第02讲 必修第三册 Unit 2 Natural disasters （寒假预习讲义）高一英语译林版

第02讲 Unit 2 Natural disasters (必修三) 单元教学目标 维 度 教 学 目 标 核 心 素 养 语言能力 掌握自然灾害相关的核心词汇与表达；学习描述自然灾害事件；能完成关于灾害经历描述或防灾指南的短文写作。 文化意识 了解不同地区常见自然灾害及应对方式，理解灾害背后的自然与人文因素；培养防灾意识、互助精神及尊重自然规律的科学态度。 思维品质 分析灾害报道、科普文章等文本的结构与语言特点；能区分事实描述与情感表达，理性看待灾害成因与影响，并能有逻辑地陈述个人见解或防灾建议。 学习能力 通过小组合作，搜集、整理自然灾害案例或防灾知识，制作一份防灾宣传海报或电子简报，并尝试用英语进行展示交流。 重点知识与技能简表 项目 核心内容 重点单词 disaster, injure, crash, flood, destructive, shock, occur, erupt, signal, procedure, supply, relief, donate, typhoon, power 必备词组 at large, safe and sound, keep one's head, run out of, take the form of, break out, far and wide, hold on to, It occurred to sb. that… inform sb. of 课文预习 完成课文相关阅读理解试题 基础语法 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 写作应用 Caught in a flood 读后续写 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊◄ 重点单词 ► ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊ 一、 朗读生词表，根据中文提示，写出以下单词。 1. n. 灾难，灾害 disaster 2. vt. 伤害，使受伤 injure 3. n. 碰撞，崩溃 vi. & vt. 撞击，崩溃 crash 4. n. 洪水 vt. & vi. 淹没 flood 5. adj. 破坏性的 destructive 6. n. 剧烈震动；震惊 vt. 使震惊 shock 7. vi. 发生，出现 occur 8. vi. & vt. (火山)爆发 erupt 9. n. 信号 vi. & vt. 发信号 signal 10. n. 程序，步骤（应急程序） procedure 11. n. 补给品 vt. 供应（救灾物资） supply 12. n. 救济；减轻（救灾） relief 13. vt. 捐赠，赠送 donate 14. n. 台风 typhoon 15. n. 电力，能量（常因灾害中断） power 二、用以上单词完成句子。 1. The earthquake and tsunami are considered one of the most severe natural ________ in the country’s modern history. 【答案】disaster 【详解】句意为“这次地震和海啸被认为是该国现代史上最严重的自然之一。”根据“one of the most severe natural ________”的语境，此处需要一个可数名词单数形式，与“natural”共同构成表示自然灾害的常见搭配“natural disaster”。 2. The collapsed building during the earthquake could potentially ________ many people trapped inside. 【答案】injure 【详解】句意为“地震中倒塌的建筑可能会________许多被困在里面的人。”根据“could potentially”的语境，需要动词原形作谓语，表示对人身造成伤害，应填入表示“使受伤”的动词injure。 3. Residents heard a loud ________ as the strong wind uprooted the huge tree, which then fell onto a car. 【答案】crash 【详解】句意为“大风将大树连根拔起砸到车上时，居民们听到了一声巨大的________。”根据“heard a loud”的语境，需要一个可数名词单数形式，描述物体猛烈撞击时发出的巨大声响，应填入表示“碰撞声”的名词crash。 4. After days of heavy rain, the river burst its banks and began to ________ the nearby villages. 【答案】flood 【详解】句意为“连日暴雨后，河堤决口，开始________附近的村庄。”根据“began to”的语境，需要动词原形作不定式，表示河水溢出、淹没的行为，应填入表示“淹没”的动词flood。 5. The hurricane's ________ winds tore roofs off houses and broke trees like matchsticks. 【答案】destructive 【详解】句意为“飓风的________风把屋顶掀翻，像折断火柴棍一样把树木折断。”根据“________ winds”的语境，需要一个形容词来修饰“风（winds）”，描述其具有巨大破坏力的特性，应填入表示“破坏性的”形容词destructive。 6. The initial ________ of feeling the ground shake violently was followed by a moment of deadly silence. 【答案】shock 【详解】句意为“感受到地面剧烈摇晃的最初________之后，是片刻死寂的震惊。”根据“The initial ________”的语境，需要一个可数名词单数形式，表示突如其来的强烈震动或令人震惊的事件本身，应填入表示“震动；震惊”的名词shock。 7. Major earthquakes ________ less frequently in this region, but scientists warn that preparation is always necessary. 【答案】occur 【详解】句意为“大地震在该地区________得较少，但科学家警告说，做好准备永远是必要的。”根据“Major earthquakes ________ less frequently”的语境，需要动词原形作谓语，表示事件发生，应填入表示“发生”的动词occur。 8. The volcano, dormant (休眠的) for centuries, began to show signs that it might ________ soon. 【答案】erupt 【详解】句意为“这座休眠了几个世纪的火山开始显示出可能很快要________的迹象。”根据“it might ________ soon”的语境，需要动词原形作不定式，表示火山活动喷发，应填入表示“爆发”的动词erupt。 9. The sinking ship sent out a distress ________ to nearby vessels and the coast guard. 【答案】signal 【详解】句意为“正在下沉的船只向附近的船只和海岸警卫队发出了遇险________。”根据“sent out a distress ________”的语境，需要一个可数名词单数形式，表示传递信息的特定声音、灯光或无线电波，应填入表示“信号”的名词signal。 10. In case of a fire alarm, please follow the established evacuation (疏散) ________ calmly and quickly. 【答案】procedure 【详解】句意为“如遇火警，请冷静、迅速地按照既定的疏散________行动。”根据“follow the established evacuation ________”的语境，需要一个可数名词单数形式，表示按步骤执行的一系列正式行动，应填入表示“程序”的名词procedure。 11. The relief agency is working to ________ food, clean water, and medicine to the affected areas as soon as possible. 【答案】supply 【详解】句意为“救援机构正致力于尽快向灾区________食物、清洁水和药品。”根据“is working to ________ food... to the areas”的语境，需要动词原形作不定式，表示提供必要物资的行为，应填入表示“供应”的动词supply。 12. Donations from around the world brought much-needed ________ to the survivors, providing shelter and hope. 【答案】relief 【详解】句意为“来自世界各地的捐赠为幸存者带来了急需的________，提供了住所和希望。”根据“brought much-needed ________”的语境，需要一个不可数名词，表示减轻痛苦或提供援助的帮助行为或物资，应填入表示“救济”的名词relief。 13. Many people chose to ________ money to the disaster relief fund in order to support the rescue efforts. 【答案】donate 【详解】句意为“许多人选择向救灾基金________金钱，以支持救援工作。”根据“chose to ________ money”的语境，需要动词原形作不定式，表示为慈善目的而给予钱财，应填入表示“捐赠”的动词donate。 14. The approaching ________ forced the airport to cancel all flights and advise residents to stay indoors. 【答案】typhoon 【详解】句意为“即将到来的________迫使机场取消了所有航班，并建议居民留在室内。”根据“The approaching ________”的语境，需要一个可数名词单数形式，表示一种可能带来强风暴雨的气象灾害，应填入表示“台风”的名词typhoon。 15. After the storm, the whole town was left without ________ for three days, making communication and recovery difficult. 【答案】power 【详解】句意为“风暴过后，整个小镇三天没有________，这使得通信和恢复工作都很困难。”根据“was left without ________”的语境，需要一个不可数名词，表示使设备运行的电力能源，应填入表示“电力”的名词power。 三、朗读并牢记以下单词及其相关词性变化。 1. injure vt. 伤害，使受伤 → injury n. 伤害，损伤 → injured adj. 受伤的 2. reaction n. 反应，回应 → react vi. 反应 → reactive adj. 反应的，活性的 3. relief n. 宽慰，救济 → relieve vt. 缓解，减轻 → relieved adj. 感到宽慰的，放心的 4. destructive adj. 破坏性的 → destruction n. 破坏，毁灭 → destroy vt. 破坏，摧毁 5. inform vt. 通知，了解 → information n. 信息，资料 → informative adj. 提供信息的，增长见闻的 6. scare vt./vi./n. 惊吓，恐慌 → scared adj. 害怕的，受惊吓的 → scary adj. 可怕的，吓人的 7. supply n./vt. 供应，补给 → supplier n. 供应商 → supplement n./vt. 补充，增补 8. unbearable adj. 无法忍受的 → bearable adj. 可忍受的 → bear vt. 忍受，承受 9. distance n. 距离，遥远 → distant adj. 遥远的，疏远的 → distantly adv. 遥远地，疏远地 10. locate vt. 定位，坐落于 → location n. 位置，地点 → local adj. 当地的，本地的 四、 用以上单词及其变化形式，完成下列句子。 1. The earthquake caused many serious ________, and rescue teams worked tirelessly to transport the ________ to safe medical facilities. It's heartbreaking to see how many people were ________ in just a few minutes. (injure) 【答案】injuries; injured; injured 【解析】第一个空格在形容词“serious”后，需要名词复数“伤害/伤情”。第二个空格在定冠词“the”后，需要名词化的形容词“受伤者”作宾语。第三个空格在系动词“were”后，需要形容词“受伤的”作表语。 2. The public's ________ to the government's disaster warning was mixed. Some chose to ________ immediately by evacuating (疏散), while others, unfortunately, had a more passive and ________ attitude. (react) 【答案】reaction; react; reactive 【解析】第一个空格在所有格“public's”后，需要名词“反应”作主语。第二个空格在“chose to”后，需要动词原形“作出反应”。第三个空格修饰名词“attitude”，需要形容词“被动的/反应性的”。 3. The arrival of aid trucks brought great ________ to the trapped villagers. These supplies would significantly ________ their suffering, and finally, with help at hand, everyone felt deeply ________. (relieve) 【答案】relief; relieve; relieved 【解析】第一个空格在形容词“great”后、介词“to”前，需要名词“救济/宽慰”。第二个空格在情态动词“would”和副词“significantly”后，需要动词原形“减轻/缓解”。第三个空格在系动词“felt”和副词“deeply”后，需要形容词“感到宽慰的”。 4. The typhoon's ________ power was evident in the complete ________ of the coastal village. The storm surge alone was enough to ________ most homes near the shore. (destroy) 【答案】destructive; destruction; destroy 【解析】第一个空格修饰名词“power”，需要形容词“破坏性的”。第二个空格在定冠词“the”和形容词“complete”后，需要名词“破坏/毁灭”。第三个空格在“was enough to”后，需要动词原形“摧毁”。 5. It is critical to promptly ________ all residents of an evacuation (疏散) order. Clear and accurate ________ saves lives, so broadcasts must be both timely and ________. (inform) 【答案】inform; information; informative 【解析】第一个空格在“to”后，需要动词原形“通知”。第二个空格作主语，需要名词“信息”。第三个空格在系动词“be”后，需要形容词“提供有效信息的”。 6. The sudden aftershock (余震) did more than just ________ people; it caused widespread ________. Many ________ residents refused to return to their homes, saying the experience had been too ________. (scare) 【答案】scare; scare; scared; scary 【解析】第一个空格在“did more than just”后，需要动词原形“惊吓”。第二个空格作宾语，需要名词“恐慌”。第三个空格修饰名词“residents”，需要形容词“感到害怕的”。第四个空格在系动词“been”后，需要形容词“可怕的”。 7. The main ________ of fresh water was temporarily cut off, so the city had to find an alternative ________. Emergency plans included using water trucks as a temporary ________ to the pipeline (管道线) system. (supply) 【答案】supply; supplier; supplement 【解析】第一个空格在“main”后，作主语，需要名词“供应/供给”。第二个空格作宾语，需要名词“供应商”。第三个空格在不定冠词“a”后，需要名词“补充物/增补”。 8. The heat inside the collapsed building was ________ for the trapped survivors. Rescue in such conditions is barely ________, and the teams had to ________ extreme temperatures to continue their work. (bear) 【答案】unbearable; bearable; bear 【解析】第一个空格在系动词“was”后，需要形容词“无法忍受的”作表语。第二个空格在系动词“is”后，需要形容词“可忍受的”作表语。第三个空格在“had to”后，需要动词原形“忍受”。 9. The ________ from the epicenter (震中) to the affected city is considerable, and rescue teams from ________ provinces faced long journeys. Some relatives, living ________, could only watch the news anxiously. (distance) 【答案】distance; distant; distantly 【解析】第一个空格作主语，在定冠词“The”后，需要名词“距离”。第二个空格修饰名词“provinces”，需要形容词“遥远的”。第三个空格修饰动词“living”，需要副词“在远方地”。 10. Search teams used drones (无人机) to ________ survivors trapped in the rubble. Once they identified a ________, they coordinated (协调) with ________ volunteers for the rescue operation. (locate) 【答案】locate; location; local 【解析】第一个空格在“used drones to”后，需要动词原形“定位/找到”。第二个空格作宾语，需要名词“位置/地点”。第三个空格修饰名词“volunteers”，需要形容词“当地的”。 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊◄ 必备词组 ► ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊ 一、英译中。 1. at large 整个，全部 2. safe and sound 安然无恙的 3. keep one's head (在困境中)保持冷静 4. run out of 用完，耗尽 5. take the form of 呈现⋯⋯的形状；采取⋯⋯的形式 6. break out 突然开始，爆发 7. far and wide 到处，各处 8. hold on to 抓紧，不放开 9. It occurred to sb. that… 突然意识到，被想起 10. inform sb. of 了解，熟悉 二、用以上词组完成下列句子，注意形式的变化。 1. After the missing child was finally found ________ in a nearby park, the whole community breathed a sigh of relief. 【答案】safe and sound 【详解】句意为“在失踪的孩子最终在附近公园被________找到后，整个社区都松了一口气。”根据“missing child was finally found”和“breathed a sigh of relief（松了一口气）”的语境，需要一个形容词性短语作主语补足语，描述孩子被找到时的状态，应填入表示“安然无恙的”短语safe and sound。 【译文】失踪的孩子最终在附近公园被安然无恙地找到后，整个社区都松了一口气。 2. In a real emergency, the most important thing is to ________ and not panic, as clear thinking can save lives. 【答案】keep your head 【详解】句意为“在真正的紧急情况下，最重要的是________不要恐慌，因为清醒的思考可以挽救生命。”根据“not panic”和“clear thinking can save lives”的语境，需要动词短语，表示在困境中保持镇定的能力，应填入表示“保持冷静”的短语keep your head。 【译文】在真正的紧急情况下，最重要的是保持冷静不要恐慌，因为清醒的思考可以挽救生命。 3. The volunteer team realized they might ________ essential medical supplies and sent an urgent request for more aid. 【答案】run out of 【详解】句意为“志愿者团队意识到他们可能会________必需的医疗物资，于是紧急请求了更多援助。”根据“sent an urgent request for more aid”的语境，需要一个及物动词短语作谓语，后接宾语“supplies”，表示资源将要用尽，应填入表示“用完，耗尽”的短语run out of。 【译文】志愿者团队意识到他们可能会耗尽必需的医疗物资，于是紧急请求了更多援助。 4. As the forest fire began to _________, the evacuation (疏散) orders were issued immediately to protect nearby residents. 【答案】break out 【详解】句意为“随着森林大火开始，立即发布了疏散命令以保护附近居民。”根据“forest fire”和“evacuation orders were issued”的语境，需要一个不及物动词短语作谓语，表示灾难的突然开始，应填入表示“突然开始，爆发”的短语break out。 【译文】随着森林大火开始蔓延，立即发布了疏散命令以保护附近居民。 5. Rescue teams searched ________ for any signs of survivors in the vast area affected by the landslide. 【答案】far and wide 【详解】句意为“救援队在受山体滑坡影响的广阔区域内________搜寻幸存者的任何迹象。”根据“searched... in the vast area”的语境，需要一个副词性短语修饰动词“searched”，表示搜寻的范围很广，应填入表示“到处，各处”的短语far and wide。 【译文】救援队在受山体滑坡影响的广阔区域内四处搜寻幸存者的任何迹象。 6. When the earthquake started, the teacher told the children to ________ their desks until the shaking stopped. 【答案】hold on to 【详解】句意为“地震开始时，老师告诉孩子们要________他们的课桌，直到震动停止。”根据“earthquake started”和“until the shaking stopped”的语境，需要一个及物动词短语作宾语补足语，后接宾语“desks”，表示抓住固定物体寻求保护，应填入表示“抓紧，不放开”的短语hold on to。 【译文】地震开始时，老师告诉孩子们要抓紧他们的课桌，直到震动停止。 7. The new public health campaign will ________ a series of educational workshops and community events. 【答案】take the form of 【详解】句意为“这项新的公共卫生运动将________一系列的教育研讨会和社区活动。”根据“a series of educational workshops and community events”的语境，需要一个及物动词短语作谓语，后接宾语，表示以某种具体形式呈现，应填入表示“呈现...的形状；采取...的形式”的短语take the form of。 【译文】这项新的公共卫生运动将采取一系列教育研讨会和社区活动的形式。 8. The government made great efforts to ________ the public ________ the potential risks and necessary precautions (预防措施) regarding the approaching typhoon. 【答案】inform; of 【详解】句意为“政府努力________公众________即将到来的台风的潜在风险和必要预防措施。”根据“the potential risks and necessary precautions”和“approaching typhoon”的语境，需要动词短语，连接宾语“the public”和宾语补足语“the risks and precautions”，表示告知某人某事，应填入表示“通知某人某事”的短语inform sb. of。 【译文】政府努力告知公众即将到来的台风的潜在风险和必要预防措施。 9. After hearing the strange noise from the engine, ________ that we should stop the car and check it immediately for safety. 【答案】it occurred to me 【详解】句意为“在听到发动机传来的奇怪噪音后，________我们应该停车并立即检查以确保安全。”根据“that we should stop the car...”的宾语从句和“After hearing...”的语境，需要一个主句来引出“突然意识到”的内容，应填入表示“我突然意识到”的句型It occurred to sb. that...。 【译文】听到发动机传来的奇怪噪音后，我突然意识到我们应该停车并立即检查以确保安全。 10. The problem of plastic pollution is not just a local issue; it affects the marine ecosystem __________ and requires global cooperation to solve. 【答案】at large 【详解】句意为“塑料污染问题不只是一个局部问题；它影响________的海洋生态系统，需要全球合作来解决。”根据“not just a local issue”和“global cooperation”的对比语境，需要一个副词性短语修饰动词“affects”，表示影响整个或全体范围，应填入表示“整个，全部”的短语at large。 【译文】塑料污染问题不只是一个局部问题；它影响整个海洋生态系统，需要全球合作来解决。 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊◄ 预习课文 ► ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊ 一、阅读Pupils' lives spared during Falmont earthquake和Girl saves 100 from tsunami，选出正确选项。 1. According to the first report, what was the number of injured students at Falmont Primary School? A. 5 B. 36 C. 200 D. 476 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。第一篇报道第三句明确提到“Only 5 students suffered slight injuries”，因此受伤学生人数为5人。C选项是地震灾区整体受伤人数，与学校具体数据无关。 2. In the second report, why did Sabrina realize a tsunami might be coming? A. The wind suddenly became very strong. B. The water was bubbling and kept coming inland without receding. C. People were running in panic on the beach. D. A safety officer warned her about the danger. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。第二篇报道第五段中，Sabrina描述海水“像啤酒上的泡沫”，并且“不断涌来，没有退去”，这正是她在地理课上学到的海啸前兆，因此B项正确。 3. What similarity do the two reports share? A. Both disasters caused massive loss of life. B. Both events occurred in the same month. C. Knowledge and preparation played a key role in saving lives. D. Rescue teams arrived immediately after the disasters. 【答案】C 【解析】归纳概括题。两篇报道都强调了事前知识或演练的重要性：第一篇中学校因定期进行地震安全演练而成功避险；第二篇中Sabrina运用地理课所学知识预判海啸。其他选项均与原文不符：A项与两篇中人员均获救的事实矛盾；B项时间不同；D项未提及救援队抵达情况。 4. What common quality do Miss Brown and Sabrina display in the reports? A. Physical strength and bravery. B. Leadership skills in organizing rescues. C. Extensive experience with natural disasters. D. Calmness and quick thinking in emergencies. 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。Miss Brown在地震中冷静指挥学生避险，Sabrina在海啸前保持镇定并坚持警告他人，二人都表现出紧急情况下的冷静与快速反应能力。A项“体力”未体现；C项“丰富经验”不准确（Sabrina仅凭课堂知识）；B项“组织领导能力”对Sabrina而言过度推断。 5. Why does the first report quote Miss Brown’s words at the end? A. To show her pride in the students’ bravery. B. To criticize the lack of safety measures in other schools. C. To emphasize the importance of regular safety drills. D. To explain why the earthquake caused little damage. 【答案】C 【解析】写作目的题。Miss Brown在结尾说“我们每年进行两次地震安全演练”，直接点明全体师生安全脱险的关键原因，旨在强调定期演练的重要性。A项“自豪”虽合理但不是引述的主要目的；B项“批评”无依据；D项“解释地震破坏小”与引语内容无关。 6. If you are indoors during an earthquake, what should you do based on the first report? A. Run out of the building immediately. B. Stand still in the center of the room. C. Call for help as loudly as you can. D. Hide under a desk and hold its legs, and open the door if possible. 【答案】D 【解析】应用型试题。根据第一篇报道中师生的正确做法：迅速躲到桌下并抓牢桌腿，同时老师快速打开房门以防门变形卡住。A项“立即逃跑”错误（应先避险）；B项“站在房间中央”不安全；C项“大声呼救”可能吸入粉尘且延误避险时机。 7. How did Miss Brown ensure her students could leave the classroom quickly after the earthquake? A. She broke the classroom windows in advance. B. She asked them to run to the playground immediately. C. She opened the door during the shaking to prevent it from jamming. D. She instructed them to gather under their desks until rescue arrived. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一篇第五句，“Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.”（布朗老师迅速打开教室门，以防门在地震中损坏而无法打开。）这确保了震后学生能顺利撤离。A项“打破窗户”文中未提及；B项“立即跑向操场”是震动停止后的行动；D项“一直躲在桌下直到救援到来”与文中“震动一停就撤离”不符。 8. What made Sabrina’s parents finally believe her warning about the tsunami? A. They saw the water rising rapidly. B. Sabrina showed them her geography textbook. C. A safety officer confirmed the danger. D. Other tourists started to run away. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。第二篇倒数第二段提到，尽管萨布丽娜的父母起初认为她在开玩笑，但她坚持让父母与安全官员沟通，而官员立即意识到危险。因此，是安全官员的确认让父母信服。A、B、D项均未在文中体现。 9. What is the main purpose of both news reports? A. To describe the destructive power of natural disasters. B. To encourage readers to learn geography and earth science. C. To criticize poor safety management in disaster-prone areas. D. To highlight how proper responses can reduce harm during disasters. 【答案】D 【解析】主旨归纳题。两篇报道都通过具体案例，强调正确的应对方式（如演练避险、利用知识预警）在灾害中能有效保护生命。A项“描述破坏力”不是重点；B项“鼓励学习地理”仅适用于第二篇；C项“批评安全管理不足”与报道的积极导向不符。 10. What can we infer about the students at Falmont Primary School during the earthquake? A. They were too frightened to follow instructions. B. They had never experienced an earthquake before. C. They acted in a trained and disciplined manner. D. They tried to rescue others during the shaking. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一篇描述，学生迅速躲到桌下、保持安静镇定、有序撤离等行为，结合文末提到的“每年两次演练”，可推断他们经过训练且纪律严明。A项“过于害怕”与文中“冷静安静”矛盾；B项“从未经历地震”无法推断；D项“试图救人”未提及。 11. If you were on a beach and noticed the sea water receding unusually fast, what should you do based on Sabrina’s story? A. Stay and watch the unusual phenomenon. B. Immediately warn others and move to higher ground. C. Call your family first before taking action. D. Wait for an official warning before evacuating. 【答案】B 【解析】应用型试题。根据第二篇中萨布丽娜的知识和行动，海啸前兆包括海水异常进退，此时应迅速预警并撤离到高处。A项“停留观察”危险；C项“先打电话”可能延误时机；D项“等待官方警告”在紧急情况下可能来不及。 12. What role does “knowledge” play in both stories? A. It helps people avoid natural disasters completely. B. It increases people’s fear during emergencies. C. It enables individuals to take effective life-saving actions. D. It is only useful for professionals like teachers and officers. 【答案】C 【解析】综合理解题。两篇报道中，知识（地震避险知识、海啸前兆知识）都直接促成了有效的自救和救人行动。A项“完全避免灾害”错误；B项“增加恐惧”与文中人物冷静应对的表现相反；D项“仅对专业人士有用”与萨布丽娜作为普通学生的例子矛盾。 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊◄ 基础语法 ► ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊ 动词不定式作定语 一、基本概念 动词不定式作定语时，放在所修饰的名词或代词后面，相当于一个形容词，表示即将发生的动作或有待完成的事情。 二、常见结构 1. 名词 + to do（不定式与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系） I have a book to read. 我有一本要读的书。 解析：to read 修饰 book，book 是 read 的逻辑宾语。 2. 名词 + to do（不定式与名词有逻辑上的主谓关系） She is the first person to arrive. 她是第一个到达的人。 解析：to arrive 修饰 person，person 是 arrive 的逻辑主语。 3. 不定式 + 介词（当不定式动词是不及物动词时，需加介词） I need a chair to sit on. 我需要一把椅子坐。 解析：sit 是不及物动词，修饰 chair 需加介词 on。 三、运用 After the earthquake, Miss Brown had many students to check. 地震后，布朗老师有许多学生要检查。 Sabrina was the only child to recognize the tsunami signs. 萨布丽娜是唯一认出海啸迹象的孩子。 动词不定式作结果状语 一、基本概念 动词不定式作结果状语时，通常放在句尾，表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果，常与 only, never 等词连用，体现“竟然⋯⋯，结果却⋯⋯”的语气。 二、常见结构 1. …only to do…（表示出乎意料的结果） He rushed to the playground only to find everyone safe. 他冲到操场，结果发现大家都安全。 2. …never to do…（表示“再也没有发生”的结果） She left home never to return. 她离开了家，再也没有回来。 3. so…as to… / such…as to…（表示“如此…以至于…”） The tsunami was so powerful as to destroy entire villages. 海啸如此强大，摧毁了整个村庄。 三、运用 The students waited calmly under the desks, only to discover the shaking stopped quickly. 学生们冷静地躲在桌下，结果发现震动很快停止了。 Sabrina warned her parents, only to be told she was joking at first. 萨布丽娜警告父母，结果一开始却被认为是在开玩笑。 检测练习 用不定式完成句子 1. 我没有时间玩游戏。I have __________________________________________. 2. 他是最后一个离开教室的人。 He is ____________________________________________________________. 3. 她跑到海滩，却发现空无一人。 She ran to the beach __________________________________________. 4. I need a pen __________________________________（写这封信）. 5. The earthquake was strong enough __________________________________（震碎窗户）. 6. She is too young __________________________________（独自应对灾难）. 答案与解析 1. I have no time to play games. 解析：to play games 作定语修饰 time，表示“用来玩游戏的时间”。 2. He is the last person to leave the classroom. 解析：to leave 作定语修饰 person，person 是 leave 的逻辑主语。 3. She ran to the beach only to find it empty. 解析：only to find 作结果状语，表示出乎意料的发现。 4. I need a pen to write this letter. 解析：to write this letter 作定语修饰 pen，pen 是 write 的工具。 5. The earthquake was strong enough to break the windows. 解析：to break… 作结果状语，enough to… 表示“足够…以至于…”。 6. She is too young to deal with disasters alone. 解析：too…to… 结构表示“太…而不能…”，不定式 to deal with 作结果状语。 小贴士： 定语不定式像“跟屁虫”，永远跟在名词后面说明用途或对象。 结果状语不定式像“剧情反转”，常带着 only 或 never 给你一个意外结局。 如果不定式动词不及物（如 listen, go），记得带上它的“小尾巴”（介词）哦！ ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊◄ 故事续写指导 ► ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊ 阅读课本P23 Caught in a flood，续写故事。每段开头第一句已经给出，请按照这个思路续写。总字数约150词，注意与原文衔接得当，内容一致，想象合理。 1. Suddenly, water rushed into the room through the door. 2. Safe on the roof, they looked around for help. 范文： Suddenly, water rushed into the room through the door. The table blocking it was pushed away, and cold, dirty water quickly filled the living room. "Upstairs! Now!" Dad shouted. They held hands and moved carefully through the rising water toward the stairs. Mum grabbed their emergency bag. Just as they reached the top step, they heard a loud crash downstairs — more water had come in. Safe on the roof, they looked around for help. Everything below was covered in water. Dad used a flashlight to send light signals into the dark sky. Mum and Mary waved a bright red blanket and shouted together, "Help! Over here!" After what seemed like hours, they saw a light in the distance. It was a rescue boat! The boat came closer, and strong hands helped them get on board. Mary held her parents tightly, feeling safe at last. 写作指导： 如何完成读后续写？ 一、衔接原文：续写第一句“Suddenly, water rushed into the room through the door.”完全承接了原文结尾“用桌子抵门”的情节，直接启动危机。 二、合理想象： 1. 逃生过程：描写水涌入后的动作（如“held hands” “moved carefully”）。 2. 求救方式：结合生活常识（如用闪光灯发信号、挥动鲜艳物品）。 3. 结局圆满：确保故事以获救结束（救援船出现）。 4. 语言支持（可用的表达）： 动作描写：hold hands, move through the water, climb up, wave sth. 环境描写：Everything was covered in water., in the dark sky 情绪表达：feel safe at last, hold sb. tightly 三、内容一致：保持人物性格（父母保护孩子）和故事基调（危机→转机→希望）。 四、控制篇幅：两段分别描写“危机应对”和“转机获救”，总字数约150。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第02讲 Unit 2 Natural disasters (必修三) 单元教学目标 维 度 教 学 目 标 核 心 素 养 语言能力 掌握自然灾害相关的核心词汇与表达；学习描述自然灾害事件；能完成关于灾害经历描述或防灾指南的短文写作。 文化意识 了解不同地区常见自然灾害及应对方式，理解灾害背后的自然与人文因素；培养防灾意识、互助精神及尊重自然规律的科学态度。 思维品质 分析灾害报道、科普文章等文本的结构与语言特点；能区分事实描述与情感表达，理性看待灾害成因与影响，并能有逻辑地陈述个人见解或防灾建议。 学习能力 通过小组合作，搜集、整理自然灾害案例或防灾知识，制作一份防灾宣传海报或电子简报，并尝试用英语进行展示交流。 重点知识与技能简表 项目 核心内容 重点单词 disaster, injure, crash, flood, destructive, shock, occur, erupt, signal, procedure, supply, relief, donate, typhoon, power 必备词组 at large, safe and sound, keep one's head, run out of, take the form of, break out, far and wide, hold on to, It occurred to sb. that… inform sb. of 课文预习 完成课文相关阅读理解试题 基础语法 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 写作应用 Caught in a flood 读后续写 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊◄ 重点单词 ► ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊ 一、 朗读生词表，根据中文提示，写出以下单词。 1. n. 灾难，灾害 2. vt. 伤害，使受伤 3. n. 碰撞，崩溃 vi. & vt. 撞击，崩溃 4. n. 洪水 vt. & vi. 淹没 5. adj. 破坏性的 6. n. 剧烈震动；震惊 vt. 使震惊 7. vi. 发生，出现 8. vi. & vt. (火山)爆发 9. n. 信号 vi. & vt. 发信号 10. n. 程序，步骤（应急程序） 11. n. 补给品 vt. 供应（救灾物资） 12. n. 救济；减轻（救灾） 13. vt. 捐赠，赠送 14. n. 台风 15. n. 电力，能量（常因灾害中断） 二、用以上单词完成句子。 1. The earthquake and tsunami are considered one of the most severe natural ________ in the country’s modern history. 2. The collapsed building during the earthquake could potentially ________ many people trapped inside. 3. Residents heard a loud ________ as the strong wind uprooted the huge tree, which then fell onto a car. 4. After days of heavy rain, the river burst its banks and began to ________ the nearby villages. 5. The hurricane's ________ winds tore roofs off houses and broke trees like matchsticks. 6. The initial ________ of feeling the ground shake violently was followed by a moment of deadly silence. 7. Major earthquakes ________ less frequently in this region, but scientists warn that preparation is always necessary. 8. The volcano, dormant (休眠的) for centuries, began to show signs that it might ________ soon. 9. The sinking ship sent out a distress ________ to nearby vessels and the coast guard. 10. In case of a fire alarm, please follow the established evacuation (疏散) ________ calmly and quickly. 11. The relief agency is working to ________ food, clean water, and medicine to the affected areas as soon as possible. 12. Donations from around the world brought much-needed ________ to the survivors, providing shelter and hope. 13. Many people chose to ________ money to the disaster relief fund in order to support the rescue efforts. 14. The approaching ________ forced the airport to cancel all flights and advise residents to stay indoors. 15. After the storm, the whole town was left without ________ for three days, making communication and recovery difficult. 三、朗读并牢记以下单词及其相关词性变化。 1. injure vt. 伤害，使受伤 → injury n. 伤害，损伤 → injured adj. 受伤的 2. reaction n. 反应，回应 → react vi. 反应 → reactive adj. 反应的，活性的 3. relief n. 宽慰，救济 → relieve vt. 缓解，减轻 → relieved adj. 感到宽慰的，放心的 4. destructive adj. 破坏性的 → destruction n. 破坏，毁灭 → destroy vt. 破坏，摧毁 5. inform vt. 通知，了解 → information n. 信息，资料 → informative adj. 提供信息的，增长见闻的 6. scare vt./vi./n. 惊吓，恐慌 → scared adj. 害怕的，受惊吓的 → scary adj. 可怕的，吓人的 7. supply n./vt. 供应，补给 → supplier n. 供应商 → supplement n./vt. 补充，增补 8. unbearable adj. 无法忍受的 → bearable adj. 可忍受的 → bear vt. 忍受，承受 9. distance n. 距离，遥远 → distant adj. 遥远的，疏远的 → distantly adv. 遥远地，疏远地 10. locate vt. 定位，坐落于 → location n. 位置，地点 → local adj. 当地的，本地的 四、 用以上单词及其变化形式，完成下列句子。 1. The earthquake caused many serious ________, and rescue teams worked tirelessly to transport the ________ to safe medical facilities. It's heartbreaking to see how many people were ________ in just a few minutes. (injure) 2. The public's ________ to the government's disaster warning was mixed. Some chose to ________ immediately by evacuating (疏散), while others, unfortunately, had a more passive and ________ attitude. (react) 3. The arrival of aid trucks brought great ________ to the trapped villagers. These supplies would significantly ________ their suffering, and finally, with help at hand, everyone felt deeply ________. (relieve) 4. The typhoon's ________ power was evident in the complete ________ of the coastal village. The storm surge alone was enough to ________ most homes near the shore. (destroy) 5. It is critical to promptly ________ all residents of an evacuation (疏散) order. Clear and accurate ________ saves lives, so broadcasts must be both timely and ________. (inform) 6. The sudden aftershock (余震) did more than just ________ people; it caused widespread ________. Many ________ residents refused to return to their homes, saying the experience had been too ________. (scare) 7. The main ________ of fresh water was temporarily cut off, so the city had to find an alternative ________. Emergency plans included using water trucks as a temporary ________ to the pipeline (管道线) system. (supply) 8. The heat inside the collapsed building was ________ for the trapped survivors. Rescue in such conditions is barely ________, and the teams had to ________ extreme temperatures to continue their work. (bear) 9. The ________ from the epicenter (震中) to the affected city is considerable, and rescue teams from ________ provinces faced long journeys. Some relatives, living ________, could only watch the news anxiously. (distance) 10. Search teams used drones (无人机) to ________ survivors trapped in the rubble. Once they identified a ________, they coordinated (协调) with ________ volunteers for the rescue operation. (locate) ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊◄ 必备词组 ► ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊ 一、英译中。 1. at large 2. safe and sound 3. keep one's head 4. run out of 5. take the form of 6. break out 7. far and wide 8. hold on to 9. It occurred to sb. that… 10. inform sb. of 二、用以上词组完成下列句子，注意形式的变化。 1. After the missing child was finally found ________ in a nearby park, the whole community breathed a sigh of relief. 2. In a real emergency, the most important thing is to ________ and not panic, as clear thinking can save lives. 3. The volunteer team realized they might ________ essential medical supplies and sent an urgent request for more aid. 4. As the forest fire began to _________, the evacuation (疏散) orders were issued immediately to protect nearby residents. 5. Rescue teams searched ________ for any signs of survivors in the vast area affected by the landslide. 6. When the earthquake started, the teacher told the children to ________ their desks until the shaking stopped. 7. The new public health campaign will ________ a series of educational workshops and community events. 8. The government made great efforts to ________ the public ________ the potential risks and necessary precautions (预防措施) regarding the approaching typhoon. 9. After hearing the strange noise from the engine, ________ that we should stop the car and check it immediately for safety. 10. The problem of plastic pollution is not just a local issue; it affects the marine ecosystem __________ and requires global cooperation to solve. ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊◄ 预习课文 ► ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊ 一、阅读Pupils' lives spared during Falmont earthquake和Girl saves 100 from tsunami，选出正确选项。 1. According to the first report, what was the number of injured students at Falmont Primary School? A. 5 B. 36 C. 200 D. 476 2. In the second report, why did Sabrina realize a tsunami might be coming? A. The wind suddenly became very strong. B. The water was bubbling and kept coming inland without receding. C. People were running in panic on the beach. D. A safety officer warned her about the danger. 3. What similarity do the two reports share? A. Both disasters caused massive loss of life. B. Both events occurred in the same month. C. Knowledge and preparation played a key role in saving lives. D. Rescue teams arrived immediately after the disasters. 4. What common quality do Miss Brown and Sabrina display in the reports? A. Physical strength and bravery. B. Leadership skills in organizing rescues. C. Extensive experience with natural disasters. D. Calmness and quick thinking in emergencies. 5. Why does the first report quote Miss Brown’s words at the end? A. To show her pride in the students’ bravery. B. To criticize the lack of safety measures in other schools. C. To emphasize the importance of regular safety drills. D. To explain why the earthquake caused little damage. 6. If you are indoors during an earthquake, what should you do based on the first report? A. Run out of the building immediately. B. Stand still in the center of the room. C. Call for help as loudly as you can. D. Hide under a desk and hold its legs, and open the door if possible. 7. How did Miss Brown ensure her students could leave the classroom quickly after the earthquake? A. She broke the classroom windows in advance. B. She asked them to run to the playground immediately. C. She opened the door during the shaking to prevent it from jamming. D. She instructed them to gather under their desks until rescue arrived. 8. What made Sabrina’s parents finally believe her warning about the tsunami? A. They saw the water rising rapidly. B. Sabrina showed them her geography textbook. C. A safety officer confirmed the danger. D. Other tourists started to run away. 9. What is the main purpose of both news reports? A. To describe the destructive power of natural disasters. B. To encourage readers to learn geography and earth science. C. To criticize poor safety management in disaster-prone areas. D. To highlight how proper responses can reduce harm during disasters. 10. What can we infer about the students at Falmont Primary School during the earthquake? A. They were too frightened to follow instructions. B. They had never experienced an earthquake before. C. They acted in a trained and disciplined manner. D. They tried to rescue others during the shaking. 11. If you were on a beach and noticed the sea water receding unusually fast, what should you do based on Sabrina’s story? A. Stay and watch the unusual phenomenon. B. Immediately warn others and move to higher ground. C. Call your family first before taking action. D. Wait for an official warning before evacuating. 12. What role does “knowledge” play in both stories? A. It helps people avoid natural disasters completely. B. It increases people’s fear during emergencies. C. It enables individuals to take effective life-saving actions. D. It is only useful for professionals like teachers and officers. ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊◄ 基础语法 ► ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊ 动词不定式作定语 一、基本概念 动词不定式作定语时，放在所修饰的名词或代词后面，相当于一个形容词，表示即将发生的动作或有待完成的事情。 二、常见结构 1. 名词 + to do（不定式与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系） I have a book to read. 我有一本要读的书。 解析：to read 修饰 book，book 是 read 的逻辑宾语。 2. 名词 + to do（不定式与名词有逻辑上的主谓关系） She is the first person to arrive. 她是第一个到达的人。 解析：to arrive 修饰 person，person 是 arrive 的逻辑主语。 3. 不定式 + 介词（当不定式动词是不及物动词时，需加介词） I need a chair to sit on. 我需要一把椅子坐。 解析：sit 是不及物动词，修饰 chair 需加介词 on。 三、运用 After the earthquake, Miss Brown had many students to check. 地震后，布朗老师有许多学生要检查。 Sabrina was the only child to recognize the tsunami signs. 萨布丽娜是唯一认出海啸迹象的孩子。 动词不定式作结果状语 一、基本概念 动词不定式作结果状语时，通常放在句尾，表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果，常与 only, never 等词连用，体现“竟然⋯⋯，结果却⋯⋯”的语气。 二、常见结构 1. …only to do…（表示出乎意料的结果） He rushed to the playground only to find everyone safe. 他冲到操场，结果发现大家都安全。 2. …never to do…（表示“再也没有发生”的结果） She left home never to return. 她离开了家，再也没有回来。 3. so…as to… / such…as to…（表示“如此…以至于…”） The tsunami was so powerful as to destroy entire villages. 海啸如此强大，摧毁了整个村庄。 三、运用 The students waited calmly under the desks, only to discover the shaking stopped quickly. 学生们冷静地躲在桌下，结果发现震动很快停止了。 Sabrina warned her parents, only to be told she was joking at first. 萨布丽娜警告父母，结果一开始却被认为是在开玩笑。 检测练习 用不定式完成句子 1. 我没有时间玩游戏。I have __________________________________________. 2. 他是最后一个离开教室的人。 He is ____________________________________________________________. 3. 她跑到海滩，却发现空无一人。 She ran to the beach __________________________________________. 4. I need a pen __________________________________（写这封信）. 5. The earthquake was strong enough __________________________________（震碎窗户）. 6. She is too young __________________________________（独自应对灾难）. ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊◄ 故事续写指导 ► ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊ 阅读课本P23 Caught in a flood，续写故事。每段开头第一句已经给出，请按照这个思路续写。总字数约150词，注意与原文衔接得当，内容一致，想象合理。 1. Suddenly, water rushed into the room through the door. 2. Safe on the roof, they looked around for help. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $