内容正文:
2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(译林版2024)
Unit 2 Amazing China语法讲练
目录
第一部分 语法知识清单锁定基础 高效学习
第二部分 核心考点讲练用法精析 变式巩固
第三部分 语法强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区
◇Part 01 语法知识清单
第一部分 have/has been与have/has gone的用法
1.核心含义与主谓一致核心规则
have/has been 和 have/has gone 均是现在完成时的高频核心结构,核心功能是描述与当前存在关联的过去动作或状态,这也是两者的共性。
在主谓一致搭配上,需牢牢掌握:当主语是第三人称单数(如 he, she, it, Tom, my sister, the dog 等)时,必须搭配 has;当主语是第一人称(I, we)、第二人称(you),或是复数名词、代词(they, my parents, the students, these books 等)时,搭配 have。这是使用这两种结构的基础前提,也是避免基础语法错误的关键。
2.have/has been to + 地点
核心含义是“曾经去过某地”,隐含关键前提——“现在已经回到出发地”,因此该结构的重点是强调“过往的经历”,而非主语当前所处的位置。在搭配上,它常与表示频率、经历范围的副词或短语连用,除了 ever(曾经)、never(从未)、twice(两次),还包括 three times(三次)、several times(几次)、once a year(每年一次)、many times(许多次)等。例如:
She has been to the Great Wall three times.(她去过长城三次,现在已不在长城)
Have you ever been to Sydney?(你曾经去过悉尼吗?)
需要特别注意的易错点:当后面接的地点是 home, here, there 等地点副词时,介词 to 必须省略,直接表述为 have/has been home/here/there,例如:
I have been home for two days.(我已经回家两天了),不能说“I have been to home...”。
3.have/has been in + 地点 + 时间段
核心含义是“在某地持续停留了一段时间”,核心强调“持续的状态”,且这个状态会一直延续到现在,即主语当前仍然在该地点。其中“时间段”是该结构的必备成分,不可或缺,常见的时间段表达有 for three days(三天)、for half a month(半个月)、for a long time(很长一段时间)、since last month(自从上个月)、since 2023(自从2023年)等。例如:
They have been in Guangzhou for six years.(他们在广州待了六年了,现在仍在广州生活)
He has been in the classroom since this morning.(他从今天早上就在教室里了,现在还在)
同样存在易错点:若地点是 home, here, there 等地点副词,介词 in 需省略,改为 have/has been home/here/there + 时间段,例如:
We have been here since 9 o'clock.(我们从9点就在这儿了),不能说“We have been in here since 9 o'clock...”。
4.have/has gone to + 地点
核心含义是“去了某地”,重点强调“动作的去向”,且存在明确的隐含信息——主语当前不在出发地(可能还在前往目的地的途中,也可能已经到达目的地,但尚未返回)。正因如此,该结构有严格的主语限制:不能用于说话人自身,即第一人称(I, we)和第二人称(you)均不可使用,仅能用于第三人称。例如:
Where is Jack? He has gone to the hospital.(杰克在哪里?他去医院了)
My uncle has gone to Beijing on business.(我叔叔去北京出差了,目前不在家)。
与前两种结构类似,当接 home, here, there 等地点副词时,介词 to 要省略,直接用 have/has gone home/here/there,例如:
His brother has gone home.(他哥哥已经回家了,现在不在这儿),不能说“His brother has gone to home...”。
巩|固|练|习
Ⅰ. 单项选择题
1.—Where is Tom? I can't find him. —He ______ to the library. He will come back in an hour.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
2.My parents ______ to Beijing twice. They like the city very much.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
3.Lucy ______ in Shanghai for three years. She works as a teacher there.
A. have been B. has been C. have gone D. has gone
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子
4.我曾经去过一次纽约。(have been to)
I ________________ New York once.
5.他已经在伦敦待了五年了。(have been in)
He ________________ London for five years.
答案与解析
Ⅰ. 单项选择题
1.B 句意:——汤姆在哪里?我找不到他。——他去了图书馆,一小时后回来。根据“找不到他”和“一小时后回来”可知,汤姆现在不在说话地,去了图书馆,用have/has gone to;主语He是第三人称单数,故选B。
2.A 句意:我父母去过北京两次,他们非常喜欢这座城市。根据“twice”(两次)可知,此处表示“曾经去过某地”,用have/has been to;主语My parents是复数,故选A。
3.B 句意:露西在上海待了三年了,她在那里当老师。根据“for three years”(三年了)和“works as a teacher there”(在那里当老师)可知,露西现在仍在上海,用have/has been in;主语Lucy是第三人称单数,故选B。
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子答案:
4.have been to
解析:“曾经去过某地”用have/has been to;主语I是第一人称,用have,故填have been to。
5.has been in
解析:“在某地待了一段时间”用have/has been in;主语He是第三人称单数,用has,故填has been in。
第二部分 for/since与动作的持续性等
1.核心定位与搭配原则
for 和 since 是现在完成时态中最核心的“持续时间标志词”,其核心作用是明确动作或状态从过去开始持续到现在的时间范围。
二者的共同使用前提是:必须与“延续性动词”(也叫持续性动词)连用,这类动词能表示可以持续一段时间的动作或状态,常见的除了 live(居住)、work(工作)、stay(停留)、keep(保持),还有 study(学习)、teach(教)、wait(等待)、be(存在)等。
绝对不能与“短暂性动词”(也叫非持续性动词)直接连用,因为这类动词表示的动作瞬间完成,无法持续,常见的如 come(来)、go(去)、die(死亡)、buy(买)、borrow(借)、leave(离开)等。若需表达短暂性动词的持续含义,需先将其转化为对应的延续性动词,例如:“buy(买)”转化为“have(拥有)”,“borrow(借)”转化为“keep(保留)”,“leave(离开)”转化为“be away(离开的状态)”。
2.for + 时间段
核心含义是“(动作/状态)持续了多长时间”,后接具体的“时间长度”,这个时间长度可以是精确的数字表达,也可以是模糊的时间描述。
常见的搭配示例除了 for two hours(持续两小时)、for five years(持续五年),还有 for a few minutes(持续几分钟)、for half an hour(持续半小时)、for a long time(持续很长一段时间)、for several days(持续几天)等。使用时需注意:for 引导的时间段可位于句末,也可位于句中(需与助动词 have/has 连用),例如
She has studied English for three years.(她学英语已经三年了)
For three years, she has studied English.(三年来,她一直在学英语)。
3.since + 时间点/过去时句子
核心含义是“自从……开始,动作/状态就一直持续到现在”,后接的内容需明确“时间起点”,具体分为两种情况:
①接“具体时间点”,即明确的过去某个时刻、日期、年份等,常见的如 since 2020(自从2020年起)、since last Monday(自从上周一以来)、since 9 o'clock this morning(自从今天早上9点起)、since January(自从一月份以来)等;
② 接“一般过去时的句子”,这个句子用来明确动作开始的具体场景或时间节点,此时主句必须用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,常见的如 since he came here(自从他来到这里)、since she finished her homework(自从她完成作业)、since we met last time(自从我们上次见面)等。需要注意:since 引导的时间状语从句不能用现在完成时,必须用一般过去时,这是高频易错点。
4.同义转换规则
在表达同一持续含义时,“for + 时间段”和“since + 时间点”可以相互转换,转换的核心是保证“时间范围一致”——即 for 后的时间段长度,等于“现在时间”与 since 后的时间点的差值。例如:
He has lived here for 3 years.(他在这里住了三年了)= He has lived here since 2021.(他自从2021年就住在这里了)
They have worked in this factory for five years.(他们在这家工厂工作五年了)= They have worked in this factory since 2019.(他们自从2019年就在这家工厂工作了)
She has been ill for a week.(她生病一周了)= She has been ill since last Sunday.(她自从上周日就生病了)。
转换时需注意:若原句中没有明确的时间点,需根据时间段推算出对应的时间点,确保逻辑准确。
巩|固|练|习
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1.My grandparents have lived in this village ______ fifty years.
A. for B. since C. in D. on
2.—How long have you studied English? —I have studied English ______ I was six years old.
A. for B. since C. until D. when
3.We ______ not seen each other ______ last Sunday.
A. have; for B. has; since C. have; since D. has; for
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子
4.她已经学习钢琴十年了。(for)
She ________________ the piano for ten years.
5.从他搬到这里,就一直在这所学校教书。(since)
He ________________ in this school since he moved here.
答案与解析:
Ⅰ. 单项选择题
1.A 句意:我的祖父母在这个村子里住了五十年了。“fifty years”(五十年)是时间段,用for修饰,故选A。
2.B 句意:——你学英语多久了?——我从六岁开始学英语。“I was six years old”(我六岁时)是过去时的句子,用since修饰,故选B。
3.C 句意:自从上周日以来,我们就没见过彼此了。主语We是复数,助动词用have;“last Sunday”(上周日)是时间点,用since修饰,故选C。
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子答案:
4.has studied
解析:“for ten years”(十年了)是现在完成时的标志,主语She是第三人称单数,助动词用has;“学习”用study,其过去分词是studied,故填has studied。
5.has taught
解析:“since he moved here”(自从他搬到这里)是现在完成时的标志,主语He是第三人称单数,助动词用has;“教书”用teach,其过去分词是taught,故填has taught。
◇Part 02 核心考点讲练
考点1:have/has been to 与 have/has gone to 的用法辨析
have/has been to 表示“曾经去过某地,且现在已经返回出发地”,这个用法强调的是“经历过的行程”,因此常与 ever(曾经)、never(从未)、twice(两次)、several times(几次)等表示经历或次数的词连用。例如:I have been to Paris twice.(我去过巴黎两次,现在已经回来)。而 have/has gone to 则表示“某人已经出发去某地,目前要么还在途中,要么已经到达目的地但尚未返回”,该用法的关键是“主语不在说话现场”,且主语通常为第三人称(如 he、she、Tom 等),绝对不能用于第一、二人称(如 I、we、you),因为自己或对方是否在现场是明确的,不存在“去了未回”的表述矛盾。例如:She has gone to the supermarket.(她去超市了,现在不在这)。
例1:— Where is Tom? I can't find him. — He ______ to Beijing. He will come back next week.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
答案:B
解析:根据问句“Where is Tom? I can't find him.”可知,Tom 不在现场,“去了某地未返回”,应用 have/has gone to;主语 He 是第三人称单数,故用 has gone。A 选项 has been to 表示“去过已返回”,与语境不符;C、D 选项为一般过去时和一般现在时,不体现“去了未回”的现在完成时含义。
例2:My parents ______ to Shanghai twice. They like the city very much.
A. have gone B. has been C. have been D. went
答案:C
解析:句中 twice 表示“两次”,是“去过某地已返回”的标志,应用 have/has been to;主语 My parents 是复数,故用 have been。A 选项 has gone 表示“去了未回”,与 twice 矛盾;B 选项 has 与复数主语不搭配;D 选项 went 是一般过去时,无法体现“经历过两次”的现在完成时含义。
例3:— ______ you ever ______ to Guangzhou? — Yes, I went there last year.
A. Do; go B. Have; been C. Have; gone D. Did; go
答案:B
解析:句中 ever 是现在完成时的标志词,且根据答句“I went there last year.”可知,“我”去过广州且已返回,应用 have/has been to;主语 you 搭配 have,故选 B。A 选项是一般现在时,C 选项 has gone 表示“去了未回”,与答句矛盾;D 选项是一般过去时,不匹配 ever 标志。
考点2:have/has been in 与 have/has been to 的用法区别
have/has been in 聚焦于“在某地持续停留的状态”,重点说明停留的时间长度,因此后面必须接时间段(如 for 3 years、for 5 months),也可接 how long 引导的特殊疑问句(询问停留时长)。当后面接的地点是名词(如 China、Beijing)时,in 可以省略;若接副词(如 here、there、home),则必须省略 in。例如:They have been in Shanghai for 2 years.(他们在上海待了两年了)、He has been here since last Monday.(他从上周一开始就在这儿了)。而 have/has been to 仅强调“去过某地”的经历,不涉及停留时间的长短,后面直接接地点名词(不可接时间段),且可与次数类词汇连用。两者的核心区别在于:前者侧重“停留状态+时长”,后者侧重“去过的经历”。
例1:Mr. Green ______ in China for 5 years. He knows a lot about Chinese culture.
A. has been B. has been to C. has gone to D. went
答案:A
解析:句中 for 5 years 是时间段,强调“在某地停留多久”,应用 have/has been in;空格后 China 是地点,in 可省略,故用 has been。B 选项 has been to 后接地点但不接时间段,C 选项 has gone to 表示“去了未回”,与 for 5 years 矛盾;D 选项 went 是一般过去时,不能与时间段连用。
例2:— How long ______ your sister ______ in Shanghai? — For 3 months.
A. has; been B. has; been to C. did; stay D. will; stay
答案:A
解析:问句中 How long 询问“停留多久”,后接时间段,应用 have/has been in;主语 your sister 是第三人称单数,故用 has been。B 选项 has been to 不接时间段;C 选项 did stay 是一般过去时,不能与 For 3 months 连用;D 选项 will stay 是一般将来时,与答句时态不符。
例3:My brother ______ Beijing many times, but he ______ never ______ in Beijing for more than 3 days.
A.has been to; has; been B. has gone to; has; been
C. has been to; has; gone D. has gone to; has; gone
答案:A
解析:第一空后 many times 表示“多次”,是“去过某地已返回”的标志,应用 has been to;第二空后 for more than 3 days 是时间段,强调“在某地停留”,应用 has been in(in 省略)。B、D 选项第一空 has gone to 表示“去了未回”,与 many times 矛盾;C 选项第二空 has gone 不接时间段,故选 A。
考点3:与 for/since 连用的动词形式选择
for 和 since 均为现在完成时中表示“动作持续时间”的标志词,二者的核心区别在于后续接的内容不同:for 直接接具体的时间段,用来明确动作持续了多久(如 for 2 months 表示“持续两个月”、for half an hour 表示“持续半小时”);since 则接过去的时间点(如 since 2020 表示“从2020年起”、since last Friday 表示“从上周五起”)或由一般过去时构成的句子(如 since he came to this school 表示“自从他来到这所学校起”)。需要特别注意的是,与 for/since 连用时,句子时态必须是现在完成时,且句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词(能够持续发生的动作,如 keep 保留、live 居住、study 学习、work 工作等)。若遇到非延续性动词(瞬间完成的动作,如 buy 买、die 去世、borrow 借、leave 离开等),必须先将其转化为对应的延续性形式,否则句子会出现语法错误。例如:“买这本书3年了”不能说 I have bought this book for 3 years.,而应改为 I have had this book for 3 years.(buy 转化为延续性动词 have)。
例1:My grandfather ______ here since 2018. He likes living in this small town.
A. lived B. has lived C. has come D. came
答案:B
解析:句中 since 2018 是过去时间点,标志时态为现在完成时,排除 A、D 选项;come 是短暂性动词,不能与 since 引导的时间段连用,需转化为延续性动词 live,故用 has lived。C 选项 has come 中 come 为短暂性动词,与 since 2018 矛盾,故选 B。
例2:— How long ______ you ______ this book? — For 2 weeks. I need to return it to the library.
A. have; borrowed B. did; borrow C. have; kept D. do; keep
答案:C
解析:问句中 For 2 weeks 是时间段,标志时态为现在完成时,排除 B、D 选项;borrow 是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,需转化为延续性动词 keep,故用 have kept。A 选项 has borrowed 中 borrow 为短暂性动词,与 For 2 weeks 矛盾,故选 C。
例3:He ______ a member of the football club since he was 12 years old.
A. has become B. became C. has been D. was
答案:C
解析:句中 since he was 12 years old 是 since 引导的一般过去时句子,标志时态为现在完成时,排除 B、D 选项;become 是短暂性动词,不能与 since 引导的时间段连用,需转化为延续性动词 be,故用 has been。A 选项 has become 中 become 为短暂性动词,与 since 从句矛盾,故选 C。
◇Part 03 语法强化训练
提|升|练|习
一、单项选择
1.—Where is Mr. Zhang?
—He ________ to the library. He will be back in an hour.
A.has gone B.has been C.went D.goes
2.—Is Mr. Chen at home?
—No, he ________ Hangzhou for a medical meeting. He has been there ________ 3 days ago.
A.has been to; for B.has gone to; since
C.has been to; since D.has gone to; for
3.— Where is your sales manager, Jessica?
— She’s not here. She ________ to Beijing to attend a meeting. She left this morning.
A.had gone B.had been C.has gone D.have been
4.—Have you ever ________ to Shanghai?
—Yes. I ________ there last year.
A.been; went B.gone; went C.been; have gone D.gone; have been
5.—________ you ever ________ to Beijing?
—Yes, twice.
A.Have; gone B.Have; been C.Did; go D.Will; go
6.She ________ there many times and always enjoys life there.
A.has been B.has gone C.hasn’t been D.hasn’t gone
7.—Hello, This is Lily speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry. He ________ Shanghai.
A.has been to B.went to C.has gone to D.goes to
8.—Where have you ________ recently?
—I’ve visited New York and Los Angeles, but I enjoyed ________ of them.
A.gone; either B.gone; any C.been; neither D.been; none
9.— ________ you ever ________ to Shanghai?
— Yes, I have.
A.Do; go B.Did; go C.Have; been D.Have; gone
10.—Where is Tom?
—He ________ the library. He’ll be back in an hour.
A.has been to B.has gone to C.went to D.goes to
11.—Where ________ you ________? I haven’t seen you for days.
—I went to my grandparents’ home in the countryside.
A.have; gone B.have; been C.did; go D.will; go
12.—Where is Mr. Smith?
—He ________ the science museum. He ________ there many times.
A.has gone to; has been B.has been to; has gone
C.has gone to; has gone D.has been to; has been
13.—Maria, what do you think of Mount Emei?
—Very cool. I ________ there once. I’d like to go there again.
A.has been B.have been C.have gone D.has gone
14.My father ________ on business for two weeks. He’ll be back in two days.
A.left B.has left C.has gone D.has been away
15.My father ________ to Beijing on business. He will be back in two days.
A.has gone B.goes C.went D.will go
16.My brother ________ to Shanghai twice. He will go there again next month.
A.goes B.went C.has gone D.has been
17.—Where is Dad, Mum?
—He ________ to the factory.
A.has been B.went C.goes D.has gone
18.—________ you ever ________ to the new science museum?
—Not yet.
A.Have; been B.Have; gone C.Did; go D.Are; going
19.My elder sister has ________ twice
A.been to abroad B.gone to abroad C.been abroad D.gone abroad
20.Billy, together with his parents, _________China many times before.
A.has been to B.have been to
C.have gone to D.has gone to
21.Daniel ________ in the same school since he came back from England.
A.stayed B.was staying C.will stay D.has stayed
22.—How long have you lived in this town?
—I ________ here since I was born. My family has lived here for over 15 years.
A.live B.lived C.have lived D.will live
23.Mr. Wang ________ English for twenty years.
A.has taught B.have taught C.taught D.teaches
24.—Jiaozi, the director of the movie Ne Zha 2 ________ on cartoon movies since he graduated from university.
—I admire him a lot. His success tells us that hard work will pay off in the end.
A.has worked B.is working C.worked D.will work
25.I still remember my first English teacher, though we ________ each other for a long time.
A.don’t see B.didn’t see C.haven’t seen D.won’t see
26.The Giant __________ the children to play in the garden for years.
A.has allowed B.allowed C.will allow D.is allowing
27.She __________ to inspire others since the disaster.
A.has tried B.tried C.will try D.tries
28.—The task is finally done, let’s go eat something now.
—Great, I haven’t eaten anything ________ breakfast.
A.before B.since C.of D.from
29.The film Zootopia 2 ________ very popular since it was first shown on Nov. 26th.
A.became B.has become C.was becoming D.become
30.Since Zootopia was first shown in 2016, it ________ millions of fans around the world.
A.wins B.won C.has won D.will win
二、完成句子
31.我和我的家人已经去过上海很多次了。我们很喜欢那座城市。
My family and I Shanghai many times. We love that city.
32.他以前从没去过北京。
He has Beijing before.
33.梵净山是如此的美丽,以致于我都去过三次了。
Mount Fanjing is so beautiful that I there three times.
34.汤姆在中国已经两年了,他喜欢住在这里。
Tom in China for two years and he likes living here. (be)
35.目前为止,我已独自去过中国的许多地方。
So far I to many places of China by myself.
36.我去过黄山两次。
I Mount Huang twice.
37.刘老师去厦门了,他是昨天去的。
Mr. Liu Xiamen. He there yesterday.
38.你曾经去过那个城市吗?
Have you ever that city?
39.我猜简已经去了图书馆,因为她下课后总在那里看书。
I guess Jane to the library, because she always reads there after school.
40.——玛丽,你觉得长城怎么样?
——非常酷。我去过那里一次。我想再去一次。
—Mary, what do you think of the Great Wall?
—Very cool. I once. I’d like to go there again.
41.这幢教学大楼已经投入使用5年了。
This teaching building has five years.
42.他感冒已经三天了。
He has a cold for three days.
43.他已经和她结婚三年了。
He has married three years ago.
44.自从我几年前来到这里,威宁这座城市有了很大的改变。
The city of Weining a lot since I came here a few years ago.
45.从五岁开始,我就一直在织金学习。
I in Zhijin since I was five years old.
46.台湾自古以来就是中国的领土。(完成译句)
Taiwan has always China since ancient times.
47.自从我加入这个班级以来,我改变了很多。
I a lot since I joined this class.
48.我叔叔离开家乡已有好几年了。
My uncle has from his hometown for quite a few years.
49.从那时起,人们总是把鸽子和橄榄枝看作和平的象征。
, people always the dove and the olive branch symbols of peace.
50.我们自从那之后就开始庆祝感恩节了。
We have been celebrating Thanksgiving .
三、选词填空
ill an about help I real so study luck care
After studying for a long time, my brother has now graduated and we are very 51 to have a doctor in the family! My mother and father, my sister and I are all interested in arts and languages. No one in the family has ever studied medicine before—it is so difficult and takes such a long time 52 . So we’re all very proud of him. As well as this, we have a doctor of our own to ask 53 any medical problems we have! How good is that?
I think Micky will become 54 excellent doctor. He’s patient and understanding, and he 55 about people a lot. He has 56 at a car accident and done some small operations(手术). I admire him very much. I can’t stand the sight of blood, so I could never do what he does!
Micky says he wants to work in hospital where he can help people with different 57 . Though he knows doctors in hospital work very long hours, he doesn’t mind. In 58 opinion, it’s wonderful if you can have a job that you 59 enjoy and Micky has found one. I just hope he isn’t 60 busy that the rest of us have to make an appointment(预约) to say hello.
四、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Taking notes is a good way to help with your schoolwork. But unluckily, most students don’t know 61 to take notes. The following can help you.
If your teacher writes notes on the blackboard, that’s great. Because of time, you can write down the most important instead of 62 (copy) everything. Different teachers do things 63 (different). For example, some teachers only write the important notes on the blackboard. Other teachers may not write anything down, but they may repeat the important points. So don’t try to write down every word in class, or you 64 (miss) some important points. Some students really learn better with the help of these notes. Don’t be afraid to ask your teacher 65 (repeat) what you missed. If your teacher speaks too fast, ask 66 (he) after class.
Comparing your notes 67 your classmates’ can be good for your learning. It can also help you and your classmates correct some mistakes.
Taking notes also needs 68 (organize). Keep notes for each subject in one place, so that you can find everything easily when 69 test comes.
Taking notes well takes time. If you decide to arrange (整理) your notes every evening, you’ll surely have 70 (much) time than usual to watch TV. But you’ll save time in the coming test.
参考答案
一、
1.A
【解析】句意:——张先生在哪里?——他去图书馆了。他一小时后回来。
考查动词时态。has been to曾经去过(表示去过某地,现在已经回来);has gone to去了(表示去了某地,还没回来)。根据“He will be back in an hour”可知,他现在不在说话地,去了图书馆还没回来,所以用has gone to。故选A。
2.B
【解析】句意:——陈先生在家吗?——不,他已经去杭州参加一个医疗会议了。他从三天前起就在那里了。
考查现在完成时态has gone to/has been to的区别以及时间状语for/since的用法。has been to去了已回,for后接时间段;has gone to去了某地未回,since自从,后接时间点。根据“No, he...Hangzhou for a medical meeting.”可知,他不在家,说明他未回来,排除AC选项;根据“3 days ago”可知,此处为时间点。故选B。
3.C
【解析】句意:——你的销售经理在哪里,杰西卡?——她不在这里。她去北京参加会议了。她今天早上离开的。
考查现在完成时。had gone已去未回,过去完成时;had been去过已回,过去完成时;has gone已去未回,现在完成时;have been去过已回,现在完成时。根据“She’s not here”可知,她去了北京还没回来,主语“She”是第三人称单数,此处用现在完成时has gone。故选C。
4.A
【解析】句意:——你曾经去过上海吗?——是的。我去年去的那里。
考查现在完成时和一般过去时。have been to去过某地 (已返回);have gone to去了某地 (未返回);went 去 (go 的过去式,用于一般过去时)。根据问句“Have you ever...”以及答句“Yes”可知,此处表示“去过上海且已返回”,第一空用been;根据“last year”可知,第二空需用一般过去时went。故选A。
5.B
【解析】句意:——你曾经去过北京吗?——是的,两次。
考查时态和have been/gone to的用法。Have; gone去了某地,现在完成时;Have; been曾经去过,现在完成时;Did; go去了,一般过去时;Will; go将要去,一般将来时。have gone to sp.去了某地;have been to sp.去过某地。答句“twice”表示经历,应该是“去过”,用“have been ”。故选B。
6.A
【解析】句意:她去过那里很多次,并且总是享受那里的生活。
考查现在完成时。has been(to)去过,已回来;has gone(to)去了,未回来;hasn’t been(to)没去过;hasn’t gone(to)没去。根据“many times”和“always enjoys life there”可知,她去过那里且已回来,there是副词,省略 to。故选A。
7.C
【解析】句意:——你好,我是莉莉。我可以和史密斯先生通话吗?——抱歉。他去上海了。
考查动词时态和短语辨析。has been to表示“曾经去过某地(现在已经回来)”;went to是一般过去时,仅表示过去的动作,不强调与现在的联系;has gone to表示“已经去了某地(现在不在这里)”;goes to是一般现在时,表示习惯性或经常性的动作。根据语境“Sorry. He...”可知,史密斯先生此刻不在这里,已经前往上海,应用has gone to。故选C。
8.C
【解析】句意:——你最近去过哪里?——我参观了纽约和洛杉矶,但这两个地方我都不喜欢。
考查动词短语和代词辨析。have gone to去了某地(未返回);have been to去过某地(已返回);either两者中的任何一个;any任何;neither两者都不;none三者及以上都不。根据“I’ve visited New York and Los Angeles”可知,是去过某地已经回来了,第一空用been;且此处是“纽约和洛杉矶”两个地方,用neither表示否定。故选C。
9.C
【解析】句意:——你去过上海吗?——是的,我去过。
考查现在完成时的用法。“Do; go”为一般现在时,不适用于“ever”表示经历;“Did; go”为一般过去时,但回答“Yes, I have.”为现在完成时,时态不一致;“Have; been”为现在完成时,“have been to”表示曾经去过某地,符合句意;“Have; gone”为现在完成时,“have gone to”表示已去某地未返回,不能用于询问经历。故选C。
10.B
【解析】句意:——汤姆在哪里?——他去图书馆了。他一小时后回来。
考查动词时态。has been to去过某地(已回来);has gone to去了某地(未回来);went to去了(过去时);goes to去(一般现在时)。根据答语“He’ll be back in an hour.”可知,汤姆现在不在这里,是“去了”图书馆且尚未回来,应用has gone to。故选B。
11.B
【解析】句意:——你去哪里了?我好几天没见到你了。——我去了乡下的祖父母家。
考查时态。have gone表示“去了某地 (未回来)”;have been表示“去过某地 (已回来)”;did go是一般过去时的强调形式;will go是一般将来时。根据答句“I went to my grandparents’ home in the countryside”以及“I haven’t seen you for days”可知,说话人已经回来,且问句是在询问过去发生的经历,用现在完成时的have been符合语境。故选B。
12.A
【解析】句意:——史密斯先生在哪里?——他去了科学博物馆。他已经去过那里很多次了。
考查现在完成时。has gone to去了(未回来);has been to去过(已回来)。根据“Where is Mr. Smith?”可知,第一空表示去了科学博物馆还未回来,故第一空用has gone to。根据“many times”可知,第二空表示去过那里很多次,用has been。故选A。
13.B
【解析】句意:——Maria,你觉得峨眉山怎么样?——非常酷。我曾经去过那里一次。我想再去那里。
考查现在完成时。has been去过(已经回来),第三人称单数形式;have been去过(已经回来),非第三人称单数形式;have gone去了(还没回来),非第三人称单数形式;has gone去了(还没回来),第三人称单数形式。根据“I’d like to go there again.”可知,曾经去过那里,现在已回来,且主语是“I”,用have been。故选B。
14.D
【解析】句意:我父亲出差已经两周了。他两天后回来。
考查现在完成时与持续性状语连用。left为一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作,不能与表示一段时间的for two weeks连用;has left和has gone均为现在完成时,但left和gone是瞬间动词,不能表示持续状态,因此不能与for two weeks连用;has been away中away是副词,表示离开的状态,可以与for two weeks连用,表示状态持续了两周。根据语境,父亲尚未返回,状态仍在持续,因此应该用has been away。故选D。
15.A
【解析】句意:我父亲出差去北京了。他两天后回来。
考查动词时态。 根据“He will be back in two days.”可知,强调的是父亲已经去了北京出差,还没有回来(动作发生在过去,且对现在造成“人不在此处”的影响),应用现在完成时has gone to。故选A。
16.D
【解析】句意:我哥哥去过上海两次。他下个月会再去那里。
考查动词时态。根据“twice”可知,此句是现在完成时。has gone to去了(未回),has been to去过(已回)。根据“He will go there again next month.”可知,哥哥去过上海,已经回来了。故选D。
17.D
【解析】句意:——妈妈,爸爸在哪儿?——他去工厂了。
考查现在完成时。根据“Where is Dad, Mum?”和“He...to the factory”可知,爸爸已经去了工厂,不在这里,强调过去的动作对现在的影响,应用现在完成时。has been to去过(已回来了);has gone to已经去了(现在还没回来)。根据题干语境可知,爸爸还没有回来,应用has gone。故选D。
18.A
【解析】句意:——你曾经去过新的科学博物馆吗?——还没有。
考查现在完成时。根据“Not yet.”可知,问句应用现在完成时,问是否曾经去过(已经回来),所以用have been to。故选A。
19.C
【解析】句意:我姐姐出国过两次。
考查现在完成时和副词用法。been to表示去过某地,已经回来;gone to表示去了某地,还未回来;abroad是副词,表示在国外,前面不能加介词to。根据语境和选项分析,句子想表达的是姐姐去过国外两次并且已经回来了,所以应该用“has been+副词abroad”的结构,表示去过国外。A选项been to abroad中abroad前不应有to;B选项gone to abroad中abroad前不应有to,且表示去了还未回来,不符合语境;D选项gone abroad表示去了还未回来,也不符合语境。只有C选项been abroad符合题意。故选C。
20.A
【解析】句意:比利和他的父母以前去过中国很多次。
考查have/has been to和have/has gone to的区别以及主谓一致。have/has been to指去过某地已经回来;have/has gone to指到某地去了,还没回来。根据“many times before”可知,应是去过很多次,应用have/has been to,故排除C、D项;主语“Billy, together with his parents”是第三人称单数形式,故助动词用has,故排除B项。故选A。
21.D
【解析】句意:Daniel自从从英国回来后,就一直待在同一所学校。
考查现在完成时。根据“since he came back from England”可知,主句需用现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词)。故选D。
22.C
【解析】句意:——你在这个小镇住了多久了?——我从出生起就住在这里。我们家已经在这里住了15年多了。
考查现在完成时。根据问句“How long have you lived...”和答语中的时间状语“since I was born”可知,此处需用现在完成时“have lived”。故选C。
23.A
【解析】句意:王先生已经教了英语二十年。
考查现在完成时的用法。has taught已经教了,主语为第三人称单数形式;have taught已经教了,但用于第一/二人称或复数主语;taught教了,过去时,表示过去结束的动作;teaches教,一般现在时,表示习惯性动作。根据句中时间状语“for twenty years”可知,此处强调动作从过去开始并延续至今,需用现在完成时;主语“Mr. Wang”为第三人称单数,谓语动词需用“has+过去分词”形式。选项A符合语法规则。故选A。
24.A
【解析】句意:——电影《哪吒2》的导演饺子自大学毕业以来就一直在制作卡通电影。——我非常钦佩他。他的成功告诉我们,努力最终会有回报。
考查动词时态辨析。根据“since he graduated from university”可知,since引导的时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时,结构为“have/has+过去分词”,主语“the director of the movie Ne Zha 2”是第三人称单数,所以用has,故选A。
25.C
【解析】句意:我仍然记得我的第一位英语老师,尽管我们很长时间没见到彼此了。
考查动词时态辨析。根据“for a long time”可知,此处强调“没见面”这一状态从过去开始并持续到现在,需用现在完成时。故选C。
26.A
【解析】句意:巨人多年来一直允许孩子们在花园里玩耍。
考查动词的时态。has allowed允许,现在完成时;allowed允许,一般过去时;will allow将允许,一般将来时;is allowing正在允许,现在进行时。分析句子可知,时间状语“for years”是现在完成时的标志,强调动作从过去开始并持续到现在,因此用现在完成时。故选A。
27.A
【解析】句意:她自从灾难以来一直试图激励他人。
考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“since the disaster”可知,需用现在完成时,结构为have/has done。故选A。
28.B
【解析】句意:——任务终于完成了,我们现在去吃点什么吧。——太好了,我自从早餐以来就没吃过任何东西。
考查介词辨析。before在……之前;since自从;of……的;from从……起。根据“I haven’t eaten anything”可知,此处是现在完成时,表示动作从过去(早餐)持续到现在未吃东西,需用表示“自从”的时间介词since。故选B。
29.B
【解析】句意:电影《疯狂动物城2》自11月26日首映以来,一直非常受欢迎。
考查现在完成时态。根据“since”这一标志词可知,“since+一般过去时的从句”通常与现在完成时 (have/has+过去分词) 连用,表示动作从过去开始持续到现在。故选B。
30.C
【解析】句意:自从《疯狂动物城》在2016年首映以来,它赢得了全世界数百万粉丝。
考查现在完成时的用法。wins赢得,一般现在时;won赢得,一般过去时;has won现在完成时;will win将赢得,一般将来时。根据“since”引导的时间状语从句,主句需用现在完成时表示动作从过去开始并延续至今,且对现在有影响。故选C。
二、
31. have been to
【解析】根据中文提示可知,时态用现在完成时,have/has been to表示“曾经去过”,主语是“My family and I”,表示复数,助动词用have。故填have;been;to。
32. never been to
【解析】根据句意可知,此处表示“从没去过”,用“never been to”结构,“never”表示“从不”,“been to”表示“去过(某地)”,且句子是现在完成时,has后接 been。故填never;been;to。
33. have been
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空格处为“去过”,have/has been (to)+地点名词/方位副词,表示“曾去过”;根据“is”可知,句子时态为现在完成时,主语I为第一人称单数,且there为方位副词,此处应用have been。故填have;been。
34. has been
【解析】结合中英文提示可知,此处应用现在完成时,结合所给词“be”可知,此处是have been in“在某地多久了”,主语是Tom,助动词用has,故填has;been。
35. have been
【解析】考查现在完成时态。结合语境可知本句描述的是现在已经完成的动作,故用现在完成时态。So far表示持续一段时间,不能和瞬间动词搭配使用,been to表示去了,已经回来。故填have been 。
36. have been to
【解析】根据英汉对照可知,需要补充内容“去过某地”,此表达为固定句型“have/has been to”,主语为I,助动词用have。故填have;been;to。
37. has gone to went
【解析】分析句子可知,第一个空处表示“去了”,应该用现在完成时,其形式为have gone to,主语是Mr. Liu,助动词用has;再由时间状语“yesterday”可知,句子时态是一般过去时,主语是He,谓语动词用其过去式went。故填has;gone;to;went。
38. been to
【解析】由中英文对比可知,缺少“去过”;have been to表示“去过某地(现在已经回来)”,动词短语。故填been;to。
39. has gone
【解析】根据语境可知,简去图书馆了,为“去而未归”,“have gone to+地点”表示“去了某地(去而未归)”,句子为省略that的宾语从句,主句时态为一般现在时,遵循主现从不限原则,从句时态为现在完成时,主语为Jane,单数,助动词用have的“三单”形式has。故填has;gone。
40. have been there
【解析】对比中英文可知,空处缺少“去过那里”;have/has been to“去过某地”,地点副词there前不加to,主语为I,助动词用have。故填have;been;there。
41. been in service/use for
【解析】根据中英文对照以及句意可知,“已经投入使用5年了”表示从过去开始持续到现在的状态,需用现在完成时,结构为has done;be in service/use意为“投入使用”,表示处于某种状态,符合句意,be的过去分词为been,因此be in service/use的现在完成时形式为been in service/use;表示做某事的时长用介词for来连接。故填been;in;service/use;for。
42. suffered from
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“患(感冒)”。“患(病)、遭受”在英文中常用短语“suffer from”表达,此处用现在完成时。故填suffered;from。
43.【小题1】been 【小题2】to 【小题3】her 【小题4】since
【解析】事情已经发生,时态为现在完成时,“结婚”这一状态从三年前持续到现在,用“be married”表示结婚的状态,“be”的现在完成时形式是“has been”;“和某人”用介词“to”与“married”搭配,表示“与……结婚”;“三年前”是时间起点,用“since three years ago”表示从三年前到现在的一段时间。故填been;to;her;since。
44. has changed
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,change“改变”,是动词。根据“since I came here a few years ago.”可知,本句是现在完成时,主语是三单,助动词用has,过去分词为changed。故填has;changed。
45. have studied
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“一直在……学习”。分析句子中的“since I was five years old”可知,“学习”这个动作是从过去一直持续到现在,所以用现在完成时,其结构为have done,study“学习”,其过去分词为studied,主语I为第一人称,助动词用have。故填have studied。
46. belonged to
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“是……的领土”即“属于”。belong to“属于”,动词短语,根据“has”可知,此处为现在完成时态,应用动词过去分词。故填belonged;to。
47. have changed
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“改变了很多”。“改变”译为“change”,“很多”译为“a lot”。根据时间状语“since I joined this class”可知,主句时态应用现在完成时,主语“I”是第一人称,故用“have changed”。故填have;changed。
48. been away
【解析】根据“for quite a few years”可知,此处应用延续性动词,be away from“离开”,时态为现在完成时,用been away。故填been;away。
49. Since then have taken as
【解析】根据“…people…always…the dove and the olive branch…symbols of peace.”及汉语提示可知,since then“自那时起”,固定搭配,并且位于句首,首字母应大写;其中since“自从”,后接过去时间点时,主句的谓语动词应用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has done”,主语“people”为复数人称,因此应用助动词have,take…as…“把……看作……”,动词短语,take的过去分词为taken。故填Since;then;have;taken;as。
50. since then
【解析】根据中英文对照,空格处缺“自从那之后”的短语,根据“We have been celebrating Thanksgiving”可知,此处是现在完成进行时,“since then”意思是“自从那以后”,符合语境。故填since;then。
三、
51.lucky 52.to study 53.about 54.an 55.cares 56.helped 57.illnesses 58.my 59.really 60.so
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述我有一个学医的弟弟,我们家人都以他为荣的故事。
51.句意:经过很长一段时间的学习,我的弟弟现在已经毕业了,我们很幸运家里有一个医生!根据空前的be动词,可知题空处缺少形容词,此处表示“很幸运”,luck的形容词为lucky。故填lucky。
52.句意:它是如此困难,需要这么长的时间来学习。考查“it takes some time to do sth”意为“做某事需要花费多少时间”,此处表示“需要这么长的时间来学习”。故填to study。
53.句意:除此之外,我们有自己的医生可以询问任何医疗问题!about意为“关于”,故填about。
54.句意:我认为米奇会成为一名优秀的医生。根据“excellent doctor”可知,excellent是以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
55.句意:他有耐心又善解人意,他很关心别人。care about意为“关心”,又因he为第三人称单数,因此为cares。故填cares。
56.句意:他曾在一起车祸中帮忙,还做过一些小手术。and连接两个句子时,时态保持一致,根据空后“done”可知为现在完成时态,此处根据方框内选项可知为“帮忙”,因此为helped。故填helped。
57.句意:米奇说他想在医院工作,在那里他可以帮助患有不同疾病的人。根据“he wants to work in hospital”可知,帮助患有不同疾病的人。ill的名词为illness,复数为illnesses。故填illnesses。
58.句意:在我看来,如果你能有一份你真正喜欢的工作,这是很棒的,米奇已经找到了一份。in one’s opinion意为“在某人看来”,此处表示“在我看来”。故填my。
59.句意:在我看来,如果你能有一份你真正喜欢的工作,这是很棒的,米奇已经找到了一份。表示“有一份你真正喜欢的工作是很棒的”,real是形容词,此处应该用副词形式really修饰enjoy。故填really。
60.句意:我只希望他别太忙,我们其他人都得先约个时间打个招呼。考查“so…that”,意为“如此……以至于”。故填so。
四、
61.how 62.copying 63.differently 64.will miss 65.to repeat 66.him 67.with 68.organization 69.a 70.less
【导语】本文主要介绍记笔记的方法与技巧,帮助学生更好地完成学业。
61.句意:但不幸的是,大多数学生不知道如何记笔记。此处需要填入“how”,构成“how to do sth.”结构,表示“如何做某事”,符合语境。故填how。
62.句意:由于时间限制,你可以写下最重要的内容,而不是抄写所有内容。“instead of”后接动名词形式,“copy”的动名词形式是“copying”。故填copying。
63.句意:不同的老师做事方式不同。空处修饰动词“do”,需用副词形式,“different”的副词是“differently”。故填differently。
64.句意:所以不要尝试在课堂上记下每一个词,否则你会错过一些重要的知识点。“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构中,陈述句常用一般将来时,结构为“will+动词原形”。故填will miss。
65.句意:不要害怕让老师重复你错过的内容。“ask sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配,表示“让某人做某事”,此处用不定式“to repeat”。故填to repeat。
66.句意:如果老师讲得太快,课后问他。空处作“ask”的宾语,需用人称代词宾格形式,“he”的宾格是“him”。故填him。
67.句意:把你的笔记和同学的笔记对比对你的学习有好处。“compare...with...”是固定搭配,表示“把……和……作比较”。故填with。
68.句意:记笔记也需要条理。“need”后接名词作宾语,“organize”的名词形式是“organization”,表示“条理、组织”。故填organization。
69.句意:把每个科目的笔记放在一个地方,这样当一场考试来临时,你可以轻松找到所有内容。“test”是可数名词单数,且以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词“a”修饰,表泛指“一场考试”。故填a。
70.句意:如果你决定每天晚上整理笔记,你看电视的时间肯定会比平时更少。根据“than”可知,此处用形容词比较级,表示“更少的时间”,比较级是“less”,表示“更少的”。故填less。
(
1
/
1
)学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(译林版2024)
Unit 2 Amazing China语法讲练
目录
第一部分 语法知识清单锁定基础 高效学习
第二部分 核心考点讲练用法精析 变式巩固
第三部分 语法强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区
◇Part 01 语法知识清单
第一部分 have/has been与have/has gone的用法
1.核心含义与主谓一致核心规则
have/has been 和 have/has gone 均是现在完成时的高频核心结构,核心功能是描述与当前存在关联的过去动作或状态,这也是两者的共性。
在主谓一致搭配上,需牢牢掌握:当主语是第三人称单数(如 he, she, it, Tom, my sister, the dog 等)时,必须搭配 has;当主语是第一人称(I, we)、第二人称(you),或是复数名词、代词(they, my parents, the students, these books 等)时,搭配 have。这是使用这两种结构的基础前提,也是避免基础语法错误的关键。
2.have/has been to + 地点
核心含义是“曾经去过某地”,隐含关键前提——“现在已经回到出发地”,因此该结构的重点是强调“过往的经历”,而非主语当前所处的位置。在搭配上,它常与表示频率、经历范围的副词或短语连用,除了 ever(曾经)、never(从未)、twice(两次),还包括 three times(三次)、several times(几次)、once a year(每年一次)、many times(许多次)等。例如:
She has been to the Great Wall three times.(她去过长城三次,现在已不在长城)
Have you ever been to Sydney?(你曾经去过悉尼吗?)
需要特别注意的易错点:当后面接的地点是 home, here, there 等地点副词时,介词 to 必须省略,直接表述为 have/has been home/here/there,例如:
I have been home for two days.(我已经回家两天了),不能说“I have been to home...”。
3.have/has been in + 地点 + 时间段
核心含义是“在某地持续停留了一段时间”,核心强调“持续的状态”,且这个状态会一直延续到现在,即主语当前仍然在该地点。其中“时间段”是该结构的必备成分,不可或缺,常见的时间段表达有 for three days(三天)、for half a month(半个月)、for a long time(很长一段时间)、since last month(自从上个月)、since 2023(自从2023年)等。例如:
They have been in Guangzhou for six years.(他们在广州待了六年了,现在仍在广州生活)
He has been in the classroom since this morning.(他从今天早上就在教室里了,现在还在)
同样存在易错点:若地点是 home, here, there 等地点副词,介词 in 需省略,改为 have/has been home/here/there + 时间段,例如:
We have been here since 9 o'clock.(我们从9点就在这儿了),不能说“We have been in here since 9 o'clock...”。
4.have/has gone to + 地点
核心含义是“去了某地”,重点强调“动作的去向”,且存在明确的隐含信息——主语当前不在出发地(可能还在前往目的地的途中,也可能已经到达目的地,但尚未返回)。正因如此,该结构有严格的主语限制:不能用于说话人自身,即第一人称(I, we)和第二人称(you)均不可使用,仅能用于第三人称。例如:
Where is Jack? He has gone to the hospital.(杰克在哪里?他去医院了)
My uncle has gone to Beijing on business.(我叔叔去北京出差了,目前不在家)。
与前两种结构类似,当接 home, here, there 等地点副词时,介词 to 要省略,直接用 have/has gone home/here/there,例如:
His brother has gone home.(他哥哥已经回家了,现在不在这儿),不能说“His brother has gone to home...”。
巩|固|练|习
Ⅰ. 单项选择题
1.—Where is Tom? I can't find him. —He ______ to the library. He will come back in an hour.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
2.My parents ______ to Beijing twice. They like the city very much.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
3.Lucy ______ in Shanghai for three years. She works as a teacher there.
A. have been B. has been C. have gone D. has gone
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子
4.我曾经去过一次纽约。(have been to)
I ________________ New York once.
5.他已经在伦敦待了五年了。(have been in)
He ________________ London for five years.
第二部分 for/since与动作的持续性等
1.核心定位与搭配原则
for 和 since 是现在完成时态中最核心的“持续时间标志词”,其核心作用是明确动作或状态从过去开始持续到现在的时间范围。
二者的共同使用前提是:必须与“延续性动词”(也叫持续性动词)连用,这类动词能表示可以持续一段时间的动作或状态,常见的除了 live(居住)、work(工作)、stay(停留)、keep(保持),还有 study(学习)、teach(教)、wait(等待)、be(存在)等。
绝对不能与“短暂性动词”(也叫非持续性动词)直接连用,因为这类动词表示的动作瞬间完成,无法持续,常见的如 come(来)、go(去)、die(死亡)、buy(买)、borrow(借)、leave(离开)等。若需表达短暂性动词的持续含义,需先将其转化为对应的延续性动词,例如:“buy(买)”转化为“have(拥有)”,“borrow(借)”转化为“keep(保留)”,“leave(离开)”转化为“be away(离开的状态)”。
2.for + 时间段
核心含义是“(动作/状态)持续了多长时间”,后接具体的“时间长度”,这个时间长度可以是精确的数字表达,也可以是模糊的时间描述。
常见的搭配示例除了 for two hours(持续两小时)、for five years(持续五年),还有 for a few minutes(持续几分钟)、for half an hour(持续半小时)、for a long time(持续很长一段时间)、for several days(持续几天)等。使用时需注意:for 引导的时间段可位于句末,也可位于句中(需与助动词 have/has 连用),例如
She has studied English for three years.(她学英语已经三年了)
For three years, she has studied English.(三年来,她一直在学英语)。
3.since + 时间点/过去时句子
核心含义是“自从……开始,动作/状态就一直持续到现在”,后接的内容需明确“时间起点”,具体分为两种情况:
①接“具体时间点”,即明确的过去某个时刻、日期、年份等,常见的如 since 2020(自从2020年起)、since last Monday(自从上周一以来)、since 9 o'clock this morning(自从今天早上9点起)、since January(自从一月份以来)等;
② 接“一般过去时的句子”,这个句子用来明确动作开始的具体场景或时间节点,此时主句必须用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,常见的如 since he came here(自从他来到这里)、since she finished her homework(自从她完成作业)、since we met last time(自从我们上次见面)等。需要注意:since 引导的时间状语从句不能用现在完成时,必须用一般过去时,这是高频易错点。
4.同义转换规则
在表达同一持续含义时,“for + 时间段”和“since + 时间点”可以相互转换,转换的核心是保证“时间范围一致”——即 for 后的时间段长度,等于“现在时间”与 since 后的时间点的差值。例如:
He has lived here for 3 years.(他在这里住了三年了)= He has lived here since 2021.(他自从2021年就住在这里了)
They have worked in this factory for five years.(他们在这家工厂工作五年了)= They have worked in this factory since 2019.(他们自从2019年就在这家工厂工作了)
She has been ill for a week.(她生病一周了)= She has been ill since last Sunday.(她自从上周日就生病了)。
转换时需注意:若原句中没有明确的时间点,需根据时间段推算出对应的时间点,确保逻辑准确。
巩|固|练|习
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1.My grandparents have lived in this village ______ fifty years.
A. for B. since C. in D. on
2.—How long have you studied English? —I have studied English ______ I was six years old.
A. for B. since C. until D. when
3.We ______ not seen each other ______ last Sunday.
A. have; for B. has; since C. have; since D. has; for
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子
4.她已经学习钢琴十年了。(for)
She ________________ the piano for ten years.
5.从他搬到这里,就一直在这所学校教书。(since)
He ________________ in this school since he moved here.
◇Part 02 核心考点讲练
考点1:have/has been to 与 have/has gone to 的用法辨析
have/has been to 表示“曾经去过某地,且现在已经返回出发地”,这个用法强调的是“经历过的行程”,因此常与 ever(曾经)、never(从未)、twice(两次)、several times(几次)等表示经历或次数的词连用。例如:I have been to Paris twice.(我去过巴黎两次,现在已经回来)。而 have/has gone to 则表示“某人已经出发去某地,目前要么还在途中,要么已经到达目的地但尚未返回”,该用法的关键是“主语不在说话现场”,且主语通常为第三人称(如 he、she、Tom 等),绝对不能用于第一、二人称(如 I、we、you),因为自己或对方是否在现场是明确的,不存在“去了未回”的表述矛盾。例如:She has gone to the supermarket.(她去超市了,现在不在这)。
例1:— Where is Tom? I can't find him. — He ______ to Beijing. He will come back next week.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
答案:B
解析:根据问句“Where is Tom? I can't find him.”可知,Tom 不在现场,“去了某地未返回”,应用 have/has gone to;主语 He 是第三人称单数,故用 has gone。A 选项 has been to 表示“去过已返回”,与语境不符;C、D 选项为一般过去时和一般现在时,不体现“去了未回”的现在完成时含义。
例2:My parents ______ to Shanghai twice. They like the city very much.
A. have gone B. has been C. have been D. went
答案:C
解析:句中 twice 表示“两次”,是“去过某地已返回”的标志,应用 have/has been to;主语 My parents 是复数,故用 have been。A 选项 has gone 表示“去了未回”,与 twice 矛盾;B 选项 has 与复数主语不搭配;D 选项 went 是一般过去时,无法体现“经历过两次”的现在完成时含义。
例3:— ______ you ever ______ to Guangzhou? — Yes, I went there last year.
A. Do; go B. Have; been C. Have; gone D. Did; go
答案:B
解析:句中 ever 是现在完成时的标志词,且根据答句“I went there last year.”可知,“我”去过广州且已返回,应用 have/has been to;主语 you 搭配 have,故选 B。A 选项是一般现在时,C 选项 has gone 表示“去了未回”,与答句矛盾;D 选项是一般过去时,不匹配 ever 标志。
考点2:have/has been in 与 have/has been to 的用法区别
have/has been in 聚焦于“在某地持续停留的状态”,重点说明停留的时间长度,因此后面必须接时间段(如 for 3 years、for 5 months),也可接 how long 引导的特殊疑问句(询问停留时长)。当后面接的地点是名词(如 China、Beijing)时,in 可以省略;若接副词(如 here、there、home),则必须省略 in。例如:They have been in Shanghai for 2 years.(他们在上海待了两年了)、He has been here since last Monday.(他从上周一开始就在这儿了)。而 have/has been to 仅强调“去过某地”的经历,不涉及停留时间的长短,后面直接接地点名词(不可接时间段),且可与次数类词汇连用。两者的核心区别在于:前者侧重“停留状态+时长”,后者侧重“去过的经历”。
例1:Mr. Green ______ in China for 5 years. He knows a lot about Chinese culture.
A. has been B. has been to C. has gone to D. went
答案:A
解析:句中 for 5 years 是时间段,强调“在某地停留多久”,应用 have/has been in;空格后 China 是地点,in 可省略,故用 has been。B 选项 has been to 后接地点但不接时间段,C 选项 has gone to 表示“去了未回”,与 for 5 years 矛盾;D 选项 went 是一般过去时,不能与时间段连用。
例2:— How long ______ your sister ______ in Shanghai? — For 3 months.
A. has; been B. has; been to C. did; stay D. will; stay
答案:A
解析:问句中 How long 询问“停留多久”,后接时间段,应用 have/has been in;主语 your sister 是第三人称单数,故用 has been。B 选项 has been to 不接时间段;C 选项 did stay 是一般过去时,不能与 For 3 months 连用;D 选项 will stay 是一般将来时,与答句时态不符。
例3:My brother ______ Beijing many times, but he ______ never ______ in Beijing for more than 3 days.
A.has been to; has; been B. has gone to; has; been
C. has been to; has; gone D. has gone to; has; gone
答案:A
解析:第一空后 many times 表示“多次”,是“去过某地已返回”的标志,应用 has been to;第二空后 for more than 3 days 是时间段,强调“在某地停留”,应用 has been in(in 省略)。B、D 选项第一空 has gone to 表示“去了未回”,与 many times 矛盾;C 选项第二空 has gone 不接时间段,故选 A。
考点3:与 for/since 连用的动词形式选择
for 和 since 均为现在完成时中表示“动作持续时间”的标志词,二者的核心区别在于后续接的内容不同:for 直接接具体的时间段,用来明确动作持续了多久(如 for 2 months 表示“持续两个月”、for half an hour 表示“持续半小时”);since 则接过去的时间点(如 since 2020 表示“从2020年起”、since last Friday 表示“从上周五起”)或由一般过去时构成的句子(如 since he came to this school 表示“自从他来到这所学校起”)。需要特别注意的是,与 for/since 连用时,句子时态必须是现在完成时,且句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词(能够持续发生的动作,如 keep 保留、live 居住、study 学习、work 工作等)。若遇到非延续性动词(瞬间完成的动作,如 buy 买、die 去世、borrow 借、leave 离开等),必须先将其转化为对应的延续性形式,否则句子会出现语法错误。例如:“买这本书3年了”不能说 I have bought this book for 3 years.,而应改为 I have had this book for 3 years.(buy 转化为延续性动词 have)。
例1:My grandfather ______ here since 2018. He likes living in this small town.
A. lived B. has lived C. has come D. came
答案:B
解析:句中 since 2018 是过去时间点,标志时态为现在完成时,排除 A、D 选项;come 是短暂性动词,不能与 since 引导的时间段连用,需转化为延续性动词 live,故用 has lived。C 选项 has come 中 come 为短暂性动词,与 since 2018 矛盾,故选 B。
例2:— How long ______ you ______ this book? — For 2 weeks. I need to return it to the library.
A. have; borrowed B. did; borrow C. have; kept D. do; keep
答案:C
解析:问句中 For 2 weeks 是时间段,标志时态为现在完成时,排除 B、D 选项;borrow 是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,需转化为延续性动词 keep,故用 have kept。A 选项 has borrowed 中 borrow 为短暂性动词,与 For 2 weeks 矛盾,故选 C。
例3:He ______ a member of the football club since he was 12 years old.
A. has become B. became C. has been D. was
答案:C
解析:句中 since he was 12 years old 是 since 引导的一般过去时句子,标志时态为现在完成时,排除 B、D 选项;become 是短暂性动词,不能与 since 引导的时间段连用,需转化为延续性动词 be,故用 has been。A 选项 has become 中 become 为短暂性动词,与 since 从句矛盾,故选 C。
◇Part 03 语法强化训练
提|升|练|习
一、单项选择
1.—Where is Mr. Zhang?
—He ________ to the library. He will be back in an hour.
A.has gone B.has been C.went D.goes
2.—Is Mr. Chen at home?
—No, he ________ Hangzhou for a medical meeting. He has been there ________ 3 days ago.
A.has been to; for B.has gone to; since
C.has been to; since D.has gone to; for
3.— Where is your sales manager, Jessica?
— She’s not here. She ________ to Beijing to attend a meeting. She left this morning.
A.had gone B.had been C.has gone D.have been
4.—Have you ever ________ to Shanghai?
—Yes. I ________ there last year.
A.been; went B.gone; went C.been; have gone D.gone; have been
5.—________ you ever ________ to Beijing?
—Yes, twice.
A.Have; gone B.Have; been C.Did; go D.Will; go
6.She ________ there many times and always enjoys life there.
A.has been B.has gone C.hasn’t been D.hasn’t gone
7.—Hello, This is Lily speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry. He ________ Shanghai.
A.has been to B.went to C.has gone to D.goes to
8.—Where have you ________ recently?
—I’ve visited New York and Los Angeles, but I enjoyed ________ of them.
A.gone; either B.gone; any C.been; neither D.been; none
9.— ________ you ever ________ to Shanghai?
— Yes, I have.
A.Do; go B.Did; go C.Have; been D.Have; gone
10.—Where is Tom?
—He ________ the library. He’ll be back in an hour.
A.has been to B.has gone to C.went to D.goes to
11.—Where ________ you ________? I haven’t seen you for days.
—I went to my grandparents’ home in the countryside.
A.have; gone B.have; been C.did; go D.will; go
12.—Where is Mr. Smith?
—He ________ the science museum. He ________ there many times.
A.has gone to; has been B.has been to; has gone
C.has gone to; has gone D.has been to; has been
13.—Maria, what do you think of Mount Emei?
—Very cool. I ________ there once. I’d like to go there again.
A.has been B.have been C.have gone D.has gone
14.My father ________ on business for two weeks. He’ll be back in two days.
A.left B.has left C.has gone D.has been away
15.My father ________ to Beijing on business. He will be back in two days.
A.has gone B.goes C.went D.will go
16.My brother ________ to Shanghai twice. He will go there again next month.
A.goes B.went C.has gone D.has been
17.—Where is Dad, Mum?
—He ________ to the factory.
A.has been B.went C.goes D.has gone
18.—________ you ever ________ to the new science museum?
—Not yet.
A.Have; been B.Have; gone C.Did; go D.Are; going
19.My elder sister has ________ twice
A.been to abroad B.gone to abroad C.been abroad D.gone abroad
20.Billy, together with his parents, _________China many times before.
A.has been to B.have been to
C.have gone to D.has gone to
21.Daniel ________ in the same school since he came back from England.
A.stayed B.was staying C.will stay D.has stayed
22.—How long have you lived in this town?
—I ________ here since I was born. My family has lived here for over 15 years.
A.live B.lived C.have lived D.will live
23.Mr. Wang ________ English for twenty years.
A.has taught B.have taught C.taught D.teaches
24.—Jiaozi, the director of the movie Ne Zha 2 ________ on cartoon movies since he graduated from university.
—I admire him a lot. His success tells us that hard work will pay off in the end.
A.has worked B.is working C.worked D.will work
25.I still remember my first English teacher, though we ________ each other for a long time.
A.don’t see B.didn’t see C.haven’t seen D.won’t see
26.The Giant __________ the children to play in the garden for years.
A.has allowed B.allowed C.will allow D.is allowing
27.She __________ to inspire others since the disaster.
A.has tried B.tried C.will try D.tries
28.—The task is finally done, let’s go eat something now.
—Great, I haven’t eaten anything ________ breakfast.
A.before B.since C.of D.from
29.The film Zootopia 2 ________ very popular since it was first shown on Nov. 26th.
A.became B.has become C.was becoming D.become
30.Since Zootopia was first shown in 2016, it ________ millions of fans around the world.
A.wins B.won C.has won D.will win
二、完成句子
31.我和我的家人已经去过上海很多次了。我们很喜欢那座城市。
My family and I Shanghai many times. We love that city.
32.他以前从没去过北京。
He has Beijing before.
33.梵净山是如此的美丽,以致于我都去过三次了。
Mount Fanjing is so beautiful that I there three times.
34.汤姆在中国已经两年了,他喜欢住在这里。
Tom in China for two years and he likes living here. (be)
35.目前为止,我已独自去过中国的许多地方。
So far I to many places of China by myself.
36.我去过黄山两次。
I Mount Huang twice.
37.刘老师去厦门了,他是昨天去的。
Mr. Liu Xiamen. He there yesterday.
38.你曾经去过那个城市吗?
Have you ever that city?
39.我猜简已经去了图书馆,因为她下课后总在那里看书。
I guess Jane to the library, because she always reads there after school.
40.——玛丽,你觉得长城怎么样?
——非常酷。我去过那里一次。我想再去一次。
—Mary, what do you think of the Great Wall?
—Very cool. I once. I’d like to go there again.
41.这幢教学大楼已经投入使用5年了。
This teaching building has five years.
42.他感冒已经三天了。
He has a cold for three days.
43.他已经和她结婚三年了。
He has married three years ago.
44.自从我几年前来到这里,威宁这座城市有了很大的改变。
The city of Weining a lot since I came here a few years ago.
45.从五岁开始,我就一直在织金学习。
I in Zhijin since I was five years old.
46.台湾自古以来就是中国的领土。(完成译句)
Taiwan has always China since ancient times.
47.自从我加入这个班级以来,我改变了很多。
I a lot since I joined this class.
48.我叔叔离开家乡已有好几年了。
My uncle has from his hometown for quite a few years.
49.从那时起,人们总是把鸽子和橄榄枝看作和平的象征。
, people always the dove and the olive branch symbols of peace.
50.我们自从那之后就开始庆祝感恩节了。
We have been celebrating Thanksgiving .
三、选词填空
ill an about help I real so study luck care
After studying for a long time, my brother has now graduated and we are very 51 to have a doctor in the family! My mother and father, my sister and I are all interested in arts and languages. No one in the family has ever studied medicine before—it is so difficult and takes such a long time 52 . So we’re all very proud of him. As well as this, we have a doctor of our own to ask 53 any medical problems we have! How good is that?
I think Micky will become 54 excellent doctor. He’s patient and understanding, and he 55 about people a lot. He has 56 at a car accident and done some small operations(手术). I admire him very much. I can’t stand the sight of blood, so I could never do what he does!
Micky says he wants to work in hospital where he can help people with different 57 . Though he knows doctors in hospital work very long hours, he doesn’t mind. In 58 opinion, it’s wonderful if you can have a job that you 59 enjoy and Micky has found one. I just hope he isn’t 60 busy that the rest of us have to make an appointment(预约) to say hello.
四、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Taking notes is a good way to help with your schoolwork. But unluckily, most students don’t know 61 to take notes. The following can help you.
If your teacher writes notes on the blackboard, that’s great. Because of time, you can write down the most important instead of 62 (copy) everything. Different teachers do things 63 (different). For example, some teachers only write the important notes on the blackboard. Other teachers may not write anything down, but they may repeat the important points. So don’t try to write down every word in class, or you 64 (miss) some important points. Some students really learn better with the help of these notes. Don’t be afraid to ask your teacher 65 (repeat) what you missed. If your teacher speaks too fast, ask 66 (he) after class.
Comparing your notes 67 your classmates’ can be good for your learning. It can also help you and your classmates correct some mistakes.
Taking notes also needs 68 (organize). Keep notes for each subject in one place, so that you can find everything easily when 69 test comes.
Taking notes well takes time. If you decide to arrange (整理) your notes every evening, you’ll surely have 70 (much) time than usual to watch TV. But you’ll save time in the coming test.
(
1
/
1
)学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$