内容正文:
冀教版英语七上U3语法:动词be和have/has
本单元核心语法为动词be(am/is/are)和实义动词have/has,是七年级英语中描述人或事物特征、拥有关系的基础动词,需掌握其人称搭配、句式变化及用法差异。
一、动词be(am/is/are)
1. 定义与功能
动词be为系动词,意为“是”,可用于描述人/事物的身份、特征、状态、国籍、年龄等,后接名词、形容词、介词短语等作表语。
2. 人称搭配表
人称
单复数
对应形式
例句
第一人称
单数
am
I am a student.(我是一名学生。)
第二人称
单/复数
are
You are tall.(你个子高。)/ You are students.(你们是学生。)
第三人称
单数(he/she/it/单数名词)
is
He is twelve.(他十二岁。)/ The book is on the desk.(书在桌子上。)
第三人称
复数(they/复数名词)
are
They are from Canada.(他们来自加拿大。)/ The flowers are beautiful.(花很漂亮。)
3. 句式变化
(1)肯定句
结构:主语 + be + 表语
· 例句:She is from China.(她来自中国。)
· 例句:We are good friends.(我们是好朋友。)
(2)否定句
结构:主语 + be + not + 表语
· 例句:He is not (isn't) tall.(他个子不高。)
· 例句:They are not (aren't) in the classroom.(他们不在教室里。)
(3)一般疑问句
结构:Be + 主语 + 表语?
回答:Yes, 主语 + be. / No, 主语 + be + not.
· 例句:—Is she twelve?(她十二岁吗?)—Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
· 例句:—Are you from Canada?(你来自加拿大吗?)—Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
(4)特殊疑问句
结构:特殊疑问词 + be + 主语?
· 例句:—How old is he?(他多大了?)—He is thirteen.
· 例句:—Where are they from?(他们来自哪里?)—They are from the UK.
二、动词have/has
1. 定义与功能
have/has为实义动词,意为“有;拥有”,用于表示人或事物具有的特征、物品、亲属关系等。
2. 人称搭配表
人称
单复数
对应形式
例句
第一人称
单/复数
have
I have short hair.(我有短发。)/ We have a new classroom.(我们有一间新教室。)
第二人称
单/复数
have
You have a pen.(你有一支钢笔。)/ You have two books.(你们有两本书。)
第三人称
单数(he/she/it/单数名词)
has
She has blue eyes.(她有蓝色的眼睛。)/ The cat has a long tail.(猫有一条长尾巴。)
第三人称
复数(they/复数名词)
have
They have black hair.(他们有黑发。)/ The trees have green leaves.(树有绿叶。)
3. 句式变化
(1)肯定句
结构:主语 + have/has + 宾语
· 例句:He has a cap on his head.(他头上戴着一顶帽子。)
· 例句:They have many friends.(他们有很多朋友。)
(2)否定句
结构:主语 + don't/doesn't + have + 宾语(注意:has变否定时需借助doesn't,还原为have)
· 例句:I don't have long hair.(我没有长发。)
· 例句:She doesn't have a red pen.(她没有红钢笔。)
(3)一般疑问句
结构:Do/Does + 主语 + have + 宾语?
回答:Yes, 主语 + do/does. / No, 主语 + don't/doesn't.
· 例句:—Do you have a bike?(你有自行车吗?)—Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
· 例句:—Does he have a sister?(他有妹妹吗?)—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
(4)特殊疑问句
结构:特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + have?
· 例句:—What does she have?(她有什么?)—She has a new bag.
· 例句:—How many books do you have?(你有多少本书?)—I have three.
三、巩固练习题
题型一:用be动词(am/is/are)的适当形式填空(10题)
1. I ______ a middle school student.
2. She ______ from Canada.
3. We ______ good friends.
4. Tom ______ thirteen years old.
5. The cat ______ black and white.
6. ______ you from China?
7. My parents ______ in the kitchen.
8. This book ______ very interesting.
9. Those boys ______ tall and strong.
10. —______ he your brother? —No, he ______.
题型二:用have/has的适当形式填空(10题)
1. I ______ short black hair.
2. She ______ blue eyes.
3. They ______ a big house.
4. Tom ______ a new cap.
5. We ______ many books.
6. ______ you ______ a pen?
7. My mother ______ a nice dress.
8. The dog ______ a long tail.
9. —______ he ______ a sister? —No, he ______.
10. These girls ______ beautiful skirts.
题型三:选择填空(10题)
1. —What ______ you look like? —I ______ short and thin.
A. do; am B. are; am C. do; have
2. She ______ from the UK and she ______ blond hair.
A. is; have B. is; has C. are; has
3. —How old ______ Danny? —He ______ thirteen.
A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are
4. I ______ a new schoolbag, but my sister ______ not.
A. have; do B. has; does C. have; does
5. —______ they have a pet dog? —Yes, they ______.
A. Do; do B. Does; does C. Do; are
6. This girl ______ tall and she ______ long hair.
A. is; has B. has; is C. is; have
7. —Where ______ you from? —I ______ from China.
A. do; am B. are; am C. are; is
8. He ______ not tall, but he ______ big eyes.
A. is; has B. has; is C. is; have
9. —Does Jenny ______ blue eyes? —Yes, she ______.
A. have; do B. has; does C. have; does
10. We ______ good students and we ______ many friends.
A. are; have B. have; are C. are; has
四、答案与解析
题型一答案
1. am
2. is
3. are
4. is
5. is
6. Are
7. are
8. is
9. are
10. Is; isn't
解析:
1. 主语为第一人称单数I,用am。
2. 主语为第三人称单数she,用is。
3. 主语为第一人称复数we,用are。
4. 主语为第三人称单数Tom,用is。
5. 主语为第三人称单数the cat,用is。
6. 主语为第二人称you,一般疑问句将are提前。
7. 主语为复数my parents,用are。
8. 主语为单数this book,用is。
9. 主语为复数those boys,用are。
10. 第一空主语为第三人称单数he,一般疑问句将is提前;第二空否定回答用isn't。
题型二答案
1. have
2. has
3. have
4. has
5. have
6. Do; have
7. has
8. has
9. Does; have; doesn't
10. have
解析:
1. 主语为第一人称单数I,用have。
2. 主语为第三人称单数she,用has。
3. 主语为第三人称复数they,用have。
4. 主语为第三人称单数Tom,用has。
5. 主语为第一人称复数we,用have。
6. 主语为第二人称you,一般疑问句将do提前,后接动词原形have。
7. 主语为第三人称单数my mother,用has。
8. 主语为第三人称单数the dog,用has。
9. 第一空主语为第三人称单数he,一般疑问句将does提前,后接动词原形have;第二空否定回答用doesn't。
10. 主语为复数these girls,用have。
题型三答案
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. A
解析:
1. 第一空考查固定句型What do you look like?(你长什么样?),用助动词do;第二空后接形容词short and thin,用系动词am,选A。
2. 第一空考查be from(来自),主语she为第三人称单数,用is;第二空表示“有金发”,主语she用has,选B。
3. 第一空主语Danny为第三人称单数,用is;第二空主语he也用is,选A。
4. 第一空主语I用have;第二空主语my sister为第三人称单数,否定句借助doesn't,选C。
5. 主语they为复数,一般疑问句用助动词do,肯定回答也用do,选A。
6. 第一空后接形容词tall,用系动词is;第二空表示“有长发”,主语this girl用has,选A。
7. 考查be from(来自),第一空主语you用are,第二空主语I用am,选B。
8. 第一空后接形容词tall,用系动词is;第二空表示“有大眼睛”,主语he用has,选A。
9. 一般疑问句中助动词does后接动词原形have,肯定回答用does,选C。
10. 第一空后接名词good students,用系动词are;第二空表示“有很多朋友”,主语we用have,选A。
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