专题11 宾语从句、定语从句、主谓一致归纳-九年级英语人教版

专题11 宾语从句、定语从句、主谓一致归纳 宾语从句 一．动词的宾语从句 1. 连词that, if/ whether引导的宾语从句 that, whether/if 起连接作用，不作任何成分。that无实义，可省略； Whether/if 意为“是否”，不可省略。 He said (that) he couldn't finish his work before dusk.他说黄昏之前他完不成任务。 Nobody knows whether/ if he likes school or not.没有人知道他是否喜欢上学。 易错点：whether/ if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，可互换，口语中常用if， 但在以下情况中，只能用whether： 1）与or not 紧接连用时。如：Let me know whether or not you can come. 2）作介词的宾语从句时。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting. 3）引导主语从句、表语从句与同位语从句时 4）在动词不定式前时。如：I don’t know whether to go. 2. 连接代词引导的宾语从句 who, what, which,等引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分, 不省略。 Do you know who is in charge of the company?你知道谁负责这家公司吗？（作主语） Can you tell me which boy is your son?你能告诉我哪个是你儿子吗？（作定语） What do you think his job is?你认为他是干什么工作的？（作表语） 3.连接副词引导的宾语从句 when, where, why, how,等引导宾语从句，并且在宾语从句中充当状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。 The police asked me how the accident happened.警察问我事故是怎么发生的。（方式状语） I don't know when we will meet again.我不知道我们何时才能再见面。（时间状语） Do you know where Mr. Brown lives?你知道布朗先生住在哪儿吗？（地点状语） 二．介词后的宾语从句 She is always thinking of how she can do more for others.她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正讨论是否让学生加入俱乐部。 宾语从句注意事项 (1)宾语从句的语序：在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。 He asked me when we could set out the next day.他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。 Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗？ (2)宾语从句的时态： 1）如果主句的谓语是一般现在时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。 She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她说她周一至周五上班。（从句时一般现在时） She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她说要在桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时） She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。（从句是现在完成时） 2）如果主句的谓语是一般过去时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态（客观真理、事实除外） He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。（从句是一般过去时） He said that he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。 He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。（从句是过去进行时） He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声传播得快。 宾语从句时态口诀：“主过从必过，主现从不限” (3) 宾语从句的否定转移（否前不否后） 我认识他不是一个好学生。 I think he is not a good student. I don’t think he is a good student. 易错总结 1.当宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来时，引导词用if或whether，如果从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。如： I don’t know whether he will come or not.我不知道他是否会来。 She is worried about whether it is true.她正担心着这件事是否是真的。 2.宾语从句中，主句为一般现在时，则从句可以根据实际需要用各种相应的时态。主句为一般过去时，则从句必须用过去的某种时态。如： I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。 He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。 3.宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget, learn等词时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如： She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。 4.直接引语是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell (ask,order等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。如： “Don’t make any noise.” she said to the children. →She told the children not to make any noise.“不要制造任何噪音”她对孩子们说。 5.在宾语从句或间接引语中如果叙述的是客观真理、客观事实等，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如： He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音的传播速度要快得多。 随堂训练 1．（2025·云南丽江·一模）— Can you tell me __________? — Sure. I run every morning and play basketball on weekends. A．how you stay healthy B．how do you stay healthy C．when do you exercise D．when you exercise 2．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）The two-hour documentary describes _________ in the future. A．how Suzhou will be like B．what will Suzhou be like C．how Suzhou will be D．what Suzhou will like 3．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—DeepSeek has impressed the whole world with its powerful models. —I haven’t used it. I wonder ______. A．what languages could DeepSeek understand B．how can DeepSeek be used in English learning C．how long it takes DeepSeek to answer a question D．that DeepSeek has more advantages over ChatGPT 4．（2025·安徽黄山·模拟预测）—I wonder ________ I can protect my eyes. Can you give me some advice? —First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time. A．why B．where C．how D．which 5．（2025·甘肃武威·模拟预测）—I wonder ________. —What about next Saturday? A．what time does she go to work B．when will you watch the movie C．how his cousin is leaving D．when you can hang out with me 6．（2025·天津·模拟预测）The little girl asked her mother ________. A．that she could hold a party at home B．how long will she hold her party C．if her friends will come to her party D．how many guests would come to her party 7．（2025·天津·模拟预测）—Do you know if we ________ a school leavers’ party? —I think if we ________ too many tasks next term, we will. A．will have; have B．will have; don’t have C．don’t have; won’t have D．will have; won’t have 8．（2025·安徽宣城·二模）—Did you notice someone was passing? —Yes, I did. I knew it was a girl, but I didn’t see clearly ______ she was. A．where B．what C．how D．who 9．（2025·全国·模拟预测）Which of the following sentences has an object clause? A．I will only stay if you offer me more money. B．I rang them yesterday to check when they arrived. C．Doctor Zhang is so kind that he wins many people's heart. D．Conan is a detective who appears in a popular cartoon series. 10．（2025·全国·模拟预测）—Why don’t we go to see Tea House at Poly Theatre tonight? —Good idea. Let me check ________. A．when will the play start B．where is the Poly Theatre C．how much does a ticket cost D．whether there are tickets or not 定语从句 什么是定语从句：I like a girl who is beautiful. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 一．关系词分类 分类 引导词 例句 关系 代词 who, whom, which, that, whose The man who is working there is my brother. This is the book(that/which) I bought yesterday. The room whose window is open is mine. 关系 副词 when, where, why I still remember the day when you left for Beijing. This is the school where my mother works. 二．关系代词引导的定语从句 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 that,who,whom (whom只作 宾语) 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗? that,which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 She has a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台父母给买的电脑。 whose 定语 人、物 He’s a man whose opinion I respect.他是我尊重意见的人。 The classroom whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个教室是我的教室。 三．关系代词的用法 一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后作介词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如: A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.  　　　　　　　先行词　主语　　谓语　　　　宾语  who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。 句意:医生就是照顾人们身体健康的人。 (1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导: ①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。如: Is there anything that you don’t understand?你有不懂的地方吗? Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。 ②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如: This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。 ③当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级,或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。 ④当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。如: Which is the hotel that you like best?哪一个是你最喜欢的旅馆? (2)关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以放在which,whom之前,构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。如: I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。 (3)that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如: Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁? All who have seen the film were moved.看过这部电影的人都被感动了。 关系代词专项训练 一、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who 1.This is the man wants to see you. 2.The man you went to see has come. 3.The man I met yesterday lent me some money. 4.Here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday. 5.The storybook I have just read cannot be easily forgotten. 6.The film they are talking about is very interesting. 7.I will never forget the people and the places I have ever visited. 二、翻译句子 1.不努力学习的学生是不会通过考试的。 The students will not pass the exam. 2.这些是我去年在北京照的照片。 These photo are the photos . 四．关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 相当于 先行词 在从句中的句法功能 when at/in/on/during which 表示时间的词（组） 时间状语 where in/at which 表示地点的词（组） 地点状语 why for which reason 原因状语 when、where 和 why引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 (1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如: I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。 (2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词通常是表示原因的reason一词。如: We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。 (3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如: That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就读的学校。 中考对定语从句的考查一般是考查定语从句的关系词。定语从句关系词的选用由先行词决定,因此找对先行词是成功解题的关键。首先若先行词是人,则关系词在who,whom,that,whose中选择。其次,若先行词是物,则关系词在that,which,whose中选择。第三,特殊用法的特殊记,比如先行词是不定代词,关系代词则必须使用that。 Kids, I hope you’ll remember the good old days 　　　 we spent together in junior high though it;s time to say goodbye.  A.who B.what C.which 易混易错 1.只能用which引导的定语从句 (1)在引导非限制性定语从句时,不能用that。如: The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(此句中的which不能换成that) 这棵有四百年树龄的树在这里很有名。 (2)介词后不能用that。如: We depend on the land from which we get our food.(介词from后不能用that) 我们依靠土地获得食物。 2.判断关系代词与关系副词 用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。若谓语动词是及物动词且后面无宾语,就用关系代词;若谓语动词是及物动词且后面有宾语或谓语动词是不及物动词,则要用关系副词。如: I’ll never forget the day when I first met him.我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。 The house where I live now was bought five years ago.我现在住的房子是五年前买的。 一、填入适合的关系词 1.We often think of the days we spent together in the countryside. 2.We often think of the days we worked together in the countryside. 3.We believe the reason he told us. 4.The reason he was absent yesterday is still unknown. 5.The school I visited is beautiful. 6.The school I studied is beautiful. 2、 翻译句子 1.这是他爸爸工作的地方。 This is the place . 2.你能告诉我你迟到的原因么。 Can you tell me the reason . 3.我永远都不会忘记我们在高中学习的那段时光。 I will never forget the time . 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）Zhang Hong, a Chinese man, is the first Asian blind climber has reached the top of Qomolangma. A．when B．whose C．which D．who 2．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—How do you like this comedy? —I think it’s the most interesting program ______ I have ever watched. A．who B．when C．that D．which 3．（2025·甘肃武威·模拟预测）—Hi, Mary. Do you know Jay Chou? —Sure. He is a popular singer ________ comes from Taiwan. A．whom B．what C．who D．which 4．（25-26九年级上·甘肃平凉·月考）Du Fu is a Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world. A．what B．who C．whom D．whose 5．（25-26九年级上·甘肃武威·月考）I’ll never forget the days ________ we spent together five years ago. A．which B．when C．where D．how 6．（2025·广东汕头·三模）—Nowadays, WeChat is very popular among friends. —Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like. A．that B．which C．who D．whom 7．（2025·江苏南京·三模）But ice sculpture is not only for chefs! Today there are many artists ________ create sculptures out of ice just because they enjoy it. A．who B．whose C．which D．how 8．（2025·江苏徐州·三模）Don’t you know Neil Armstrong ________ was the first man to walk on the moon? A．which B．whether C．who D．/ 9．（2025·广东汕头·二模）Our parents often talk about the people and the things ________ they can remember in their middle school. A．who B．whom C．which D．that 10．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）This is the book ________ I bought yesterday. A．who B．which C．what D．whom 主谓一致 一 .语法一致原则 使用情况 例句 1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 The girl is fond of singing. To protect the environment is our duty. Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. 2.表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 The students are having their math class. They have been to Qingdao twice. 3.and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式。 Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health. The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. 4.both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 Both Peter and Mike come from England. 5.有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Jack’s glasses are broken. Linda’s shoes are black and blue. 6.“a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of trees have been planted. The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120. 7.不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Is everyone here? Something is wrong with my computer. I called last night,but nobody was in. 8.主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 Mei Mei,with her parents,often goes to the park on Sunday. A teacher,together with some students,is standing at the gate. 9.主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。 This kind of car is made in China. Large quantities of water are needed. 10.“分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of／lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。 Two thirds of the work has been finished. Most of the books are written in English. 二.意义一致原则 使用情况 例句 1.使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。 His family isn’t large.His family are fond of watching sports programs. 2.有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。 The police are searching for the murder. Physics is really difficult for me 3.“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The young are energetic. 4.某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。 Half of the work has been finished. Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time. 5.表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Two pounds isn’t so heavy. Two months is a long holiday. Ten yuan is enough. Ten minus five is five. 三．就近一致原则 使用情况 例句 1.由or, either…or…, nor, neither…nor…,whether…or…,not…but…,not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Neither you nor he is wrong. Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film. 2.Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。 Here are some books and paper for you. There is an orange and two apples on the plate. 一. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Tom and I (be) in the same class. 2. The singer and writer (talk) with foreign guests now. 3. Fish and chips (be) delicious. 4. Either you or I (be) mad. 5. Neither you nor he (be) right. 6. Not only the planets but also the earth (move) round the sun. 7. There (be) a car and three buses outside. 8. Mr. Turner together with his friends _just (arrive)in Beijing. 9. To read English loud _____ (be) very important. 10. Reading (be) is a good way. 二．单项选择 1．（2025·云南昆明·模拟预测）—Why can’t I say what I want to say? —Please be patient. Only one of the students ________ to speak at a time. A．allows B．allowed C．is allowed D．are allowed 2．（2025·云南昆明·三模）Hanging the couplets ________ one of the traditional customs during the Chinese New Year. A．be B．am C．is D．are 3．（2025·全国·二模）About ________ of people enjoy the TV play. And 70 percent of the music in it ________ very original (原创的). A．three fifths; is B．three fifths; are C．three fifth; is D．three fifth; are 4．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）Tom, together with his parents, ________ going to visit the zoo this weekend. A．is B．are C．was D．were 5．（2025·江西抚州·模拟预测）—Please send me your homework, either by e-mail ________ by Wechat. —No problem. A．and B．but C．or D．so 6．（2025·吉林长春·二模）There ________ few tall buildings in Changchun when my grandparents were young. A．is B．are C．was D．were 7．（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测）The number of dog parks in the United States ________ by 40 percent in the past 5 years. A．has increased B．have increased C．is increasing D．are increasing 8．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）—Tom, as well as his friends, ________ interested in robotics. —They often build models together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 9．（2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）—I called you but you didn’t answer me. —Oh, sorry. I, together with friends, ________ the film Formed Police Unit at the cinema. A．has watched B．have watched C．was watching D．were watching 10．（2025·安徽六安·二模）Frank isn’t very friendly to others. As a result, all my classmates except him ________ Christmas presents from one another. A．have got B．has got C．gets D．were getting 综合训练 一．完成句子 1．（2025·广东广州·三模）全世界人们都想知道他们是否能在六个月后安全回来。 People all over the world wonder to Earth safely in six months. 2．（2025·广东广州·三模）我的朋友们也想知道我们为什么对科技节感兴趣。 My friends also wondered in the science festival. 3．（2025·广东广州·三模）如果你去参加庙会，就能了解到古代人民是如何沿着海上丝绸之路进行贸易的。 If you go to the Temple Fair, you can learn much about through the Maritime Silk Road in ancient times. 4．（2025·广东广州·二模）例如，老师提到西班牙的传统服饰和法国的不一样。 For example, the teacher mentioned that traditional Spanish clothes French clothes. 5．（2025·广东广州·二模）老师告诉我们，我们可以在活动中做什么。 The teacher told us at the event. 6．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）回顾参与生态保护项目的经历，我深深感激那些指导我的志愿者们。 Looking back at joining environmental protection projects, I’m really thankful for the volunteers guided me. 7．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）我们中国人常说：行动胜于空谈，是成功的关键。 As we Chinese often say: Actions, louder than words, are the keys to success. 8．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。 The future belongs to those in the beauty of their dreams. 9．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）最重要的是，你会遇到让贵州与众不同的人——农民在山上种茶，孩子们唱民歌，以及脸上洋溢着慈祥笑容的长者。 Most importantly, you’ll meet people Guizhou special—farmers growing tea on hills, kids singing folk songs, and elders with warm smiles on their faces. 10．（2025·贵州贵阳·二模）正在公园里跳舞的那位女士是我姑姑。 The woman dancing in the park is my aunt. 11．（2025·广东广州·三模）我们不但学到很多知识，并且体验了真正的务农。 did we learn a lot of knowledge, experienced true farming. 12．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）在均衡的饮食中，有富含维生素和矿物质的各类水果和蔬菜。 In a balanced diet, various fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins and minerals. 13．（2025·陕西商洛·三模）弟弟甚至建议我们带上相机和帐篷。 My brother even us to bring a camera and a tent. 14．（2025·甘肃酒泉·三模）团队合作在实现我们的目标中发挥着重要作用。 Teamwork an important in achieving our goals. 15．（2025·贵州遵义·模拟预测）无数环境危机正威胁着我们的星球。有工厂排放造成的严重空气污染。 many environmental crises threatening our planet. The severe air pollution is caused by factory emission. 二．用所给词的正确形式填空 1. I received an ____________(invite) from my friend Anna yesterday. She is a kind lady who comes from ____________(France). She ____________(invite) me to her house-warming party. Her house is decorated in ____________(France) style which is different from my house. 2. Going sightseeing is an exciting way to ____________(relax), which always makes me _____________(relax) and full of ____________(energy). When I come back from vacation, I often feel ____________(energy). 3. Last National Day I went on a ____________(wonder) trip to the Stonehenge and I saw lots of famous historic ___________(wonder) in England. I also ____________(communicate) with local people and learned some new words from them. Travelling offers to improve my ____________(communicate) with foreigners. 4. What a _____________(snow) day! It's ____________(snow) heavily outside and the streets are covered with _____________(snow). Some children are making snowmen happily. 5. There are many _____________(choose) to travel from Wenzhou to Hangzhou. And we finally _____________(choose) to take the train because of its fast speed and comfortable seats. 6. Alan and other thirty professional _____________(compete) attend this year's Driving _____________(compete) this Friday. They are _____________(compete) for the first prize a newly designed racing car by Mercedes Benz. 7. Most tourists won't _____________(miss) the chance to swim in the sea when they travel to Qingdao. But it's very dangerous if you're not familiar with the condition of the sea. It was reported that two young men were _____________(miss) in the sea last week. Do be careful! 8. It was lucky that my hotel was next to the city library. When I wanted to _____________(enter) it to search for some information, I was refused. I was told that no _____________(enter) is allowed when the museum is closed on Mondays. 三．语法填空 （2024·福建·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Xi’an is the capital city of Shaanxi province. It lies in 1 north of China. The city’s early history is often connected with Liu Bang, who started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. He 2 (give) it the name Chang’ an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an achieved its great importance. Korea and Japan followed Xi’an’s example in 3 (build) their ancient capitals. Many things from ancient times can still be found in Xi’an today. The city wall—one of the few city walls still left in China—is a good example. It 4 (go) around the city and is an important cultural site (遗址). In central Xi’an there is the Bell Tower—the 5 ( large) bell tower remaining in China. The bell was first designed as an emergency alarm (警钟) to warn of danger, 6 it was very often used to tell people the time. While Xi’an is a city 7 a long history, it is also very much a part of the modern world. It is best 8 (know) as a center for software (软件) research, development and services. Historically, Xi’an has always been a city of art, industry and business that have placed it far in front of many other 9 (city). Xi’an is a city always remaking 10 (it) and looking forward, all the while keeping the best of the past. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11 宾语从句、定语从句、主谓一致归纳 宾语从句 一．动词的宾语从句 1. 连词that, if/ whether引导的宾语从句 that, whether/if 起连接作用，不作任何成分。that无实义，可省略； Whether/if 意为“是否”，不可省略。 He said (that) he couldn't finish his work before dusk.他说黄昏之前他完不成任务。 Nobody knows whether/ if he likes school or not.没有人知道他是否喜欢上学。 易错点：whether/ if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，可互换，口语中常用if， 但在以下情况中，只能用whether： 1）与or not 紧接连用时。如：Let me know whether or not you can come. 2）作介词的宾语从句时。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting. 3）引导主语从句、表语从句与同位语从句时 4）在动词不定式前时。如：I don’t know whether to go. 2. 连接代词引导的宾语从句 who, what, which,等引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分, 不省略。 Do you know who is in charge of the company?你知道谁负责这家公司吗？（作主语） Can you tell me which boy is your son?你能告诉我哪个是你儿子吗？（作定语） What do you think his job is?你认为他是干什么工作的？（作表语） 3.连接副词引导的宾语从句 when, where, why, how,等引导宾语从句，并且在宾语从句中充当状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。 The police asked me how the accident happened.警察问我事故是怎么发生的。（方式状语） I don't know when we will meet again.我不知道我们何时才能再见面。（时间状语） Do you know where Mr. Brown lives?你知道布朗先生住在哪儿吗？（地点状语） 二．介词后的宾语从句 She is always thinking of how she can do more for others.她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正讨论是否让学生加入俱乐部。 宾语从句注意事项 (1)宾语从句的语序：在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。 He asked me when we could set out the next day.他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。 Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗？ (2)宾语从句的时态： 1）如果主句的谓语是一般现在时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。 She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她说她周一至周五上班。（从句时一般现在时） She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她说要在桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时） She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。（从句是现在完成时） 2）如果主句的谓语是一般过去时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态（客观真理、事实除外） He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。（从句是一般过去时） He said that he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。 He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。（从句是过去进行时） He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声传播得快。 宾语从句时态口诀：“主过从必过，主现从不限” (3) 宾语从句的否定转移（否前不否后） 我认识他不是一个好学生。 I think he is not a good student. I don’t think he is a good student. 易错总结 1.当宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来时，引导词用if或whether，如果从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。如： I don’t know whether he will come or not.我不知道他是否会来。 She is worried about whether it is true.她正担心着这件事是否是真的。 2.宾语从句中，主句为一般现在时，则从句可以根据实际需要用各种相应的时态。主句为一般过去时，则从句必须用过去的某种时态。如： I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。 He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。 3.宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget, learn等词时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如： She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。 4.直接引语是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell (ask,order等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。如： “Don’t make any noise.” she said to the children. →She told the children not to make any noise.“不要制造任何噪音”她对孩子们说。 5.在宾语从句或间接引语中如果叙述的是客观真理、客观事实等，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如： He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音的传播速度要快得多。 随堂训练 1．（2025·云南丽江·一模）— Can you tell me __________? — Sure. I run every morning and play basketball on weekends. A．how you stay healthy B．how do you stay healthy C．when do you exercise D．when you exercise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你是如何保持健康的吗？ ——当然。我每天早上跑步，周末打篮球。 考查宾语从句语序。宾语从句中必须使用陈述句语序 (主语+谓语)。选项B和C错误地使用了疑问句语序；据回答“I run every morning and play basketball on weekends.”可知，内容描述的是保持健康的方式，而非单纯锻炼时间，因此询问“如何保持健康”更贴合语境。故选A。 2．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）The two-hour documentary describes _________ in the future. A．how Suzhou will be like B．what will Suzhou be like C．how Suzhou will be D．what Suzhou will like 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这部两小时的纪录片描述了苏州未来会是什么样子。 考查宾语从句。how Suzhou will be like中“how”与“be like”搭配不当；what will Suzhou be like，使用了疑问句语序，错误；how Suzhou will be，用于询问事物状态，且使用了陈述语序；what Suzhou will like中“like”为动词，意为“喜欢”，不符合语境，所以C项符合。故选C。 3．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—DeepSeek has impressed the whole world with its powerful models. —I haven’t used it. I wonder ______. A．what languages could DeepSeek understand B．how can DeepSeek be used in English learning C．how long it takes DeepSeek to answer a question D．that DeepSeek has more advantages over ChatGPT 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——DeepSeek用其强大的模型给全世界留下了深刻印象。——我还没用过它。我想知道DeepSeek回答一个问题需要多长时间。 考查宾语从句。what languages could DeepSeek understand疑问语序，DeepSeek能理解哪些语言；how can DeepSeek be used in English learning疑问语序，DeepSeek如何能用于英语学习；how long it takes DeepSeek to answer a question陈述语序，DeepSeek回答一个问题需要多久；that DeepSeek has more advantages over ChatGPT陈述语序，DeepSeek比ChatGPT更有优势。根据“I wonder...”可知，后需接疑问类从句，排除D，且宾语从句需用陈述语序。故选C。 4．（2025·安徽黄山·模拟预测）—I wonder ________ I can protect my eyes. Can you give me some advice? —First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time. A．why B．where C．how D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想知道我怎样能保护我的眼睛。你能给我一些建议吗？——首先，你应该避免长时间看手机屏幕。 考查宾语从句引导词辨析。why为什么，询问原因；where在哪里，询问地点；how怎样，询问方式；which哪一个，通常用于在一定范围内进行选择。根据答语“First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time.”可知，这是在给出保护眼睛的方式建议，所以问句是在询问“怎样保护眼睛”，应该用how来引导宾语从句。故选C。 5．（2025·甘肃武威·模拟预测）—I wonder ________. —What about next Saturday? A．what time does she go to work B．when will you watch the movie C．how his cousin is leaving D．when you can hang out with me 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我想知道你什么时候能和我一起出去玩。——下周六怎么样？    考查宾语从句。根据题干“I wonder ...”可知，空格处为宾语从句，需用陈述语序（主语+谓语），选项A、B为疑问语序，排除；选项C虽为陈述语序，但答句“next Saturday”与“how his cousin is leaving”无关；选项D“when you can hang out with me”为陈述语序，且答句直接回应时间安排，逻辑通顺。故选D。 6．（2025·天津·模拟预测）The little girl asked her mother ________. A．that she could hold a party at home B．how long will she hold her party C．if her friends will come to her party D．how many guests would come to her party 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个小女孩问她妈妈有多少客人会来参加她的派对。 考查宾语从句的用法。that she could hold a party at home她可以在家举办派对；how long will she hold her party她会举办多久的派对；if her friends will come to her party她的朋友是否会来参加她的派对；how many guests would come to her party有多少客人会来参加她的派对。根据 “asked her mother”可知，此处是宾语从句，需满足陈述语序、主过从过的规则。结合这一要求，选项D“how many guests would come to her party”既符合陈述语序，又用would匹配了主句asked的过去时态。故选D。 7．（2025·天津·模拟预测）—Do you know if we ________ a school leavers’ party? —I think if we ________ too many tasks next term, we will. A．will have; have B．will have; don’t have C．don’t have; won’t have D．will have; won’t have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道我们会不会举办毕业派对吗？——我觉得如果下学期我们没有太多任务的话，我们会举办的。 考查动词时态。根据“—Do you know if we...a school leavers’ party?  —I think if we...too many tasks next term, we will.”可知，第一空所在句是if引导的宾语从句，询问未来是否举办派对，需用一般将来时will have；第二空所在句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，结合“we will”可知从句表否定含义，需用don’t have。故选B。 8．（2025·安徽宣城·二模）—Did you notice someone was passing? —Yes, I did. I knew it was a girl, but I didn’t see clearly ______ she was. A．where B．what C．how D．who 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你注意到有人经过了吗？——是的，我注意到了。我知道那是一个女孩，但我没有看清楚她是谁。 考查宾语从句的连接词。where哪里；what什么；how如何；who谁。根据“I knew it was a girl, but I didn’t see clearly...she was”可知知道是一个女孩，但是没看清楚是谁，用who引导宾语从句。故选D。 9．（2025·全国·模拟预测）Which of the following sentences has an object clause? A．I will only stay if you offer me more money. B．I rang them yesterday to check when they arrived. C．Doctor Zhang is so kind that he wins many people's heart. D．Conan is a detective who appears in a popular cartoon series. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下面哪个句子有宾语从句？ 考查宾语从句。I will only stay if you offer me more money.是if引导的条件状语从句；I rang them yesterday to check when they arrived.是when引导的宾语从句，作check的宾语；Doctor Zhang is so kind that he wins many people's heart.so...that...引导的结果状语从句；Conan is a detective who appears in a popular cartoon series.是who引导的定语从句。综上可知，B项是宾语从句。故选B。 10．（2025·全国·模拟预测）—Why don’t we go to see Tea House at Poly Theatre tonight? —Good idea. Let me check ________. A．when will the play start B．where is the Poly Theatre C．how much does a ticket cost D．whether there are tickets or not 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——今晚我们为什么不去保利剧院看《茶馆》呢？——好主意。让我查一下是否还有票。 考查宾语从句。when will the play start剧什么时候开始，疑问语序；where is the Poly Theatre保利剧院在哪里，疑问语序；how much does a ticket cost一张票多少钱，疑问语序；whether there are tickets or not是否还有票，陈述语序。根据“Let me check...”可知，此处是宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序。故选D。 定语从句 什么是定语从句：I like a girl who is beautiful. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 一．关系词分类 分类 引导词 例句 关系 代词 who, whom, which, that, whose The man who is working there is my brother. This is the book(that/which) I bought yesterday. The room whose window is open is mine. 关系 副词 when, where, why I still remember the day when you left for Beijing. This is the school where my mother works. 二．关系代词引导的定语从句 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 that,who,whom (whom只作 宾语) 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗? that,which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 She has a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台父母给买的电脑。 whose 定语 人、物 He’s a man whose opinion I respect.他是我尊重意见的人。 The classroom whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个教室是我的教室。 三．关系代词的用法 一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后作介词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如: A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.  　　　　　　　先行词　主语　　谓语　　　　宾语  who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。 句意:医生就是照顾人们身体健康的人。 (1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导: ①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。如: Is there anything that you don’t understand?你有不懂的地方吗? Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。 ②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如: This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。 ③当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级,或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。 ④当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。如: Which is the hotel that you like best?哪一个是你最喜欢的旅馆? (2)关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以放在which,whom之前,构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。如: I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。 (3)that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如: Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁? All who have seen the film were moved.看过这部电影的人都被感动了。 关系代词专项训练 一、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who 1.This is the man wants to see you. 2.The man you went to see has come. 3.The man I met yesterday lent me some money. 4.Here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday. 5.The storybook I have just read cannot be easily forgotten. 6.The film they are talking about is very interesting. 7.I will never forget the people and the places I have ever visited. 【答案】1.who/that 2.(who/that) 3.(who/that) 4.(which/that) 5.(which/that) 6.(which/that) 7.(that) 二、翻译句子 1.不努力学习的学生是不会通过考试的。 The students will not pass the exam. 2.这些是我去年在北京照的照片。 These photo are the photos . 【答案】1.who don’t study hard 2.which I took in Beijing last year 四．关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 相当于 先行词 在从句中的句法功能 when at/in/on/during which 表示时间的词（组） 时间状语 where in/at which 表示地点的词（组） 地点状语 why for which reason 原因状语 when、where 和 why引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 (1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如: I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。 (2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词通常是表示原因的reason一词。如: We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。 (3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如: That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就读的学校。 中考对定语从句的考查一般是考查定语从句的关系词。定语从句关系词的选用由先行词决定,因此找对先行词是成功解题的关键。首先若先行词是人,则关系词在who,whom,that,whose中选择。其次,若先行词是物,则关系词在that,which,whose中选择。第三,特殊用法的特殊记,比如先行词是不定代词,关系代词则必须使用that。 Kids, I hope you’ll remember the good old days 　　　 we spent together in junior high though it;s time to say goodbye.  A.who B.what C.which 答案　C 解析 关系代词的选择由先行词来决定。本题中先行词是days,关系词在从句中作宾语,因此选择which。 易混易错 1.只能用which引导的定语从句 (1)在引导非限制性定语从句时,不能用that。如: The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(此句中的which不能换成that) 这棵有四百年树龄的树在这里很有名。 (2)介词后不能用that。如: We depend on the land from which we get our food.(介词from后不能用that) 我们依靠土地获得食物。 2.判断关系代词与关系副词 用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。若谓语动词是及物动词且后面无宾语,就用关系代词;若谓语动词是及物动词且后面有宾语或谓语动词是不及物动词,则要用关系副词。如: I’ll never forget the day when I first met him.我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。 The house where I live now was bought five years ago.我现在住的房子是五年前买的。 一、填入适合的关系词 1.We often think of the days we spent together in the countryside. 2.We often think of the days we worked together in the countryside. 3.We believe the reason he told us. 4.The reason he was absent yesterday is still unknown. 5.The school I visited is beautiful. 6.The school I studied is beautiful. 【答案】1.which/that2.when3. which/that4.why5.which/that6.where 2、 翻译句子 1.这是他爸爸工作的地方。 This is the place . 2.你能告诉我你迟到的原因么。 Can you tell me the reason . 3.我永远都不会忘记我们在高中学习的那段时光。 I will never forget the time . 【答案】1.where his father works2.why you are late3.when we study in a high middle school 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）Zhang Hong, a Chinese man, is the first Asian blind climber has reached the top of Qomolangma. A．when B．whose C．which D．who 【答案】D 【详解】句意：张宏，一个中国人，是第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰顶的亚洲盲人登山者。 考查定语从句的关系代词。when当……时；whose谁的；which哪一个（用于物）；who谁（用于人）。该句是定语从句，先行词为climber，意为“登山者”，指人，且从句中缺少主语，需用表示人的关系代词who引导。故选D。 2．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—How do you like this comedy? —I think it’s the most interesting program ______ I have ever watched. A．who B．when C．that D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得这部喜剧怎么样？——我认为这是我看过的最有趣的节目。 考查定语从句关系代词辨析。who“谁”在定语从句中指代人；when“当……时”，属于关系副词，在从句中充当状语；that“那个”可以空格指代人或物；which“哪个”在定语从句指代物。空格处需引导定语从句修饰先行词“program”，该先行词指事物且被最高级“the most interesting”修饰，此时关系代词需用that。故选C。 3．（2025·甘肃武威·模拟预测）—Hi, Mary. Do you know Jay Chou? —Sure. He is a popular singer ________ comes from Taiwan. A．whom B．what C．who D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——嗨，玛丽。你认识周杰伦吗？——当然。他是一位来自台湾的流行歌手。 考查关系代词辨析。whom谁（宾格）；what什么（不能引导定语从句）；who谁（主格）；which哪个。根据“He is a popular singer...comes from Taiwan”可知，空格处需填入关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词“singer”（指人），且在从句中作主语，应用主格“who”。故选C。 4．（25-26九年级上·甘肃平凉·月考）Du Fu is a Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world. A．what B．who C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：杜甫是一位在全世界很受欢迎的中国诗人。 考查定语从句的关系代词。what什么，指事物；who谁，指人，可作主语；whom谁，指人但作宾语；whose谁的，表示所有格。空白处需用关系代词指代“a Chinese poet”，指人，并在从句中作主语。故选B。 5．（25-26九年级上·甘肃武威·月考）I’ll never forget the days ________ we spent together five years ago. A．which B．when C．where D．how 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记五年前我们一起度过的日子。 考查定语从句。根据“the days...we spent together five years ago”可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是“the days”，表示物，在从句中作“spent”的宾语，因此要用关系代词“which”来引导定语从句。故选A。 6．（2025·广东汕头·三模）—Nowadays, WeChat is very popular among friends. —Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like. A．that B．which C．who D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——如今，微信在朋友中很受欢迎。——是的。它似乎是人们喜欢的最好的交流方式。 考查定语从句引导词辨析。that引导词，先行词指人或物；which引导词，先行词指物；who引导词，先行词指人；whom引导词，先行词指人，作宾语。根据“the best way of communication…people like”可知，先行词way被最高级the best修饰，且引导词在从句中作宾语，此时只能用that。故选A。 7．（2025·江苏南京·三模）But ice sculpture is not only for chefs! Today there are many artists ________ create sculptures out of ice just because they enjoy it. A．who B．whose C．which D．how 【答案】A 【详解】句意：但冰雕不只是厨师的专长！如今有许多艺术家，他们用冰创作雕塑，只是因为他们热爱这件事。 考查定语从句关系代词。who指代人，在从句中作主语/宾语；whose表所属关系，后接名词；which指代物，在从句中作主语/宾语；how不引导定语从句。先行词是artists，表示人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who。故选A。 8．（2025·江苏徐州·三模）Don’t you know Neil Armstrong ________ was the first man to walk on the moon? A．which B．whether C．who D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你不知道Neil Armstrong是第一个登上月球的人吗？ 考查连词。which哪一个；whether是否；who谁；/不填。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为指人的“Neil Armstrong”，who符合。故选C。 9．（2025·广东汕头·二模）Our parents often talk about the people and the things ________ they can remember in their middle school. A．who B．whom C．which D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们的父母经常谈论他们在中学时期记得的人和事。 考查定语从句。who谁，先行词指人；whom谁，引导定语从句时，在从句中作宾语，先行词指人；which哪一个，先行词指物；that那个，先行词指人或物。先行词是“the people and the things”，表示“人和事”，包含“人”和“物”，故关系词应使用既可指人又可指物的“that”。故选D。 10．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）This is the book ________ I bought yesterday. A．who B．which C．what D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是我昨天买的书。 考查定语从句。who谁，先行词是人；which哪一个，先行词是物；what什么，不能引导定语从句；whom谁，先行词是人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词“the book”是物，which符合。故选B。 主谓一致 一 .语法一致原则 使用情况 例句 1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 The girl is fond of singing. To protect the environment is our duty. Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. 2.表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 The students are having their math class. They have been to Qingdao twice. 3.and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式。 Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health. The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. 4.both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 Both Peter and Mike come from England. 5.有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Jack’s glasses are broken. Linda’s shoes are black and blue. 6.“a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of trees have been planted. The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120. 7.不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Is everyone here? Something is wrong with my computer. I called last night,but nobody was in. 8.主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 Mei Mei,with her parents,often goes to the park on Sunday. A teacher,together with some students,is standing at the gate. 9.主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。 This kind of car is made in China. Large quantities of water are needed. 10.“分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of／lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。 Two thirds of the work has been finished. Most of the books are written in English. 二.意义一致原则 使用情况 例句 1.使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。 His family isn’t large.His family are fond of watching sports programs. 2.有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。 The police are searching for the murder. Physics is really difficult for me 3.“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The young are energetic. 4.某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。 Half of the work has been finished. Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time. 5.表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Two pounds isn’t so heavy. Two months is a long holiday. Ten yuan is enough. Ten minus five is five. 三．就近一致原则 使用情况 例句 1.由or, either…or…, nor, neither…nor…,whether…or…,not…but…,not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Neither you nor he is wrong. Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film. 2.Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。 Here are some books and paper for you. There is an orange and two apples on the plate. 一. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Tom and I (be) in the same class. 2. The singer and writer (talk) with foreign guests now. 3. Fish and chips (be) delicious. 4. Either you or I (be) mad. 5. Neither you nor he (be) right. 6. Not only the planets but also the earth (move) round the sun. 7. There (be) a car and three buses outside. 8. Mr. Turner together with his friends _just (arrive)in Beijing. 9. To read English loud _____ (be) very important. 10. Reading (be) is a good way. 【答案】1. are 2. is talking 3. is 4. am 5. is 6. moves 7. is 8. has arrived 9. is 10. is 二．单项选择 1．（2025·云南昆明·模拟预测）—Why can’t I say what I want to say? —Please be patient. Only one of the students ________ to speak at a time. A．allows B．allowed C．is allowed D．are allowed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——为什么我不能说我想说的话？——请耐心点。一次只允许一个学生发言。 考查被动语态和主谓一致。本句时态为一般现在时，one of the students是动作allow的承受者，要用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”。主语是“one of the students”，谓语动词应用三单。故选C。 2．（2025·云南昆明·三模）Hanging the couplets ________ one of the traditional customs during the Chinese New Year. A．be B．am C．is D．are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：挂春联是中国新年期间的传统习俗之一。    考查主谓一致。be是动词原形；am用于第一人称单数；is用于第三人称单数或不可数名词；are用于第二人称或复数主语。根据“Hanging the couplets”可知，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故选C。     3．（2025·全国·二模）About ________ of people enjoy the TV play. And 70 percent of the music in it ________ very original (原创的). A．three fifths; is B．three fifths; are C．three fifth; is D．three fifth; are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：大约五分之三的人喜欢这部电视剧。其中70%的音乐都是原创的。 考查数词和主谓一致。three fifths五分之三；分子大于一时，用复数形式；故排除CD两项。is是，是第三人称单数形式；are是，是复数形式；分数或百分数修饰名词，作主语，谓语根据所修饰的名词判断，此处music是不可数名词，因此谓语用第三人称单数。故选A。 4．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）Tom, together with his parents, ________ going to visit the zoo this weekend. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆这个周末打算和他的父母一起去动物园。 考查主谓一致。“together with”连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与前面的主语保持一致，Tom是第三人称单数，且根据“this weekend”可知，时态是一般将来时，应用“be going to”结构，be动词用is。故选A。 5．（2025·江西抚州·模拟预测）—Please send me your homework, either by e-mail ________ by Wechat. —No problem. A．and B．but C．or D．so 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——请把你的作业发给我，可以通过电子邮件或者微信。——没问题。 考查连词辨析。and和，表示并列或递进；but但是，表示转折；so所以，表示结果；or或者，表示选择。根据“either by e-mail...by Wechat”可知，此处强调二选一的关系，要么通过邮件发送作业，要么通过微信。either…or…“或者……或者……”，固定短语。故选C。 6．（2025·吉林长春·二模）There ________ few tall buildings in Changchun when my grandparents were young. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我祖父母年轻的时候，长春几乎没有高楼大厦。 考查时态及主谓一致。is是，be的第三人称单数现在时形式；are是，be的复数和第二人称单数现在时形式；was是，be的第一和第三人称单数过去式；were是，be的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式。根据“when my grandparents were young”可知，此处指过去的事情，句子时态为一般过去时，主语为“buildings”，用were。故选D。 7．（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测）The number of dog parks in the United States ________ by 40 percent in the past 5 years. A．has increased B．have increased C．is increasing D．are increasing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在过去的五年里，美国狗公园的数量增加了40%。    考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“in the past 5 years”可知，句子应用现在完成时：have/has + 过去分词；主语“The number of dog parks”强调“数量”，是单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式has increased，故选A。 8．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）—Tom, as well as his friends, ________ interested in robotics. —They often build models together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Tom和他的朋友们都对机器人很感兴趣。——他们经常在一起制作机器人模型。 考查主谓一致。is用于主语为第三人称单数；are用于主语为复数；was为is和am的过去式；were为are的过去式。根据语境可知，谈论的是一般的状况，句子用一般现在时；主语后有 as well as 连接的其他名词时，谓语动词的数由第一个主语决定；句子主语是Tom，第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选A。 9．（2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）—I called you but you didn’t answer me. —Oh, sorry. I, together with friends, ________ the film Formed Police Unit at the cinema. A．has watched B．have watched C．was watching D．were watching 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我给你打电话了，但你没接。——哦，抱歉。我当时正和朋友在电影院看《维和防暴队》。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“I called you but you didn’t answer me.”可知，指的是那时候正在看电影，所以应用过去进行时，此句主语是together with前的I，be动词用was。故选C。 10．（2025·安徽六安·二模）Frank isn’t very friendly to others. As a result, all my classmates except him ________ Christmas presents from one another. A．have got B．has got C．gets D．were getting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：弗兰克对别人不太友好。因此，除了他之外，我所有的同学都收到了彼此送的圣诞礼物。 考查主谓一致以及现在完成时的用法。根据“all my classmates（我的所有同学，复数概念）”以及句子语境可知，这里表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，要用现在完成时，且主语不是第三人称单数，所以要用have got。故选A。 综合训练 一．完成句子 1．（2025·广东广州·三模）全世界人们都想知道他们是否能在六个月后安全回来。 People all over the world wonder to Earth safely in six months. 【答案】 if/whether they can return 【详解】中英对照可知，空处意为“他们是否能回来”，if/whether“是否”，引导宾语从句；they“他们”，can“能够”，后加动词原形；return“返回”；故填if/whether；they；can；return。 2．（2025·广东广州·三模）我的朋友们也想知道我们为什么对科技节感兴趣。 My friends also wondered in the science festival. 【答案】 why we were interested 【详解】句子是宾语从句，此处用why引导宾语从句，从句用陈述语序；根据“wondered”可知主句是过去时，故此处从句用一般过去时，主语是we，be动词用were；对……感兴趣：be interested in。故填why；we；were；interested。 3．（2025·广东广州·三模）如果你去参加庙会，就能了解到古代人民是如何沿着海上丝绸之路进行贸易的。 If you go to the Temple Fair, you can learn much about through the Maritime Silk Road in ancient times. 【答案】 how people traded 【详解】根据句意可知，此处表示“古代人民是如何沿着海上丝绸之路进行贸易的”，其中“如何”用疑问词“how”引导宾语从句；“人民”用名词“people”作从句主语；“进行贸易”用动词“trade”作从句谓语，根据语境可知此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时，trade的过去式为traded。故填how；people；traded。 4．（2025·广东广州·二模）例如，老师提到西班牙的传统服饰和法国的不一样。 For example, the teacher mentioned that traditional Spanish clothes French clothes. 【答案】 are different from 【详解】对照中英文可知缺少“和……不一样”，“和……不一样”be different from，主语traditional Spanish clothes是复数，且宾语从句表示客观事实，是一般现在时，故be动词用are。故填are；different；from。 5．（2025·广东广州·二模）老师告诉我们，我们可以在活动中做什么。 The teacher told us at the event. 【答案】 what we could do 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处为“我们可以做什么”。根据“The teacher told us”空格处应为what“什么”引导的宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序，且时态遵守“主过从必过”的原则，即从句时态应为一般过去时。“我们”we；“能”could，其后接动词原形“做”do。故填what；we；could；do。 6．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）回顾参与生态保护项目的经历，我深深感激那些指导我的志愿者们。 Looking back at joining environmental protection projects, I’m really thankful for the volunteers guided me. 【答案】 who/that have 【详解】分析句子可知，此处需要一个定语从句来修饰先行词“the volunteers”，表示“那些指导我的志愿者们”。在定语从句中，关系词需要代替先行词在从句中充当成分，由于先行词“the volunteers”指人，且在从句中作主语，所以应使用关系代词“who/that”来引导定语从句；“指导我”的动作发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响，因此需要用现在完成时“have/has done”，“the volunteers”是复数，助动词用have。故填who/that；have。 7．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）我们中国人常说：行动胜于空谈，是成功的关键。 As we Chinese often say: Actions, louder than words, are the keys to success. 【答案】 which speak 【详解】分析句子结构可知，空处句子是非限制性定语从句，先行词actions指物，作主语，引导词用which，speak“说”，作从句的谓语；时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填which；speak。 8．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。 The future belongs to those in the beauty of their dreams. 【答案】 who believe 【详解】根据题干和句意可知，本句为定语从句。先行词为“those”，指代“那些人”，引导词只能用关系代词“who”；动词“believe”意为“相信”，believe in意为“相信……”，根据“The future belongs to those”可知，应用一般现在时，而定语从句中主语“who”指代“那些人”，为复数，动词用原形，故填who; believe。 9．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）最重要的是，你会遇到让贵州与众不同的人——农民在山上种茶，孩子们唱民歌，以及脸上洋溢着慈祥笑容的长者。 Most importantly, you’ll meet people Guizhou special—farmers growing tea on hills, kids singing folk songs, and elders with warm smiles on their faces. 【答案】 who make 【详解】据句意可知，此处需要一个定语从句的引导词以及相应的谓语动词来修饰“people”，并表达“使贵州与众不同”的意思。在定语从句中，引导词“who”用于指代人，即这里的“people”。而“make”作为谓语动词，与“who”一起构成定语从句，表达“使……与众不同”的含义，完整表达为“who make Guizhou special”。故填who；make。 10．（2025·贵州贵阳·二模）正在公园里跳舞的那位女士是我姑姑。 The woman dancing in the park is my aunt. 【答案】who is/that is 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“正在……的那位”，这里需要用定语从句来修饰“The woman”，先行词“The woman”是人，在定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词用 “who”或“that”，又因为“正在跳舞”是现在进行时，结构为“be+现在分词”，主语是单数，be动词用“is”。故填who is/that is。 11．（2025·广东广州·三模）我们不但学到很多知识，并且体验了真正的务农。 did we learn a lot of knowledge, experienced true farming. 【答案】 Not only but also 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空格处需填写“不仅……而且……”，英文表达为not only…but also，为并列连词。故填Not；only；but；also。 12．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）在均衡的饮食中，有富含维生素和矿物质的各类水果和蔬菜。 In a balanced diet, various fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins and minerals. 【答案】 there are 【详解】根据中英文对照，句子要表达“有富含维生素和矿物质的各类水果和蔬菜”，此处是there be句型表示“存在有”，“various fruits and vegetables”是复数主语，be动词用are。“there are”意为“有”，符合“某地存在某物”的语义逻辑。故填there；are。 13．（2025·陕西商洛·三模）弟弟甚至建议我们带上相机和帐篷。 My brother even us to bring a camera and a tent. 【答案】advises/advised 【详解】建议：advise，advise sb to do“建议某人做某事”，根据语境，可以用一般现在时，结合主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数advises；也可以用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式advised。故填advises/advised。 14．（2025·甘肃酒泉·三模）团队合作在实现我们的目标中发挥着重要作用。 Teamwork an important in achieving our goals. 【答案】 plays role/part 【详解】对照中英文可知，缺少“发挥”和“作用”。描述事实用一般现在时。主语为不可数名词“Teamwork”，第一个空填动词三单形式作谓语。“在……中发挥作用”可以用play a role in或者play a part in。play的三单形式为plays。故填plays；role/part。 15．（2025·贵州遵义·模拟预测）无数环境危机正威胁着我们的星球。有工厂排放造成的严重空气污染。 many environmental crises threatening our planet. The severe air pollution is caused by factory emission. 【答案】 There are 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，设空处强调“many environmental crises threatening our planet”现象的存在情况，可用there be“某地有某物”结构表达；结合主语为复数，时态为一般现在时，be动词用are，句首首字母大写。故填There；are。 二．用所给词的正确形式填空 1. I received an ____________(invite) from my friend Anna yesterday. She is a kind lady who comes from ____________(France). She ____________(invite) me to her house-warming party. Her house is decorated in ____________(France) style which is different from my house. 2. Going sightseeing is an exciting way to ____________(relax), which always makes me _____________(relax) and full of ____________(energy). When I come back from vacation, I often feel ____________(energy). 3. Last National Day I went on a ____________(wonder) trip to the Stonehenge and I saw lots of famous historic ___________(wonder) in England. I also ____________(communicate) with local people and learned some new words from them. Travelling offers to improve my ____________(communicate) with foreigners. 4. What a _____________(snow) day! It's ____________(snow) heavily outside and the streets are covered with _____________(snow). Some children are making snowmen happily. 5. There are many _____________(choose) to travel from Wenzhou to Hangzhou. And we finally _____________(choose) to take the train because of its fast speed and comfortable seats. 6. Alan and other thirty professional _____________(compete) attend this year's Driving _____________(compete) this Friday. They are _____________(compete) for the first prize a newly designed racing car by Mercedes Benz. 7. Most tourists won't _____________(miss) the chance to swim in the sea when they travel to Qingdao. But it's very dangerous if you're not familiar with the condition of the sea. It was reported that two young men were _____________(miss) in the sea last week. Do be careful! 8. It was lucky that my hotel was next to the city library. When I wanted to _____________(enter) it to search for some information, I was refused. I was told that no _____________(enter) is allowed when the museum is closed on Mondays. 【答案】1.introduces, introduction2.main, mainly3.printers, to print, printing4.Developments, develops/has developed5.connected, connection6.Finally, final7.proper, properly 三．语法填空 （2024·福建·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Xi’an is the capital city of Shaanxi province. It lies in 1 north of China. The city’s early history is often connected with Liu Bang, who started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. He 2 (give) it the name Chang’ an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an achieved its great importance. Korea and Japan followed Xi’an’s example in 3 (build) their ancient capitals. Many things from ancient times can still be found in Xi’an today. The city wall—one of the few city walls still left in China—is a good example. It 4 (go) around the city and is an important cultural site (遗址). In central Xi’an there is the Bell Tower—the 5 ( large) bell tower remaining in China. The bell was first designed as an emergency alarm (警钟) to warn of danger, 6 it was very often used to tell people the time. While Xi’an is a city 7 a long history, it is also very much a part of the modern world. It is best 8 (know) as a center for software (软件) research, development and services. Historically, Xi’an has always been a city of art, industry and business that have placed it far in front of many other 9 (city). Xi’an is a city always remaking 10 (it) and looking forward, all the while keeping the best of the past. 【答案】 1．the 2．gave 3．building 4．goes 5．largest 6．but 7．with 8．known 9．cities 10．itself 【导语】本文介绍了中国的城市西安。 1．句意：它在中国北方。in the north表示“在北方”。故填the。 2．句意：他给它长安的名字。根据“who started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. ”可知描述过去的事，用一般过去时，give过去式为gave。故填gave。 3．句意：韩国和日本效仿西安建造古都。in为介词，后接动词的动名词形式。故填building。 4．句意：它环绕着城市，是一个重要的文化遗址。根据“is an important cultural site ”可知此句时态是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单。故填goes。 5．句意：在西安的中心有钟楼——中国现存最大的钟楼。the后接形容词最高级，largest表示“最大的”。故填largest。 6．句意：钟最初是作为紧急警报来警告危险的，但它经常被用来告诉人们时间。空前后有转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 7．句意：西安是一座历史悠久的城市，同时也是现代世界的一部分。根据“While Xi’an is a city ... a long history”可知此处指有悠久历史的城市，介词with表示“具有”。故填with。 8．句意：它以软件研究、开发和服务中心而闻名。形容词短语be known as表示“被称为”。故填known。 9．句意：从历史上看，西安一直是一座艺术、工业和商业之都，这使它远远领先于许多其他城市。many other后接名词复数。故填cities。 10．句意：西安是一个不断自我改造和向前看的城市，同时也保留着过去的精华。根据“ Xi’an is a city always remaking”可知此处指改进自己，主语是Xi’an，此处用反身代词itself。故填itself。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $