Unit 1 Period 2 Grammar and activity & Listening and speaking（分层作业）英语沪教版必修第三册

Unit 1 The media Period 2 Grammar and activity & Listening and speaking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 大众传媒______________________________ 2. 对……有影响_____________________________ 3. 吸引某人的注意力_________________________ 4. 值得信赖的消息来源_______________________ 5. 跟上……的步伐__________________________ 6. 就……进行采访__________________________ 7. 避免做某事____________________________ 8. 发表评论____________________________ 9. 有偏见的报道____________________________ 10. 拓宽视野____________________________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. Reporters should keep the a_______ (准确性) of the news they cover. 2. The c_______ (专栏) writer has published many popular articles in the newspaper. 3. We need to a_______ (分析) the data carefully before drawing a conclusion. 4. The new policy has received a lot of c_______ (评论) from the public. 5. The i_______ (采访) with the famous singer will be broadcast tonight. 6. It is important to e_______ (评估) the influence of social media on teenagers. 7. The h_______ (标题) of the article caught my attention immediately. 8. We should respect different p_______ (观点) even if we don’t agree with them. 9. The e_______ (编辑) asked the journalist to rewrite the article. 10. The media has a great r_______ (责任) to guide public opinion. 三、单句语法填空。 1. The journalist was accused of ______ (make) up false news to attract public attention. 2. With so many sources of information available, we should learn to distinguish facts ______ opinions. 3. It is the responsibility of the media ______ (provide) the public with true and reliable news. 4. The number of people who get news from social media ______ (be) increasing rapidly in recent years. 5. ______ (expose) to different kinds of media content, teenagers should develop critical thinking skills. 6. The report ______ (publish) yesterday has caused a heated discussion among the citizens. 7. We suggest that the government ______ (take) measures to regulate the online media market. 8. Not only the journalists but also the editor ______ (blame) for the inaccurate news report. 9. She was so absorbed in the news article that she didn’t notice her friend ______ (stand) beside her. 10. The reason why he chose to be a journalist is ______ he wants to tell the truth to the world. 四、句子翻译 1. 媒体在引导公众舆论方面发挥着重要作用。 2. 这位记者因报道突发事件而闻名全国。 3. 我们应该学会辨别网络上的虚假信息。 4. 报纸和电视是两种传统的新闻传播方式。 5. 随着科技的发展，新媒体正变得越来越受欢迎。 6. 他在采访中透露了这个项目的核心计划。 7. 政府呼吁媒体客观公正地报道事实。 8. 社交媒体的兴起改变了人们获取信息的方式。 9. 这份杂志每周出版一次，深受年轻人喜爱。 10. 我们必须意识到过度使用社交媒体可能带来的危害。 五、语法填空 The media plays such a vital role in our daily lives that it's hard to imagine a world without it. It 1.____ (connect) people across the globe, allowing information 2.____ (spread) within seconds. Over the years, the media 3.____ (undergo) huge changes. From the early newspapers to modern social media platforms, each development has had a profound impact 4.____ society. However, not all information from the media is reliable. Some sources may present biased reports 5.____ (deliberate) to attract more readers or viewers. This is why it's crucial for us to develop critical thinking skills and learn to distinguish facts 6.____ opinions. As responsible media users, we should also avoid 7.____ (share) unconfirmed news, which can cause unnecessary panic. With the rapid development of technology, new forms of media 8.____ (keep) emerging in recent years. For example, podcasts have become increasingly popular, offering people a convenient way to access information while 9.____ (do) other things. It's clear that the media will continue to evolve, and we must adapt to these changes 10.____ (wise) to make the most of its benefits. 六、阅读理解 （上海市华东师范大学第二附中2023-2024学年高一下期中）The life of a journalist can be exciting. To be in constant pursuit of the latest news demands a curiosity that can only be rewarded by getting to “where it is happening” as soon as possible. The goal, of course, is to relate what is happening to the public as clearly as possible. However, every journalist must be careful to report not only a vivid picture of what is happening, but a true picture. Each journalist reports his or her own version of what has taken place. Still, this version must be an actual account if the reporter is to maintain a reliable reputation. In order to get to the truth in some new stories, a reporter must rely on the statements of someone who is on the inside of the situation. Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider’s name. The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed. Because stories of this nature often involve criminal activity, reporting them becomes a dangerous job. This kind of work involved in obtaining news in this summer serves as an inviting situation for the underworld as well as the legal world. Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet. Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will disturb justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider’s name. Rather than be unaccountable to a trusted informant, most reporters will go to jail if need be. Freedom of the press is provided by the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. Impure interpretations of this portion of the constitution cause a small number of reporters to be jailed every year. However, as yet, no amount of legal maneuvering (操纵) has been able to put out this light of freedom set up by our forefathers. All of the reporters refusing to reveal the names of their informants have eventually been released. Devotion of this kind has given journalism its reputation for reliability — a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth. Supplying a truthful account of each day’s occurrence is the serious contract made between reporter and the public. 1．According to the passage, those who give inside information ________. A．are usually under police protection B．do not want their names made public C．are on rare occasions on good terms with reliable reporter D．often have difficulty in protecting their lives 2．Judging by the context, the word “inviting” in paragraph 4 can be replaced by _____. A．scheming B．unknowing C．stirring D．tempting 3．Some reporters are put into prison mainly because ________. A．the courts sometimes misinterpret the First Amendment of the Constitution B．they get inside stories by dishonest means C．they are against the First Amendment of the Constitution D．there is no law in the United States to protect freedom of the press 4．The author implies in the passage that a reliable reporter ________. A．seldom follows the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States B．should be diligent, clever and inventive C．must provide the public with a truthful account as clearly as possible D．must try every means to satisfy the public’s curiosity 七、六选四 （23-24高一下·上海交大附中·期末）Time, What is it? If I were to stop you on the street and say,“ Excuse me, what time is it?” what would you do? You’d probably look at your watch and say, “ It’s a quarter to three,” or some such thing. 1 But if I were to stop you on the street and say the same words but in a different order, “ Time, what is it?” you’d probably look at me as if I were crazy. What is time? How would you define it? For centuries, philosophers and wise men have tried to explain time. Saint Augustine once tried to answer this question. He said: “For what is time? Who is able easily and briefly to explain it? …Surely we understand well enough when we speak of it. What then is time? If nobody asks me, I know; but if I were desirous to explain it to someone — plainly I know not.” 2 Sir Isaac Newton said that time was absolute, that it occurred whether the universe was here or not. Leibnitz came along and turned Newton’s definition upside down. He said, “ Time is merely the order of events, not an entity itself.” Albert Einstein followed Leibnitz, and made the statement that “ Time has no independent existence apart from the order of events by which we measure it.” 3 He said the train does not arrive at the station at 7 :00 PM; the train arrives at the station at the same moment the little hand reaches seven. 4 Everything is an event. Reading this book is an event. Getting out of bed this morning is an event. Driving your car is an event. Arriving at work is an event. Your phone ringing is an event. Eating lunch is an event.  I was in New York doing a time management seminar for Merrill Lynch executives, when a fellow handed me a card on which he had written his definition of time: “Time is what keeps one damned thing after another from becoming every damned thing at once.” Ben Franklin said, “ Dost thou love life? Then do not squander (挥霍) time, for that’s the stuff life is made of.” If this is true, then controlling your life means controlling your time, and controlling your time means controlling the events in your life. A．The astute Augustine obviously wasn’t much help on this matter. B．The definition from the dictionary says: “Time is the occurrence of events in sequence, one after the other.” C．He then developed an idea called “simultaneous events.” D．Time is what is happening now and will happen in the future replace what happened in the past E．In America we don’t usually stop people on the street and ask them philosophical questions. F．If we waste time, how can we say we love our lives? 八、完形填空 （上海市华东师范大学第二附中2023-2024学年高一下期中）Dogs Bow to Wolves as Cooperators If you need help herding some sheep or retrieving a stick, you can count on your canine companion, because dogs always seem to be keen on 1 . But only if their partner is a person. When it comes to cooperating with one another, dogs are truly 2 … and instead it’s wolves who’ve mastered the art of teamwork. That’s according to a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. For thousands of years, humans have been breeding dogs that can do all sorts of neat tricks. And because pups aim to please, we’ve come to think that domestication has somehow 3 dogs’ powers of cooperation. But researchers in Austria have been wondering whether that notion could be barking up the wrong tree. Because left to their own devices, dogs are bigger 4 than wolves. “So wolves live in 5 family packs, they cooperate in raising the young, they also cooperate in hunting and in defending their territory. So they really have a strong 6 on cooperation in many aspects of their lives. 7 , free ranging dogs actually seek food mostly by themselves. It’s only mothers that raise their young. And they do form packs but they tend to be somewhat more 8 , if you want.” That’s Sarah Marshall-Pescini of the Wolf Science Center at the University of Vienna. She and her colleagues decided to test dogs’ and wolves’ 9 powers of cooperation. In the setup, a pair of animals… either two dogs or two wolves… is 10 with a contraption (装置) that will allow the participants to 11 a tray of food… but only if both members of the team simultaneously pull on the two ends of a rope. A dozen wolves and 14 dogs took the challenge. And the results? The wolves ran circles around their doggie descendants. In some 400 attempts, the wolf teams 12 a snack 100 times, which may not sound all that impressive until you compare it with the doggie couples, who, in nearly 500 trials, succeeded only twice. Now, it’s not that dogs are less earnest learners. Or that they turned tail and avoided the apparatus (装置). Marshall-Pescini says the pooches (杂种狗) were 13 about the device. “What seemed to be happening was that they didn’t want to get into conflict with each other. So they wouldn’t both go and try things on it but rather took it 14 . And this really set back their capacity to cooperate.” So rather than step on each other’s toes, the dogs took turns bowing out, giving their teammate a chance at the plate. That show of social grace left the poor pups with their tummies growling. And no 15 to enjoy. 1．A．lending a paw B．grabbing a bite C．making a mess D．taking a stand 2．A．lost B．skilled C．decisive D．confident 3．A．disturbed B．boosted C．preferred D．affected 4．A．remedies B．winners C．companions D．loners 5．A．closely knit B．hard won C．locally sourced D．well regulated 6．A．burden B．basis C．mark D．dependence 7．A．In contrast B．In particular C．In reality D．Strangely yet 8．A．exceptional B．hesitant C．inseparable D．loose 9．A．relevant B．related C．relative D．combined 10．A．equipped B．presented C．crowned D．lined 11．A．serve B．access C．trap D．fetch 12．A．handled B．threw C．spotted D．scored 13．A．bored B．stressful C．curious D．upset 14．A．in turns B．in balance C．at ease D．in order 15．A．treat B．delight C．pleasure D．sight 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 1 The media Period 2 Grammar and activity & Listening and speaking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 大众传媒______________________________ 2. 对……有影响_____________________________ 3. 吸引某人的注意力_________________________ 4. 值得信赖的消息来源_______________________ 5. 跟上……的步伐__________________________ 6. 就……进行采访__________________________ 7. 避免做某事____________________________ 8. 发表评论____________________________ 9. 有偏见的报道____________________________ 10. 拓宽视野____________________________ 【答案】 1. mass media ◦ 解析：固定短语，media 是 medium 的复数形式，指“传播媒介”，mass 表示“大众的”，这是该单元核心主题词汇。 2. have an influence on / have an effect on ◦ 解析：influence 和 effect 均可作名词，与介词 on 搭配；若用动词，可表达为 influence sb/sth。 3. catch one’s attention / attract one’s attention ◦ 解析：两个短语同义，attention 为不可数名词，不能加 s；catch 更口语化，attract 更正式，适合听说与写作场景。 4. a reliable source of information ◦ 解析：reliable = trustworthy（值得信赖的），source 表示“来源”，“消息来源”的固定表达，注意介词用 of。 5. keep up with ◦ 解析：强调“跟上（动态的变化、节奏）”，如 keep up with the latest news（跟上最新消息），区别于 catch up with（侧重于“追上落后的人或物”）。 6. do an interview on / conduct an interview on ◦ 解析：interview 可作名词或动词，do/conduct an interview on 是“就某主题采访”的常用搭配；若表达“采访某人”，用 interview sb。 7. avoid doing sth ◦ 解析：avoid 是及物动词，后接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式，这是该课时语法重点（动名词的用法）。 8. make comments / comment on sth ◦ 解析：comment 作名词时常用复数形式；作动词时是不及物动词，需搭配介词 on 再接宾语。 9. biased reporting ◦ 解析：biased 是形容词，意为“有偏见的”，对应 unbiased（无偏见的）；reporting 为不可数名词，指“新闻报道”。 10. broaden one’s horizons ◦ 解析：固定搭配，horizon 常用复数形式，意为“视野、眼界”，同义短语还有 expand one’s horizons。 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. Reporters should keep the a_______ (准确性) of the news they cover. 2. The c_______ (专栏) writer has published many popular articles in the newspaper. 3. We need to a_______ (分析) the data carefully before drawing a conclusion. 4. The new policy has received a lot of c_______ (评论) from the public. 5. The i_______ (采访) with the famous singer will be broadcast tonight. 6. It is important to e_______ (评估) the influence of social media on teenagers. 7. The h_______ (标题) of the article caught my attention immediately. 8. We should respect different p_______ (观点) even if we don’t agree with them. 9. The e_______ (编辑) asked the journalist to rewrite the article. 10. The media has a great r_______ (责任) to guide public opinion. 【答案】 1. accuracy 解析：名词，意为“准确性”，对应形容词 accurate。本题考查固定搭配 keep the accuracy of sth.（保证某物的准确性），是新闻行业的核心词汇。 2. column 解析：名词，意为“专栏”，column writer 即“专栏作家”。该词在听力材料中常用来指代报纸的特定板块。 3. analyse/analyze 解析：动词，英式拼写为 analyse，美式拼写为 analyze。本题考查语法中的动词不定式结构 need to do sth.，语境是对新闻数据的分析。 4. comments 解析：名词复数形式，意为“评论”。固定搭配 receive comments from sb.（收到某人的评论），口语中也常用 make comments on sth.。 5. interview 解析：名词，意为“采访”，也可作动词。听力场景中常出现“conduct an interview（进行采访）”的表达，本题考查其名词用法。 6. evaluate 解析：动词，意为“评估、评价”。该词在语法填空和写作中高频出现，其后可接名词或宾语从句，如 evaluate the effect of...。 7. headline 解析：名词，意为“标题”，特指新闻、文章的标题。口语中常用 catch one’s eye with a headline（用标题吸引某人注意）。 8. perspectives 解析：名词复数形式，意为“观点、看法”，比 opinions 更正式。该词在讨论媒体话题时常用，对应短语 from different perspectives（从不同角度）。 9. editor 解析：名词，意为“编辑”，对应动词 edit（编辑）。新闻行业相关词汇，常与 journalist（记者）搭配出现。 10. responsibility 解析：名词，意为“责任”，固定搭配 have a responsibility to do sth.（有责任做某事）。本题贴合单元主题，强调媒体的社会责任。 三、单句语法填空。 1. The journalist was accused of ______ (make) up false news to attract public attention. 2. With so many sources of information available, we should learn to distinguish facts ______ opinions. 3. It is the responsibility of the media ______ (provide) the public with true and reliable news. 4. The number of people who get news from social media ______ (be) increasing rapidly in recent years. 5. ______ (expose) to different kinds of media content, teenagers should develop critical thinking skills. 6. The report ______ (publish) yesterday has caused a heated discussion among the citizens. 7. We suggest that the government ______ (take) measures to regulate the online media market. 8. Not only the journalists but also the editor ______ (blame) for the inaccurate news report. 9. She was so absorbed in the news article that she didn’t notice her friend ______ (stand) beside her. 10. The reason why he chose to be a journalist is ______ he wants to tell the truth to the world. 【答案】 1. making 解析：介词of后接动词-ing形式作宾语，accuse sb. of doing sth. 意为“指控某人做某事”。 2. from 解析：固定搭配distinguish A from B，意为“区分A和B”。 3. to provide 解析：it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构，即It is one’s responsibility to do sth. 4. has been 解析：the number of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；时间状语in recent years 常与现在完成时连用。 5. Exposed 解析：此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语teenagers与expose之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，be exposed to 意为“接触；暴露于”。 6. published 解析：过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the report，report与publish之间是被动关系，且动作已完成。 7. (should) take 解析：suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，结构为(should) + 动词原形。 8. is to blame 解析：not only...but also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，与the editor保持一致；be to blame 意为“应受责备”，主动形式表被动含义。 9. standing 解析：notice sb. doing sth. 意为“注意到某人正在做某事”，此处强调动作正在进行。 10. that 解析：固定句型The reason why...is that...，其中that引导表语从句，不能省略。 四、句子翻译 1. 媒体在引导公众舆论方面发挥着重要作用。 2. 这位记者因报道突发事件而闻名全国。 3. 我们应该学会辨别网络上的虚假信息。 4. 报纸和电视是两种传统的新闻传播方式。 5. 随着科技的发展，新媒体正变得越来越受欢迎。 6. 他在采访中透露了这个项目的核心计划。 7. 政府呼吁媒体客观公正地报道事实。 8. 社交媒体的兴起改变了人们获取信息的方式。 9. 这份杂志每周出版一次，深受年轻人喜爱。 10. 我们必须意识到过度使用社交媒体可能带来的危害。 【答案】 1. 答案：The media plays an important role in guiding public opinion. 解析：media 是集合名词，作主语时谓语动词可用单数；固定搭配 play a role in doing sth. 表示“在做某事方面发挥作用”；public opinion 意为“公众舆论”。 2. 答案：The journalist is famous nationwide for covering sudden events. 解析：固定搭配 be famous for doing sth. 表示“因做某事而出名”；sudden events 对应“突发事件”；nationwide 作副词，意为“在全国范围内”。 3. 答案：We should learn to distinguish false information on the Internet. 解析：情态动词 should 后接动词原形；distinguish 意为“辨别、区分”，后直接接宾语；false information 表示“虚假信息”。 4. 答案：Newspapers and TV are two traditional ways of spreading news. 解析：主语为复数概念，谓语动词用 are；ways of doing sth. 表示“做某事的方式”；spreading news 对应“新闻传播”。 5. 答案：With the development of technology, new media is becoming more and more popular. 解析：with the development of... 是常用介词短语，意为“随着……的发展”；more and more popular 表示“越来越受欢迎”，现在进行时体现趋势。 6. 答案：He revealed the core plan of the project in the interview. 解析：reveal 意为“透露、揭露”，后接宾语；core plan 表示“核心计划”；in the interview 是固定搭配，意为“在采访中”。 7. 答案：The government calls on the media to report facts objectively and fairly. 解析：固定搭配 call on sb. to do sth. 表示“呼吁某人做某事”；objectively and fairly 是副词短语，修饰动词 report。 8. 答案：The rise of social media has changed the way people obtain information. 解析：the rise of... 意为“……的兴起”，作主语时谓语动词用单数；定语从句 people obtain information 修饰先行词 the way，关系词可省略。 9. 答案：This magazine is published once a week and is popular with young people. 解析：magazine 与 publish 是被动关系，用 is published；once a week 表示“每周一次”；固定搭配 be popular with 意为“受……欢迎”。 10. 答案：We must realize the potential harm that excessive use of social media may bring. 解析：must 后接动词原形；定语从句 that excessive use of social media may bring 修饰先行词 the potential harm；excessive use 表示“过度使用”。 五、语法填空 The media plays such a vital role in our daily lives that it's hard to imagine a world without it. It 1.____ (connect) people across the globe, allowing information 2.____ (spread) within seconds. Over the years, the media 3.____ (undergo) huge changes. From the early newspapers to modern social media platforms, each development has had a profound impact 4.____ society. However, not all information from the media is reliable. Some sources may present biased reports 5.____ (deliberate) to attract more readers or viewers. This is why it's crucial for us to develop critical thinking skills and learn to distinguish facts 6.____ opinions. As responsible media users, we should also avoid 7.____ (share) unconfirmed news, which can cause unnecessary panic. With the rapid development of technology, new forms of media 8.____ (keep) emerging in recent years. For example, podcasts have become increasingly popular, offering people a convenient way to access information while 9.____ (do) other things. It's clear that the media will continue to evolve, and we must adapt to these changes 10.____ (wise) to make the most of its benefits. 【答案】 1. connects 2. to spread 3. has undergone 4. on 5. deliberately 6. from 7. sharing 8. have been keeping 9. doing 10. wisely 1. connects ◦ 语法点：一般现在时表客观事实；主语 the media 此处视为单数概念（强调整体）。 ◦ 句意：它将全球的人们联系在一起，让信息在几秒钟内传播。 2. to spread ◦ 语法点：非谓语动词，allow sb./sth. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“允许……做某事”。 3. has undergone ◦ 语法点：现在完成时；时间状语 over the years 表示“多年来”，是现在完成时的标志词；主语 the media 为单数。 ◦ 句意：多年来，媒体已经经历了巨大的变化。 4. on ◦ 语法点：固定搭配 have an impact on...，意为“对……产生影响”。 5. deliberately ◦ 语法点：副词修饰动词；此处用 deliberate 的副词形式 deliberately 修饰动词 present，表示“故意呈现”。 6. from ◦ 语法点：固定搭配 distinguish A from B，意为“区分A和B”。 ◦ 句意：这就是为什么培养批判性思维能力、学会区分事实和观点对我们来说至关重要。 7. sharing ◦ 语法点：非谓语动词，avoid doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”。 8. have been keeping ◦ 语法点：现在完成进行时；时间状语 in recent years 结合语境“新的媒体形式持续出现”，用现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性。 ◦ 句意：随着科技的快速发展，近年来新的媒体形式不断涌现。 9. doing ◦ 语法点：非谓语动词，while 引导的时间状语从句省略了主语和be动词，完整形式为 while (they are) doing other things，逻辑主语与主句一致。 10. wisely ◦ 语法点：副词修饰动词；此处用 wise 的副词形式 wisely 修饰动词 adapt，表示“明智地适应”。 六、阅读理解 （上海市华东师范大学第二附中2023-2024学年高一下期中）The life of a journalist can be exciting. To be in constant pursuit of the latest news demands a curiosity that can only be rewarded by getting to “where it is happening” as soon as possible. The goal, of course, is to relate what is happening to the public as clearly as possible. However, every journalist must be careful to report not only a vivid picture of what is happening, but a true picture. Each journalist reports his or her own version of what has taken place. Still, this version must be an actual account if the reporter is to maintain a reliable reputation. In order to get to the truth in some new stories, a reporter must rely on the statements of someone who is on the inside of the situation. Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider’s name. The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed. Because stories of this nature often involve criminal activity, reporting them becomes a dangerous job. This kind of work involved in obtaining news in this summer serves as an inviting situation for the underworld as well as the legal world. Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet. Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will disturb justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider’s name. Rather than be unaccountable to a trusted informant, most reporters will go to jail if need be. Freedom of the press is provided by the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. Impure interpretations of this portion of the constitution cause a small number of reporters to be jailed every year. However, as yet, no amount of legal maneuvering (操纵) has been able to put out this light of freedom set up by our forefathers. All of the reporters refusing to reveal the names of their informants have eventually been released. Devotion of this kind has given journalism its reputation for reliability — a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth. Supplying a truthful account of each day’s occurrence is the serious contract made between reporter and the public. 1．According to the passage, those who give inside information ________. A．are usually under police protection B．do not want their names made public C．are on rare occasions on good terms with reliable reporter D．often have difficulty in protecting their lives 2．Judging by the context, the word “inviting” in paragraph 4 can be replaced by _____. A．scheming B．unknowing C．stirring D．tempting 3．Some reporters are put into prison mainly because ________. A．the courts sometimes misinterpret the First Amendment of the Constitution B．they get inside stories by dishonest means C．they are against the First Amendment of the Constitution D．there is no law in the United States to protect freedom of the press 4．The author implies in the passage that a reliable reporter ________. A．seldom follows the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States B．should be diligent, clever and inventive C．must provide the public with a truthful account as clearly as possible D．must try every means to satisfy the public’s curiosity 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了作为一名记者，尽管令人兴奋，但每个记者都必须注意生动地报道所发生的事情。此外，他们后面应该有一幅真实的画面。记者必须依靠在场人员的陈述，才能了解一些新闻报道的真相。正是奉献精神使新闻业以可靠性著称。 1．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider’s name. The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed. (通常情况下，只有在记者承诺绝不透露知情人姓名的情况下，知情人才会与记者交谈。知情人通常威胁说，如果他或她的名字被披露，他或她永远不会承认与记者见面)”可知，根据这篇文章，提供内幕消息的人不希望他们的名字被公开。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。文章第四段inviting下文讲到“Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet. Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will disturb justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider’s name. (黑社会的成员想知道知情人是谁，这样他们就可以让他或她保持沉默。法律界的成员声称，如果记者不披露知情者的姓名，他或她将扰乱司法公正。)”可知，黑社会和法律界都想知道知情人是谁，这对他们很有吸引力。因此。第四段中的“inviting”一词的意思是“诱人的,吸引人的”，可以用tempting“吸引人的”来替换。故选D。 3．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Impure interpretations of this portion of the constitution cause a small number of reporters to be jailed every year (对宪法这一部分的不公正解释每年都会导致少数记者入狱)”可知，有些记者被关进监狱主要是因为法院有时会曲解宪法第一修正案。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Devotion of this kind has given journalism its reputation for reliability—a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth. Supplying a truthful account of each day’s occurrence is the serious contract made between reporter and the public (这种奉献精神让新闻业赢得了可靠的声誉—这种可靠性是每个记者在寻求真相时都应该坚持的。如实报道每天发生的事情是记者和公众之间的严肃契约)”可知，作者在文章中暗示，一个可靠的记者必须尽可能清楚地向公众提供真实的解释。故选C。 七、六选四 （23-24高一下·上海交大附中·期末）Time, What is it? If I were to stop you on the street and say,“ Excuse me, what time is it?” what would you do? You’d probably look at your watch and say, “ It’s a quarter to three,” or some such thing. 1 But if I were to stop you on the street and say the same words but in a different order, “ Time, what is it?” you’d probably look at me as if I were crazy. What is time? How would you define it? For centuries, philosophers and wise men have tried to explain time. Saint Augustine once tried to answer this question. He said: “For what is time? Who is able easily and briefly to explain it? …Surely we understand well enough when we speak of it. What then is time? If nobody asks me, I know; but if I were desirous to explain it to someone — plainly I know not.” 2 Sir Isaac Newton said that time was absolute, that it occurred whether the universe was here or not. Leibnitz came along and turned Newton’s definition upside down. He said, “ Time is merely the order of events, not an entity itself.” Albert Einstein followed Leibnitz, and made the statement that “ Time has no independent existence apart from the order of events by which we measure it.” 3 He said the train does not arrive at the station at 7 :00 PM; the train arrives at the station at the same moment the little hand reaches seven. 4 Everything is an event. Reading this book is an event. Getting out of bed this morning is an event. Driving your car is an event. Arriving at work is an event. Your phone ringing is an event. Eating lunch is an event.  I was in New York doing a time management seminar for Merrill Lynch executives, when a fellow handed me a card on which he had written his definition of time: “Time is what keeps one damned thing after another from becoming every damned thing at once.” Ben Franklin said, “ Dost thou love life? Then do not squander (挥霍) time, for that’s the stuff life is made of.” If this is true, then controlling your life means controlling your time, and controlling your time means controlling the events in your life. A．The astute Augustine obviously wasn’t much help on this matter. B．The definition from the dictionary says: “Time is the occurrence of events in sequence, one after the other.” C．He then developed an idea called “simultaneous events.” D．Time is what is happening now and will happen in the future replace what happened in the past E．In America we don’t usually stop people on the street and ask them philosophical questions. F．If we waste time, how can we say we love our lives? 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了时间的定义以及我们该如何控制时间。 1．根据上文“If I were to stop you on the street and say,“ Excuse me, what time is it? ””（如果我在街上拦住你说：“对不起，现在几点了？”“你会怎么做？”）引出话题，提到在街上拦住你问你时间。以及下文“But if I were to stop you on the street and say the same words but in a different order, “ Time, what is it? ””（但是如果我在街上拦住你，用不同的顺序说同样的话：“时间，它是什么？”）转折提到在街上拦住你的另外一种情况。结合选项E项In America we don’t usually stop people on the street and ask them philosophical questions.（在美国，我们通常不会在街上拦住人，问他们一些哲学问题。）可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 2．根据上文“Saint Augustine once tried to answer this question. He said: “For what is time? Who is able easily and briefly to explain it? …Surely we understand well enough when we speak of it. What then is time? If nobody asks me, I know; but if I were desirous to explain it to someone — plainly I know not. ””（圣奥古斯丁曾经试图回答这个问题。他说：“时间是为了什么？谁能简单扼要地解释一下？当然，当我们谈论它的时候，我们是很清楚的。那么时间是什么呢？如果没有人问我，我知道；但如果我想要向别人解释的话——老实说，我不知道。”）提到圣奥古斯丁也不知道如何向别人解释。结合选项A项The astute Augustine obviously wasn’t much help on this matter.（精明的奥古斯丁显然在这件事上帮不上什么忙。）可知，和上文内容意思相关，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进。故选A项。 3．根据上文“Albert Einstein followed Leibnitz, and made the statement that “ Time has no independent existence apart from the order of events by which we measure it. ””（阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦遵循莱布尼茨的说法，他说：“除了我们衡量时间的事件顺序之外，时间没有独立的存在。”）提到时间的事件顺序。以及下文“He said the train does not arrive at the station at 7 :00 PM; the train arrives at the station at the same moment the little hand reaches seven.”（他说火车晚上7点还没有到站；火车到达车站的同时，指针小手也到达了7。）说明时间是现在和将来发生的事情。结合选项D项Time is what is happening now and will happen in the future replace what happened in the past.（时间是现在和将来发生的事情，而不是过去发生的事情。）可知，和上下文内容意思一致，都是讲的时间的顺序性，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选D项。 4．根据下文“Everything is an event.”（一切都是事件。）以及“I was in New York doing a time management seminar for Merrill Lynch executives, when a fellow handed me a card on which he had written his definition of time: “Time is what keeps one damned thing after another from becoming every damned thing at once.””（我在纽约为美林(Merrill Lynch)的高管们举办时间管理研讨会时，一位同事递给我一张卡片，上面写着他对时间的定义：“时间是阻止一件该死的事情接着另一件该死的事情同时变成另一件该死的事情的东西。”）可知，该段主要讲的是时间是事件相继发生的顺序。结合选项B项The definition from the dictionary says: “Time is the occurrence of events in sequence, one after the other.”（ 字典上的定义是：“时间是事件相继发生的顺序。”）可知，和该段意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选B项。 八、完形填空 （上海市华东师范大学第二附中2023-2024学年高一下期中）Dogs Bow to Wolves as Cooperators If you need help herding some sheep or retrieving a stick, you can count on your canine companion, because dogs always seem to be keen on 1 . But only if their partner is a person. When it comes to cooperating with one another, dogs are truly 2 … and instead it’s wolves who’ve mastered the art of teamwork. That’s according to a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. For thousands of years, humans have been breeding dogs that can do all sorts of neat tricks. And because pups aim to please, we’ve come to think that domestication has somehow 3 dogs’ powers of cooperation. But researchers in Austria have been wondering whether that notion could be barking up the wrong tree. Because left to their own devices, dogs are bigger 4 than wolves. “So wolves live in 5 family packs, they cooperate in raising the young, they also cooperate in hunting and in defending their territory. So they really have a strong 6 on cooperation in many aspects of their lives. 7 , free ranging dogs actually seek food mostly by themselves. It’s only mothers that raise their young. And they do form packs but they tend to be somewhat more 8 , if you want.” That’s Sarah Marshall-Pescini of the Wolf Science Center at the University of Vienna. She and her colleagues decided to test dogs’ and wolves’ 9 powers of cooperation. In the setup, a pair of animals… either two dogs or two wolves… is 10 with a contraption (装置) that will allow the participants to 11 a tray of food… but only if both members of the team simultaneously pull on the two ends of a rope. A dozen wolves and 14 dogs took the challenge. And the results? The wolves ran circles around their doggie descendants. In some 400 attempts, the wolf teams 12 a snack 100 times, which may not sound all that impressive until you compare it with the doggie couples, who, in nearly 500 trials, succeeded only twice. Now, it’s not that dogs are less earnest learners. Or that they turned tail and avoided the apparatus (装置). Marshall-Pescini says the pooches (杂种狗) were 13 about the device. “What seemed to be happening was that they didn’t want to get into conflict with each other. So they wouldn’t both go and try things on it but rather took it 14 . And this really set back their capacity to cooperate.” So rather than step on each other’s toes, the dogs took turns bowing out, giving their teammate a chance at the plate. That show of social grace left the poor pups with their tummies growling. And no 15 to enjoy. 1．A．lending a paw B．grabbing a bite C．making a mess D．taking a stand 2．A．lost B．skilled C．decisive D．confident 3．A．disturbed B．boosted C．preferred D．affected 4．A．remedies B．winners C．companions D．loners 5．A．closely knit B．hard won C．locally sourced D．well regulated 6．A．burden B．basis C．mark D．dependence 7．A．In contrast B．In particular C．In reality D．Strangely yet 8．A．exceptional B．hesitant C．inseparable D．loose 9．A．relevant B．related C．relative D．combined 10．A．equipped B．presented C．crowned D．lined 11．A．serve B．access C．trap D．fetch 12．A．handled B．threw C．spotted D．scored 13．A．bored B．stressful C．curious D．upset 14．A．in turns B．in balance C．at ease D．in order 15．A．treat B．delight C．pleasure D．sight 【答案】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了狗和狼在合作能力上的差异。研究发现，尽管狗在与人类合作时表现出色，但当它们与其他狗合作时，其合作能力远不如狼。另一项实验的结果表明，狼的合作成功率远高于狗，因为狗为避免与同伴发生冲突，选择轮流尝试，这阻碍了它们的合作能力。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你需要帮忙放羊或捡回一根棍子，你可以指望你的狗狗伴侣，因为狗狗似乎总是热衷于伸出援爪。A. lending a paw伸出援爪；B. grab a bite吃点东西；C. make a mess弄得一团糟；D. take a stand表明立场。根据上文“If you need help herding some sheep or retrieving a stick, you can count on your canine companion”可知，狗狗会帮助人放羊或捡回一根棍子，因此此处指它们热衷于伸出援爪。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当涉及到彼此合作时，狗狗真的会不知所措……相反，狼掌握了团队合作的艺术。A. lost不知所措的；B. skilled熟练的；C. decisive果断的；D. confident自信的。根据上文“But only if their partner is a person.”可知，此处有转折，表明狗狗的合作对象仅限于人，因此涉及到彼此合作时，它们会不知所措。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为幼犬的目标是取悦，我们开始认为驯化在某种程度上增强了狗的合作能力。A. disturbed扰乱；B. boosted增强；C. preferred偏爱；D. affected影响。根据上文“because pups aim to please”可知，幼犬倾向于取悦于人，我们会认为驯化在某种程度上增强了狗的合作能力。故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为如果放任自流，狗比狼更不合群。A. remedies补救措施；B. winners获胜者；C. companions同伴；D. loners不合群的动物。根据上文“and instead it’s wolves who’ve mastered the art of teamwork”可知，狼掌握了团队合作的艺术，因此与狼相比，狗更不合群。故选D。 5．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：所以狼生活在紧密相连的家庭群体中，它们合作抚养幼崽，也合作狩猎和保卫自己的领土。A. closely knit紧密相连的；B. hard won来之不易的；C. locally sourced本地采购的；D. well regulated管理良好的。根据上文“and instead it’s wolves who’ve mastered the art of teamwork”可知，狼掌握了团队合作的艺术，因此它们是生活在紧密相连的家庭群体中。故选A。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以它们在生活的很多方面都非常依赖合作。A. burden负担；B. basis基础；C. mark标记；D. dependence依赖。根据上文“they cooperate in raising the young, they also cooperate in hunting and in defending their territory”可知，狼合作抚养幼崽，也合作狩猎和保卫自己的领土，因此非常依赖合作。故选D。 7．考查固定短语辨析。句意：相比之下，自由放养的狗实际上大多是自己寻找食物。A. In contrast相比之下；B. In particular尤其；C. In reality实际上；D. Strangely yet但奇怪的是。根据前两句是介绍狼在很多方面都进行合作，以及下文“free ranging dogs actually seek food mostly by themselves”可知，此处是把狗和狼进行对比，应用In contrast“相比之下”引出对狗在合作方面的描述。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们确实会成群结队，但如果你愿意的话，它们往往会更松散。A. exceptional卓越的；B. hesitant犹豫的；C. inseparable不可分割的；D. loose松散的。根据上文“And they do form packs but”可知，此处有转折，表示狗虽然会成群结队，但它们往往会更松散。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她和她的同事们决定测试狗和狼的相对合作能力。A. relevant相关的；B. related有关的；C. relative相对的；D. combined结合的。根据上文“test dogs’ and wolves’”可推知，是测试狗和狼的相对合作能力，进行比较。故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在实验中，一对动物——要么是两只狗，要么是两只狼——面前摆着一个装置，参与者可以获得一盘食物，但前提是团队的两名成员同时拉动绳子的两端。A. equipped配备；B. presented呈现；C. crowned为……加冕；D. lined沿……形成行/列。根据下文“but only if both members of the team simultaneously pull on the two ends of a rope”可知，团队的两名成员需要同时拉动绳子的两端，由此可知，这个装置是呈现在它们面前。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在实验中，一对动物——要么是两只狗，要么是两只狼——面前摆着一个装置，参与者可以获得一盘食物，但前提是团队的两名成员同时拉动绳子的两端。A. serve为……服务；B. access获取；C. trap设陷阱捕捉；D. fetch取来。根据下文“but only if both members of the team simultaneously pull on the two ends of a rope”可知，这对动物是通过同时拉动绳子的两端来启动该装置，从而获取一盘食物。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大约400次尝试中，狼组赢得了100次零食，这听起来可能并不那么令人印象深刻，直到你将它与狗狗组进行比较，狗狗组在近500次尝试中只成功了两次。A. handled处理；B. threw扔；C. spotted发现；D. scored赢得。根据下文“That show of social grace left the poor pups with their tummies growling.”可知，狗狗组因为谦让而没法吃到食物，由此可知，此处指狼组赢得了100次零食。故选D。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Marshall-Pescini说，狗狗们对这个装置很好奇。A. bored无聊的；B. stressful有压力的；C. curious好奇的；D. upset心烦意乱的。根据下文“So they wouldn’t both go and try things on it”可知，狗狗们对这个装置很好奇。故选C。 14．考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以它们不会都去尝试，而是轮流做。A. in turns轮流；B. in balance平衡；C. at ease自在；D. in order有序地。根据下文“So rather than step on each other’s toes, the dogs took turns bowing out”可知，它们是轮流去尝试。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也没有什么美味好享受的。A. treat美味佳肴；B. delight高兴；C. pleasure快乐；D. sight视力。根据上文“That show of social grace left the poor pups with their tummies growling.”可知，狗狗组因为谦让而饥肠辘辘，因此是没享受到美味。故选A。 $