第08讲 定语从句复习：学习定语从句的引导词和句子结构（寒假复习讲义）高二英语人教版

第08讲 定语从句复习：学习定语从句的引导词和句子结构 定语从句 1、 定义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词 之后。 2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3、关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 定语从句句子结构： 基本结构：先行词 + 引导词 + 定语从句。例如：I love the song that you sing. （“the song”是先行词，“that”是引导词，“you sing”是定语从句。） 定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 定语从句解题方法 一、精讲类型、使用和常见考点： 知识点1　关系代词引导的定语从句　 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物或事 主语、宾语 that 人、物或事 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人、物或事 主语、宾语 ①The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。 ②My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 我大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。 2．that和which的用法区别 (1)只用that的情况 ①先行词为 all、anything、everything、few、little、much 等不定代词或被all、any、few、little、no 等词修饰时； ②先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时； ③先行词既有人又有物时； ④先行词被 the only、the very修饰时； ⑤主句中有 wh-型特殊疑问词时，为避免重复不用 which。 [巧学助记]　口诀记忆只用that不用which的情况：代高数，人和物，only、very不重复。 (2)只用which的情况 ①引导非限制性定语从句时； ②关系代词前有介词时。 The novel attracts so many audiences, which means that it becomes more and more popular in China. 这部小说吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。 3．as和which的区别 as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中或后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”，常作实义动词(如see, know, expect, say等)的宾语 which which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点；这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 As the old saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”正如老话说的那样：“有志者，事竟成。” 知识点2　关系副词引导的定语从句　 先行词 关系副词 在从句中所作成分 与“介词＋关系 代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示场所的名词：place, country等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示理由或原因的名词：reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which ①The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。 ②Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain valuable experience. 学生们应该参与社区活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得宝贵的经验。 ③Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？ [易错提醒] (1)先行词为 point, stage, position, situation, case, activity, career, job等表示抽象地点的名词，且在从句中作状语时，关系词用where。 (2)先行词为 occasion, period, age 等表示抽象时间的名词，且在从句中作状语时，关系词用when。　　 知识点3“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 构成 句法功能 用法指津 介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略 介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which 或whose 名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以用some, many, most, each等不定代词替换 Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable. 最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。 定语从句精练题 一、语法填空 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford－upon－Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 2．(2024·浙江高考1月)Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 3．(2024·北京高考)Tinniswood, ________ doesn't smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 4．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life ... 5．(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, __________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 6．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 7．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 8．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. 9．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America __________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 10．(2021·天津高考改编)In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world. 11．The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book written by Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan, ________ he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. 12.According to traditions, on the morning of the day ________ the baby turns one month old, sacrifices are offered to the ancestors so that they will protect the baby in the future. 13．The modern style emerged in the 1980s and onward, ________ the Qipao was reinvented by designers and artists who adopted new materials, patterns and cuts. 14．The lock is produced through a complex technique ________ countless small wooden pieces are crafted to interlock without the use of nails. 15．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in ________ over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. 16．(2023·浙江1月高考改编)There's never a stage ________ which the system knows what it's talking about. 17．You are generous with your time, for I’m sincerely grateful. 18．If you lent him a book which he was unfamiliar, it would be returned faultlessly wrapped in tissue paper and tied with coloured ribbon like a gift. 19．He has a collection of vintage watches, most of were made in Switzerland in the 1960s. 20．She gave birth to three daughters, the second of died as a child. 21．He has written two books, the first of was published in 2024. 22．Jane had many new friends in the school, with she shared her feelings. 二、完成句子 1．正如这个节日的名字所示，人们举行龙舟比赛来庆祝它，特别是在有许多河流和湖泊的南方。（where引导定语从句） As the festival name shows, people have dragon boat races to celebrate it, especially in the southern places . 2．我们筹集的所有资金将用作助学金，捐给那些住在边远山区的学生，帮助他们完成学业。(who引导定语从句) All the money we raised will be used as grant funds and go to the students , helping them complete their education. 3．我们班有52名学生，他们中的大多数都很友好和勤奋。（most of whom 引导非限制性定语从句） There are 52 students in our class, . 4．我和同学们乘公共汽车去了我们市的动物保护中心，那里养着一些病狗。（where引导定语从句） My classmates and I took a bus to the Animal Reserve Center in our city, . 5．我的日记不仅是我记下发生在我身上的事情的地方，也是我最好的朋友，我可以告诉它我最深的感受和想法。(where引导定语从句) My diary is not only the place but a best friend who I can tell my deepest feelings and thoughts to. 6．我校许多学霸分享了他们的学习经验和独特的学习方法，这对那些对学习感到困惑的人是有益的。（who 引导定语从句） Many top students in our school shared their study experience and unique learning methods, which are beneficial to those . 7．Families can enjoy exciting dragon dances and carnivals together. = Families can enjoy exciting dragon dances and carnivals together. 庆祝农历新年的家庭可以一起欣赏激 动人心的舞龙和嘉年华。 8．父母们经常谈论他们记得的初中时期的人和物。(remember) Our parents often talk about the people and the things in their middle school. 9．通常，亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路。 More often than not, close friendships will help the sometimes rocky road we are all meant to travel. 10．I know a place the scenery is beautiful. 我知道有一个地方的景色是很美的。 11．他在竞赛中夺得第一，这远远超出我们的预料。 He came first in the competition, beyond our wildest expectations. (be) 12．他今天没来学校的原因是他在车祸中受伤了。(reason) is that he was hurt in a car accident. 13．Jack is my best friend, I learned the news. (根据句意填空) 14．These terraces were built by Yao people, Guangxi is home. (根据句意填空) 15．This is the only one of the books he . 这是唯一一本他喜欢的书。 16．The reason she is good at English is she often watches American shows. 她英语好的原因是她经常看美剧。 17．I often visit my English teacher. Her help is of great importance to me. (用非限制性定语从句合并) 18．Online learning platforms are widely used by students. Access to quality education is crucial for the students. (用介词+关系代词的非限制性定语从句改写句子) 19．正如在报告中提到的，他总是乐于助人。 He, is mentioned in the report, is always ready to help others. 20．众望所归，这位著名作家的新小说因其鲜活的人物和引人入胜的情节，在出版后不久就成为了畅销书。（as） , the famous writer’s new novel became a bestseller soon after its release because of its vivid characters and fascinating plot. ( 第 1 页 共 6 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第08讲 定语从句复习：学习定语从句的引导词和句子结构 定语从句 1、 定义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词 之后。 2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3、关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 定语从句句子结构： 基本结构：先行词 + 引导词 + 定语从句。例如：I love the song that you sing. （“the song”是先行词，“that”是引导词，“you sing”是定语从句。） 定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 定语从句解题方法 一、精讲类型、使用和常见考点： 知识点1　关系代词引导的定语从句　 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物或事 主语、宾语 that 人、物或事 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人、物或事 主语、宾语 ①The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。 ②My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 我大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。 2．that和which的用法区别 (1)只用that的情况 ①先行词为 all、anything、everything、few、little、much 等不定代词或被all、any、few、little、no 等词修饰时； ②先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时； ③先行词既有人又有物时； ④先行词被 the only、the very修饰时； ⑤主句中有 wh-型特殊疑问词时，为避免重复不用 which。 [巧学助记]　口诀记忆只用that不用which的情况：代高数，人和物，only、very不重复。 (2)只用which的情况 ①引导非限制性定语从句时； ②关系代词前有介词时。 The novel attracts so many audiences, which means that it becomes more and more popular in China. 这部小说吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。 3．as和which的区别 as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中或后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”，常作实义动词(如see, know, expect, say等)的宾语 which which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点；这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 As the old saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”正如老话说的那样：“有志者，事竟成。” 知识点2　关系副词引导的定语从句　 先行词 关系副词 在从句中所作成分 与“介词＋关系 代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示场所的名词：place, country等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示理由或原因的名词：reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which ①The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。 ②Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain valuable experience. 学生们应该参与社区活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得宝贵的经验。 ③Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？ [易错提醒] (1)先行词为 point, stage, position, situation, case, activity, career, job等表示抽象地点的名词，且在从句中作状语时，关系词用where。 (2)先行词为 occasion, period, age 等表示抽象时间的名词，且在从句中作状语时，关系词用when。　　 知识点3“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 构成 句法功能 用法指津 介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略 介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which 或whose 名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以用some, many, most, each等不定代词替换 Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable. 最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。 定语从句精练题 一、语法填空 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford－upon－Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Tang Xianzu，从句中缺少主语，应用who引导。故填who。 2．(2024·浙江高考1月)Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which 【解析】设空处引导定语从句，先行词为way，指物，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 3．(2024·北京高考)Tinniswood, ________ doesn't smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 【答案】who 【解析】设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 4．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life ... 【答案】that/which　 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为place，故填that/which。 5．(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, __________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 【答案】as　 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此处表示“正如”，所以空处填as。 6．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that　 【解析】空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词species，且在定语从句中作主语。因为先行词前面有all修饰，所以只能填关系代词that。 7．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 【答案】who　 【解析】分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词Cao Shengkang，在从句中作主语，且先行词指人，故用who引导该定语从句。 8．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose　 【解析】设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词an artist，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。 9．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America __________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】where　 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 10．(2021·天津高考改编)In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world. 【答案】when　 【解析】考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示时间的名词season，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。 11．The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book written by Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan, ________ he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. 【答案】where 【解析】设空处为定语从句的关系词，先行词为On Famous Paintings through the Ages，在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 12.According to traditions, on the morning of the day ________ the baby turns one month old, sacrifices are offered to the ancestors so that they will protect the baby in the future. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：根据传统，在婴儿满月的那天早上，人们会向祖先献祭，以求祖先将来能够保佑婴儿。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the morning of the day，在从句中作时间状语。故填when。 13．The modern style emerged in the 1980s and onward, ________ the Qipao was reinvented by designers and artists who adopted new materials, patterns and cuts. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：现代风格出现在20世纪80年代及以后，当时设计师和艺术家采用了新的材料、图案和剪裁，对旗袍进行了重新设计。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the 1980s and onward，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 14．The lock is produced through a complex technique ________ countless small wooden pieces are crafted to interlock without the use of nails. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：这把锁是通过一种复杂的技术生产的，其中无数的小木块被制作成互锁，而不需要使用钉子。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为technique，在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。 15．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in ________ over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. 【答案】which　 【解析】此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为an experiment，指物，关系代词只能用 which来引导。 16．(2023·浙江1月高考改编)There's never a stage ________ which the system knows what it's talking about. 【答案】at　 【解析】此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为a stage，常和介词at搭配，故用at which来引导。 17．You are generous with your time, for I’m sincerely grateful. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你在时间上很慷慨，对此我由衷感激。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子“You are generous with your time”，且关系词在从句中作介词“for”的宾语，需用关系代词“which”引导。故填which。 18．If you lent him a book which he was unfamiliar, it would be returned faultlessly wrapped in tissue paper and tied with coloured ribbon like a gift. 【答案】with 【详解】考查定语从句与固定搭配。句意：如果你借给他一本他不熟悉的书，他会完好无损地还给你，用薄纸包好，系上彩带，就像一份礼物一样。“be unfamiliar with”是固定短语，意为“对……不熟悉”。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词作介词的宾语，介词“with”需置于关系代词“which”之前。故填with。 19．He has a collection of vintage watches, most of were made in Switzerland in the 1960s. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：他收藏了一批古董手表，其中大部分是20世纪60年代在瑞士制造的。根据先行词vintage watches以及逗号可知，“most of ____ were made in Switzerland in the 1960s”是非限制性定语从句，且most of后需接关系代词。先行词指物，此空应用which，构成“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。故填which。 20．She gave birth to three daughters, the second of died as a child. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她生了三个女儿，其中第二个在小时候就去世了。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是three daughters，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 21．He has written two books, the first of was published in 2024. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他写了两本书，其中第一本于2024年出版。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词two books，指物，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 22．Jane had many new friends in the school, with she shared her feelings. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：简在学校有很多新朋友，她会和这些朋友分享自己的感受。先行词为new friends，关系词在定语从句中作with的宾语，用关系代词whom。故填whom。 二、完成句子 1．正如这个节日的名字所示，人们举行龙舟比赛来庆祝它，特别是在有许多河流和湖泊的南方。（where引导定语从句） As the festival name shows, people have dragon boat races to celebrate it, especially in the southern places . 【答案】where there are many rivers and lakes 【详解】考查定语从句。空处需用关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词places，从句使用there be句型表示“有”，“许多河流和湖泊”many rivers and lakes，从句描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语是复数形式，there be句型中be动词使用are，先行词指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where there are many rivers and lakes。 2．我们筹集的所有资金将用作助学金，捐给那些住在边远山区的学生，帮助他们完成学业。(who引导定语从句) All the money we raised will be used as grant funds and go to the students , helping them complete their education. 【答案】who live in remote mountainous areas 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。中英文对比可知缺少“那些住在边远山区的”，空处前的the students为先行词，指人，定语从句的关系代词应用who；“住在”为定语从句中的谓语，译为live in，这里描述的是一种客观的、长期存在的情况，应用一般现在时，关系词指代的先行词为复数，动词用原形；“山区”译为mountainous areas，其中mountainous为形容词，意为“多山的”，作定语修饰areas，area为可数名词，这里表泛指，应用复数形式。“边远”为形容词remote，作定语修饰mountainous areas，故“边远山区”译为remote mountainous areas。故填who live in remote mountainous areas。 3．我们班有52名学生，他们中的大多数都很友好和勤奋。（most of whom 引导非限制性定语从句） There are 52 students in our class, . 【答案】most of whom are very friendly and hardworking 【详解】考查定语从句。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students；表示“大多数”用most of；代替先行词students在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom；表示“很友好和勤奋”可用be very friendly and hardworking，作表语，结合上文There are可知为一般现在时，从句谓语用复数。故填most of whom are very friendly and hardworking。 4．我和同学们乘公共汽车去了我们市的动物保护中心，那里养着一些病狗。（where引导定语从句） My classmates and I took a bus to the Animal Reserve Center in our city, . 【答案】where some sick dogs were kept 【详解】考查定语从句。此处指“那里养着一些病狗”，可表达为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Animal Reserve Center，在从句作地点状语，故用where引导；从句主语为“一些病狗”可用名词短语some sick dogs；表示“养着”用动词keep，与主语构成动宾关系，结合上文“took a bus”可知，此处陈述发生在过去的事情，从句谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，谓语用were kept。故填where some sick dogs were kept。 5．我的日记不仅是我记下发生在我身上的事情的地方，也是我最好的朋友，我可以告诉它我最深的感受和想法。(where引导定语从句) My diary is not only the place but a best friend who I can tell my deepest feelings and thoughts to. 【答案】where I write down what happened to me 【详解】考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词place，在从句作地点状语，故用where引导；主语为I；表示“记下”短语为write down，根据上文My diary is not only the place可知为一般现在时；后跟宾语从句，表示“发生在我身上的事情”可用what happened to me，发生在过去用一般过去时。故填where I write down what happened to me。 6．我校许多学霸分享了他们的学习经验和独特的学习方法，这对那些对学习感到困惑的人是有益的。（who 引导定语从句） Many top students in our school shared their study experience and unique learning methods, which are beneficial to those . 【答案】who feel confused about study 【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。根据句意，此处需表达“对学习感到困惑的人”，先行词those指代人，关系代词用who引导定语从句并在从句中作主语；“对……感到困惑”译为feel confused about，“学习”译为study；句子描述的是一般性情况，定语从句用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。故填who feel confused about study。 7．Families can enjoy exciting dragon dances and carnivals together. = Families can enjoy exciting dragon dances and carnivals together. 庆祝农历新年的家庭可以一起欣赏激 动人心的舞龙和嘉年华。 【答案】 celebrating the Lunar New Year who/that celebrate the Lunar New Year 【详解】考查非谓语动词/定语从句。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“庆祝农历新年的”。“庆祝”可用动词celebrate，“农历新年”的英文表达为the Lunar New Year，该动词短语在一个句中作定语，修饰Families，和该名词之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。现在分词作定语也可以变成定语从句的形式。先行词为Families，指人，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，所用who或that引导。celebrate在定语从句中作谓语，句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填①celebrating；②the；③Lunar；④New；⑤Year；⑥who/that；⑦celebrate；⑧the；⑨Lunar；⑩New；⑪ Year。 8．父母们经常谈论他们记得的初中时期的人和物。(remember) Our parents often talk about the people and the things in their middle school. 【答案】(that) they remember 【详解】考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词the people and the things，在从句作宾语，且有人有物只能用that引导，也可省略；主语为they；表示“记得”用动词remember，根据上文talk可知为一般现在时。故填(that) they remember。 9．通常，亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路。 More often than not, close friendships will help the sometimes rocky road we are all meant to travel. 【答案】 smooth out/ remove that/which 【详解】考查动词（短语）和定语从句。第一空：表示“踏平”可用smooth out或remove，用省略to的不定式作help的宾语；第二空：空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是road，从句缺少宾语，用关系代词that/which作引导词。故填smooth out/remove；that/which。 10．I know a place the scenery is beautiful. 我知道有一个地方的景色是很美的。 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 11．他在竞赛中夺得第一，这远远超出我们的预料。 He came first in the competition, beyond our wildest expectations. (be) 【答案】which was 【详解】考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which引导，谓语用单数；根据上文came可知为一般过去时。故填which was。 12．他今天没来学校的原因是他在车祸中受伤了。(reason) is that he was hurt in a car accident. 【答案】The reason why he didn’t come to school today 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。主语“原因”the reason，后接定语从句“他今天没来学校的”，从句主语“他”he，“来学校”come to school，根据句中was可知，“他今天没来学校”描述的是过去的情况，使用一般过去时，即“没来学校”didn’t come to school，“今天”today，先行词the reason指时间，关系词在从句中作原因状语，使用关系副词why引导从句。句首单词首字母大写。故填The reason why he didn’t come to school today。 13．Jack is my best friend, I learned the news. (根据句意填空) 【答案】 from whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：杰克是我最好的朋友，我从他那里得知了这个消息。“I learned the news”是定语从句，修饰先行词Jack；结合句意，从句中使用了动词短语learned from，关系词将先行词代入从句中作介词from的宾语，用关系代词whom引导定语从句，from可以提前，构成“介词+关系代词”的结构。故填from whom。 14．These terraces were built by Yao people, Guangxi is home. (根据句意填空) 【答案】 to whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些梯田是瑶族人民修建的，广西是他们的故乡。 此处考查“介词 + 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是Yao people，指人，固定搭配be home to sb. 表示“是某人的家园/故乡”，此处将介词to提前，关系词在从句中作to宾语，关系代词需用whom，构成to whom的结构。故填to；whom。 15．This is the only one of the books he . 这是唯一一本他喜欢的书。 【答案】 that likes 【详解】考查定语从句和动词时态主谓一致。根据句意以及句子结构可知，定语从句引导词先行词是the only one of the books（核心词为one，表单数），且被the only 修饰，这种情况下定语从句的引导词只能用 that，不能用which。主定语从句的主语是he（第三人称单数），句子描述的是客观喜好，时态用一般现在时，因此动词like要使用第三人称单数形式likes。故填①that；②likes。 16．The reason she is good at English is she often watches American shows. 她英语好的原因是她经常看美剧。 【答案】 why that 【详解】考查固定句式。表示“原因是……”用the reason why...is that...，是固定句式。the reason后接why引导的定语从句，is后接that引导的表语从句阐述原因内容，故答案为：①why；②that。 17．I often visit my English teacher. Her help is of great importance to me. (用非限制性定语从句合并) 【答案】I often visit my English teacher, whose help is of great importance to me. 【详解】考查定语从句。原句句意：我经常拜访我的英语老师。她的帮助对我很重要。第二句中的Her指的是第一句中的my English teacher，因此可将第一句作为主句，将第二句改为非限制性定语从句，从而合并两个句子，定语从句对先行词my English teacher进行补充说明，关系词在从句中作修饰help的定语，与之是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故答案为：I often visit my English teacher, whose help is of great importance to me. 18．Online learning platforms are widely used by students. Access to quality education is crucial for the students. (用介词+关系代词的非限制性定语从句改写句子) 【答案】Online learning platforms are widely used by students, for whom access to quality education is crucial. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在线学习平台被学生广泛使用，对这些学生来说，获取优质教育至关重要。前后两个句子中共同的部分为students，因此根据改写要求，可以将students作为先行词，将后句改写为介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，且根据固定搭配“is crucial for the students”可知，介词用for，关系词students指人，应用关系代词whom。故填Online learning platforms are widely used by students, for whom access to quality education is crucial. 19．正如在报告中提到的，他总是乐于助人。 He, is mentioned in the report, is always ready to help others. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，在定语从句中作主语，表示“正如”，需用关系代词as引导。故填as。 20．众望所归，这位著名作家的新小说因其鲜活的人物和引人入胜的情节，在出版后不久就成为了畅销书。（as） , the famous writer’s new novel became a bestseller soon after its release because of its vivid characters and fascinating plot. 【答案】As most people had expected 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。根据became可知，句子时态是一般过去时，对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“众望所归”，是固定句型as most people had expected，是as引导的非限制性定语从句，位于句首的单词首字母大写，因此空格处是As most people had expected。故填As most people had expected。 ( 第 8 页 共 10 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $