2026年福建中考英语二轮语法突破课件:动词和动词短语
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摘要:
该初中英语中考复习课件系统覆盖动词及动词短语核心考点,依据中考说明梳理实义动词(及物/不及物、延续/瞬间)、连系动词、助动词、情态动词分类及动词短语构成,分析情态动词辨析、动词短语搭配等高频考点权重,归纳单选、完形中的动词运用题型,体现备考针对性。
课件亮点在于“分类梳理+真题实战+技巧点拨”模式,如通过对比表格明晰延续性与瞬间性动词用法,结合2025年厦门模拟题“Must I...?”案例解析情态动词否定回答技巧,培养学生语言运用能力和逻辑思维品质。专项训练涵盖动词辨析、短语搭配等易错点,助力学生掌握答题策略,教师可依此开展高效复习,提升中考得分率。
内容正文:
动词和动词短语
1
动词是表示动作、行为、心理活动、存在状态或变
化的词。动词可以分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和
情态动词。
一、实义动词
1. 按“是否接宾语”分类
类型 特点 示例 常见词
及物
动词 必须接宾语,
意义才完整 She bought a book.
她买了一本书。 buy,
write,
need,
teach
类型 特点 示例 常见词
不及物
动词 本身意义完
整, 不接宾语 The sun rises.太阳升
起。 sleep,
arrive,
happen
特殊情况: 部分动词既是及物又是不及物, 意义不同。
(1)The plane flies to Paris. 飞机飞往巴黎。(fly不及物)
He flies the kite. 他放风筝。(fly及物)
(2)He runs every day. 他每天跑步。(run不及物)
He runs a company. 他经营一家公司。(run及物)
2. 按“动作是否持续”分类
类型 特点 用法规则 示例
延续性
动词 动作可持
续一段时
间 能和“for+
时间
段”“since
+时间点”
连用 I have lived here for
ten years.
我在这里住了十年
了。
类型 特点 用法规则 示例
瞬间性
动词 动作瞬间
结束, 不
可持续 不能和“for
+时间段”
连用 He joined the club two
years ago.
他两年前加入了俱乐
部。
(不说“He has joined
for two years.”)
常见词对比⇒
二、连系动词
本身有词义, 但不能独立作谓语, 必须和表语一起
构成谓语, 说明主语的性质、特征、状态。
类别 连系动词 示例
be动词 am, is, are,
was, were She is beautiful. (表性质:
漂亮)
感官
动词 look, sound,
smell, taste, feel The flowers smell sweet.
(表特征: 甜)
类别 连系动词 示例
变化
动词 become, get,
turn, go, grow Leaves turn yellow in
autumn. (表变化: 变黄)
持续
动词 keep, stay,
remain He stays calm under
pressure. (表状态: 保持冷
静)
三、助动词
无实际词义, 不能独立作谓语, 需接“主要动
词”, 帮助主要动词构成“时态、语态、否定、疑
问”, 本身只表语法功能。
助动词 用法 示例
be(am/is/are/was/were) ①构成进行时
(+doing)
②构成被动语
态(+done) ①They are
playing
football.(现在
进行时)
助动词 用法 示例
be(am/is/are/was/were) ①构成进行时
(+doing)
②构成被动语
态(+done) ②The
classroom is
cleaned every
day.(被动语态)
助动词 用法 示例
do/does/did ①构成一般现
在/过去时的否
定(+not)
②构成一般现
在/过去时的疑
问 ①She didn’t go
to school.(否
定)
②Do you like
apples?(疑问)
助动词 用法 示例
have/has 构成现在完成
时(+done) She has broken
her leg.(现在完
成时)
助动词 用法 示例
will/shall 构成一般将来
时(+do);
shall多用于第
一人称 ①We will visit
the museum.
②Shall I book
tickets?
四、情态动词
本身有词义, 表示说话人的情绪、态度或推测(如可
能、愿意、必须), 但不能独立作谓语, 后接动词原
形。无人称变化, 否定式多为“情态动词+not”。
1. can与could
用法 示例
表能力(能/会),
could 是过去式 ①Jim can play chess.(现在)
②I could swim at 5 years old.(过
去)
表否定推测(不可
能), 用 can’t That man can’t be Uncle Wang.
用法 示例
表请求许可(could更
委婉) Could you speak slowly?(用 can 回
答: Of course I can.)
2. must与have to (略, 见第一部分)
3. may与might
用法 示例
表许可(may更正式,
might更委婉) May I talk with you? / Might I
use your phone?
表推测(可能, might可
能性更低) ①We may go camping.(可能)
②He might arrive late.(可能性
小)
用法 示例
表祝福(may用于祈使
句) May you succeed! / May she
rest in peace.
疑问句回答⇒
4. need与dare(可作情态动词, 也可作实义动词)
词性 用法 示例
情态
动词 后接动词原形;
否定:
needn’t/daren’t;
多用于否定/疑问
句 ①You needn’t water the
flowers. 你不必给花浇水。
②Dare she say that? 她敢这么
说吗?
词性 用法 示例
实义
动词 有人称/时态变
化;
后接“名词/代词
/to do”;
否定/疑问需借助
do ①Zhang Hong needs to rest. 张
红需要休息。
②Does she need a rest? 她需
要休息吗?
③She dared to tell the truth. 她
敢于说出真相。
5. shall, should, will与would
动词 用法 示例
shall ①第一/三人称疑问
句(征求意见)
②第二/三人称陈述
句(许诺、命令) ①Shall I look at your
photos? 我可以看看你的照
片吗?
②You shall hand in
materials. 你必须上交材
料。
动词 用法 示例
should ①表义务/劝告(应
该)
②表推测(按理说应
该) ①We should protect our
country. 我们应该保护我们
的国家。
②Kate should be there now.
凯特现在应该在那里。
动词 用法 示例
will ①一般将来时(将,
会)
②表意愿(愿意)
③表请求(不如
would 委婉) ①They will have a picnic.
他们将去野餐。
②I will help you. 我会帮助
你。
③Will you look after your
sister? 你会照顾你妹妹
吗?
动词 用法 示例
would ①will 的过去式
②表请求(更委婉) ①He said he would come.
他说他会来的。
②Would you water the
flowers?你愿意浇花吗?
6. had better与ought to(略, 见第一部分)
五、动词短语
1. 动词短语的构成
动词+
介词 listen to 听 wait for 等待 belong to 属于
depend on 依靠
动词+副
词 get up 起床 find out 查明 cheer up 使振奋
起来 run out 用完
动词+名
词 make progress 取得进步 give a speech 做演
讲 have dinner 吃晚餐
动词+名
词+介词 make fun of 取笑 pay attention to 注意 take
part in 参加
take care of 照顾 say goodbye to 向……告别
动词+副
词+介词 catch up with 赶上 go on with 继续
get along/on with 与……相处 look down
on/upon 轻视
动词+介
词+名词 listen to music 听音乐 look for a job 找工作
go to school 去上学 fall in love with 爱上
3. 常见易混动词短语
look
短语 look after 照顾 look down 向下看; 俯视
look like 看起来像
look through 浏览 look forward to 期待; 盼望
look up 查阅; 抬头看
look for 寻找 look out 小心 look at 看着
come
短语 come back 回来 come in 进来
come out 开花; 出版, 发行
come true 实现 come from 来自 come on 快点儿;
加油
come over 过来 come up with 想出; 提出
give
短语 give away 捐赠 give out分发; 散发
give in 屈服; 让步
give up 放弃 give back 归还 give a talk 做演讲
get
短语 get down 下来; 记下 get lost 迷路 get on
上车 get through 通过
get back 回来; 返回 get off 下车 get over 克服 get
to 抵达
get up起床 get used to 习惯于 get ready for为……
做准备
get in touch with (与……)取得联系
take
短语 take after(外貌或行为)像 take measures 采取措
施 take off 脱下; 起飞
take place发生; 出现 take up开始做; 占据 take
out 取出
take in 吸入 take away 拿走 take turns
轮流 take care of 照顾
put
短语 put away 将……收起 put down 放下; 记下
put off 推迟 put out 伸出; 熄灭
put up 搭起; 挂起 put on 增加(体重); 发胖;
穿上; 戴上; 上演; 张贴
turn
短语 turn off 关掉 turn on 打开 turn down 调低(音
量); 拒绝 turn out 结果是
turn into 变成 turn to 求助于 turn up 调高(音量);
出现
◆专项导图
◆专项训练
( B )1. (2025厦门同安模拟)—Must I take acting lessons
and be an actress like you, mom?
—No, you , darling. You are free to
make your own decision.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t
C. can’t
B
( C )2. (2025泉州二模)You get up early
tomorrow, as we have agreed to go hiking at
7:00.
A. can B. may C. must
C
( C )3. (2025厦门思明二模)Because of pollution, this
lake is now too harmful to fish.
A. suppose B. suggest
C. support
C
( C )4. (2025石狮三模)—Could I use your computer for
a while?
—Of course. But you know it’s my only work
tool at home. You must it carefully.
A. provide B. produce
C. protect
C
( B )5. (2025厦门海沧二模)—Making a video of our
school life is such a piece of cake!
—Quite the opposite. It more time and
energy than you think.
A. reports B. requires
C. reviews
B
( A )6. (2025宁德模拟)—What’s today’s English
homework?
—To new words on our notebooks.
A. copy B. reuse C. print
A
( C )7. (2025晋江模拟)Many young people
today the beauty of traditional Chinese
paintings and enjoy them a lot.
A. create B. invent
C. discover
C
( A )8. (2025厦门同安模拟)—Have you watched the
show Joy on the Branches(喜上枝头)?
—Sure. The dancers beautifully like
real flying birds.
A. performed B. painted
C. promised
A
( A )9. (2025德化模拟)You’d better the shoes
first. I’m afraid the size may be small for you.
A. try on B. pay for
C. take off
A
( C )10. (2025厦门思明二模)—Why are you late for
class again, Bob?
—Sorry, I failed to when my alarm
went off.
A. lie down B. fall asleep
C. get up
C
( B )11. (2025厦门二模)I really need to take more
exercise because I’m weight.
A. putting off B. putting on
C. putting away
B
( C )12. (2025宁德模拟)We should learn to be
independent. Don’t our parents too
much.
A. talk about B. care for
C. depend on
C
13. (2025甘肃二模)As we all know, using public
chopsticks (be) necessary when we eat with
others.
14. (2025上海一模)It’s okay to (agree) as long
as we respect each other’s views.
is
disagree
$