过在名词后加's 来表示所属关系，即 “王老师的”；时间状语 ten years ago 是一般过去时的标志性时间词，表明发生在过去。 · 语法点：名词后加's 表 “…… 的”，搭配一般过去时的时间状语（如...ago）。 · 拓展例句：I was in Lily's room yesterday. 3. 疑问词 what + 现在进行时（询问正在做的动作） 课文原句：What are you doing? I'm making cards. 疑问句由疑问词 what 引导，what 用于对动作进行提问，句子结构为疑问词 + be 动词 + 主语 + 现在分词，are 是与主语 you 搭配的 be 动词，doing 是实义动词 do 的现在分词形式；答句 I'm making cards 中，I'm 是 I am 的缩写，making 是 make 的现在分词，遵循规则变化直接加 - ing，现在进行时的核心结构就是 be 动词 + 动词的现在分词，用来表示此时正在进行的动作。 · 语法点：现在进行时结构为 be + 动词 - ing，疑问句语序是疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词 - ing。 · 拓展例句：What is she doing? She's reading a book. 4. 一般过去时 be 动词的一般疑问句及回答 课文原句：Were they active in class? Yes, they were. / No, they weren't. 句子以 be 动词的过去式 were 开头，结构为 be 动词过去式 + 主语 + 表语 + 其他，用于询问过去某个状态是否存在；回答时要保持时态和主语一致，肯定回答用 Yes, 主语 + were，否定回答用 No, 主语 + weren't，weren't 是 were not 的缩写形式。 · 语法点：以 were/was 开头提问过去的状态，答句需前后一致，否定缩写为 weren't/wasn't。 · 拓展例句：Was he happy last night? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't. Unit 2 Feelings 5. 一般过去时的 be 动词一般疑问句及回答 课文原句：Was he happy? Yes, he was./ No, he wasn't. 疑问句以 be 动词的过去式was开头，因为主语he是第三人称单数；句子结构为Was + 主语 + 形容词表语，用于询问过去的状态。回答需保持时态和主语一致，肯定回答用Yes, 主语 + was，否定回答用No, 主语 + wasn't（wasn't是was not的缩写）。 · 拓展例句：Was she angry? Yes, she was./ No, she wasn't. 6. 疑问词why&情态动词can 课文原句：Wang Hong is worried. Why? She can't find her English book. 前半句是一般现在时的陈述句，is是 be 动词，worried是形容词作表语，描述人当前的情绪状态。后半句的Why是特殊疑问词，用于对原因进行提问，答句用can't（can not的缩写）表示“不能”，后接动词原形find，can是情态动词，无人称和数的变化。 · 拓展例句：Li Ming is sad. Why? He can't find his toy car. 7. 一般过去时的 be 动词一般疑问句及回答 课文原句：Were you happy? Yes, l was. 疑问句以Were开头，适配主语you（第二人称）；回答时主语根据语境转换为第一人称I，对应的 be 动词过去式变为was，符合 “问答主语对应、时态一致” 的规则。 · 拓展例句：Were you tired? Yes, I was. 8. 现在进行时的特殊疑问句及答句 课文原句：What's Danny doing there? He's dancing in the rain. 疑问句中What's是What is的缩写，结构为What + be动词 + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他，用于询问某人正在做的动作。Danny是第三人称单数主语，be 动词用is，答句He's dancing中He's是He is的缩写，dancing是dance的现在分词。 · 拓展例句：What's Amy doing here? She's singing a song. Unit 3 Birthday 9. 疑问词 when 引导的一般现在时特殊疑问句及答句 课文原句：When is your birthday? It's in March. when用于对时间进行提问，疑问句结构为 When + be动词 + 主语，主语 your birthday 是单数名词短语，因此 be 动词用 is。答句 It's in March 中，It 指代上文的 birthday，in March 是表示月份的时间状语，在表达月份、季节、年份时，时间前需用介词 in。 · 拓展例句：When is his holiday? It's in summer. 10. 疑问词 what 引导的一般过去时特殊疑问句及答句 课文原句：What did the children do at the party? They sang the birthday song. 用于对过去发生的动作进行提问。疑问句结构为 What + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他，did 是助动词，用于一般过去时的疑问句中，后接动词原形 do；主语 the children 是复数名词短语。答句使用一般过去时，谓语动词 sing 变为过去式 sang（不规则变化）。 · 拓展例句：What did the boys do in the park? They played football. Unit 4 School in Canada 11. 疑问词 what 引导的一般现在时特殊疑问句及答句 课文原句：What does she do after school? She watches films. 该句子用于询问某人的日常习惯或经常性动作。疑问句中，主语 she 是第三人称单数，需要借助助动词 does，后面的实义动词用原形 do；时间状语 after school 表示 “放学后”，点明动作发生的时间。答句同样为一般现在时，主语 she 是第三人称单数，谓语动词 watch 需变为第三人称单数形式 watches。 · 拓展例句：What does he do on Sundays? He plays basketball. 12. What's... like? 课文原句：What's your school like? It's not big, but very beautiful. 这是固定句型 What's... like? 引导的特殊疑问句及答句，用于询问人或事物的外观、特征等。What's 是 What is 的缩写，句型中的 like 是介词，意为 “像…… 样子”，而非动词 “喜欢”。答句为主系表结构，用 but 连接两个形容词 big 和 beautiful，表示转折关系，用来描述学校的特征。 · 拓展例句：What's his room like? It's not tidy, but very warm. 13. there be 句型（单数） 课文原句：There is an old building in my school. 这是 there be 句型的单数形式，用于表示 “某地存在某物”，时态为一般现在时。句型遵循 “就近原则”，be 动词的单复数由后面的名词决定，本句中靠近 be 动词的名词 an old building 是单数可数名词，因此用 is。 · 拓展例句：There is a big tree in the garden. 14. there be 句型（复数） 课文原句：There are twenty pupils in my class. 这是 there be 句型的复数形式，同样用于表示 “某地存在某物”，时态为一般现在时。根据就近原则，靠近 be 动词的名词 twenty pupils 是复数可数名词，因此 be 动词用 are。 · 拓展例句：There are five books on the desk. Unit 5 Sports 15. would like to do sth. 课文原句：What club would you like to join? I'd like to join the Swimming Club. 这是由疑问词 what 引导的特殊疑问句及答句，核心结构是 would like to do sth.，意为 “想要做某事”，适用于礼貌请求或表达需求。疑问句结构为 What + 名词 + would + 主语 + like to do，would 是情态动词，无人称和数的变化，后接动词不定式 to join；答句中 I'd 是 I would 的缩写，同样后接 to join，the Swimming Club 是专有名词短语，意为 “游泳俱乐部”。 · 拓展例句：What sport would he like to play? He'd like to play table tennis. 16. be good at sth./doing sth. 课文原句：I'm good at swimming. 这是一般现在时的陈述句，核心搭配是 be good at sth./doing sth.，意为 “擅长某事 / 做某事”。句中 I'm 是 I am 的缩写，good 是形容词作表语，at 是介词，后接动词时需用动名词形式，因此 swim 要变为 swimming。 · 拓展例句：She's good at drawing pictures. Unit 6 Spring Festival 17. what 引导的一般现在时特殊疑问句及答句 课文原句：What do you usually do at the Spring Festival? We visit relatives and friends. 用于询问某人的习惯性、经常性动作。疑问句中，usually 是频度副词，意为“通常”，常放在实义动词前、助动词后；主语 you 是第二人称，借助助动词 do 构成疑问句，后面的实义动词用原形 do；时间状语 at the Spring Festival 表示 “在春节”，节日前用介词 at。答句为一般现在时的陈述句，主语 we 是第一人称复数，谓语动词 visit 用原形。 · 拓展例句：What do they usually do on weekends? They play games together. 18. did 引导的一般过去时一般疑问句及回答 课文原句：Did you have a big dinner? Yes, we did. / No, we didn't. 用于询问过去是否发生某动作。疑问句结构为 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他，did 是一般过去时的助动词，无实义，后接动词原形 have；主语 you 可表示单数或复数。回答时需保持前后一致，肯定回答用 Yes, 主语 + did，否定回答用 No, 主语 + didn't（didn't 是 did not 的缩写） · 拓展例句：Did he finish his homework? Yes, he did. / No, he didn't. 二、语法专题训练 一、语法单选。 1.— ____ is your favourite teacher?— It's Miss Li. A. Who B. What C. When 2.They ____ in Ms. Wang's class two years ago. A. are B. were C. was 3.— What ____ you doing now?— I'm reading a book. A. am B. is C. are 4.— Were they busy yesterday?— No, they ____. A. weren't B. wasn't C. aren't 5.— ____ he excited at the party?— Yes, he was. A. Is B. Was C. Are 6.Lucy is sad. ____? She lost her pen. A. What B. Why C. Where 7.— Were you happy last night?— Yes, I ____. A. am B. was C. were 8.— What ____ Tom doing there?— He's flying a kite. A. is B. are C. does 9.— ____ is your father's birthday?— It's in October. A. Where B. When C. What 10.What ____ the girls do at the park yesterday? A. do B. does C. did 11.— What ____ she do after school every day?— She reads storybooks. A. do B. does C. did 12.— What's your new bike like?— It's ____ but fast. A. small B. a small C. smaller 13.There ____ a nice playground in our school. A. is B. are C. have 14.There ____ forty students in our classroom. A. is B. are C. has 15.— What club ____ you like to join?— I'd like to join the Art Club. A. do B. would C. are 16.My brother is good at ____ football. A. play B. plays C. playing 17.— What do you usually do ____ the Dragon Boat Festival? — We watch dragon boat races. A. at B. in C. on 18.— Did you ____ a good time last weekend?— Yes, we did. A. have B. had C. having 19.Lily ____ TV every evening. She likes cartoons. A. watch B. watches C. watched 20.— ____ is your mother?— She's in the kitchen. A. Who B. What C. Where 21.I ____ in Beijing last summer holiday. A. am B. was C. were 22.They ____ singing songs now. They're very happy. A. is B. are C. was 23.— Would you like ____ to the zoo with me?— Yes, I'd love to. A. go B. to go C. going 24.There ____ no milk in the fridge this morning. A. is B. are C. was 25.— Did he ____ his homework yesterday?— No, he didn't. A. finish B. finished C. finishes 26.My sister usually ____ up at 7:00 a.m. A. get B. gets C. got 27.— What ____ your school like?— It's big and clean. A. does B. is C. are 28.We ____ our grandparents last Spring Festival. A. visit B. visits C. visited 29.She ____ good at dancing. She wins many prizes. A. is B. are C. was 30.— When ____ you go to bed every night?— At 9:00 p.m. A. do B. does C. did 二、语法填空。 31.What ______ (be) your school like? It's big and bright. 32.They ______ (be) in the music club two years ago. 33.My sister usually ______ (watch) cartoons after dinner. 34.There ______ (be) a new library in our school now. 35.What ______ you ______ (do) now? I ______ (read) a storybook. 36.She ______ (be) good at ______ (dance). 37.What club ______ you ______ (like) to join? I'd like to join the chess club. 38.______ (do) you visit your grandparents last Spring Festival? Yes, I did. 39.There ______ (be) fifty desks in our classroom last term. 40.He ______ (be) happy yesterday because he got a gift. 三、按要求改写句子。 41.Tom is playing basketball on the playground. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ Tom ______ on the playground? 42.They were in the art class yesterday. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) ______ they in the art class yesterday? No, they ______. 43.I usually go to the park on Sundays. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ you usually ______ on Sundays? 44.There is a cat under the tree. (改为复数句) There ______ some ______ under the tree. 45.She does her homework every evening. (改为一般过去时) She ______ her homework last evening. 46.We had a big dinner at home. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) ______ you ______ a big dinner at home? Yes, we ______. 47.My favourite teacher is Miss Green. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ your favourite teacher? 48.He can swim well. (改为否定句) He ______ ______ well. 49.The children are in the classroom. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the children? 50.I'd like to join the swimming club. (对划线部分提问) ______ club ______ you like to join? 参考答案 一、语法单选。 1.A 解析：对人提问用疑问词 who。 2.B 解析：two years ago 是一般过去时标志，主语 they 是复数，be 动词用 were。 3.C 解析：现在进行时疑问句结构：be 动词 + 主语 + doing，主语 you 搭配 are。 4.A 解析：were 引导的一般疑问句，否定回答用 weren't。 5.B 解析：答句 was 提示时态为一般过去时，主语 he 搭配 was。 6.B 解析：前句说 Lucy 难过，后句解释原因，用疑问词 why。 7.B 解析：were 引导的疑问句，主语 I 回答时用 was。 8.A 解析：现在进行时，主语 Tom 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 is。 9.B 解析：对生日时间提问用 when。 10.C 解析：yesterday 是一般过去时标志，特殊疑问句用助动词 did。 11.B 解析：every day 是一般现在时标志，主语 she 是第三人称单数，用助动词 does。 12.A 解析：主系表结构，形容词 small 直接作表语。 13.A 解析：there be 句型遵循就近原则，a nice playground 是单数，用 is。 14.B 解析：forty students 是复数，there be 句型用 are。 15.B 解析：固定搭配 would like to do sth.（想要做某事）。 16.C 解析：固定搭配 be good at doing sth.（擅长做某事），介词后用动名词。 17.A 解析：节日前用介词 at。 18.A 解析：did 引导的一般疑问句，后面动词用原形 have。 19.B 解析：every evening 是一般现在时标志，主语 Lily 是第三人称单数，动词用 watches。 20.C 解析：对地点提问用 where。 21.B 解析：last summer holiday 是一般过去时标志，主语 I 搭配 was。 22.B 解析：now 是现在进行时标志，主语 they 搭配 are。 23.B 解析：固定搭配 would like to do sth.（想要做某事）。 24.C 解析：this morning 是一般过去时标志，milk 是不可数名词，用 was。 25.A 解析：did 引导的疑问句，动词用原形 finish。 26.B 解析：usually 是一般现在时标志，主语 my sister 是第三人称单数，动词用 gets。 27.B 解析：固定句型 What's... like?（…… 是什么样子的？）。 28.C 解析：last Spring Festival 是一般过去时标志，动词用过去式 visited。 29.A 解析：后句 wins 提示一般现在时，主语 she 搭配 is。 30.A 解析：every night 是一般现在时标志，主语 you 搭配助动词 do。 二、语法填空。 31.is 解析：一般现在时，主语 your school 是单数，be 动词用 is。 32.were 解析：two years ago 是一般过去时标志，主语 they 是复数，be 动词用 were。 33.watches 解析：usually 是一般现在时标志，主语 my sister 是第三人称单数，动词变第三人称单数形式。 34.is 解析：now 是一般现在时标志，a new library 是单数，there be 句型用 is。 35.are; doing; am reading 解析：now 是现在进行时标志，疑问句结构：be + 主语 + doing；答句结构：主语 + be+doing。 36.is; dancing 解析：一般现在时，主语 she 搭配 is；固定搭配 be good at doing sth.。 37.would; like 解析：固定搭配 would like to do sth.，疑问句把 would 提前。 38.Did 解析：last Spring Festival 是一般过去时标志，一般疑问句用助动词 did 开头。 39.were 解析：last term 是一般过去时标志，fifty desks 是复数，there be 句型用 were。 40.was 解析：yesterday 是一般过去时标志，主语 he 搭配 was。 三、按要求改写句子 41.What is; doing 解析：对正在进行的动作提问，用 what+be + 主语 + doing。 42.Were; weren't 解析：一般过去时的一般疑问句把 were 提前；否定回答用 weren't。 43.What do; do 解析：对动作提问用 what，一般现在时主语 you 搭配助动词 do，后接动词原形。 44.are; cats 解析：is 变 are，单数名词 cat 变复数 cats。 45.did 解析：一般过去时，实义动词 do 的过去式是 did。 46.Did; have; did 解析：一般过去时的一般疑问句用 did 开头，动词变原形；肯定回答用 did。 47.Who is 解析：对人提问用疑问词 who。 48.can't swim 解析：情态动词 can 的否定形式是 can't，后接动词原形。 49.Where are 解析：对地点提问用 where，主语 the children 是复数，be 动词用 are。 50.What; would 解析：对俱乐部类型提问用 what club；疑问句把 would 提前。 第 1 页 共 14 页 ( 第 1 页 共 14 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $