专题07 代词考点、代词归纳-九年级英语人教版

专题07 代词考点、代词归纳 代词考点 考点1.辨析 somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody 相同点：做主语时谓语动词用单数；形容词修饰这些词要后置。 somebody=someone 某人，用于肯定句中或征询意见的疑问句中 anybody=anyone 任何人，用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中 nobody=no one 没有人，无人，本身为否定含义 everybody=everyone 每人，人人，不能用来指物 I can hear somebody moving about upstairs.我能听到楼上有人走动。 I didn’t see anybody there.我在那儿没有看见任何人。 I’ve called but nobody answered.我打电话了，但是没有人接。 Is everyone here today？今天大家到齐了吗？ The most beautiful thing about learning is that ___D___ can take it away from you. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody 考点2.somewhere different的用法 用法分析 somewhere different意为“某个不同的地方”，somewhere为副词，意为“在某处；到某处”，通常用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑问句中要用anywhere，形容词修饰somewhere, anywhere, nowhere时，形容词应置于其后。somewhere表示地点时，其前不需加介词。 我想去有趣的地方和家人一起放松。I want to go somewhere interesting to relax with my family. Did you go B last summer holiday？ —Yes. I went to Shanghai Disneyland A. somewhere special B. anywhere special C. special somewhere D. special anywhere 考点3.辨析 each，every each 用于两者或两者以上，个别意义较重，表示各个不同，强调个人或个别。 可接of短语，every则不可；each还可做定语、状语，修饰单数名词。 every 表示数目不确定的许多人或物中间的“每一个”，表示“全体”意义，用于三者或三者以上。 every还可用于数词前，each则不能，如every five minutes（每5分钟）。 Each of his children goes to different schools.他的每个孩子都在不同的学校里读书。 Every child must finish their homework on time.每个孩子必须按时完成作业。 Each of us ___A___ a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future. A. has B. have C. will have D. had 考点4.辨析nobody, none nobody 只能指人，表示泛指“没有人”，做主语时，谓语动词只能用单数，等同于no one，不强调数量，可用来回答由who提问的问句。 I went to see my parents, but nobody was in the house. 我去看望我的父母，但是家里一个人也没有。 none 既可指人又可指物，意为“没有任何人或物，一个也没有，”后可跟of，做主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。强调数量，可用来回答由how many/ how much提问的问句。 —How many animals can you see in the picture? 在这幅画里你能看到多少动物？ —None. 一个也看不到。 —Two tickets for Sunday, please! —Sorry. There is B left. A. nothing B. none C. some D. anything 考点5.a number of的用法 用法分析 a number of与many用法相同，其后接可数名词复数形式。number前还可用large，small，great等词修饰。 书架上有许多书。There are a number of books on the shelves. 要点辨析 a number of，the number of a number of 许多，后接可数名词复数。做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 the number of ……的数量，后接可数名词复数。做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 A number of students in our school come from Shandong.我们学校的很多学生来自山东。 谓语动词用复数形式 The number of the students in our school is 4,000.我们学校有4000名学生。 谓语动词用单数形式 Nowadays, ___C___ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about ______ of them are adults. A. the number of；four-fifths B. a number of；four-fifth C. a number of；four-fifths D. the number of；four -five 考点6.辨析 much too, too much, too many, so many, so much much too 太 关键词为too，修饰形容词/副词 This dish is much too salty. 这道菜太咸了。 too much 太多 （的） 关键词为much，修饰不可数名词/动词 Today I have too much homework to do.今天我有太多的家庭作业要做。 Don’t speak too much at the meeting.会上别讲得太多。 too many 太多的 关键词为many，修饰复数名词 I have too many questions to ask. 我有太多的问题要问。 so many 如此多 关键词为many，修饰复数名词 There are so many cars in the street here.这儿的大街上有如此多的车。 so much 如此多 关键词为much，修饰不可数名词 There was so much food that we couldn’t eat it all.食物太多了，我们吃不完。 My cousin is ___C___ heavy because he often eats ______ fast food. A. too much; too many B. too many; too much C. much too; too much D. too much; much too 考点7.辨析 little，a little，few，a few 修饰不可数名词 little “几乎没有”，表示否定的概念。 There is little milk in the bottle.瓶子里几乎没有牛奶了。 a little “有一些；有一点”，表示肯定的意义。 I know a little English.我知道点英语 修饰可数名词 few “几乎没有”，表示否定的概念。 I feel lonely, because I have few friends.我感到很孤独，因为我几乎没有朋友 a few “有一些；有几个”，表示肯定的意义。 Today I eat a few apples.今天我吃了几个苹果。 中考特殊考点 在反意疑问句中，陈述部分有few，little，no，nothing，nobody，never，seldom，hardly等表示否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。 1.-Would you like to have some tea？ -No, thanks. There is ___D___ in my cup. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 考点8. one…the other…的用法 用法分析 one...the other..表示“一个……另一个……” 我有两个姐姐。一个是教师，另一个是工人。I have two sisters. One is a teacher and the other is a worker. 要点拓展 “other”的不同意义 one...the other 一个……另一个 another （三者或三者以上）的“另一个” some...others 一些……，另一些（并非全部）…… some...the others 一些……，另一些（剩下的全部） each other 互相，彼此 I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.我有两支钢笔。一支红的，另一支蓝的。 Would you like another apple？你想再吃一个苹果吗？ Look！Some are taking photos. Others are lying on the beach.看！一些人在照相，还有些人躺 在沙滩上。（还有做其他的事情的人） There are twenty pencils in my box. Five pencils are yours, the others are mine.在我的盒子里有20支铅笔。5支是你的，其余的都是我的。 We should learn from each other.我们应该互相学习。 注意 “another +基数词+复数名词”表示“再……；又……；另处……”，想当于“基数词+more+复数名词”。（中考常考点） I need another two desks. =I need two more desks.我还需要两张桌子。 -I like the coat but not the color. Have you got ___D___ one？ -Yes, I’ll show you. A. other B. others C. the other D. another 考点9.辨析one, it, that one 替代可数名词单数，表示泛指，代替前面提到的同类人或物中的一个，但不能替代前面的整个句子，表同类异物；one可以单独使用，前面也可有“冠词+形容词”或this, that, which等修饰；one的复数形式为ones it 即可替代可数名词单数，也可替代不可数名词，特指前文提到过的同一事物，表同类同物 that 替代可数名词单数或不可数名词，特指上文提到过的某类事物，也可替代前面的整句话；有时为了避免重复，that可以和do连用来代替上文提到的动作，而one和it则没有这种用法 这些是我的书。你想看哪一本？Here are my books. Which one do you want to read? 你喜欢这个游戏吗？—Do you like the game? 是的，我喜欢。—Yes, I like it. 中国的人口比美国的人口多得多。 The population of China is much larger than that of America. 中考链接 —Nick, lost my pen and I couldn't find B anywhere. —There are many pens in that box. Just take ______. A. it; it B. it; one C. one; it D. one; one 考点10辨析 both...and…，neither...nor...，not only…but also…，either...or... both...and..... ……和……两者都 连接两个并列成分做主语，谓语用复数 Both New York and London have traffic problems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。 neither...nor... 既不……也不……； 两者都不 连接两个并列成分做主语时，谓语采用“就近原则” Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。 not only...but also... 不但……而且 Not only you but（also）he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了 either....or... 或者……或者…… Either you or I am right.要么你要么我是对的。 A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it ___C___ helps with students’ health, ______ improves their social skills. A. either；or B. neither；nor C. not only；but also 考点11. one of..的用法 用法分析 one of..后接复数名词或代词，意为“……之一”，做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 我最喜欢的运动之一是足球。One of my favorite sports is soccer. 要点拓展 “one of the +形容词最高级十复数名词”意为“最……之一” Changjiang is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 Do you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world？你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？ The Nile is one of the ___C___ rivers in the world. A. long B. longer C. longest D. most longest 考点12. it做形式宾语的用法 句子结构分析 “find it+形容调+比to do sth.”，意为“发现做某事……”，find后接复合宾语，其中it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语，形容词在句中做宾语补足语。 Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English？ 主语 谓语 形式宾语 宾语补足语 真正的宾语 I find it very interesting to learn French.我发现学法语很有趣。 Chinese people find it our duty to help develop African countries along the Belt and Road.中国人发现帮助“一带一路”沿线的非洲国家发展是我们的责任。 要点拓展 “find it + be + adj.（+for sb.）+to do sth.”为“find十宾语从句”结构，其中it在宾语从句中做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，形容词在宾语从句中做表语。 We find it is boring to watch the movie.我们发现看那场电影很无聊。 主句 宾语从句 We find ___B___ impossible for us _____ a foreign language well in a short time. A. one；learn B. it；to learn C. that；to learn D. this；learning 代词归纳 一、人称代词 1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。 人称与数 人称代词 主格 宾格 第一人称 单数 I me 复数 we us 第二人称 单数 you you 复数 you you 第三人称 单数 he him she her it it 复数 they them 1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。 1.I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物。) 2..Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) 3.Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) 4.That’s it.(就那么回事。) 5.It’s he!(是他！) 2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。 1.Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) 2.Help me!(救救我！) 3.We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信。) 3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如： —Who is it?(是谁？) —It’s I/me.(是我。) 4.三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如： 1.Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班。) 2.—Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？)—You and me.(你和我。) 5、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如： 1.—What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？) —It’s fine.(天气晴好。) 2.—What’s the time?(几点啦？) —It’s 12：00.(12点。) 3.It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路。) 4.It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间。) 5.It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空。) 6.We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的。) 随堂训练 1．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）My parents and I ________ interested in films. ________ often go to the cinema together. A．are; They B．am; We C．are; We D．am; They 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我和我的父母都对电影感兴趣。我们经常一起去看电影。 考查be动词和人称代词。are是，用于第二人称单数和所有人称复数；am是，用于第一人称单数；They他们；We我们。第一个空，根据“My parents and I”可知，主语是复数，所以be动词用are；第二个空，根据“My parents and I”可知，此处指的是“我们”，所以用We。故选C。 2．（2025·江苏南京·二模）—I sometimes feel blue on rainy days. —Why not try to wear orange, Simon? It might cheer ______ up. A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我有时在下雨天感到忧郁。——西蒙，为什么不试试穿橙色的衣服呢？这或许会让你高兴起来。 考查代词辨析。you你，人称代词主格或宾格；your你的，形容词性物主代词；yours你的，名词性物主代词；yourself你自己，反身代词。根据“It might cheer...up.”可知，空处缺少宾语，主语it指代“穿橙色衣服”，而宾语是Simon，主语和宾语不一致，所以不能使用反身代词，应用人称代词宾格you作宾语。故选A。 3．（2025·天津红桥·三模）I can look after ________, although it won’t be easy for ________. A．myself; me B．mine; me C．myself; my D．mine; my 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我能照顾自己，尽管这对我来说并不容易。 考查代词辨析。myself我自己，反身代词；me我，宾格形式；mine我的，名词性物主代词；my我的，形容词性物主代词。根据“I can look after...although it won’t be easy for...”可知，第一个空表示“照顾我自己”，需要用反身代词“myself”；第二个空“for”是介词，后面接人称代词的宾格形式“me”，表示“对我来说”。故选A。 4．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）—Yesterday was Father’s Day. What did you buy for your dad? —I made a card for ________, Mum. A．her B．him C．his D．himself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——昨天是父亲节。你给你爸爸买了什么？——我给他做了一张卡片，妈妈。 考查代词辨析。her她，宾格，指女性；him他，宾格，指男性；his他的，形容词性物主代词；himself他自己，反身代词。根据“What did you buy for your dad”可知，空格处需填入指代“爸爸”的代词，且作介词“for”的宾语，应用宾格形式的him。故选B。 5．（2025·北京大兴·二模）My friend John and I like reading, so ________ go to the library together every Sunday. A．I B．they C．we D．you 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的朋友约翰和我都喜欢看书，因此我们每周日一起去图书馆。 考查人称代词辨析。I我；they他们；we我们；you你；你们。根据“My friend John and I”可知，周日我们一起去图书馆。故选C。 二、物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示： 人称与数 物主代词 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 my mine 复数 our ours 第二人称 单数 your yours 复数 your yours 第三人称 单数 his his her hers its its 复数 their theirs 1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如： 1.Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) 2.I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨。) 3.They are their books.(是他们的书。) 2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如： 1.This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) 2.Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小。) 3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如： 1.A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了。) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。) 2.My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了。)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。) 随堂训练 1．（2025·甘肃武威·模拟预测）We should protect animals because they are friends of ________. A．yours B．theirs C．our D．ours 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们应该保护动物，因为它们是我们的朋友。 考查名词性物主代词。yours你的；theirs他们的；our我们的；ours我们的。根据“friends of”可知，空后无名词，空处用名词性物主代词；此处强调“动物是我们的朋友”，主语“We”对应“ours”。故选D。 2．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）—Jim, is this green towel yours? —No. _______ is blue. A．My B．Me C．I D．Mine 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——Jim，这个绿色的毛巾是你的吗？——不是，我的是蓝色的。 考查名词性物主代词。My我的，形容词性物主代词；Me我，宾格；I我，主格；Mine我的，名词性物主代词。根据“No. ...is blue”可知，答题空后无名词，需填名词性物主代词，指代“我的毛巾”。故选D。 3．（2025·云南昆明·三模）— Is this your digital watch? — No, it is not mine. It’s ________. A．he B．himself C．his D．He’s 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这是你的电子表吗？——不，它不是我的。它是他的。 考查代词用法。he他，主格；himself他自己；his他的，形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词；He’s他是。根据“No, it is not mine. It’s...”可知，空处指“它不是我的，它是他的”，需名词性物主代词his，相当于his digital watch。故选C。 4．（2025·江苏南京·三模）He served the swan next to one of ________ dishes. Everyone who saw the swan was amazed. A．he B．him C．his D．himself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他把天鹅作为一道菜呈上，摆在他的一道菜品旁。看到这只天鹅的众人都十分惊奇。 考查形容词性物主代词。he他（主格，作主语）；him他（宾格，作宾语）；his他的（形容词性物主代词，修饰名词）；himself他自己（反身代词）。dishes是名词，需用形容词性物主代词his修饰，表明所属关系。故选C。 5．（2025·北京海淀·三模）Mr. Smith teaches us English this term. We all like ________ classes very much. A．his B．him C．himself D．he 【答案】A 【详解】句意：史密斯先生这学期教我们英语。我们非常喜欢他的课。 考查代词辨析。his他的，形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词；him他，宾格；himself他自己；he他，人称代词主格。空格后classes是名词，需要用形容词性物主代词修饰。故选A。 三、指示代词 类别 指示代词及词义 例句 近指 单数 this 这个 This is my pen.这是我的钢笔。 复数 these这些 These are my books.这些是我的书。 远指 单数 that 那个 That is her bike.那是她的自行车。 复数 those 那些 Those are my sheep.那些是我的绵羊。 1.指示代词包括：this, that, these, those。 1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。 This is a pen and that is a pencil. // We are busy these days. // In those days the workers had a hard time. 2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。 I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come. // What I want to say is this; pronunciation is very important in learning English. 3. 在比较级中，有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou. Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. 4. this 在电话用语中代表自己（我），that 则代表对方（你）。 Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 随堂训练 1．（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测）—Look! ________ are the Terracotta Warriors (兵马俑), a great wonder of the world. —Amazing! A．This B．That C．These D．It 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 看！这些是兵马俑，世界一大奇迹。—— 太神奇了！ 考查指示代词的用法。This意为“这个”，指代单数；That意为“那个”，指代单数；These意为“这些”，指代复数；It 意为“它”，指代单数事物或前文提到的单个事物 。根据“the Terracotta Warriors”可知，是复数名词，此处需用指代复数的指示代词。故选C。 2．（2025·云南·模拟预测）Look! ________ elephants are drinking water near the river. A．This B．That C．These D．It 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看！这些大象正在河边喝水。 考查代词辨析。This这个；That那个；These这些；It它。根据“elephants”可知，修饰名词复数，应用these。故选C。 3．（2025·云南·模拟预测）—Which of ________ do you prefer, this pen or that one? —I like this one. It writes more smoothly. A．these B．that C．this D．those ones 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这支笔和那支笔，你更喜欢哪一支？——我喜欢这支。它书写起来更顺滑。 考查代词辨析。these这些；that那个；this这个；those ones那些。根据下文“this pen or that one?”可知，表示两者选其一，空处应用复数代词these，those ones表达重复。故选A。 4．（2025·安徽蚌埠·一模）Because of the cold weather, the students in Harbin have a longer winter holiday than ________ in Hefei. A．those B．ones C．these D．that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：由于寒冷的天气，哈尔滨的学生比合肥的学生寒假时间更长。 考查代词辨析。those那些，指代同类不同物，表特指，为复数形式；ones指代上文提到的同类事物中的一些，是泛指，不特指；these这些；that那个，指代同类不同物，表特指，为单数形式。根据“the students in Harbin have a longer winter holiday than ... in Hefei.”可知，比较的主体是两地的学生，同类不同物，空格处指代的是合肥特定的那些学生，因此应用those指代。故选A。 5．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）The students who do best in examinations are not always ________ with the best brains. A．one B．it C．those D．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：考试成绩最好的学生并不总是那些头脑最聪明的学生。 考查代词用法。one一个；it它；those那些；that那个。根据“The students who do best in examinations are not always...with the best brains”可知，此处指的是students，用those代指前面提到的人或物，故选C。 四、反身代词 英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加self，复数后加selves；不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。具体变化见下表： 人称与数 反身代词 第一人称 单数 myself 复数 ourselves 第二人称 单数 yourself 复数 yourselves 第三人称 单数 himself herself itself 复数 themselves 1、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。 Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的。) 2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如： The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好。) 3.反身代词的常见搭配。 enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快； hurt oneself 伤着自己； teach oneself=learn...by oneself 自学； (all) by oneself (完全)独立地； help oneself to请自便，随便吃……； look after oneself=take care of oneself自理，照顾自己； leave one by oneself 把……单独留下； lose oneself in 陶醉于，沉浸于； dress oneself 穿衣； make oneself at home不拘束，随便； wash oneself 洗澡。 随堂训练 1．（2025·云南丽江·一模）—How do you and your mother get along so well? —We trust each other and she lets me make decisions __________. A．herself B．ourselves C．myself D．himself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你和你妈妈怎么相处得这么好？——我们互相信任，她让我自己做决定。 考查反身代词的用法。herself她自己；ourselves我们自己；myself我自己；himself他自己。根据“she lets me make decisions…”可知，此处反身代词需与动作承受者“me”保持一致，表示决策由“我自己”完成。故选C。 2．（2025·安徽黄山·模拟预测）The kids made beautiful art pieces all by ________ in DIY class. Their parents were surprised by their creativity. A．myself B．themselves C．himself D．ourselves 【答案】B 【详解】句意：孩子们在DIY课上完全由自己制作了美丽的艺术品。 考查反身代词辨析。myself我自己；themselves他们自己；himself他自己；ourselves我们自己。主语“The kids”是第三人称复数，反身代词需与主语在人称和数上保持一致，表示“他们自己”。故选B。 3．（2025·全国·模拟预测）We should believe in ________ because that’s the secret of success. A．our B．us C．ours D．ourselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们应该相信我们自己，因为那是成功的秘诀。 考查代词辨析。our我们的，物主代词；us我们，人称代词；ours我们的，物主代词；ourselves我们自己，反身代词。根据“We should believe in...because that’s the secret of success.”可知，此处指“我们”相信“我们自己”就会成功，believe in oneself“相信自己”符合语境。故选D。 4．（2025·云南昆明·三模）I finished the math project all by ______ without anyone’s help. A．me B．my C．myself D．mine 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我独自完成了数学项目，没有任何人的帮助。 考查代词和介词短语。me我，是宾格；my我的，是形容词性物主代词；myself我自己，是反身代词；mine我的（东西），是名词性物主代词。by oneself“独自地”，因此用反身代词myself。故选C。 5．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）After several minutes’ thought, the small boy promised me to keep the secret to ______. A．me B．him C．myself D．himself 【答案】D 【详解】句意：经过几分钟的思考，小男孩向我承诺会保守这个秘密。 考查代词辨析。me我，宾格；him他，宾格；myself我自己；himself他自己。“keep the secret to oneself”为固定短语，表示“保守秘密”，其中反身代词需与主语保持一致。主语是“the small boy”，对应的反身代词为himself。故选D。 五、不定代词 (1)some和 any 的用法： some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如： some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如： any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。 any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何”。 1.I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做。) 2.They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿。) 3.Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？) 4.They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友。) 5.Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？) 6.Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。) (2)no和none的用法： no是形容词,只能作定语,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如： none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。 1.There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点。) 2.They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借。) 3.None of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里。) 4.I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的。) (3)all和both的用法： all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词，也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。 both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如： all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。 1.I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识。) 2.—Would you like this one or that one? —Both.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。) 3.All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(男孩们都调皮。) (4)every和each用法： every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念； each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前。 every和each都用作单数理解,但是在下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。 1.Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功。) 2.They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干。) (5)either和neither的用法： either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。 neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。 1.I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行) 2.--Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(——你坐公车去还是坐轿车去？——一个都不坐,我坐火车去。) (6)other、the other和another的用法： other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。 another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。 another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。 others与the others的主要区别：others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。 1.Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话。) 2.You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的还要一块？) 3.I want another four books.(我还要四本书) 4.This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？) 5.I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要一块。) 6.A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看) 7.Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。) (7)many和much的用法： many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。 many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too. 1.I don’t have many friends here.(在这里我没有很多的朋友。) 2.Many died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失) / 3.We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多) 4.They haven’t got much work to do.(他们没有多少事情可做) 5.There are too many people in the room.(房间里人太多了。) (8)few、little、a few、a little的用法： few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思, a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ； few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。 1.He is very poor and he has little money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。) 2.Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。) 3.In that polar region there live few people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人) 4.You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果) (9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。 somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中； anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。 修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。 1.Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.(嗨,丽丽,门外有人。) 2.Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(上个星期天你来学校时见到什么人了吗？) 3.He has nothing much to do today.(他今天没有多少事情做) (10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。 1.Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夹克,这件还是那件？ 2.I don’t like the green ones.(我不喜欢绿色的那些) (11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。 1.I don’t think so.(我认为不是这样的。) 2.He lost a book. So did I.(他丢失了一本书,我也是。) (12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别 五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多” a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。 1.A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。) 2.I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。) 3.I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写) 4.I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。) (13)none、no one、nobody的区别：no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。 1.No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的) 2.Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。) 3. None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。) 随堂训练 1．（2023·安徽蚌埠·二模）Sally’s really enjoying her new school for ________ there has been kind to her. A．someone B．anyone C．everyone D．no one 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Sally真的很喜欢她的新学校，因为那里的每个人都对她很友善。 考查不定代词辨析。someone某人；anyone任何人；everyone每个人；no one没有人。根据“Sally’s really enjoying her new school”可知，Sally喜欢新学校，因为那里的每个人都对她很友善，所以用everyone。故选C。 2．（2025·上海普陀·模拟预测）—When shall we meet, this Saturday or Sunday? —________ is OK. I’m free these days. A．Both B．Either C．All D．Neither 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们什么时候见面，这个周六还是周日？——这两天哪天都行。我这些天都有空。 考查代词辨析。Both两者都；Either两者中任意一个；All三者及以上都；Neither两者都不。根据“this Saturday or Sunday”可知是在两者之间选择，又根据“I’m free these days.”可知这两天哪天见面都可以，也就是两者中任意一个都行，所以应该用Either。故选B。 3．（2026·安徽亳州·一模）—Is there ________ in the chemistry lab now? —No, all the students have gone to the playground. A．anybody B．somebody C．everybody D．nobody 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——现在化学实验室里还有人吗？——不，所有学生都去操场了。 考查不定代词辨析。anybody任何人，常用于疑问句和否定句；somebody某人，常用于肯定句或表示建议请求的疑问句；everybody每个人；nobody没有人。根据答语“No”表示否定回答，且问句是疑问句，询问“是否有人”，应使用anybody。故选A。 4．（2025·云南昆明·三模）—Sarah, you’re wanted on the phone. It’s from Beijing. —You must be kidding. I don’t know ______ in Beijing. A．anybody B．somebody C．nobody D．everybody 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——莎拉，有你的电话，是从北京打来的。——你一定在开玩笑，我不认识任何在北京的人。 考查否定句中的不定代词用法。anybody任何人；somebody某人；nobody没有人；everybody每个人。在否定句中表示“任何人”需用anybody。故选A。 5．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—It’s really a pity that I missed getting a full mark in the English spelling bee. —Take it easy! You should remember that there is ________ perfect in the world. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——真遗憾，我没能在英语拼写比赛得满分。——别太在意！应该记住这世界上没有什么是完美的。 考查不定代词辨析。something某事，某物；anything任何事，任何东西；everything一切，所有事物；nothing没什么。根据“You should remember that there is...perfect in the world.”可知，此处表示世界上没有什么是完美的，需用否定含义的代词。故选D。 6．（2025·广东汕头·三模）I’m expecting to have a big house for long, but I can’t afford to buy ________. A．it B．one C．this D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我渴望拥有一栋大房子很久了，但我买不起一栋。 考查代词辨析。it它，指同名同物；one一个，指同名异物，表泛指；this这个，近指；that那个，远指。根据“I’m expecting to have a big house”可知，此处指买不起“一栋大房子”，为同名异物的泛指，one符合语境。故选B。 7．（2025·安徽滁州·三模）—Excuse me, where is the Xingguang Theater? —Go along this road to the end, and you’ll find ________ on your left. A．any B．one C．those D．it 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，星光剧院在哪里？  ——沿着这条路走到尽头，你会在左边找到它。 考查代词辨析。any任何，用于否定句或疑问句中；one一个，指同类不同物；those那些，指代复数名词；it它，指同类同物。根据问句“Excuse me, where is the Xingguang Theater?”可知，问句是询问“Xingguang Theater”在哪里，所以此处应用“it”指代“Xingguang Theater”，符合“同类同物”的特指关系。故选D。 8．（2025·吉林长春·三模）________ of Jim’s classmates like skating. They often play together in winter. A．Neither B．Either C．All D．None 【答案】C 【详解】句意：吉姆的所有同学都喜欢滑冰。他们经常在冬天一起玩。 考查普通不定代词。Neither两者都不；Either两者中任一个；All都，三者或三者以上；None三者或三者以上都不。根据“They often play together in winter.”可知，他们经常在冬天一起玩，所以此处表达“吉姆的所有同学都喜欢滑冰”，all“都”符合句意。故填C。 9．（2025·安徽亳州·三模）—To lose weight, Linda cleared out all the junk food from the fridge last week. —No wonder ________ of them is left. She is so strong-minded. A．each B．either C．neither D．none 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——为了减肥，琳达上周把冰箱里所有垃圾食品都清理掉了。——难怪一点（垃圾食品）都没剩下。她意志真坚定。 考查代词辨析。each每个，强调个体，常用于肯定句；either（两者中的）任何一个，常用于否定句或疑问句；neither（两者）都不；none（三者及以上）都不，可指代可数名词复数或不可数名词，用于否定语义。根据“Linda cleared out all the junk food”可知，琳达清理了所有垃圾食品，没有一点剩下。故选D。 10．（2025·安徽合肥·三模）—These spaceship models look so amazing! —You can pick ________ if you like. I have collected them for long. A．it B．one C．this D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这些宇宙飞船模型看起来太神奇了！——如果你喜欢，你可以挑一个。我收集它们很久了。 考查代词辨析。it特指上文提到的同一事物；one泛指同类事物中的任意一个；this指代近处的单个事物；that指代远处的单个事物。根据“These spaceship models look so amazing!”和“You can pick...if you like.”可知，此处指从这些模型中任意选一个，用one表示同类不同物。故选B。 六、疑问代词 用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中起名词词组的作用，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。常用的疑问代词有下列几个：指人用who, whom, whose；指物用what；既可指人又可指物用which。疑问代词的用法和区别如下： 疑问代词 意 义 功 能 例 句 who 谁 主语 Who will go with you? 表语 Who is the girl in red? 宾语（口语中，不能用于介词后） Who is your manager talking with? (宾语) whom 谁 宾语 Whom are you looking for? // To whom are you talking? whose 谁的 主语、表语、 宾语、定语 Which subject do you like best? (定语) // What’s your mother. (表语) What make you so happy?(主语) // Which woman is your mother?(定语) My bag is here. Whose bag is there? (定语) what 什么 which 哪个/些 What/ which what一般指不定数目中的“什么，哪一个/些”选择范围无限 What would you like to eat? What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？ which指一定数目中的“哪一个”，有一定的选择范围 Which do you like better, apples or bananas? Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？ 在一些固定的场合，what也可指一定数目中的“什么”，如四季、周、颜色等 What day of the week do you like best? What season do you like best? what who what询问人的职业 ---- What’s your mother? ---- She is a doctor. who询问人的关系、身份 ---- Who is the boy? ---- He is my brother. 随堂训练 1．（2026·安徽亳州·一模）—________ notebook is this on the chair? —It must be Kelly’s. Her name is on the cover. A．Whose B．Who C．Whom D．Which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——椅子上这是谁的笔记本？——它一定是凯莉的。封面上有她的名字。 考查特殊疑问词辨析。Whose谁的；Who谁；Whom谁（宾格）；Which哪一个。根据答语“It must be Kelly’s. Her name is on the cover.”可知，此处是在询问笔记本是谁的，所以应该用Whose。故选A。 2．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）— ________ is this basketball? — Perhaps it’s our English teacher’s. He likes sports. A．Whose B．Where C．How D．Which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个篮球是谁的？——也许是我们英语老师的。他喜欢运动。 考查特殊疑问句。whose谁的；where在哪里；how怎样；which哪一个。根据“our English teacher’s”可知，此处询问篮球是谁的，故选A。 3．（2023·上海徐汇·一模）“The umbrella is in the corner of the room for weeks. ________ is it?” asked the monitor. A．Who B．Which C．What D．Whose 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“雨伞在房间角落里放了好几个星期。它是谁的？” 班长问。 考查疑问代词词义辨析。Who谁；Which哪一个；What什么；Whose谁的。根据“The umbrella is in the corner of the room for weeks.”可知，雨伞在房间角落里放了很长时间。根据“asked the monitor”可知，班长在问问题，所以问句是在问雨伞属于谁。选项D符合语境。故选D。 七、it的用法 在初中英语学习中，我们经常会见到it，但是很多学生对it的用法掌握不牢，出现了很多错误。现将it 的用法做个简单小结，帮助同学们正确理解和运用。 1. it 可用作人称代词，在句中可以做主语，也可以做宾语等。它可以指人，物或事。 ⑴ it 指人时表示：说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用；指说话者心目中的那个人。如： ⑵ it 指事物时，可指代有生命的东西（包括动物），也可指无生命的东西。注意 it指物时，表示同类同物。如： 1.--- Who is knocking at the door? ---- It’s me. 2.---- Who is that speaking? ---- It’s me. 3.---- Who is the man? ---- It is my father. 4.Who taught you maths last term? Was it Mrs. Wang? 5.This is my dog. It is very lovely. 6.I lost my pen. I didn’t find it. 7.What is that? It is a boat. 8.Don’t play football in the street. It is very dangerous. 2. it 可以指代时间，天气，距离，气候，季节，长度，重量等。 1.---- What time is it? ---- It is 11:20. 2.----What’s the weather like today? ---- It is windy. 3.How long is it from the school to your home? 3. it可代替动词不定式/动名词，在句中做形式主语。动词不定式/动名词作主语时，主语太长，显得头重脚轻，为了避免这种现象，用it 代替动词不定式/动名词作主语，真正的主语不定式/动名词放到句后。如： 1.To learn a foreign language is not easy.可写成 It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 2.Getting everything ready in time was very difficult.可写成 It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. 4. it 可以做形式宾语，在少数动词后可以代替动词不定式/动名词做宾语(后面跟有宾语补足语)。像 find, think, believe, make, feel等。常用在“主语+v.+it+宾补（adj./n）+不定式/动名词”结构。如： 1.I find it difficult to learn English. 2.He thinks it easy to work out this maths problem. 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）Bill thought _________ necessary to work with friends and share different ideas. A．this B．that C．it is D．it 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Bill认为与朋友合作并分享不同的想法是必要的。 考查it作形式宾语。this这个；that那个；it is它是；it它。在英语中，动词如think, find, consider等后接形容词加不定式时，常用it作形式宾语，避免头重脚轻。此处需填入it作形式宾语，指代后面的不定式短语“to work with friends and share different ideas”。故选D。 2．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）Online courses make ______ much easier for people to learn about the world at home. A．it B．one C．this D．that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在线课程使人们在家了解世界变得容易得多。 考查it作形式宾语。it它；one一；this这个；that那个。make it+adj.+for sb. to do sth.“使某人做某事变得……”，是固定搭配，it在此处作形式宾语，不定式“to learn about the world at home”是真正的宾语。故选A。 3．（2025·全国·模拟预测）Online short video apps make ________ easier to do some shopping at home. A．it B．one C．this D．that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在线短视频应用让在家购物变得更容易。 考查代词辨析。it它，指代同名同物；one一个，用于指代同类不同物的单数名词；this这个，用于指代近距离事物；that那个，用于指代远距离事物。根据“make...easier to do some shopping”可知，本句符合“make it+形容词+ to do”结构，需用it作形式宾语。故选A。 4．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）Did you find ________ very interesting to play Yo-Yo? A．this B．them C．that D．it 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你发现玩溜溜球很有趣吗？ 考查it作形式宾语。分析句子可知，“it”用作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的“to play Yo-Yo”。“find it+形容词+to do sth”是一个常见结构，表示“发现做某事是……的”，用“it”来代替后面的不定式，使句子结构更平衡。故选D。 5．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）Summer is coming. It’s dangerous for us ________ in the rivers or lakes. A．swim B．swam C．to swim D．swimming 【答案】C 【详解】句意：夏天即将来临。在河里或湖里游泳对我们来说是危险的。 考查非谓语动词。根据“It’s dangerous for us”可知，此处考查固定句型it is+adj.+for sb to do sth“做某事对某人来说是……”，空处应填不定式作真正的主语。故选C。 综合训练 一．单句语法填空 1．（25-26九年级上·甘肃平凉·月考）Kunming, the capital of Yunnan, is known for (it) comfortable weather. 【答案】its 【详解】句意：云南省会昆明以其舒适的天气而闻名。空格后的“comfortable weather”是名词短语，所以空格处应填it的形容词性物主代词its“它的”，用于修饰名词短语。故填its。 2．（2025·全国·模拟预测）—Will Nancy take part in the English speech competition tomorrow? —Sure. She sees it as a chance to prove (she). 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：——南希明天会参加英语演讲比赛吗？——当然。她把这视为一个证明“她自己”的机会。根据“She sees it as a chance to prove”可知，此处需要填写反身代词，表示“她自己”，且主语She是第三人称单数，指代女性，对应的反身代词是herself。故填herself。 3．（2025·甘肃平凉·二模）We should learn to solve problems by (our). 【答案】ourselves 【详解】句意：我们应该学会自己解决问题。根据“We should learn to solve problems by...”以及备选词汇our可知，此处考查反身代词的用法，by oneself 表示“独自；靠自己”，our对应的反身代词是ourselves。因此应将our变为ourselves。故填ourselves。 4．（2025·云南昆明·三模）Huang Xuhua, the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarine (核潜艇)”, gave whole life to our country. (he) 【答案】his 【详解】句意：黄旭华——中国核潜艇之父，把一生都奉献给了我们的国家。whole life为名词，前面用形容词性物主代词修饰，he的形容词性物主代词形式为his。故填his。 5．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）When you meet difficulties, don’t keep them to , children! (you) 【答案】yourselves 【详解】句意：孩子们，当你们遇到困难时，不要独自承担！keep...to oneself“独自承担”，根据“children”可知，此处指“你们自己”，用反身代词yourselves。故填yourselves。 6．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Sometimes what others say can make us doubt . (we) 【答案】ourselves 【详解】句意：有时别人的话会让我们怀疑自己。根据句子结构，“doubt”后接宾语，指“我们自己”，应使用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。 7．（2025·云南昆明·三模）We enjoyed greatly at the new amusement park. (we) 【答案】ourselves 【详解】句意：我们在新的游乐园玩得非常开心。enjoy oneself是固定短语，意为“玩得开心，过得愉快”，句子主语是We，对应的反身代词是ourselves，此处指我们在游乐园玩得非常开心。故填ourselves。 8．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Mary taught to sing this English song. How clever! (she) 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：玛丽自学唱这首英文歌。太聪明了！根据“Mary taught...to sing this English song. How clever!”可知，句中“teach sb. to do sth.”表示“教某人做某事”。“How clever!”表明Mary很聪明，应该是“自己教自己”唱这首歌，此处需用反身代词强调“她自己”，“she”对应的反身代词是“herself”，表示动作的对象是主语自身。故填herself。 9．（2025·全国·二模）She promises to take care of (she) when she studies abroad alone. 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：她答应独自出国留学时照顾好自己。根据“She promises to take care of...when she studies abroad alone”可知，这里指照顾好自己，所以此处应用she的反身代词herself，故填herself。 10．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）We all know that helping others is helping (we). 【答案】ourselves 【详解】句意：我们都知道帮助别人就是帮助自己。根据“ helping others is helping...”及所给词可知，此处指“帮助他人就是帮助我们自己”，应填we的反身代词ourselves表示“我们自己”。故填ourselves。 二．完成句子 1．（2012·江苏盐城·一模）我认为这张桌子没有什么特别的地方. I there is about the desk. 【答案】 don’t think anything special 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“不认为”和“任何特别之处”。汉语“我认为没有……”在英语中常用“I don‘t think there is…”结构表达，即否定转移，否定转移到主句谓语think上。第二空，在否定句或疑问句中，表示“某事物”用anything，其后常接形容词修饰，形容词需后置，即anything special“任何特别的东西/特别之处”。故填don’t think；anything special。 2．（25-26九年级上·甘肃平凉·月考）据说那位著名的作家正在写一本新小说。 that the famous writer is working on a new novel. 【答案】 It’s said 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处使用固定句型“It’s said that...”，意为“据说……”。故填It’s；said。 3．（2025·贵州·模拟预测）端午节是中国传统节日之一，有着2000多年的历史。 The Dragon Boat Festival is the traditional Chinese festivals with a history of more than 2, 000 years. 【答案】 one of 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，“one of + the + 复数名词”表示 “……之一”，是固定结构。故填one；of。 4．（2025·广东广州·二模）对学生们来说，学习不同国家的文化是很有趣的。 students to learn about different cultures from different countries. 【答案】 It is interesting for 【详解】对照中英文可知缺少“对……来说是有趣的”，分析句子结构应是“It is adj for sb to do sth”结构，“有趣的”interesting，故填It；is；interesting；for。 5．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）人们相信未来科技会改变我们的生活。 It’s technology can change our lives. 【答案】 believed that 【详解】根据中英文句子对比可知，英文句子需要表达“人们相信”这一含义，对应常用句型It’s believed that...，其中it作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正主语，表示“被相信……”。 故填believed；that。 6．（2025·广东广州·三模）人们花了上千年的时间来延续这项传统民俗。 people over one thousand years this traditional custom alive. 【答案】 It took to keep 【详解】空格处需填入一个表示“花费时间”的动词短语。It takes sb. time to do sth. 是固定句型，表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”，主语it为形式主语；根据句中“over one thousand years”可知，动作发生在过去，故动词需用过去式took；根据句型“It takes…to do…”固定搭配，可知此处需用不定式to do表目的，keep的固定搭配为keep sth alive（使……保持延续），to后跟动词原形keep。故填It；took；to；keep。 7．（2025·贵州黔东南·二模）老师经常告诫我们，让别人等待是不礼貌的。 The teacher often tells us to keep others waiting for you. 【答案】 it’s impolite 【详解】此处是结构it’s adj. to do sth.“做某事是……的”，it是形式主语，不礼貌的：impolite。故填it’s；impolite。 8．（2025·广东广州·二模）我们全家一起在书中搜寻旧式粤菜，然后研究如何做这些名菜。 My whole family searched for old Cantonese dishes in the book and then studied . 【答案】 how to make them 【详解】how“如何”，make“制作”，此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构，them“它们”，指代前文提到的“old Cantonese dishes”。故填how；to；make；them。 9．（2025·甘肃平凉·三模）假期一开始，我们就去某个有趣的地方。 As soon as the vacation starts, we go . 【答案】 somewhere interesting 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“某个有趣的地方”，“某个地方”用不定副词somewhere，“有趣的”用形容词interesting；形容词修饰不定副词时需后置，故填somewhere；interesting。 10．（2025·广东广州·二模）“亡羊补牢”这个成语告诉我们什么时候采取行动都不晚。 The idiom “Wang Yang Bu Lao” tells us never too late take action. 【答案】 it is to 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，此处考查固定句型“It is never too late to do sth.”，表示“做某事永远不晚”。“告诉我们”后接宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，“做某事”用动词不定式“to take action”作真正的主语。故填it；is；to。 二．用所给词的正确形式填空 1. Last Children's Day, we were _____________(luck) to have a meaningful party in the classroom. Our head teacher wished us good _____________(luck). _____________(luck), I won many games and got lots of gifts. But _____________(luck), my best friend got nothing. 2. Many _____________(clean) still work on the streets on the eve of the Spring Festival. That's because they want to make the streets _____________(clean) to welcome the Spring Festival. 3. Look! They _____________(celebrate) Teachers' Day. Their teachers think the _____________(celebrate) will be unforgettable forever. 4. My son always makes a _____________(beautiful) card and sing _____________(beautiful) for me on Mother's Day. 5. The Mid-Autumn Festival is a _____________(tradition) festival in China. Do you want to know about its _____________(tradition)? 【答案】 1. lucky, luck, Luckily, unluckily2. cleaners, clean3. are celebrating, celebration4. beautiful, beautifully 5. traditional, traditions 四．语法填空 （2024·广东深圳·中考真题）Ole is a student from Norway at East China Normal School. He first visited China in 2016, and since then, he 1 (develop) a deep interest in traditional Chinese culture. Recently, he and his team won the Shanghai International Students Dragon Boat Race. It was the team’s 2 (six) win in a row and his second time winning the first prize. “I 3 (introduce) to the dragon boat racing in the spring of 2023. My teacher noticed my strong arms and encouraged me 4 (try) it,” said Ole. When he was asked the secret of his success, he replied, “There is no ‘I’, 5 only ‘we’. My teammates are international students coming 6 different countries. Before we became the champions, we practiced rowing three times a week, trying to match the strokes with drumbeat. At first, we weren’t very good. We did not know 7 the problem lay. However, with continuous effort, we learned that teamwork is the key. Although we are culturally different, we are one team in the race. Before each race, the team would stand in 8 circle and cheer loudly. “Taking part in this sport, we realized the 9 (important) of cooperation. We trained hard, each stroke bringing us a closer to understanding the tradition of Dragon Boat Festival,” said Ole 10 (proud). 【答案】 1．has developed 2．sixth 3．was introduced 4．to try 5．but 6．from 7．where 8．a 9．importance 0．proudly 【导语】本文主要讲述了留学生Ole参加中国的龙舟赛的经历。 1．句意：他于2016年首次来到中国，从那时起，他就对中国的传统文化产生了浓厚的兴趣。根据“since then”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语为he，助动词用has。故填has developed。 2．句意：这是该队连续第六次获胜，也是他第二次获得冠军。根据“the team’s…win in a row”可知，此处应用序数词表示顺序。故填sixth。 3．句意：2023年春天，我开始接触龙舟比赛。根据“in the spring of 2023”可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语I与动词introduce存在被动关系，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词应用was。故填was introduced。 4．句意：我的老师注意到我结实的双臂，鼓励我去尝试它。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to try。 5．句意：没有“我”，只有“我们”。空格前后存在转折关系，根据“no”可知用“no…but…”表示“不是……而是……”，因此用but连接。故填but。 6．句意：我的队员们都是来自不同国家的国际学生。come from“来自”。故填from。 7．句意：我们不知道问题在哪里。know后接宾语从句，从句中主谓为the problem lay，缺少地点状语，因此用where引导该宾语从句。故填where。 8．句意：每次比赛前，整个团队会站成一个圆圈，大声地鼓劲。结合语境可知，此处表示泛指，circle为单数名词，且为辅音音素开头的单词，其前用不定冠词a表泛指。故填a。 9．句意：参加这项运动，我们意识到了合作的重要性。定冠词the后接名词。故填importance。 10．句意：Ole骄傲地说道：“参加这项运动，我们意识到了合作的重要性。我们刻苦训练，每一次划桨都让我们更加了解端午节的传统。”此处应用副词proudly修饰动词said。故填proudly。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 代词考点、代词归纳 代词考点 考点1.辨析 somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody 相同点：做主语时谓语动词用单数；形容词修饰这些词要后置。 somebody=someone 某人，用于肯定句中或征询意见的疑问句中 anybody=anyone 任何人，用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中 nobody=no one 没有人，无人，本身为否定含义 everybody=everyone 每人，人人，不能用来指物 I can hear somebody moving about upstairs.我能听到楼上有人走动。 I didn’t see anybody there.我在那儿没有看见任何人。 I’ve called but nobody answered.我打电话了，但是没有人接。 Is everyone here today？今天大家到齐了吗？ The most beautiful thing about learning is that ______ can take it away from you. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody 考点2.somewhere different的用法 用法分析 somewhere different意为“某个不同的地方”，somewhere为副词，意为“在某处；到某处”，通常用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑问句中要用anywhere，形容词修饰somewhere, anywhere, nowhere时，形容词应置于其后。somewhere表示地点时，其前不需加介词。 我想去有趣的地方和家人一起放松。I want to go somewhere interesting to relax with my family. Did you go last summer holiday？ —Yes. I went to Shanghai Disneyland A. somewhere special B. anywhere special C. special somewhere D. special anywhere 考点3.辨析 each，every each 用于两者或两者以上，个别意义较重，表示各个不同，强调个人或个别。 可接of短语，every则不可；each还可做定语、状语，修饰单数名词。 every 表示数目不确定的许多人或物中间的“每一个”，表示“全体”意义，用于三者或三者以上。 every还可用于数词前，each则不能，如every five minutes（每5分钟）。 Each of his children goes to different schools.他的每个孩子都在不同的学校里读书。 Every child must finish their homework on time.每个孩子必须按时完成作业。 Each of us ______ a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future. A. has B. have C. will have D. had 考点4.辨析nobody, none nobody 只能指人，表示泛指“没有人”，做主语时，谓语动词只能用单数，等同于no one，不强调数量，可用来回答由who提问的问句。 I went to see my parents, but nobody was in the house. 我去看望我的父母，但是家里一个人也没有。 none 既可指人又可指物，意为“没有任何人或物，一个也没有，”后可跟of，做主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。强调数量，可用来回答由how many/ how much提问的问句。 —How many animals can you see in the picture? 在这幅画里你能看到多少动物？ —None. 一个也看不到。 —Two tickets for Sunday, please! —Sorry. There is left. A. nothing B. none C. some D. anything 考点5.a number of的用法 用法分析 a number of与many用法相同，其后接可数名词复数形式。number前还可用large，small，great等词修饰。 书架上有许多书。There are a number of books on the shelves. 要点辨析 a number of，the number of a number of 许多，后接可数名词复数。做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 the number of ……的数量，后接可数名词复数。做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 A number of students in our school come from Shandong.我们学校的很多学生来自山东。 谓语动词用复数形式 The number of the students in our school is 4,000.我们学校有4000名学生。 谓语动词用单数形式 Nowadays, ______ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about ______ of them are adults. A. the number of；four-fifths B. a number of；four-fifth C. a number of；four-fifths D. the number of；four -five 考点6.辨析 much too, too much, too many, so many, so much much too 太 关键词为too，修饰形容词/副词 This dish is much too salty. 这道菜太咸了。 too much 太多 （的） 关键词为much，修饰不可数名词/动词 Today I have too much homework to do.今天我有太多的家庭作业要做。 Don’t speak too much at the meeting.会上别讲得太多。 too many 太多的 关键词为many，修饰复数名词 I have too many questions to ask. 我有太多的问题要问。 so many 如此多 关键词为many，修饰复数名词 There are so many cars in the street here.这儿的大街上有如此多的车。 so much 如此多 关键词为much，修饰不可数名词 There was so much food that we couldn’t eat it all.食物太多了，我们吃不完。 My cousin is ______ heavy because he often eats ______ fast food. A. too much; too many B. too many; too much C. much too; too much D. too much; much too 考点7.辨析 little，a little，few，a few 修饰不可数名词 little “几乎没有”，表示否定的概念。 There is little milk in the bottle.瓶子里几乎没有牛奶了。 a little “有一些；有一点”，表示肯定的意义。 I know a little English.我知道点英语 修饰可数名词 few “几乎没有”，表示否定的概念。 I feel lonely, because I have few friends.我感到很孤独，因为我几乎没有朋友 a few “有一些；有几个”，表示肯定的意义。 Today I eat a few apples.今天我吃了几个苹果。 中考特殊考点 在反意疑问句中，陈述部分有few，little，no，nothing，nobody，never，seldom，hardly等表示否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。 1.-Would you like to have some tea？ -No, thanks. There is ______ in my cup. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 考点8. one…the other…的用法 用法分析 one...the other..表示“一个……另一个……” 我有两个姐姐。一个是教师，另一个是工人。I have two sisters. One is a teacher and the other is a worker. 要点拓展 “other”的不同意义 one...the other 一个……另一个 another （三者或三者以上）的“另一个” some...others 一些……，另一些（并非全部）…… some...the others 一些……，另一些（剩下的全部） each other 互相，彼此 I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.我有两支钢笔。一支红的，另一支蓝的。 Would you like another apple？你想再吃一个苹果吗？ Look！Some are taking photos. Others are lying on the beach.看！一些人在照相，还有些人躺 在沙滩上。（还有做其他的事情的人） There are twenty pencils in my box. Five pencils are yours, the others are mine.在我的盒子里有20支铅笔。5支是你的，其余的都是我的。 We should learn from each other.我们应该互相学习。 注意 “another +基数词+复数名词”表示“再……；又……；另处……”，想当于“基数词+more+复数名词”。（中考常考点） I need another two desks. =I need two more desks.我还需要两张桌子。 -I like the coat but not the color. Have you got ______ one？ -Yes, I’ll show you. A. other B. others C. the other D. another 考点9.辨析one, it, that one 替代可数名词单数，表示泛指，代替前面提到的同类人或物中的一个，但不能替代前面的整个句子，表同类异物；one可以单独使用，前面也可有“冠词+形容词”或this, that, which等修饰；one的复数形式为ones it 即可替代可数名词单数，也可替代不可数名词，特指前文提到过的同一事物，表同类同物 that 替代可数名词单数或不可数名词，特指上文提到过的某类事物，也可替代前面的整句话；有时为了避免重复，that可以和do连用来代替上文提到的动作，而one和it则没有这种用法 这些是我的书。你想看哪一本？Here are my books. Which one do you want to read? 你喜欢这个游戏吗？—Do you like the game? 是的，我喜欢。—Yes, I like it. 中国的人口比美国的人口多得多。 The population of China is much larger than that of America. 中考链接 —Nick, lost my pen and I couldn't find anywhere. —There are many pens in that box. Just take ______. A. it; it B. it; one C. one; it D. one; one 考点10辨析 both...and…，neither...nor...，not only…but also…，either...or... both...and..... ……和……两者都 连接两个并列成分做主语，谓语用复数 Both New York and London have traffic problems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。 neither...nor... 既不……也不……； 两者都不 连接两个并列成分做主语时，谓语采用“就近原则” Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。 not only...but also... 不但……而且 Not only you but（also）he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了 either....or... 或者……或者…… Either you or I am right.要么你要么我是对的。 A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it ______ helps with students’ health, ______ improves their social skills. A. either；or B. neither；nor C. not only；but also 考点11. one of..的用法 用法分析 one of..后接复数名词或代词，意为“……之一”，做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 我最喜欢的运动之一是足球。One of my favorite sports is soccer. 要点拓展 “one of the +形容词最高级十复数名词”意为“最……之一” Changjiang is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 Do you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world？你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？ The Nile is one of the ______ rivers in the world. A. long B. longer C. longest D. most longest 考点12. it做形式宾语的用法 句子结构分析 “find it+形容调+比to do sth.”，意为“发现做某事……”，find后接复合宾语，其中it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语，形容词在句中做宾语补足语。 Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English？ 主语 谓语 形式宾语 宾语补足语 真正的宾语 I find it very interesting to learn French.我发现学法语很有趣。 Chinese people find it our duty to help develop African countries along the Belt and Road.中国人发现帮助“一带一路”沿线的非洲国家发展是我们的责任。 要点拓展 “find it + be + adj.（+for sb.）+to do sth.”为“find十宾语从句”结构，其中it在宾语从句中做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，形容词在宾语从句中做表语。 We find it is boring to watch the movie.我们发现看那场电影很无聊。 主句 宾语从句 We find ______ impossible for us _____ a foreign language well in a short time. A. one；learn B. it；to learn C. that；to learn D. this；learning 代词归纳 一、人称代词 1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。 人称与数 人称代词 主格 宾格 第一人称 单数 I 复数 we 第二人称 单数 you 复数 you 第三人称 单数 he she it 复数 they 1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。 1.I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物。) 2..Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) 3.Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) 4.That’s it.(就那么回事。) 5.It’s he!(是他！) 2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。 1.Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) 2.Help me!(救救我！) 3.We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信。) 3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如： —Who is it?(是谁？) —It’s I/me.(是我。) 4.三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如： 1.Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班。) 2.—Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？)—You and me.(你和我。) 5、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如： 1.—What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？) —It’s fine.(天气晴好。) 2.—What’s the time?(几点啦？) —It’s 12：00.(12点。) 3.It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路。) 4.It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间。) 5.It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空。) 6.We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的。) 随堂训练 1．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）My parents and I ________ interested in films. ________ often go to the cinema together. A．are; They B．am; We C．are; We D．am; They 2．（2025·江苏南京·二模）—I sometimes feel blue on rainy days. —Why not try to wear orange, Simon? It might cheer ______ up. A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself 3．（2025·天津红桥·三模）I can look after ________, although it won’t be easy for ________. A．myself; me B．mine; me C．myself; my D．mine; my 4．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）—Yesterday was Father’s Day. What did you buy for your dad? —I made a card for ________, Mum. A．her B．him C．his D．himself 5．（2025·北京大兴·二模）My friend John and I like reading, so ________ go to the library together every Sunday. A．I B．they C．we D．you 二、物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示： 人称与数 物主代词 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 复数 第二人称 单数 复数 第三人称 单数 复数 1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如： 1.Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) 2.I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨。) 3.They are their books.(是他们的书。) 2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如： 1.This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) 2.Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小。) 3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如： 1.A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了。) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。) 2.My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了。)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。) 随堂训练 1．（2025·甘肃武威·模拟预测）We should protect animals because they are friends of ________. A．yours B．theirs C．our D．ours 2．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）—Jim, is this green towel yours? —No. _______ is blue. A．My B．Me C．I D．Mine 3．（2025·云南昆明·三模）— Is this your digital watch? — No, it is not mine. It’s ________. A．he B．himself C．his D．He’s 4．（2025·江苏南京·三模）He served the swan next to one of ________ dishes. Everyone who saw the swan was amazed. A．he B．him C．his D．himself 5．（2025·北京海淀·三模）Mr. Smith teaches us English this term. We all like ________ classes very much. A．his B．him C．himself D．he 三、指示代词 类别 指示代词及词义 例句 近指 单数 this 这个 This is my pen.这是我的钢笔。 复数 these这些 These are my books.这些是我的书。 远指 单数 that 那个 That is her bike.那是她的自行车。 复数 those 那些 Those are my sheep.那些是我的绵羊。 1.指示代词包括：this, that, these, those。 1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。 This is a pen and that is a pencil. // We are busy these days. // In those days the workers had a hard time. 2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。 I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come. // What I want to say is this; pronunciation is very important in learning English. 3. 在比较级中，有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou. Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. 4. this 在电话用语中代表自己（我），that 则代表对方（你）。 Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 随堂训练 1．（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测）—Look! ________ are the Terracotta Warriors (兵马俑), a great wonder of the world. —Amazing! A．This B．That C．These D．It 2．（2025·云南·模拟预测）Look! ________ elephants are drinking water near the river. A．This B．That C．These D．It 3．（2025·云南·模拟预测）—Which of ________ do you prefer, this pen or that one? —I like this one. It writes more smoothly. A．these B．that C．this D．those ones 4．（2025·安徽蚌埠·一模）Because of the cold weather, the students in Harbin have a longer winter holiday than ________ in Hefei. A．those B．ones C．these D．that 5．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）The students who do best in examinations are not always ________ with the best brains. A．one B．it C．those D．that 四、反身代词 英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加self，复数后加selves；不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。具体变化见下表： 人称与数 反身代词 第一人称 单数 复数 第二人称 单数 复数 第三人称 单数 复数 1、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。 Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的。) 2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如： The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好。) 3.反身代词的常见搭配。 enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快； hurt oneself 伤着自己； teach oneself=learn...by oneself 自学； (all) by oneself (完全)独立地； help oneself to请自便，随便吃……； look after oneself=take care of oneself自理，照顾自己； leave one by oneself 把……单独留下； lose oneself in 陶醉于，沉浸于； dress oneself 穿衣； make oneself at home不拘束，随便； wash oneself 洗澡。 随堂训练 1．（2025·云南丽江·一模）—How do you and your mother get along so well? —We trust each other and she lets me make decisions __________. A．herself B．ourselves C．myself D．himself 2．（2025·安徽黄山·模拟预测）The kids made beautiful art pieces all by ________ in DIY class. Their parents were surprised by their creativity. A．myself B．themselves C．himself D．ourselves 3．（2025·全国·模拟预测）We should believe in ________ because that’s the secret of success. A．our B．us C．ours D．ourselves 4．（2025·云南昆明·三模）I finished the math project all by ______ without anyone’s help. A．me B．my C．myself D．mine 5．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）After several minutes’ thought, the small boy promised me to keep the secret to ______. A．me B．him C．myself D．himself 五、不定代词 (1)some和 any 的用法： some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如： some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如： any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。 any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何”。 1.I have work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做。) 2.They will go there day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿。) 3.Would you like coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？) 4.They didn’t have friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友。) 5.Have you got questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？) 6.Come here with friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。) (2)no和none的用法： no是形容词,只能作定语,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如： none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。 1.There is time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点。) 2.They had reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借。) 3. of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里。) 4.I have many books, but is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的。) (3)all和both的用法： all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词，也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。 both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如： all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。 1.I know of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识。) 2.—Would you like this one or that one? — .(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。) 3. (of) (the) boys are naughty.(男孩们都调皮。) (4)every和each用法： every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念； each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前。 every和each都用作单数理解,但是在下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。 1. one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功。) 2.They are very busy. of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干。) (5)either和neither的用法： either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。 neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。 1.I don’t care much for what to drink. of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行) 2.--Will you go there by bus or by car –Neither. I will go there by train.(——你坐公车去还是坐轿车去？——一个都不坐,我坐火车去。) (6)other、the other和another的用法： other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。 another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。 another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。 others与the others的主要区别：others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。 1.Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话。) 2.You have had several cakes. Do you really want one?(你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的还要一块？) 3.I want four books.(我还要四本书) 4.This is one of your socks. Where is one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？) 5.I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want .(我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要一块。) 6.A few students are playing soccer while are watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看) 7.Two of the ten boys are standing and are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。) (7)many和much的用法： many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。 many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too. 1.I don’t have friends here.(在这里我没有很多的朋友。) 2. died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失) / 3.We can learn with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多) 4.They haven’t got work to do.(他们没有多少事情可做) 5.There are too people in the room.(房间里人太多了。) (8)few、little、a few、a little的用法： few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思, a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ； few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。 1.He is very poor and he has money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。) 2.Don’t worry. There is still time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。) 3.In that polar region there live people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人) 4.You can get sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果) (9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。 somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中； anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。 修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。 1.Hey,Lily. There is outside the door.(嗨,丽丽,门外有人。) 2.Did you meet when you came to school last Sunday?(上个星期天你来学校时见到什么人了吗？) 3.He has to do today.(他今天没有多少事情做) (10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。 1.Which jacket would you like, this or that ?(你要哪件夹克,这件还是那件？ 2.I don’t like the green .(我不喜欢绿色的那些) (11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。 1.I don’t think .(我认为不是这样的。) 2.He lost a book. did I.(他丢失了一本书,我也是。) (12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别 五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多” a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。 1.A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。) 2.I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。) 3.I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写) 4.I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。) (13)none、no one、nobody的区别：no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。 1.No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的) 2.Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。) 3. None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。) 随堂训练 1．（2023·安徽蚌埠·二模）Sally’s really enjoying her new school for ________ there has been kind to her. A．someone B．anyone C．everyone D．no one 2．（2025·上海普陀·模拟预测）—When shall we meet, this Saturday or Sunday? —________ is OK. I’m free these days. A．Both B．Either C．All D．Neither 3．（2026·安徽亳州·一模）—Is there ________ in the chemistry lab now? —No, all the students have gone to the playground. A．anybody B．somebody C．everybody D．nobody 4．（2025·云南昆明·三模）—Sarah, you’re wanted on the phone. It’s from Beijing. —You must be kidding. I don’t know ______ in Beijing. A．anybody B．somebody C．nobody D．everybody 5．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—It’s really a pity that I missed getting a full mark in the English spelling bee. —Take it easy! You should remember that there is ________ perfect in the world. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 6．（2025·广东汕头·三模）I’m expecting to have a big house for long, but I can’t afford to buy ________. A．it B．one C．this D．that 7．（2025·安徽滁州·三模）—Excuse me, where is the Xingguang Theater? —Go along this road to the end, and you’ll find ________ on your left. A．any B．one C．those D．it 8．（2025·吉林长春·三模）________ of Jim’s classmates like skating. They often play together in winter. A．Neither B．Either C．All D．None 9．（2025·安徽亳州·三模）—To lose weight, Linda cleared out all the junk food from the fridge last week. —No wonder ________ of them is left. She is so strong-minded. A．each B．either C．neither D．none 10．（2025·安徽合肥·三模）—These spaceship models look so amazing! —You can pick ________ if you like. I have collected them for long. A．it B．one C．this D．that 六、疑问代词 用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中起名词词组的作用，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。常用的疑问代词有下列几个：指人用who, whom, whose；指物用what；既可指人又可指物用which。疑问代词的用法和区别如下： 疑问代词 意 义 功 能 例 句 who 谁 主语 Who will go with you? 表语 Who is the girl in red? 宾语（口语中，不能用于介词后） Who is your manager talking with? (宾语) whom 谁 宾语 Whom are you looking for? // To whom are you talking? whose 谁的 主语、表语、 宾语、定语 Which subject do you like best? (定语) // What’s your mother. (表语) What make you so happy?(主语) // Which woman is your mother?(定语) My bag is here. Whose bag is there? (定语) what 什么 which 哪个/些 What/ which what一般指不定数目中的“什么，哪一个/些”选择范围无限 What would you like to eat? What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？ which指一定数目中的“哪一个”，有一定的选择范围 Which do you like better, apples or bananas? Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？ 在一些固定的场合，what也可指一定数目中的“什么”，如四季、周、颜色等 What day of the week do you like best? What season do you like best? what who what询问人的职业 ---- What’s your mother? ---- She is a doctor. who询问人的关系、身份 ---- Who is the boy? ---- He is my brother. 随堂训练 1．（2026·安徽亳州·一模）—________ notebook is this on the chair? —It must be Kelly’s. Her name is on the cover. A．Whose B．Who C．Whom D．Which 2．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）— ________ is this basketball? — Perhaps it’s our English teacher’s. He likes sports. A．Whose B．Where C．How D．Which 3．（2023·上海徐汇·一模）“The umbrella is in the corner of the room for weeks. ________ is it?” asked the monitor. A．Who B．Which C．What D．Whose 七、it的用法 在初中英语学习中，我们经常会见到it，但是很多学生对it的用法掌握不牢，出现了很多错误。现将it 的用法做个简单小结，帮助同学们正确理解和运用。 1. it 可用作人称代词，在句中可以做主语，也可以做宾语等。它可以指人，物或事。 ⑴ it 指人时表示：说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用；指说话者心目中的那个人。如： ⑵ it 指事物时，可指代有生命的东西（包括动物），也可指无生命的东西。注意 it指物时，表示同类同物。如： 1.--- Who is knocking at the door? ---- It’s me. 2.---- Who is that speaking? ---- It’s me. 3.---- Who is the man? ---- It is my father. 4.Who taught you maths last term? Was it Mrs. Wang? 5.This is my dog. It is very lovely. 6.I lost my pen. I didn’t find it. 7.What is that? It is a boat. 8.Don’t play football in the street. It is very dangerous. 2. it 可以指代时间，天气，距离，气候，季节，长度，重量等。 1.---- What time is it? ---- It is 11:20. 2.----What’s the weather like today? ---- It is windy. 3.How long is it from the school to your home? 3. it可代替动词不定式/动名词，在句中做形式主语。动词不定式/动名词作主语时，主语太长，显得头重脚轻，为了避免这种现象，用it 代替动词不定式/动名词作主语，真正的主语不定式/动名词放到句后。如： 1.To learn a foreign language is not easy.可写成 It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 2.Getting everything ready in time was very difficult.可写成 It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. 4. it 可以做形式宾语，在少数动词后可以代替动词不定式/动名词做宾语(后面跟有宾语补足语)。像 find, think, believe, make, feel等。常用在“主语+v.+it+宾补（adj./n）+不定式/动名词”结构。如： 1.I find it difficult to learn English. 2.He thinks it easy to work out this maths problem. 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）Bill thought _________ necessary to work with friends and share different ideas. A．this B．that C．it is D．it 2．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）Online courses make ______ much easier for people to learn about the world at home. A．it B．one C．this D．that 3．（2025·全国·模拟预测）Online short video apps make ________ easier to do some shopping at home. A．it B．one C．this D．that 4．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）Did you find ________ very interesting to play Yo-Yo? A．this B．them C．that D．it 5．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）Summer is coming. It’s dangerous for us ________ in the rivers or lakes. A．swim B．swam C．to swim D．swimming 综合训练 一．单句语法填空 1．（25-26九年级上·甘肃平凉·月考）Kunming, the capital of Yunnan, is known for (it) comfortable weather. 2．（2025·全国·模拟预测）—Will Nancy take part in the English speech competition tomorrow? —Sure. She sees it as a chance to prove (she). 3．（2025·甘肃平凉·二模）We should learn to solve problems by (our). 4．（2025·云南昆明·三模）Huang Xuhua, the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarine (核潜艇)”, gave whole life to our country. (he) 5．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）When you meet difficulties, don’t keep them to , children! (you) 6．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Sometimes what others say can make us doubt . (we) 7．（2025·云南昆明·三模）We enjoyed greatly at the new amusement park. (we) 8．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Mary taught to sing this English song. How clever! (she) 9．（2025·全国·二模）She promises to take care of (she) when she studies abroad alone. 10．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）We all know that helping others is helping (we). 二．完成句子 1．（2012·江苏盐城·一模）我认为这张桌子没有什么特别的地方. I there is about the desk. 2．（25-26九年级上·甘肃平凉·月考）据说那位著名的作家正在写一本新小说。 that the famous writer is working on a new novel. 3．（2025·贵州·模拟预测）端午节是中国传统节日之一，有着2000多年的历史。 The Dragon Boat Festival is the traditional Chinese festivals with a history of more than 2, 000 years. 4．（2025·广东广州·二模）对学生们来说，学习不同国家的文化是很有趣的。 students to learn about different cultures from different countries. 5．（2025·贵州铜仁·三模）人们相信未来科技会改变我们的生活。 It’s technology can change our lives. 6．（2025·广东广州·三模）人们花了上千年的时间来延续这项传统民俗。 people over one thousand years this traditional custom alive. 7．（2025·贵州黔东南·二模）老师经常告诫我们，让别人等待是不礼貌的。 The teacher often tells us to keep others waiting for you. 8．（2025·广东广州·二模）我们全家一起在书中搜寻旧式粤菜，然后研究如何做这些名菜。 My whole family searched for old Cantonese dishes in the book and then studied . 9．（2025·甘肃平凉·三模）假期一开始，我们就去某个有趣的地方。 As soon as the vacation starts, we go . 10．（2025·广东广州·二模）“亡羊补牢”这个成语告诉我们什么时候采取行动都不晚。 The idiom “Wang Yang Bu Lao” tells us never too late take action. 二．用所给词的正确形式填空 1. Last Children's Day, we were _____________(luck) to have a meaningful party in the classroom. Our head teacher wished us good _____________(luck). _____________(luck), I won many games and got lots of gifts. But _____________(luck), my best friend got nothing. 2. Many _____________(clean) still work on the streets on the eve of the Spring Festival. That's because they want to make the streets _____________(clean) to welcome the Spring Festival. 3. Look! They _____________(celebrate) Teachers' Day. Their teachers think the _____________(celebrate) will be unforgettable forever. 4. My son always makes a _____________(beautiful) card and sing _____________(beautiful) for me on Mother's Day. 5. The Mid-Autumn Festival is a _____________(tradition) festival in China. Do you want to know about its _____________(tradition)? 四．语法填空 （2024·广东深圳·中考真题）Ole is a student from Norway at East China Normal School. He first visited China in 2016, and since then, he 1 (develop) a deep interest in traditional Chinese culture. Recently, he and his team won the Shanghai International Students Dragon Boat Race. It was the team’s 2 (six) win in a row and his second time winning the first prize. “I 3 (introduce) to the dragon boat racing in the spring of 2023. My teacher noticed my strong arms and encouraged me 4 (try) it,” said Ole. When he was asked the secret of his success, he replied, “There is no ‘I’, 5 only ‘we’. My teammates are international students coming 6 different countries. Before we became the champions, we practiced rowing three times a week, trying to match the strokes with drumbeat. At first, we weren’t very good. We did not know 7 the problem lay. However, with continuous effort, we learned that teamwork is the key. Although we are culturally different, we are one team in the race. Before each race, the team would stand in 8 circle and cheer loudly. “Taking part in this sport, we realized the 9 (important) of cooperation. We trained hard, each stroke bringing us a closer to understanding the tradition of Dragon Boat Festival,” said Ole 10 (proud). 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $