专题05 动词考点、非谓语动词归纳-九年级英语人教版

专题05 动词考点、非谓语动词归纳 动词考点 考点1. regret的用法 用法分析 regret是动词，意为“懊悔，遗憾，悔恨”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式、不定式或从句。regret的过去式、过去分词为regretted，现在分词为regretting。 很遗憾告诉你我不和你一起去了。I regret to tell you that I won’t go with you. 要点辨析 regret doing sth.，regret to do sth. regret doing sth. 意为“后悔做过某事”，指对做过的事情表示遗憾、后悔。 regret to do sth. 意为“遗憾地去做某事”，指对要做的事情表示遗憾，强调事情未做。 I regretted missing a good chance.我后悔错过了一次良机。 I regret to trouble you again.我很遗憾要再次麻烦你。 注意 与regret用法相似的结构 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（事情未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做） remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（事情未做） remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做） 根据汉语提示完成句子 The driver （后悔）his carelessness in driving and went to the hospital to say sorry to his passengers. 考点2.辨析 manage to do sth.，try to do sth. manage to do sth. “设法做成某事”，强调通过努力达到了目的，结果是成功的。 try to do sth. “尽力做某事”，强调过程，结果不一定是成功的。 He managed to escape to South America.他设法逃到了南美。 At last I managed to persuade her to stay.我终于说服了她留下。 I tried to persuade her to stay, but she wouldn’t listen.我设法要她留下，但她不听。 要点拓展 manage做动词，还可意为“经营，管理”；manager做名词，意为“经理；老板；经营者”；management做名词，意为“经营；管理”。 It’s not easy to manage a large company.管理一家大公司并不容易。 In the summer camp, the boy learned to ______ all kinds of difficulties. A. manage B. protect C. remain D. control 考点3. pay attention to的用法 用法分析 pay attention to意为“注意；关注”，其中to为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式。 在课堂上，我们必须集中精力听老师讲课。We must pay attention to listening to the teacher in class. 固定搭配 attention keep one’s attention保持某人的注意力 pay attention to注意，关注 catch one’s attention引起某人的注意 get one’s attention得到某人的注意 attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意 要点拓展 常见的to做介词，后接动名词的词组 look forward to盼望 prefer...to...比起……更喜欢…… be/get/become used to习惯于 thanks to幸亏，由于 put one’s mind to全神贯注于 devote oneself to...献身于…… 戴安娜总是在旅行前关注天气。 Diana always the weather before traveling. 考点4. get sth. done的用法 用法分析 get their ears pierced意为“打耳洞”，是“get sth.+done（过去分词）”结构，表示“使某事被……；让别人做某事”，相当于have sth. done。 我得把盘子洗了，然后就来。I’ll just get the dishes washed and then I’ll come. 我要去理发。I am going to get/have my hair cut. 我的手表坏了。我打算让人修一下。My watch is broken. I’m going to have it repaired. 要点拓展 get的其他常用结构： get sb.to do sth.=have sb. do sth.让某人做某事 get sb./sth. doing sth.让某人/某物做某事 I can’t get him to change his idea.我不能使他改变想法。 My bike is broken. I will have it ______ tomorrow morning. A. fix up B. fixed up C. repairing D. to repair 考点5.can't wait to do sth. 的用法 用法分析 can't wait to do sth.意为“迫不及待做某事”。 这个女孩迫不及待地打开了这个盒子。The girl can't wait to open the box. 我真是迫不及待地想去澳大利亚度假。I really can't wait to go on holiday in Australia. 朱莉亚迫不及待地要闯进去见老板。Julia couldn't wait to run in and see the boss. 考点拓展 （1）wait for sb. to do sth. 意思是“等待某人去做某事”；wait for sb. sth. 意为“等待某人或某物”；wait to do sth. 意为“等着做某事”。 我正等着詹姆斯的到来。I'm waiting for James to arrive. 我买了一张报纸等待火车的到来。I bought a paper and waited for the train. 他在等着见老板。He is waiting to see the boss. （2）wait的其他短语：waiting room候诊/车室；wait one's chance等待时机；wait on服侍，伺候。 My parents said they would come to visit me. I couldn't to see them after several months away from home. A. wait B. help C. expect D. afford 考点6. 过去分词短语做后置定语的用法 句子结构分析 Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. 主语 谓语 宾语 过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰 movie，相当于定语从句which is called/named Toy Story 用法分析 过去分词（短语）做后置定语，修饰名词，放在被修饰词之后，且常含有被动意味，相当于一个定语从句。 我买了一本马克·吐温写的书。I bought a book written by Mark Twain. -Tom, have you ever read the book A Tale of Two Cities ______ by Charles Dickens？ -Yes, I finished reading it last winter vacation. A. wrote B. to write C. writing D. written 考点7.不定式短语做后置定语的用法 句子结构分析 I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 主语 谓语 宾语 后置定语，修饰a partner 要点拓展 不定式短语做定语修饰名词时，通常放在名词的后面，并与所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的动宾关系，构成“名词十不定式短语”结构。 注意 构成该短语的动词如果是不及物动词，必须加上一个恰当的介词。 Do you need a pen to write with？你需要一支钢笔写字吗？ A friend in need is a friend indeed. All of us need a friend ______. A. to talk with B. talking with C. to talk 考点8.would rather“宁愿；宁可；更喜欢” would rather “宁愿；宁可；更喜欢”，后跟动词原形. 常用来表示选择的意愿。没有人称和数的变化，其中would 常缩写成’d 形式 would rather do sth. =prefer to do sth.宁愿做某事 I would rather at home because it’s cold outside.我宁愿呆在家里，因为外面冷。 He used to play computer games all night, but now he would rather his time on his lessons than on the Internet. 他过去常常整夜玩电脑游戏,但现在他宁愿把时间花在功课上也不上网了。 否定句：would rather not do sth.宁愿不做某事 He would rather listen to jazz. 他宁愿不听爵士乐。 疑问句：将would提到句首 Would you rather stay at home or play tennis with us? 你宁愿呆在家里还是和我一起打网球？ would rather do than do= prefer to do rather than do宁愿做某事而不愿做某事（than 所连接的词语必须与前面的词语在词性和结构上保持一致） I would rather TV at home than out for a walk. 我宁愿在家里看电视也不愿出去散步。 考点9.it 形式主语 ①It is +adj. for sb. to do...“做某事对某人来说是……”；表示说话人对客观事件的决断性，其中形容词常用：easy、difficult、hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。 It’s very children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。 It’s difficult finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。 ②It is +adj. of sb. to do...“做某事对某人来说是……”；表示说话人对客观事物的高兴、惊讶、遗憾、难过等情绪，表现的是人的性格、品质或特征，其中形容词常用：kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等。 It’s very help me. 你能帮我，真好。 It’s clever the maths problem.你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。 注意：of sb. 的句型通常都可转换为不定式作状语的句子，但for sb. 句型不可以。 It’s very nice you to offer me a seat.= You are nice to offer me a seat. 十分感谢你给我让座。 It is careless him to lose so many things.= He is careless to lose so many things. 他丢了这么多东西，真是太粗心了。 考点10. it 形式宾语 用法分析 find + it（形式宾语）十形容词（宾语补足语）+to do sth.；find+宾语十宾语补足语（形容词/名词/动词-ing形式）。 我发现这儿的老师对我很好。I find that the teachers are friendly to me here. 我发现她很容易相处。I find it easy to get on with her. 他发现地上有个男孩在哭泣。He found the boy crying on the ground. 注意 “主语+find + it+形容词/名词+ to do…”是简单句，可以与复合句“主语+find+ that + it is +形容词/名词+to do...”互换。 I find it difficult to learn math well. =I find that it is difficult to learn math well.我发现学好数学很难。 We find ______ impossible for us ______ a foreign language well in a short time. A. one；learn B. it；to learn C. that；to learn D. this；learning 考点11.rather than 并非; 而不是 rather than 并非; 而不是（是一个并列连词） The most valuable thing is time, rather than .最珍贵的是时间, 而不是金钱 1) rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“宁愿…而不愿…”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。 She'd rather than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。 2）rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“(是…) 而不是…；与其…不如…”。 它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。 I decided to write (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不是打电话 It’s hot rather than today.与其说今天暖和不如说今天热。 考点12.“There be+sb. /sth. +doing sth.”意思是“有某人/某物正在做某事”， 这种句型常用来强调动作，一般对进行时态进行强调。 有很多孩子正在操场上玩耍。There are many children playing on the playground. 树下有个女孩正在唱歌。There is a girl singing under the tree. 拓展（1）“There must be sb. /sth. doing sth. +地点”表示“某处一定有某人/某物正在做某事”。 房间里肯定有个小孩在哭。 There must be child crying in the room. （2）There be表示“有”，强调某物/某人在某处是客观存在的。There be句型遵循就近原则，即be动词的数（is, are）取决于离它最近的名词，最近的是单数/不可数名词就用is，最近的是复数名词就用are，与后面的名词无关。 教室里有一位老师和十个学生。There is a teacher and ten students in the classroom. 1.Let' 's save pandas! There only about 2, 000 pandas living in the forests now. A. am B. is C. are 2.-Look! There is a man ______ Taiji near the river. -Wow！It’s my teacher, Mr. Wu. A. perform B. performs C. performing D. performed 非谓语动词 不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，无时态与语态变化，又称非限定性动词。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。 1、动词不定式 （1）动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末，这样可使主语不至显得太长，避免头重脚轻的现象。动词不定式作主语的基本结构是：It+be+形容词(+for/of sb)+to do sth.. To learn English well is not easy.=It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。 ▲for sb.句型前常用表示事物的特征、特点、客观形式的形容词。如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等。 1.It’s easy to do that. 我做这事太容易了。 2.It’s difficult Jim to learn Chinese well. 对于吉姆来说学好中文是困难的。 3.It’s important for us to protect the environment. 保护环境对于我们来说是重要的。 ▲of sb.句型前常用表示人物的性格、品德、主观感情、态度、赞扬或批评的形容词。如：careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise, rude, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等。 1.It’s very kind him to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 2.It’s very nice you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 （2）动词不定式作宾语 ① 只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词，初中阶段常见的有：ask, choose, agree, expect, hope, decide, learn, prefer, pretend, know, wish, want, would like, love, afford, dare, fail, manage, need, plan, promise, refuse, seem等。 1.He can’t afford go abroad. 他负担不起出国的费用。 2.We hope get there before dark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 3.They didn’t agree do that. 他们不同意那样做。 4.The girl decided do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。 ② 动词feel, find, make, think等后面接不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+ feel/find/make/think+it+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。 1.He found it very difficult get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。 2.I find it useful learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。 3.We thought it wrong not tell her. 我们认为不告诉她是错误的。 （3）动词不定式作补语 1 英语中许多动词可跟一个“名词（代词）+不定式”构成的复合宾语，这里的动词不定式就作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, allow, permit, advise, expect, suppose, invite, encourage, teach, tell, want, wait for, wish, would like/love等。 1.I’d invite her have dinner at my house. 2.Email English is supposed be used on mobile phones. 3.Teenagers should be allowed choose their own clothes. 2 英语中有些动词要求不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有：四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch；三“让”：have, let, make；二“听”：hear, listen to；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice等。help后不定式的to可以省略，也可以保留。 1.Can you help me learn English? 2.They were made work day and night. 3.She was heard sing in the room. 4.This picture makes me tense! 5.Of course we want to see Liu Yu his dreams. （4）动词不定式作状语 ① 动词不定式作目的状语：在强调这种目的状语时，不定式前可加in order或so as 1.He went to Paris learn French. 他去巴黎学法语。 2.I come here only say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 3.A group of young people got together discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚在一群目的是讨论这个问题。 ②动词不定式作原因状语：不定式常跟在表示情感的形容词后，修饰形容词，作原因状语，不定式作原因状语的基本结构是：“sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.”。能用于该结构的形容词有：angry, clever, careful, happy, lucky, nice, pleased, right, sorry, slow等。 I’m very glad see you again. 我很高兴又见到你。 ③ 动词不定式作结果状语，多见于“too+形容词+to do sth.”结构句中。 The T-shirt is too big for me wear. 这件T恤对于我来说太大了而不能穿。 ④ 动词不定式作程度状语，多见于 “形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.”结构句中。 1.The boy is old enough go to school. 2.Jack ran fast enough catch the bus. （5）动词不定式作定语(须后置) ① 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，它与其他修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系。 I can’t think of any good advice give her. I have nothing say on this question. He needs time do homework. Is that a good place hang out? You want to know the best way get around the city. ② 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词。但当名词是time, place或way时，不定式后的介词可以省略。 1.I need a pen write with. 我需要一支笔写字。 2.I have a comfortable house live in. 我有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 3.Tom had no money and no place live (in). 汤姆没有钱，也没有地方居住。 （6）动词不定式作表语 动词不定式往往放在系动词be（become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。 1.My wish is a teacher. 我的愿望是当一名教师。 2.Your job today is the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。 3.Their duty is the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 （7）动词不定式的特殊结构 ①“疑问词＋不定式”结构：动词不定式前面可与疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where等连用，构成不定式短语，相当于一个宾语从句，在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等，或者单独使用。动词decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等常与疑问词连用。“疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 I can’t decide where to go. (作宾语) Where to go is not decided yet. (作主语) The question is how to put it into practice. (作表语) Can you tell me how to get to Guilin Middle School? (作宾补) 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。如： What to do next?(=What will we/you do next?) // Why go there?(=Why do we/you go there?) ②动词不定式的否定形式：“not/never+to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to。 1.My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。 2.Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 3.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking. 他的父母亲告诉他决不要在酒后开车。 ③ 动词不定式的省略：在“You’d+动词原形”、“Why not+动词原形” 、“Why don’t you+动词原形?”、“would rather+动词原形”、“Will/Would /Could you please(not)+动词原形?”句型中，动词不定式符号to常常省略。 1.You’d better get up early. 2.Why not have a picnic in the countryside this Sunday? 3.Will/Would /Could you please not open the window? It’s too cold outside. 4.I would rather stay at home. ④ 有时为了避免重复，在动词except, hope, wish, forget, want, try等，短语be glad/happy, would like, would love, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等出现与上下文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其他部分省略。 ---- I heard that you would go to Kunming for you summer vacation. ---- I planned to, but I have something important to do. (planned to后省略了go) ---- Would you like to come to my birthday party? ---- Yes, I’d love to. (I’d love to后省略了come) 随堂训练 1．（2025·天津·模拟预测）My mother always asks me ________ the habit of doing homework as soon as I get home. A．develop B．developing C．develops D．to develop 2．（2025·全国·模拟预测）Yuan Longping developed better rice plants ________ the problem of hunger. A．solve B．solved C．to solve D．to solving 3．（2025·全国·模拟预测）—Would you like to watch a basketball game tonight at the sports center? —I’d like to, but my parents don’t allow me ________ late. A．stay out B．stayed out C．staying out D．to stay out 4．（25-26九年级上·甘肃武威·月考）My friend often asks me ________ her how to skate. A．teach B．teaching C．to teach D．taught 5．（25-26九年级上·甘肃武威·月考）Nowadays teachers feel they can’t help ________ reading materials suitable for every student, so they encourage them ________ English by Internet. A．finding; learning B．to find; learning C．finding; to learn D．to find; to learn 2、动名词 （1）动名词作主语：动名词作主语时，谓语要用动词用第三人称单数形式。 Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。 （2）动名词作宾语：动名词可用作动词或介词的宾语，表示一般的习惯、抽象的行为或经常性的动作。常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practise, suggest, excuse, face, forgive, imagine, include, be busy, feel like, give up, can’t help, look forward to等。 Have you finished reading the book? 你读完这本书了吗？ Foreign visitors are looking forward to visiting Guilin. 外国游客期待参观桂林。 （3）动名词作表语：多数情况下动名词作表语可以转换成作主语。 One of my duties is typing letters.= Typing letters is one of my duties. 我的职责之一是打信件。 （4）动名词作定语：只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 Lucy is in the dining hall. 露西在餐厅里。 We should improve our learning method. 我们应该改进学习方法。 （5）动词不定式与动名词的用法比较 ① 动词hate, like, love, prefer等接不定式时，通常表示一次性或具体动作；接动词-ing 形式做宾语时，通常表示一般性或习惯性的动作。但在现代英语中，通常不加区别地混用。 I don’t like to do swim today. (一次具体动作) I like swimming. (习惯或爱好) I hate to go boating today. 今天我不想去划船。 I hate going boating. 我讨厌划船。 ② 动词attempt, begin, continue, intend, start等接不定式或动词名词做宾语意义不变。 We began learning/to learn English when we came to junior middle school. 我们来初中学习时才开始学习英语。 ③ 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember, regret等，后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v-ing形式作宾语，表动作已发生。 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)； remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事(已做)； forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(未做)； forget doing sth. 忘记曾经做过某事(已做)； regret to do sth. 对要做的事遗憾、后悔(未做)； regret doing sth. 对做过的事遗憾、后悔 (已做)； 1.I remember seeing you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。 2.Please remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时请记得关好灯。 ④ 动词mean接不定式作宾语时，表示一种意图，意思是“打算做，想要做”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示解释，意思是“意味着，意思是”。 1.I didn’t mean to bother you. 我本不想打扰你。 2.What he said means going there by air. 他说话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。 ⑤ try接不定式作宾语时，表示一种决心，意思是“设法做，尽力做”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示没有把握，意思是“试着做”。 try to do sth. 尽力/努力/企图做某事； try doing sth. 试验/试着做某事； 1.I’ll try to catch up with my class this term. 这一学期我将尽力赶上同学们。 2.I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文。 ⑥ 动词go on, stop等接不定式时，表示一种目的，意思是“继续或停下来的目的是要去干另一件事”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示继续或停止所做的事情，意思是“继续或停止做”。 go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事； go on doing sth. 继续做原来在做的事； stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事； stop doing sth. 停止做某事； Now stop to listen me, please. 现在停下来听我讲。 Now stop writing, please. 现在停止写字。 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）Many tourists gather in Tian’anmen Square early in the morning to watch the _________ of the national flag. A．raising B．rising C．raises D．rises 2．（25-26九年级上·云南·月考）He avoided __________ mistakes by practicing it over and over again. A．made B．making C．to make D．makes 3．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）—So far, Hi Mom is one of the most ________ films I’ve ever seen. —That’s true, It is well worth ________ again. A．move; see B．moved; to see C．moving; seeing D．moved; seeing 4．（2025·云南昆明·三模）The heavy rain prevented us from ________ the outdoor activities as planned, so we had to stay in the classroom. A．organize B．to organize C．organizes D．organizing 5．（2025·江苏常州·三模）More attention should be paid to ________ the environment. A．protect B．protecting C．protected D．to protect 3、分词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成，有主动、正在进行之意，所修饰的人或物是动作的执行者；过去分词由“动词原形+ed”构成，有被动、完成之意，所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。现在分词和过去分词都具有形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。 （1）作定语：现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。单个分词作定语时常放在被修饰词的前面，分词短语作定语时要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于定语从句。 China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 America is a developed country. 美国是一个发达国家。 Who is the woman talking (=who is talking) to Jim? 在和吉姆交谈的那个妇女是谁？ （2）作表语：现在分词作表语表示主动，表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词作表语表示被动，表示某种状态。 1.The book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。(书本身有趣) 2.I’m interested in the book.我对它很感兴趣。(我被这本书激起兴趣) （3）作宾语补足语 ① 现在分词常用在see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, have 等动词后面，作宾语补足语。 ② 现在分词与不定式作感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等的宾语补足语时的区别：用现在分词作宾语补足语时，表示动作正在发生或进行；用不定式作宾语补足语时，表示动作已经发生，动作的过程已经结束。 They kept me waiting for a long time. 他们让我等了很久。 I saw him go upstairs. 我看见他上楼了。(看见他上楼的整个过程) I saw him going upstairs. 我看见他正在上楼。(看见他正在向楼上走去) （4）作状语 ① 分词作状语时可以表示时间（相当于一个时间状语从句）、原因（相当于一个原因状语从句）或表示动作发生的方式及作为陪衬的另一动作。如：Being sick, I stayed at home. ② 分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。如：Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 随堂训练 1．（2025·全国·二模）When I walked past the park, I saw some old people ________ Chinese Taiji. A．do B．did C．doing D．to do 2．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）The couple were seen ________ a walk outside at this time yesterday . Nobody knows when they came back. A．take B．taken C．took D．taking 3．（2025·云南·模拟预测）The Chang’e-6 probe successfully collected samples from the far side of the moon, ________ a new record in lunar exploration. A．set B．setting C．sets D．to set 4．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）My computer doesn’t work, so I want to have it ________. A．repaired B．repairing C．to repair D．repair 5．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）The book ________ by Han Han is very popular among teenagers. A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written 综合训练 一．单句语法填空 1．（2025·甘肃平凉·二模）Sarah is looking forward to (learn) something about Dunhuang. 2．（2025·甘肃平凉·二模）Everyone should play a part in (protect) wild animals. 3．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Just as a saying goes, to give is better than (take). 4．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）Anybody may have a chance to (success) if he tries his best. 5．（2025·甘肃张掖·三模）I am looking forward to (show) my wonderful dancing moves at our party. 6．（25-26九年级上·甘肃平凉·月考）He prefers (stay) at home rather than go out on weekends. 7．（2025·吉林通化·模拟预测）The young should do meaningful things instead of (play) with phones all day. 8．（2025·全国·模拟预测）We can never learn to fly without (crash) a few times. 9．（2025·全国·模拟预测）Millie doesn’t mind (open) the window though it’s quite cold outside. 10．（2025·全国·模拟预测）—I won’t mind (go) alone if you don’t have time. —Thanks for your understanding. It is really very nice of you. 11．（2025·甘肃武威·一模）I like the books (write) by Lu Xun. 12．（25-26八年级上·全国·课后作业）Listening to music is a good way (relax) after a day’s work. 13．（2025·西藏·一模）I think (drink) milk every day is good for our health. 14．（2025·西藏·一模）Jackie isn’t old enough (go) to school. 15．（2014·江苏盐城·二模）When I walked past the office, I notice him____________(argue) with his boss. 16．（2014·江苏盐城·二模）_______________(keep) slim, you should change your diet and lifestyle. 17．（2022·江苏无锡·一模）My wife advised me to the south, but I couldn’t take her advice. (move) 18．（2022·江苏无锡·一模）Sally doesn’t have to be made (learn). She always works hard. 19．（2022·江苏无锡·一模）Don’t trouble him. He is busy (repair) my broken bike. 20．（2025·甘肃平凉·二模）Jack doesn’t know how (begin) to make new friends. 二．用所给词的正确形式填空 1.There are some____________(different) between the two countries because they have ____________(different) cultures and customs. So, we should behave ____________ (different) in foreign countries. 2.To our ____________(surprise), Lucy decided to get married to Tom though they didn't get on well when they were in high school. In the wedding, everything ___________ (surprise) us. Their love story gave us a big ____________(surprise). And we were ___________ (surprise) that one of the most famous film stars attended their wedding. The most ____________ (surprise)thing was that Lucy's lost dog showed up and gave her a hug during the wedding. 3.He is a good doctor. He is always ____________(patient) with his ___________ (patient) and look them over very ____________(patient). 4.I agree that a _____________(true) friend can share his trouble or happiness with us. For me, a good friend can always _____________(true) care about me and tell me the ____________ (true). 三．语法填空 （2025·湖南长沙·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I have always loved reading books that were written hundreds or even thousands of years ago. These are the literature classics (文学经典), and they 1 (be) of lasting value. For example, The Iliad, written almost three thousand years ago, tells us about the good and bad qualities (品质) of human nature; that is to say, we can be heroic and silly at 2 same time. China has 3 (it) own long history of classical literature that dates back to the “Four Books and Five Classics”. These books 4 (write) before the Qin Dynasty. No one was considered educated unless they had read these classics. Even today, students are encouraged 5 (read) The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). There are also 6 (new) classics than those above, such as Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. Still, many people don’t want to read them 7 they are long and have complex plots (复杂的情节). But they are great 8 (story) which also show the goodness and weakness of human nature. Are you interested 9 learning more about the classics? Just reading some of them will give you a better understanding of the basis (基础) of culture then. They will also help you better understand yourself and others. 10 (slow) but surely, you will fall in love with them. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 动词考点、非谓语动词归纳 动词考点 考点1. regret的用法 用法分析 regret是动词，意为“懊悔，遗憾，悔恨”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式、不定式或从句。regret的过去式、过去分词为regretted，现在分词为regretting。 很遗憾告诉你我不和你一起去了。I regret to tell you that I won’t go with you. 要点辨析 regret doing sth.，regret to do sth. regret doing sth. 意为“后悔做过某事”，指对做过的事情表示遗憾、后悔。 regret to do sth. 意为“遗憾地去做某事”，指对要做的事情表示遗憾，强调事情未做。 I regretted missing a good chance.我后悔错过了一次良机。 I regret to trouble you again.我很遗憾要再次麻烦你。 注意 与regret用法相似的结构 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（事情未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做） remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（事情未做） remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做） 根据汉语提示完成句子 The driver regretted（后悔）his carelessness in driving and went to the hospital to say sorry to his passengers. 考点2.辨析 manage to do sth.，try to do sth. manage to do sth. “设法做成某事”，强调通过努力达到了目的，结果是成功的。 try to do sth. “尽力做某事”，强调过程，结果不一定是成功的。 He managed to escape to South America.他设法逃到了南美。 At last I managed to persuade her to stay.我终于说服了她留下。 I tried to persuade her to stay, but she wouldn’t listen.我设法要她留下，但她不听。 要点拓展 manage做动词，还可意为“经营，管理”；manager做名词，意为“经理；老板；经营者”；management做名词，意为“经营；管理”。 It’s not easy to manage a large company.管理一家大公司并不容易。 In the summer camp, the boy learned to ___A___ all kinds of difficulties. A. manage B. protect C. remain D. control 考点3. pay attention to的用法 用法分析 pay attention to意为“注意；关注”，其中to为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式。 在课堂上，我们必须集中精力听老师讲课。We must pay attention to listening to the teacher in class. 固定搭配 attention keep one’s attention保持某人的注意力 pay attention to注意，关注 catch one’s attention引起某人的注意 get one’s attention得到某人的注意 attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意 要点拓展 常见的to做介词，后接动名词的词组 look forward to盼望 prefer...to...比起……更喜欢…… be/get/become used to习惯于 thanks to幸亏，由于 put one’s mind to全神贯注于 devote oneself to...献身于…… 戴安娜总是在旅行前关注天气。 Diana always pays attention to/cares about the weather before traveling. 考点4. get sth. done的用法 用法分析 get their ears pierced意为“打耳洞”，是“get sth.+done（过去分词）”结构，表示“使某事被……；让别人做某事”，相当于have sth. done。 我得把盘子洗了，然后就来。I’ll just get the dishes washed and then I’ll come. 我要去理发。I am going to get/have my hair cut. 我的手表坏了。我打算让人修一下。My watch is broken. I’m going to have it repaired. 要点拓展 get的其他常用结构： get sb.to do sth.=have sb. do sth.让某人做某事 get sb./sth. doing sth.让某人/某物做某事 I can’t get him to change his idea.我不能使他改变想法。 My bike is broken. I will have it ___B___ tomorrow morning. A. fix up B. fixed up C. repairing D. to repair 考点5.can't wait to do sth. 的用法 用法分析 can't wait to do sth.意为“迫不及待做某事”。 这个女孩迫不及待地打开了这个盒子。The girl can't wait to open the box. 我真是迫不及待地想去澳大利亚度假。I really can't wait to go on holiday in Australia. 朱莉亚迫不及待地要闯进去见老板。Julia couldn't wait to run in and see the boss. 考点拓展 （1）wait for sb. to do sth. 意思是“等待某人去做某事”；wait for sb. sth. 意为“等待某人或某物”；wait to do sth. 意为“等着做某事”。 我正等着詹姆斯的到来。I'm waiting for James to arrive. 我买了一张报纸等待火车的到来。I bought a paper and waited for the train. 他在等着见老板。He is waiting to see the boss. （2）wait的其他短语：waiting room候诊/车室；wait one's chance等待时机；wait on服侍，伺候。 My parents said they would come to visit me. I couldn't A to see them after several months away from home. A. wait B. help C. expect D. afford 考点6. 过去分词短语做后置定语的用法 句子结构分析 Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. 主语 谓语 宾语 过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰 movie，相当于定语从句which is called/named Toy Story 用法分析 过去分词（短语）做后置定语，修饰名词，放在被修饰词之后，且常含有被动意味，相当于一个定语从句。 我买了一本马克·吐温写的书。I bought a book written by Mark Twain. -Tom, have you ever read the book A Tale of Two Cities ___D___ by Charles Dickens？ -Yes, I finished reading it last winter vacation. A. wrote B. to write C. writing D. written 考点7.不定式短语做后置定语的用法 句子结构分析 I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 主语 谓语 宾语 后置定语，修饰a partner 要点拓展 不定式短语做定语修饰名词时，通常放在名词的后面，并与所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的动宾关系，构成“名词十不定式短语”结构。 注意 构成该短语的动词如果是不及物动词，必须加上一个恰当的介词。 Do you need a pen to write with？你需要一支钢笔写字吗？ A friend in need is a friend indeed. All of us need a friend ___A___. A. to talk with B. talking with C. to talk 考点8.would rather“宁愿；宁可；更喜欢” would rather “宁愿；宁可；更喜欢”，后跟动词原形. 常用来表示选择的意愿。没有人称和数的变化，其中would 常缩写成’d 形式 would rather do sth. =prefer to do sth.宁愿做某事 I would rather stay at home because it’s cold outside.我宁愿呆在家里，因为外面冷。 He used to play computer games all night, but now he would rather spend his time on his lessons than on the Internet. 他过去常常整夜玩电脑游戏,但现在他宁愿把时间花在功课上也不上网了。 否定句：would rather not do sth.宁愿不做某事 He would rather not listen to jazz. 他宁愿不听爵士乐。 疑问句：将would提到句首 Would you rather stay at home or play tennis with us? 你宁愿呆在家里还是和我一起打网球？ would rather do than do= prefer to do rather than do宁愿做某事而不愿做某事（than 所连接的词语必须与前面的词语在词性和结构上保持一致） I would rather watch TV at home than go out for a walk. 我宁愿在家里看电视也不愿出去散步。 考点9.it 形式主语 ①It is +adj. for sb. to do...“做某事对某人来说是……”；表示说话人对客观事件的决断性，其中形容词常用：easy、difficult、hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。 It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。 It’s difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。 ②It is +adj. of sb. to do...“做某事对某人来说是……”；表示说话人对客观事物的高兴、惊讶、遗憾、难过等情绪，表现的是人的性格、品质或特征，其中形容词常用：kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等。 It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我，真好。 It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem.你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。 注意：of sb. 的句型通常都可转换为不定式作状语的句子，但for sb. 句型不可以。 It’s very nice of you to offer me a seat.= You are nice to offer me a seat. 十分感谢你给我让座。 It is careless of him to lose so many things.= He is careless to lose so many things. 他丢了这么多东西，真是太粗心了。 考点10. it 形式宾语 用法分析 find + it（形式宾语）十形容词（宾语补足语）+to do sth.；find+宾语十宾语补足语（形容词/名词/动词-ing形式）。 我发现这儿的老师对我很好。I find that the teachers are friendly to me here. 我发现她很容易相处。I find it easy to get on with her. 他发现地上有个男孩在哭泣。He found the boy crying on the ground. 注意 “主语+find + it+形容词/名词+ to do…”是简单句，可以与复合句“主语+find+ that + it is +形容词/名词+to do...”互换。 I find it difficult to learn math well. =I find that it is difficult to learn math well.我发现学好数学很难。 We find ___B___ impossible for us ______ a foreign language well in a short time. A. one；learn B. it；to learn C. that；to learn D. this；learning 考点11.rather than 并非; 而不是 rather than 并非; 而不是（是一个并列连词） The most valuable thing is time, rather than money.最珍贵的是时间, 而不是金钱 1) rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“宁愿…而不愿…”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。 She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。 2）rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“(是…) 而不是…；与其…不如…”。 它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。 I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不是打电话 It’s hot rather than warm today.与其说今天暖和不如说今天热。 考点12.“There be+sb. /sth. +doing sth.”意思是“有某人/某物正在做某事”， 这种句型常用来强调动作，一般对进行时态进行强调。 有很多孩子正在操场上玩耍。There are many children playing on the playground. 树下有个女孩正在唱歌。There is a girl singing under the tree. 拓展（1）“There must be sb. /sth. doing sth. +地点”表示“某处一定有某人/某物正在做某事”。 房间里肯定有个小孩在哭。 There must be child crying in the room. （2）There be表示“有”，强调某物/某人在某处是客观存在的。There be句型遵循就近原则，即be动词的数（is, are）取决于离它最近的名词，最近的是单数/不可数名词就用is，最近的是复数名词就用are，与后面的名词无关。 教室里有一位老师和十个学生。There is a teacher and ten students in the classroom. 1.Let' 's save pandas! There C only about 2, 000 pandas living in the forests now. A. am B. is C. are 2.-Look! There is a man ___C___ Taiji near the river. -Wow！It’s my teacher, Mr. Wu. A. perform B. performs C. performing D. performed 非谓语动词 不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，无时态与语态变化，又称非限定性动词。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。 1、动词不定式 （1）动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末，这样可使主语不至显得太长，避免头重脚轻的现象。动词不定式作主语的基本结构是：It+be+形容词(+for/of sb)+to do sth.. To learn English well is not easy.=It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。 ▲for sb.句型前常用表示事物的特征、特点、客观形式的形容词。如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等。 1.It’s easy (for me) to do that. 我做这事太容易了。 2.It’s difficult for Jim to learn Chinese well. 对于吉姆来说学好中文是困难的。 3.It’s important for us to protect the environment. 保护环境对于我们来说是重要的。 ▲of sb.句型前常用表示人物的性格、品德、主观感情、态度、赞扬或批评的形容词。如：careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise, rude, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等。 1.It’s very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 2.It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 （2）动词不定式作宾语 ① 只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词，初中阶段常见的有：ask, choose, agree, expect, hope, decide, learn, prefer, pretend, know, wish, want, would like, love, afford, dare, fail, manage, need, plan, promise, refuse, seem等。 1.He can’t afford to go abroad. 他负担不起出国的费用。 2.We hope to get there before dark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 3.They didn’t agree to do that. 他们不同意那样做。 4.The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。 ② 动词feel, find, make, think等后面接不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+ feel/find/make/think+it+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。 1.He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。 2.I find it useful to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。 3.We thought it wrong not to tell her. 我们认为不告诉她是错误的。 （3）动词不定式作补语 1 英语中许多动词可跟一个“名词（代词）+不定式”构成的复合宾语，这里的动词不定式就作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, allow, permit, advise, expect, suppose, invite, encourage, teach, tell, want, wait for, wish, would like/love等。 1.I’d invite her to have dinner at my house. 2.Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones. 3.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 2 英语中有些动词要求不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有：四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch；三“让”：have, let, make；二“听”：hear, listen to；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice等。help后不定式的to可以省略，也可以保留。 1.Can you help me (to) learn English? 2.They were made to work day and night. 3.She was heard to sing in the room. 4.This picture makes me feel tense! 5.Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams. （4）动词不定式作状语 ① 动词不定式作目的状语：在强调这种目的状语时，不定式前可加in order或so as 1.He went to Paris to learn French. 他去巴黎学法语。 2.I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 3.A group of young people got together (in order/so as) to discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚在一群目的是讨论这个问题。 ②动词不定式作原因状语：不定式常跟在表示情感的形容词后，修饰形容词，作原因状语，不定式作原因状语的基本结构是：“sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.”。能用于该结构的形容词有：angry, clever, careful, happy, lucky, nice, pleased, right, sorry, slow等。 I’m very glad to see you again. 我很高兴又见到你。 ③ 动词不定式作结果状语，多见于“too+形容词+to do sth.”结构句中。 The T-shirt is too big for me to wear. 这件T恤对于我来说太大了而不能穿。 ④ 动词不定式作程度状语，多见于 “形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.”结构句中。 1.The boy is old enough to go to school. 2.Jack ran fast enough to catch the bus. （5）动词不定式作定语(须后置) ① 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，它与其他修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系。 I can’t think of any good advice to give her. I have nothing to say on this question. He needs time to do homework. Is that a good place to hang out? You want to know the best way to get around the city. ② 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词。但当名词是time, place或way时，不定式后的介词可以省略。 1.I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔写字。 2.I have a comfortable house to live in. 我有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 3.Tom had no money and no place to live (in). 汤姆没有钱，也没有地方居住。 （6）动词不定式作表语 动词不定式往往放在系动词be（become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。 1.My wish is to become a teacher. 我的愿望是当一名教师。 2.Your job today is to clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。 3.Their duty is to look after the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 （7）动词不定式的特殊结构 ①“疑问词＋不定式”结构：动词不定式前面可与疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where等连用，构成不定式短语，相当于一个宾语从句，在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等，或者单独使用。动词decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等常与疑问词连用。“疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 I can’t decide where to go. (作宾语) Where to go is not decided yet. (作主语) The question is how to put it into practice. (作表语) Can you tell me how to get to Guilin Middle School? (作宾补) 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。如： What to do next?(=What will we/you do next?) // Why go there?(=Why do we/you go there?) ②动词不定式的否定形式：“not/never+to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to。 1.My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。 2.Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 3.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking. 他的父母亲告诉他决不要在酒后开车。 ③ 动词不定式的省略：在“You’d+动词原形”、“Why not+动词原形” 、“Why don’t you+动词原形?”、“would rather+动词原形”、“Will/Would /Could you please(not)+动词原形?”句型中，动词不定式符号to常常省略。 1.You’d better get up early. 2.Why not have a picnic in the countryside this Sunday? 3.Will/Would /Could you please not open the window? It’s too cold outside. 4.I would rather stay at home. ④ 有时为了避免重复，在动词except, hope, wish, forget, want, try等，短语be glad/happy, would like, would love, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等出现与上下文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其他部分省略。 ---- I heard that you would go to Kunming for you summer vacation. ---- I planned to, but I have something important to do. (planned to后省略了go) ---- Would you like to come to my birthday party? ---- Yes, I’d love to. (I’d love to后省略了come) 随堂训练 1．（2025·天津·模拟预测）My mother always asks me ________ the habit of doing homework as soon as I get home. A．develop B．developing C．develops D．to develop 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我妈妈总是要求我一到家就养成做作业的习惯。 考查非谓语动词。ask sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“要求某人做某事”，因此空格处应填to develop。故选D。 2．（2025·全国·模拟预测）Yuan Longping developed better rice plants ________ the problem of hunger. A．solve B．solved C．to solve D．to solving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：袁隆平开发了更好的水稻植物以解决饥饿问题。 考查不定式作目的状语。solve解决，动词原形；solved解决，过去式或过去分词；to solve解决，不定式；to solving解决，介词to加动名词。此处表示动作的目的，应用不定式形式。故选C。 3．（2025·全国·模拟预测）—Would you like to watch a basketball game tonight at the sports center? —I’d like to, but my parents don’t allow me ________ late. A．stay out B．stayed out C．staying out D．to stay out 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——今晚你想去体育中心看篮球比赛吗？——我想去，但是我父母不允许我在外面待到很晚。 考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，其中动词不定式to do作宾语补足语。所以此处应该用to stay out。故选D。 4．（25-26九年级上·甘肃武威·月考）My friend often asks me ________ her how to skate. A．teach B．teaching C．to teach D．taught 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的朋友经常让我教她滑冰。 考查非谓语动词。根据“asks me”可知，考查ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”，因此填不定式作宾补。故选C。 5．（25-26九年级上·甘肃武威·月考）Nowadays teachers feel they can’t help ________ reading materials suitable for every student, so they encourage them ________ English by Internet. A．finding; learning B．to find; learning C．finding; to learn D．to find; to learn 【答案】D 【详解】句意：现在老师感觉他们不能帮助每一个学生找到合适的阅读材料，所以他们鼓励学生自己在网上学习英语。 考查非谓语动词的用法。 根据“can’t help... reading materials suitable for every student”可知，第一空处指“无法帮助找到材料”，需help to do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，故第一空需动词不定式；encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，固定搭配，故第二空需动词不定式。故选D。 2、动名词 （1）动名词作主语：动名词作主语时，谓语要用动词用第三人称单数形式。 Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。 （2）动名词作宾语：动名词可用作动词或介词的宾语，表示一般的习惯、抽象的行为或经常性的动作。常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practise, suggest, excuse, face, forgive, imagine, include, be busy, feel like, give up, can’t help, look forward to等。 Have you finished reading the book? 你读完这本书了吗？ Foreign visitors are looking forward to visiting Guilin. 外国游客期待参观桂林。 （3）动名词作表语：多数情况下动名词作表语可以转换成作主语。 One of my duties is typing letters.= Typing letters is one of my duties. 我的职责之一是打信件。 （4）动名词作定语：只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 Lucy is in the dining hall. 露西在餐厅里。 We should improve our learning method. 我们应该改进学习方法。 （5）动词不定式与动名词的用法比较 ① 动词hate, like, love, prefer等接不定式时，通常表示一次性或具体动作；接动词-ing 形式做宾语时，通常表示一般性或习惯性的动作。但在现代英语中，通常不加区别地混用。 I don’t like to do swim today. (一次具体动作) I like swimming. (习惯或爱好) I hate to go boating today. 今天我不想去划船。 I hate going boating. 我讨厌划船。 ② 动词attempt, begin, continue, intend, start等接不定式或动词名词做宾语意义不变。 We began learning/to learn English when we came to junior middle school. 我们来初中学习时才开始学习英语。 ③ 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember, regret等，后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v-ing形式作宾语，表动作已发生。 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)； remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事(已做)； forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(未做)； forget doing sth. 忘记曾经做过某事(已做)； regret to do sth. 对要做的事遗憾、后悔(未做)； regret doing sth. 对做过的事遗憾、后悔 (已做)； 1.I remember seeing you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。 2.Please remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时请记得关好灯。 ④ 动词mean接不定式作宾语时，表示一种意图，意思是“打算做，想要做”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示解释，意思是“意味着，意思是”。 1.I didn’t mean to bother you. 我本不想打扰你。 2.What he said means going there by air. 他说话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。 ⑤ try接不定式作宾语时，表示一种决心，意思是“设法做，尽力做”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示没有把握，意思是“试着做”。 try to do sth. 尽力/努力/企图做某事； try doing sth. 试验/试着做某事； 1.I’ll try to catch up with my class this term. 这一学期我将尽力赶上同学们。 2.I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文。 ⑥ 动词go on, stop等接不定式时，表示一种目的，意思是“继续或停下来的目的是要去干另一件事”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示继续或停止所做的事情，意思是“继续或停止做”。 go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事； go on doing sth. 继续做原来在做的事； stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事； stop doing sth. 停止做某事； Now stop to listen me, please. 现在停下来听我讲。 Now stop writing, please. 现在停止写字。 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）Many tourists gather in Tian’anmen Square early in the morning to watch the _________ of the national flag. A．raising B．rising C．raises D．rises 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多游客清晨聚集在天安门广场观看国旗的升起。 考查动词辨析。raising举起，动名词形式；rising上升，动名词形式；raises举起，动词第三人称单数；rises上升，动词第三人称单数。根据“the...of”可知，此处应用动名词；“国旗的升起”是人为操作的动作，“raising”强调人为举起，而“rising”指自然上升。故选A。 2．（25-26九年级上·云南·月考）He avoided __________ mistakes by practicing it over and over again. A．made B．making C．to make D．makes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他通过反复练习来避免犯错。 考查非谓语动词。made过去式或过去分词；making动名词或现在分词；to make不定式；makes第三人称单数形式。根据“He avoided...mistakes by practicing it over and over again.”可知，“avoid doing sth.”是固定用法，表示“避免做某事”，所以此处要用“make”的动名词形式“making”来作“avoided”的宾语。故选B。 3．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）—So far, Hi Mom is one of the most ________ films I’ve ever seen. —That’s true, It is well worth ________ again. A．move; see B．moved; to see C．moving; seeing D．moved; seeing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——到目前为止，《你好，李焕英》是我看过的最感人的电影之一。——真的，很值得再看一遍。 考查形容词辨析和非谓语动词。move感动，动词；moved感动的，修饰人；moving令人感动的，修饰物。根据“So far, Hi Mom is one of the most…films I’ve ever seen.”可知，此处修饰的是电影，应该用moving修饰；be worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事”，形容词短语，第二个空填seeing。故选C。 4．（2025·云南昆明·三模）The heavy rain prevented us from ________ the outdoor activities as planned, so we had to stay in the classroom. A．organize B．to organize C．organizes D．organizing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这场大雨阻止了我们按计划组织户外活动，所以我们不得不待在教室里。   考查非谓语动词。organize组织，动词原形；to organize不定式；organizes三单形式；organizing动名词/现在分词。根据“The heavy rain prevented us from”可知，“prevent sb. from doing sth.”是一个固定短语，意思是“阻止某人做某事”，其中“from”是介词，后面需要接动词的-ing形式。故选D。 5．（2025·江苏常州·三模）More attention should be paid to ________ the environment. A．protect B．protecting C．protected D．to protect 【答案】B 【详解】句意：应该更加注意保护环境。 考查非谓语动词。protect保护，动词原形；protecting保护，动名词或现在分词；protected保护，过去式或过去分词；to protect保护，动词不定式。根据“More attention should be paid to...the environment.”可知，此处是固定搭配pay attention to doing sth.“注意做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动名词作宾语，所以用protecting。故选B。 3、分词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成，有主动、正在进行之意，所修饰的人或物是动作的执行者；过去分词由“动词原形+ed”构成，有被动、完成之意，所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。现在分词和过去分词都具有形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。 （1）作定语：现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。单个分词作定语时常放在被修饰词的前面，分词短语作定语时要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于定语从句。 China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 America is a developed country. 美国是一个发达国家。 Who is the woman talking (=who is talking) to Jim? 在和吉姆交谈的那个妇女是谁？ （2）作表语：现在分词作表语表示主动，表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词作表语表示被动，表示某种状态。 1.The book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。(书本身有趣) 2.I’m interested in the book.我对它很感兴趣。(我被这本书激起兴趣) （3）作宾语补足语 ① 现在分词常用在see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, have 等动词后面，作宾语补足语。 ② 现在分词与不定式作感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等的宾语补足语时的区别：用现在分词作宾语补足语时，表示动作正在发生或进行；用不定式作宾语补足语时，表示动作已经发生，动作的过程已经结束。 They kept me waiting for a long time. 他们让我等了很久。 I saw him go upstairs. 我看见他上楼了。(看见他上楼的整个过程) I saw him going upstairs. 我看见他正在上楼。(看见他正在向楼上走去) （4）作状语 ① 分词作状语时可以表示时间（相当于一个时间状语从句）、原因（相当于一个原因状语从句）或表示动作发生的方式及作为陪衬的另一动作。如：Being sick, I stayed at home. ② 分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。如：Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 随堂训练 1．（2025·全国·二模）When I walked past the park, I saw some old people ________ Chinese Taiji. A．do B．did C．doing D．to do 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我走过公园时，我看到一些老人在打中国太极拳。 考查非谓语。根据“When I walked past the park”可知，此处指看见动作正在进行，see sb doing sth“看见某人正在做某事”，此处表示看见一些老人正在打中国太极拳。故选C。 2．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）The couple were seen ________ a walk outside at this time yesterday . Nobody knows when they came back. A．take B．taken C．took D．taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，有人看见这对夫妇正在外面散步。没人知道他们何时回来的。 考查非谓语动词。根据“...a walk outside at this time yesterday”可知，此处强调他们被看见时正在散步，see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”，固定词组，因此需用动词的现在分词。故选D。 3．（2025·云南·模拟预测）The Chang’e-6 probe successfully collected samples from the far side of the moon, ________ a new record in lunar exploration. A．set B．setting C．sets D．to set 【答案】B 【详解】句意：嫦娥六号探测器成功从月球背面采集样本，创造了月球探索的新纪录。 考查非谓语动词。set创造，原形；setting创造，现在分词；sets创造，三单；to set创造，不定式。此处需用现在分词作伴随状语，表示“成功收集样本”的结果是“创造了新纪录”。用setting符合。故选B。 4．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）My computer doesn’t work, so I want to have it ________. A．repaired B．repairing C．to repair D．repair 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的电脑坏了。因此我要把它修一修。 考查动词形式。repaired修理，过去式；repairing动名词；to repair不定式；repair动词原形。have sth. done表示“使某事被做”的意思。其中done是过去分词，repaired是repair的过去分词。故选A。 5．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）The book ________ by Han Han is very popular among teenagers. A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written 【答案】D 【详解】句意：韩寒写的这本书在青少年中非常受欢迎。 考查动词非谓语。write写，动词原形；wrote过去式；writing现在分词；written过去分词。句子结构为“The book...by Han Han is…”，此处需填入一个非谓语动词形式，the book与write之间的关系是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语修饰the book，write的过去分词written。故选D。 综合训练 一．单句语法填空 1．（2025·甘肃平凉·二模）Sarah is looking forward to (learn) something about Dunhuang. 【答案】learning 【详解】句意：Sarah期待着学习一些关于敦煌的知识。根据“Sarah is looking forward to...”以及备选词汇learn可知，此处考查look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”，其中to为介词，后接动名词形式。因此，应将learn变为learning。故填learning。 2．（2025·甘肃平凉·二模）Everyone should play a part in (protect) wild animals. 【答案】protecting 【详解】句意：每个人都应该参与保护野生动物。根据“play a part in”可知，in是介词，后面应该跟动词的ing形式，故填protecting。 3．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Just as a saying goes, to give is better than (take). 【答案】to take 【详解】句意：正如俗话所说，施比受更为有福。根据“to give is better than…”可知这是一个比较句，又因前半句“to give”是不定式形式，后半句“than”后需保持结构平行，故此空也用不定式，故填to take。 4．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）Anybody may have a chance to (success) if he tries his best. 【答案】succeed 【详解】句意：任何人只要尽力，都有机会成功。have a chance to do sth.意为“有机会做某事”，此处应填动词原形，名词success的动词为succeed，意为“成功”，故填succeed。 5．（2025·甘肃张掖·三模）I am looking forward to (show) my wonderful dancing moves at our party. 【答案】showing 【详解】句意：我期待着在我们的聚会上展示我精彩的舞步。look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”，后接动名词形式。故填showing。 6．（25-26九年级上·甘肃平凉·月考）He prefers (stay) at home rather than go out on weekends. 【答案】to stay 【详解】句意：在周末，他宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。stay“待，停留”，动词；固定搭配“prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.”，意为“宁愿做某事也不愿做另一件事”。故填to stay。 7．（2025·吉林通化·模拟预测）The young should do meaningful things instead of (play) with phones all day. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：年轻人应该做些有意义的事，而不是整天玩手机。“instead of”意为“而不是”，为介词短语，后面应接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。此处“玩手机”应为动名词形式。动词play的动名词是playing。故填 playing。 8．（2025·全国·模拟预测）We can never learn to fly without (crash) a few times. 【答案】crashing 【详解】句意：不经历几次坠机，我们永远也学不会飞行。根据“without”可知，此处使用动名词作宾语，crash“坠机”，动名词为crashing。故填crashing。 9．（2025·全国·模拟预测）Millie doesn’t mind (open) the window though it’s quite cold outside. 【答案】opening 【详解】句意：尽管外面很冷，米莉并不介意开窗。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，是固定搭配，用opening。故填opening。 10．（2025·全国·模拟预测）—I won’t mind (go) alone if you don’t have time. —Thanks for your understanding. It is really very nice of you. 【答案】going 【详解】句意：——如果你没时间，我不介意独自前往。——谢谢你的理解，你人真好。 根据“I won’t mind…(go) alone if you don’t have time.”可知，这里是mind doing sth“介意做某事”，此处需填go的动名词形式going，符合语境。故填going。 11．（2025·甘肃武威·一模）I like the books (write) by Lu Xun. 【答案】written 【详解】句意：我喜欢鲁迅写的那些书。根据“the books…by Lu Xun”可知，此处用过去分词作定语修饰books，write应变为过去分词形式written。故填written。 12．（25-26八年级上·全国·课后作业）Listening to music is a good way (relax) after a day’s work. 【答案】to relax 【详解】句意：听音乐是一天工作之后放松的好方法。“a good way to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“做某事的好方法”，所以用动词不定式“to relax”。 故填to relax。 13．（2025·西藏·一模）I think (drink) milk every day is good for our health. 【答案】drinking 【详解】句意：我认为每天喝牛奶对我们的健康有益。空处到“health”的部分位于动词“think”后，为宾语从句，且空处作主语，用动名词形式。drink“喝”，动词，动名词为drinking。故填drinking。 14．（2025·西藏·一模）Jackie isn’t old enough (go) to school. 【答案】to go 【详解】句意：杰基还不够大，不能去上学。形容词+enough to do“足够……可以做……”，空处填动词不定式作结果状语。go“去”，动词，不定式为to go。故填to go。 15．（2014·江苏盐城·二模）When I walked past the office, I notice him____________(argue) with his boss. 【答案】arguing 【详解】分析句意：当我路过邮局的时候，我注意到他和他的老板在吵架。分析：考查固定短语：notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事。故填：arguing 16．（2014·江苏盐城·二模）_______________(keep) slim, you should change your diet and lifestyle. 【答案】to keep 【详解】分析句意：为了保持苗条，你应该改变你的饮食和生活习惯。分析：保持苗条是表示目的，因此用动词不定式的形式。故填：to keep 17．（2022·江苏无锡·一模）My wife advised me to the south, but I couldn’t take her advice. (move) 【答案】to move 【详解】句意：我妻子建议我搬到南方去，但我不能接受她的建议。advise sb. to do sth.意为“建议某人做某事”，固定词组。故填to move。 18．（2022·江苏无锡·一模）Sally doesn’t have to be made (learn). She always works hard. 【答案】to learn 【详解】句意：萨莉不必被迫学习。她总是努力工作。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，变被动时要加to，故填to learn。 19．（2022·江苏无锡·一模）Don’t trouble him. He is busy (repair) my broken bike. 【答案】repairing 【详解】此题重点考查单词的拼写和各种形式的运用。以及对整个语句的理解 20．（2025·甘肃平凉·二模）Jack doesn’t know how (begin) to make new friends. 【答案】to begin 【详解】句意：杰克不知道如何开始结交新朋友。根据“Jack doesn’t know how...to make new friends.”以及备选词汇begin可知，此处考查疑问词+不定式结构，也就是how to do sth.，表示“如何做某事”。因此，应将begin变为to begin。故填to begin。 二．用所给词的正确形式填空 1.There are some____________(different) between the two countries because they have ____________(different) cultures and customs. So, we should behave ____________ (different) in foreign countries. 2.To our ____________(surprise), Lucy decided to get married to Tom though they didn't get on well when they were in high school. In the wedding, everything ___________ (surprise) us. Their love story gave us a big ____________(surprise). And we were ___________ (surprise) that one of the most famous film stars attended their wedding. The most ____________ (surprise)thing was that Lucy's lost dog showed up and gave her a hug during the wedding. 3.He is a good doctor. He is always ____________(patient) with his ___________ (patient) and look them over very ____________(patient). 4.I agree that a _____________(true) friend can share his trouble or happiness with us. For me, a good friend can always _____________(true) care about me and tell me the ____________ (true). 1, differences different, differently2. surprise, surprised, surprise, surprised, surprising3. patient, patients, patiently 4. true, truly, truth 三．语法填空 （2025·湖南长沙·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I have always loved reading books that were written hundreds or even thousands of years ago. These are the literature classics (文学经典), and they 1 (be) of lasting value. For example, The Iliad, written almost three thousand years ago, tells us about the good and bad qualities (品质) of human nature; that is to say, we can be heroic and silly at 2 same time. China has 3 (it) own long history of classical literature that dates back to the “Four Books and Five Classics”. These books 4 (write) before the Qin Dynasty. No one was considered educated unless they had read these classics. Even today, students are encouraged 5 (read) The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). There are also 6 (new) classics than those above, such as Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. Still, many people don’t want to read them 7 they are long and have complex plots (复杂的情节). But they are great 8 (story) which also show the goodness and weakness of human nature. Are you interested 9 learning more about the classics? Just reading some of them will give you a better understanding of the basis (基础) of culture then. They will also help you better understand yourself and others. 10 (slow) but surely, you will fall in love with them. 【答案】 1．are 2．the 3．its 4．were written 5．to read 6．newer 7．because 8．stories 9．in 10．Slowly 【导语】本文讲述了作者之前喜欢读最新出版的书，后来喜欢上读有永久价值的“旧”书的故事。 1．句意：这些便是文学经典之作，它们具有永恒的价值。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，故填are。 2．句意：例如，约三千年前创作的《伊利亚特》一书向我们展示了人性中的善与恶；也就是说，我们有时可以表现出英勇的一面，有时又会显得愚蠢。at the same time“同时”，固定短语，故填the。 3．句意：中国有着悠久的古典文学历史，其源头可追溯至“四书五经”。此处作定语修饰其后的名词短语，用形容词性物主代词形式，故填its。 4．句意：这些书籍是在秦朝之前写成的。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是过去时，主语是复数，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were written。 5．句意：即使在今天，学生们仍被鼓励阅读《论语》这部著作。be encouraged to do sth“被鼓励去做某事”，故填to read。 6．句意：还有比上述作品更新的经典作品，比如《西游记》和《红楼梦》。根据“than”可知，此处应使用比较级，故填newer。 7．句意：不过，仍有许多人不愿去读这些书，因为它们篇幅很长，情节也十分复杂。“they are long and have complex plots”是“many people don’t want to read them”的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 8．句意：但这些都是精彩的故事，同时也展现了人性中的美好与缺陷。根据“they are”可知，此处应使用名词复数形式，故填stories。 9．句意：你是否对了解经典著作感兴趣呢？be interested in“对……感兴趣”，固定短语，故填in。 10．句意：慢慢地但毫无疑问，你会爱上它们的。此处与“surely”并列，使用副词形式，句首需大写首字母，故填Slowly。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $