Module 4 The natural world 复习(自然主题+词汇语法+单元检测)(讲义)-2025-2026学年牛津上海版(试用本)(2007)英语五年级上册

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摘要:

该小学英语Module 4复习讲义通过分类表格和过程框架系统构建知识体系,将Water、Wind、Fire三大主题的词汇按"形态-过程-用途"逻辑分类,如Water单元用表格梳理固态/液态/气态词汇及水循环步骤,Wind单元以强度形容词与相关活动匹配,Fire单元区分安全与危险行为词汇,清晰呈现知识脉络与重难点联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与语法情境融合,词汇辨析题(如"gentle/strong wind"选择)和词性转换题(如"evaporate→evaporation")提升语言能力,语法题结合水循环过程("Where does rain come from?")培养思维品质。基础题巩固核心词汇句型,拓展题(如情态动词安全指令)深化应用,助力教师实施分层教学,支持学生自主复习。

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教 师 ___老师 学 生 上课时间 学 科 英语 年 级 __年级 课题名称 Module 4 The natural world 单元测试卷 学习目标 内容 Module 4 The natural world 单元测试卷 (满分:100分 时间:60分钟) 考生注意:请将答案写在答题卡相应位置,写在试卷上无效 第一部分 基础题(50分) I. Copy the words and phrases.(正确抄写下列单词和短语,注意大小写)(5分) Water wind fire rain cloud match careful come from __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:Water wind fire rain cloud match careful come from;解析:需按题目顺序正确抄写,注意句首单词首字母大写,其余单词小写,单词拼写准确、书写规范,区分易混淆词(如match与watch)。 II. Choose the correct pronunciation of the underlined letter.(选出下列单词中下划线字母的正确发音)(10分) ( )1. water A. /ɔː/ B. /æ/ C. /e/ D. /ɪ/ 答案:A;解析:water中划线字母a发/ɔː/,A选项符合;B选项/æ/对应cat,C选项/e/对应pen,D选项/ɪ/对应big,故选A。 ( )2. wind A. /aɪ/ B. /ɪ/ C. /eɪ/ D. /əʊ/ 答案:B;解析:wind中划线字母i发/ɪ/,B选项符合;A选项/aɪ/对应kite,C选项/eɪ/对应cake,D选项/əʊ/对应go,故选B。 ( )3. fire A. /aɪ/ B. /ɪ/ C. /e/ D. /i:/ 答案:A;解析:fire中划线字母i发/aɪ/,A选项符合;B选项/ɪ/对应pig,C选项/e/对应egg,D选项/i:/对应bee,故选A。 ( )4. rain A. /eɪ/ B. /æ/ C. /ɑː/ D. /ə/ 答案:A;解析:rain中划线字母组合ai发/eɪ/,A选项符合;B选项/æ/对应bag,C选项/ɑː/对应car,D选项/ə/对应about,故选A。 ( )5. come A. /əʊ/ B. /ʌ/ C. /uː/ D. /ə/ 答案:B;解析:come中划线字母o发/ʌ/,B选项符合;A选项/əʊ/对应go,C选项/uː/对应blue,D选项/ə/对应mother(弱读),故选B。 III. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words.(用所给单词的适当形式填空,每题均需变形)(10分) 1. —Where ______ water ______ (come) from? —It comes from rivers and lakes. 答案:does;come;解析:本题考查核心语法“where does...come from”(……来自哪里),主语water是不可数名词,疑问句需加助动词does,后面动词come还原为原形,符合本模块水相关的句型要求。 2. The wind is strong today. It makes me feel ______ (cold). 答案:cold;解析:本题考查感官动词+形容词的核心语法,feel是感官动词,后接形容词作表语,cold(冷的)是形容词原级,符合“风大时感觉冷”的语境。 3. You ______ (must) play with matches. It's dangerous. 答案:mustn't;解析:must not的缩写形式是mustn't,表“禁止”,符合本模块火相关的安全提示要求,句意“禁止玩火柴,很危险”,语气准确且简洁。 4. —What kind of clothes ______ you ______ (wear) on windy days? —I can wear a jacket. 答案:would;wear;解析:本题考查核心句型“What kind of...would you...?”(你会穿哪种……?),用于询问选择,would是情态动词,后接动词原形wear,贴合风相关的语境要求。 5. The rain ______ (stop) soon. We can go out to play then. 答案:will stop;解析:由soon(很快)可知用一般将来时,结构为“will+动词原形”,stop(停止)用原形,句意“雨很快会停,我们之后可以出去玩”,符合雨相关的语境。 6. ______ (be) careful! The floor is wet because of the rain. 答案:Be;解析:本题考查祈使句的核心语法,祈使句以动词原形开头,be careful是固定搭配“小心”,用于安全提示,符合雨天地滑的语境要求。 7. —Where ______ the cloud ______ (come) from? —It comes from the water in the sea. 答案:does;come;解析:考查“where does...come from”句型,主语the cloud是单数,疑问句加助动词does,动词come用原形,贴合本模块水与云的关联知识点。 8. We ______ (can) use fire to cook food, but we must be careful. 答案:can;解析:can是情态动词,表“可以、能够”,后接动词原形use,句意“我们可以用火做饭,但必须小心”,既体现火的用途,又符合安全提示要求,贴合模块核心。 9. The wind sounds ______ (loud) at night. I can't sleep well. 答案:loud;解析:考查感官动词+形容词,sounds是感官动词“听起来”,后接形容词loud(大声的)作表语,符合“夜晚风声大”的语境,落实模块语法要求。 10. ______ (not touch) the fire. It will hurt you. 答案:Don't touch;解析:本题考查否定祈使句,结构为“Don't+动词原形”,touch(触摸)用原形,用于火相关的安全禁止提示,符合模块核心语法要求。 IV. Read and choose.(选择最佳答案)(15分) ( )1. —______ does water come from? —It comes from the rain and rivers. A. What B. Where C. How D. When 答案:B;解析:由答语“来自雨和河流”可知,问句询问“地点”,where意为“哪里”,对应本模块核心句型“where does...come from”;what(什么)、how(怎样)、when(何时)均不符合语境。 ( )2. The wind is gentle. It feels ______ on my face. A. cold B. hot C. soft D. loud 答案:C;解析:gentle意为“轻柔的”,结合感官动词feel,soft(柔软的)符合“轻柔的风拂面”的语境;cold(冷的)、hot(热的)、loud(大声的)均与gentle不符。 ( )3. —What kind of shoes would you wear on rainy days? —I ______ wear rain boots. A. can B. mustn't C. won't D. don't 答案:A;解析:问句询问“雨天穿哪种鞋”,can表“可以、能够”,符合“可以穿雨靴”的回答逻辑;mustn't(禁止)、won't(不会)、don't(一般现在时否定)均不符合语境。 ( )4. ______ play near the fire. It's very dangerous. A. Do B. Don't C. Must D. Can 答案:B;解析:由“很危险”可知,此处是“禁止”靠近火,否定祈使句用Don't+动词原形,符合本模块火相关的安全提示要求;do(肯定祈使句助动词)、must(必须)、can(能)均不符合。 ( )5. —Where ______ fire come from? —We make fire with matches or wood. A. do B. does C. is D. are 答案:B;解析:考查“where does...come from”句型,主语fire是不可数名词,视为单数,疑问句需加助动词does;do用于复数主语,is/are后接现在分词,均不符合句型要求。 ( )6. The rain is heavy. It looks ______ outside. A. bright B. dark C. soft D. warm 答案:B;解析:heavy rain意为“大雨”,大雨时外面通常是昏暗的,dark(黑暗的)符合语境;bright(明亮的)、soft(柔软的)、warm(温暖的)均与大雨场景不符。 ( )7. —What would you do if the wind is strong? —I ______ stay at home. A. can B. mustn't C. do D. are 答案:A;解析:问句询问“大风天会做什么”,can表“可以、会”,符合“可以待在家里”的逻辑;mustn't(禁止)、do(助动词,无实际含义)、are(后接现在分词)均不符合。 ( )8. We ______ save water because it's important for us. A. can B. must C. mustn't D. won't 答案:B;解析:由“水对我们很重要”可知,此处表“必须节约用水”的义务,must意为“必须”;can(可以)、mustn't(禁止)、won't(不会)均不符合句意。 ( )9. —______ you hear the wind? —Yes, it sounds loud. A. Can B. Do C. Must D. Will 答案:B;解析:由答语“it sounds loud”可知,问句询问“是否能听到风声”,用一般现在时,主语you是复数,加助动词do构成疑问句;can(能,表能力)、must(必须)、will(将要)均不符合语境。 ( )10. ______ careful with the fire! Don't let it burn the paper. A. Be B. Is C. Are D. Do 答案:A;解析:考查祈使句,be careful with是固定搭配“小心……”,祈使句以动词原形Be开头;is/are用于主谓一致的陈述句,do是助动词,均不符合祈使句要求。 ( )11. —Where does the rain come from? —It ______ from the clouds. A. come B. comes C. will come D. came 答案:B;解析:问句是一般现在时,答语也用一般现在时,主语It是单数,谓语动词come用第三人称单数形式comes;come是原形,will come是将来时,came是过去时,均不符合。 ( )12. The wind is very strong. We ______ fly kites today. A. can B. must C. can't D. mustn't 答案:C;解析:大风天不适合放风筝,can't表“不能、不可以”,符合实际场景;can(可以)、must(必须)与语境相反,mustn't(禁止)语气过重,此处是客观不能,故选C。 ( )13. The water tastes ______. We can drink it directly. A. good B. well C. bad D. badly 答案:A;解析:考查感官动词+形容词,tastes是感官动词“尝起来”,后接形容词,由“可以直接喝”可知水是好的,good(好的)是形容词;well(健康的/好地,副词)、bad(坏的)、badly(糟糕地,副词)均不符合。 ( )14. —What would you do if you see a fire? —I ______ call 119 at once. A. can B. must C. will D. should 答案:B;解析:看到火灾“必须”立刻打119,must表“必须”,语气坚定,符合安全常识;can(可以)、will(将会)、should(应该)语气均不如must准确。 ( )15. ______ touch the wet wall. You may get hurt. A. Don't B. Do C. Must D. Can 答案:A;解析:由“可能受伤”可知,此处是“禁止触摸湿墙”,否定祈使句用Don't+动词原形,符合安全提示要求;do(肯定祈使句)、must(必须)、can(能)均不符合。 V. Read and write.(按要求改写句子)(10分) 1. Water comes from rivers and lakes.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ water ______ from? 答案:Where does;come;解析:划线部分是“rivers and lakes”(地点),用where提问,原句是一般现在时单数,加助动词does,动词come还原为原形,符合“where does...come from”核心句型。 2. The wind feels soft.(改为否定句) The wind ______ ______ soft. 答案:doesn't feel;解析:原句是一般现在时单数,feel是实义动词,否定句加助动词doesn't,后面动词feel还原为原形,符合感官动词的否定句变法要求。 3. We can wear a hat on windy days.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ you ______ on windy days? 答案:What can;wear;解析:划线部分是“a hat”(物品),用what提问,can是情态动词,提到what之后,动词wear用原形,符合“what can...do”的提问结构。 4. Play with fire.(改为否定的祈使句) ______ ______ with fire. 答案:Don't play;解析:否定祈使句的结构是“Don't+动词原形”,原句是肯定祈使句,直接在动词play前加Don't,符合本模块火相关的祈使句语法要求。 5. The rain comes from the clouds.(用where提问并回答) —______ ______ the rain ______ from? —______ ______ from the clouds. 答案:Where does;come;It comes;解析:提问部分用“where does...come from”句型,主语the rain是单数,加助动词does,动词come用原形;回答部分用It指代the rain,谓语动词用第三人称单数comes,贴合模块核心句型。 第二部分 阅读题(31分) VI. Read and judge.(阅读短文,判断下列句子正(T)误(F))(10分) The natural world is made up of water, wind, fire, and many other things. Water is very important for all living things. It comes from rivers, lakes, and the rain. We use water to drink, wash clothes, and cook food. Wind is moving air. Sometimes it's gentle and feels soft, sometimes it's strong and sounds loud. On windy days, we can fly kites or wear warm clothes. Fire can help us cook and keep warm, but it's also very dangerous. We mustn't play with fire. We should be careful with it. If we see a fire, we should call 119 at once. Let's protect the natural world together. ( )1. Water is important for all living things. 答案:T;解析:由短文中“Water is very important for all living things.”可知,题干与原文表述一致,故判断为正确。 ( )2. Water only comes from the rain. 答案:F;解析:短文中提到“It comes from rivers, lakes, and the rain.”,说明水来自河流、湖泊和雨,并非“只来自雨”,题干与原文不符,故判断为错误。 ( )3. The wind is always gentle and soft. 答案:F;解析:短文中“Sometimes it's gentle and feels soft, sometimes it's strong and sounds loud.”表明风有时轻柔有时强劲,并非“总是轻柔”,题干与原文不符,判断为错误。 ( )4. We can use fire to cook food, but we must be careful. 答案:T;解析:由短文中“Fire can help us cook and keep warm, but it's also very dangerous. We should be careful with it.”可知,题干表述与原文一致,“should be careful”和“must be careful”语气相近,均表“必须小心”,故判断为正确。 ( )5. When we see a fire, we should call 120. 答案:F;解析:短文中明确提到“If we see a fire, we should call 119 at once.”,119是火警电话,120是急救电话,题干数字错误,与原文不符,判断为错误。 VII. Read and choose.(阅读对话,选择恰当的句子补全对话,将字母代号填在横线上)(11分,第1题1分,第2-6题各2分) A: Hi, Lily! What a nice day! Do you know about the natural world? B: Yes, I do. 1. ______ A: Really? Where does water come from? B: 2. ______ A: Oh, I see. What about wind? 3. ______ B: It's moving air. Sometimes it feels soft, sometimes it's strong. A: 4. ______ B: I would wear a windbreaker and a hat. A: What about fire? Is it useful? B: 5. ______ But we mustn't play with it. It's dangerous. A: Right! 6. ______ B: We should be careful with it and call 119 if there's a fire. A. What is wind? B. Water comes from rivers, lakes and rain. C. I learn a lot about water, wind and fire. D. Yes, it can help us cook and keep warm. E. What kind of clothes would you wear on windy days? F. What should we do with fire? 1. ______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. ______ 6. ______ 答案:1.C 2.B 3.A 4.E 5.D 6.F; 解析:1. 由上文“A询问B是否了解自然世界”及B的肯定回答,C选项“我了解很多关于水、风、火的知识”承接上下文,引出下文关于水的提问; 2. 上文A询问“水来自哪里”,B选项“水来自河流、湖泊和雨”直接回答该问题,符合“where does...come from”的答句逻辑; 3. 由下文B的回答“它是流动的空气”可知,上文A询问“风是什么”,A选项符合语境; 4. 由下文B的回答“我会穿风衣和帽子”可知,上文A询问“大风天会穿哪种衣服”,E选项对应本模块核心句型“What kind of...would you wear?”; 5. 上文A询问“火有用吗”,B选项“有用,它能帮我们做饭和取暖”先肯定再说明用途,承接下文“但禁止玩火”的转折,逻辑连贯; 6. 由下文B的回答“我们应该小心,着火时打119”可知,上文A询问“我们应该如何对待火”,F选项符合语境。 VIII. Read and answer.(阅读短文,回答下列问题)(10分) Water is everywhere in the natural world. It's in rivers, lakes, seas, and even in the air. Where does water come from? It comes from the water cycle. First, the sun makes the water in the sea become vapor. Then the vapor goes up to the sky and forms clouds. When the clouds get heavy, it rains. The rain falls down to the earth and becomes water in rivers and lakes again. We use water every day. We drink it, wash our hands with it, and water the plants with it. So we must save water. Don't waste it. Wind also helps the water cycle. It can blow the clouds to different places. 1. Where can we find water in the natural world? __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:We can find water in rivers, lakes, seas and even in the air.;解析:由短文中“Water is everywhere in the natural world. It's in rivers, lakes, seas, and even in the air.”可知,直接提取原文信息即可准确作答。 2. Where does water come from? __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:It comes from the water cycle.;解析:短文中明确提到“Where does water come from? It comes from the water cycle.”,直接引用答句部分即可,贴合本模块核心句型的回答逻辑。 3. What makes the water in the sea become vapor? __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:The sun makes the water in the sea become vapor.;解析:由短文中“First, the sun makes the water in the sea become vapor.”可知,提取“the sun”这一核心主语即可准确作答。 4. What do we use water to do? __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:We use water to drink, wash our hands and water the plants.;解析:由短文中“We use water every day. We drink it, wash our hands with it, and water the plants with it.”可知,整合“drink it, wash our hands, water the plants”三个用途,调整句式即可。 5. What helps the water cycle? __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:Wind helps the water cycle.;解析:由短文中“Wind also helps the water cycle.”可知,直接提取主语wind和核心动词helps即可准确作答。 第三部分 翻译与写作(19分) IX. Translate the sentences into English.(根据提示词,将下列中文句子翻译成英文,每题1个提示词,注意句式难度)(9分) 1. 水来自哪里?它来自河流和湖泊。(come from) __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:Where does water come from? It comes from rivers and lakes.;解析:提示词come from(来自)是本模块核心短语,问句用“where does...come from”句型,主语water是单数,加助动词does;答句用It指代water,谓语动词come用第三人称单数comes,符合语法要求。 2. 风感觉很柔和。在有风的日子里我可以放风筝。(feel) __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:The wind feels soft. I can fly kites on windy days.;解析:提示词feel(感觉)是感官动词,后接形容词soft(柔和的),符合“感官动词+形容词”核心语法;“有风的日子”是windy days,“放风筝”是fly kites,can表“可以”,句式简洁且贴合模块知识点。 3. 不要玩火,必须小心。(fire) __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:Don't play with fire. We must be careful.;解析:提示词fire(火)是核心词汇,第一句用否定祈使句“Don't play with fire”(禁止玩火),符合模块安全提示相关语法;第二句用must(必须)表义务,be careful(小心)是固定搭配,逻辑连贯。 X. Writing.(写作)(10分) 题目:My Understanding of the Natural World 要求:1. 围绕“我对自然世界的理解”主题,介绍自然世界中的水、风或火(任选1-2种),说明其来源、特点及我们应该如何对待它们; 2. 运用本模块所学的“where does...come from”、感官动词+形容词、can/mustn't及祈使句; 3. 不少于50个单词,语句通顺,语法正确。 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:My Understanding of the Natural World The natural world has many important things, such as water and wind. Do you know where water comes from? It comes from rivers, lakes and rain. We can drink water and use it to water plants, so we must save water. Wind is moving air. It feels soft on gentle days and sounds loud on strong days. We can fly kites when the wind is gentle. But we mustn't go out when the wind is too strong. Let's protect the natural world together.; 解析:一、写作思路:1. 开头点题:引出自然世界中的水和风,奠定写作主题;2. 分述细节:先介绍水的来源和用途,再说明风的特点,融入模块核心句型和语法;3. 提出倡议:说明对待水和风的正确方式,呼应“保护自然世界”的主旨;4. 结尾升华:用祈使句发出倡议,总结全文。二、语法与内容要求落实:1. 核心句型:运用“where does...come from”询问水的来源,符合模块重点;2. 感官动词:“It feels soft”“sounds loud”准确运用感官动词+形容词的语法;3. 情态动词与祈使句:用can表水和风的用途,mustn't表禁止(大风天不外出),must表义务(节约用水),结尾祈使句“Let's protect...”符合要求;4. 字数与逻辑:全文约90词,远超要求,从介绍事物到提出倡议,逻辑连贯,语句通顺无语法错误。三、素材选择建议:学生可借鉴范文思路,替换为“火”的相关内容,比如介绍火的来源(用火柴制作)、用途(做饭)和安全提示(禁止玩火、小心使用),核心是保证内容紧扣主题,同时合理运用模块所学语法知识。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 教 师 ___老师 学 生 上课时间 学 科 英语 年 级 __年级 课题名称 Module 4 The natural world 复习讲义 学习目标 内容 Unit 1: Water 一、重点词汇 形态类 1. solid /ˈsɒlɪd/ n. 固体(例:ice 冰) 常考词组:solid form 固体形态;solid ice 固态冰;in solid state 处于固态 拓展用法:可作名词或形容词,作形容词时表示“固体的、坚固的”;本单元侧重“固体”的名词义项,对应水的三种形态之一,反义词为 liquid(液体)和 gas(气体)。 2. liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ n. 液体(例:water 水) 常考词组:liquid water 液态水;liquid form 液体形态;in liquid state 处于液态 拓展用法:可作名词或形容词,作形容词时表示“液态的、流动的”;是水的常见形态,常用搭配“liquid + 物质名词”,如 liquid milk(液态牛奶)。 3. gas /ɡæs/ n. 气体(例:steam 水蒸气) 常考词组:gas form 气体形态;water gas 水蒸气;in gas state 处于气态 拓展用法:可数名词,复数形式为 gases;本单元中特指水蒸发后的气态形式(steam),区别于泛指的“气体”时,需搭配具体限定词(如 water gas)。 4. melt /melt/ v. 融化 常考词组:melt into 融化成……;melt down 熔化;melt quickly 快速融化 拓展用法:可作及物或不及物动词,主语通常为固态物质(如 ice、snow);不及物动词时后接介词 into + 液态物质,及物动词时直接接宾语(如 melt the ice);过去式和过去分词均为 melted。 5. freeze /friːz/ v. 结冰 常考词组:freeze into ice 结成冰;freeze up 冻结;freeze solid 冻硬 拓展用法:可作及物或不及物动词,主语多为液体(如 water);不及物动词时常用“freeze + 介词短语”表状态,及物动词时接宾语(如 freeze the water);过去式为 froze,过去分词为 frozen,名词形式为 freezing(冰冻)。 6. evaporate /ɪˈvæpəreɪt/ v. 蒸发 常考词组:evaporate into steam 蒸发成水蒸气;evaporate quickly 快速蒸发;evaporate from 从……蒸发 拓展用法:不及物动词,主语通常为液体(如 water、sea water),常用搭配“evaporate from + 地点/容器”,如 water evaporates from the lake(湖水从湖里蒸发);名词形式为 evaporation(蒸发),是水循环的核心步骤之一。 7. condense /kənˈdens/ v. 凝结 常考词组:condense into 凝结成……;condense from 从……凝结;condense into drops 凝结成小水滴 拓展用法:不及物动词,后接介词 into + 凝结后的形态(如 drops、clouds);主语多为气态物质(如 steam),是水循环中“水蒸气变云”的关键动作;名词形式为 condensation(凝结)。 水循环类 1. the water cycle 水循环 常考词组:learn about the water cycle 学习水循环;go through the water cycle 经历水循环;the process of the water cycle 水循环过程 拓展用法:固定名词短语,首字母通常不大写(除非位于句首);是本单元核心主题短语,常用搭配“learn about/study/understand + the water cycle”,用于自然科学语境。 2. sun /sʌn/ n. 太阳 常考词组:the sun shines 太阳照耀;the sun's heat 太阳的热量;under the sun 在阳光下 拓展用法:可数名词,通常与定冠词 the 连用;是水循环的能量来源,核心作用是通过热量促使水蒸发(the sun's heat makes water evaporate);形容词形式为 sunny(晴朗的)。 3. cloud /klaʊd/ n. 云 常考词组:white cloud 白云;dark cloud 乌云;condense into clouds 凝结成云;heavy cloud 厚重的云 拓展用法:可数名词,复数形式为 clouds;是水蒸气凝结后的产物,常用形容词 white/dark/heavy 修饰,对应不同天气状况;相关短语“cloudy day”(阴天),由其形容词 cloudy 构成。 4. rain /reɪn/ n. 雨 常考词组:heavy rain 大雨;light rain 小雨;rain falls down 雨落下;rain water 雨水 拓展用法:不可数名词,表达“一场雨”需用“a rain”;也可作动词,表“下雨”(如 It is raining.);是水循环的重要环节,常用搭配“rain + 形容词”描述雨的大小。 5. river /ˈrɪvə(r)/ n. 河流 常考词组:clean river 干净的河流;flow into the river 流入河流;river water 河水;cross the river 过河 拓展用法:可数名词,复数形式为 rivers;是水循环中“地表径流”的主要载体,常用搭配“flow into/out of the river”,描述水流方向;常见衍生词 riverbank(河岸)。 6. sea /siː/ n. 海洋 常考词组:the sea 海洋;sea water 海水;flow into the sea 流入海洋;by the sea 在海边 拓展用法:可数名词,通常与定冠词 the 连用;是地球表面水的主要储存地,也是水循环的起点之一;注意与 ocean(大洋)的区别,sea 指“海”,范围小于 ocean。 7. underground /ˌʌndəˈɡraʊnd/ adj. 地下的 常考词组:underground water 地下水;underground river 地下河;underground pipe 地下管道 拓展用法:作形容词时修饰名词,需置于名词前;也可作副词(发音为 /ˌʌndəˈɡraʊnd/),表“在地下”(如 The pipe runs underground.);本单元侧重修饰“水相关事物”,如地下水、地下河。 8. groundwater /ˈɡraʊndwɔːtə(r)/ n. 地下水 常考词组:fresh groundwater 新鲜地下水;use groundwater 利用地下水;groundwater resource 地下水资源 拓展用法:不可数名词,由 ground(地面)+ water(水)构成的合成词;是水循环中“地下径流”的载体,常用搭配“use/protect/save + groundwater”,用于资源保护语境。 用途类 1. drink /drɪŋk/ v. 喝;饮用 常考词组:drink water 喝水;drink tea 喝茶;drink milk 喝牛奶;safe to drink 可以安全饮用 拓展用法:及物动词,后接饮品类名词作宾语;也可作名词,表“饮料”(如 a drink of water 一杯水);本单元核心搭配为“drink water”,常用句型“It is safe to drink the water.”(这水可以安全饮用)。 2. wash /wɒʃ/ v. 洗 常考词组:wash hands 洗手;wash clothes 洗衣服;wash dishes 洗碗;wash with water 用水洗 拓展用法:及物动词,后接衣物、身体部位等宾语;常用搭配“wash + 宾语 + with water”,强调“用水洗”的方式;名词形式为 washing(洗涤),如 washing machine(洗衣机)。 3. water /ˈwɔːtə(r)/ v. 浇灌 常考词组:water plants 浇植物;water flowers 浇花;water the garden 浇花园 拓展用法:及物动词,后接植物类名词作宾语;注意与名词 water(水)的区分,发音相同但词性不同;常用场景为园艺、农业,如 Farmers water crops every day.(农民每天浇灌庄稼)。 4. cook /kʊk/ v. 烹饪 常考词组:cook food 做饭;cook with water 用水烹饪;cook rice 煮米饭 拓展用法:及物动词,后接食物类名词作宾语;是水的重要用途之一,常用搭配“cook + 食物 + with water”,如 cook soup with water(用水煮汤);名词形式为 cook(厨师)、cooking(烹饪)。 5. clean /kliːn/ v. 清洁 常考词组:clean the room 打扫房间;clean the floor 擦地板;clean with water 用水清洁;clean water 净化水 拓展用法:可作及物动词或形容词,作动词时后接清洁对象(房间、地板等),作形容词时表“干净的”(如 clean water 干净的水);本单元中“清洁”义项常用搭配“clean + 地点/物品 + with water”。 二、 词汇专项习题 (1)词汇辨析题 1. When the sun shines, the water in the lake will ______. A. freeze B. evaporate C. melt 答案:B 解析:太阳照射时湖水会蒸发,evaporate 意为蒸发,符合句意;freeze 结冰,melt 融化均不符合。 2. Ice is the ______ form of water. A. solid B. liquid C. gas 答案:A 解析:冰是水的固体形态,solid 固体,liquid 液体,gas 气体,故选A。 3. The ______ is formed when steam condenses. A. rain B. cloud C. river 答案:B 解析:水蒸气凝结会形成云,cloud 云;rain 雨是云进一步变化形成的,river 河流不符合该过程。 4. We need water to ______ the plants in the garden. A. wash B. water C. cook 答案:B 解析:water 作动词时意为浇灌,符合浇灌植物的语境;wash 洗,cook 烹饪均不适用。 5. The water in the well comes from ______. A. groundwater B. sea C. cloud 答案:A 解析:井水来源于地下水,groundwater 地下水;sea 海洋,cloud 云不符合实际。 6. When temperature drops below 0℃, water will ______. A. melt B. freeze C. evaporate 答案:B 解析:温度降到0℃以下时水会结冰,freeze 结冰;melt 融化,evaporate 蒸发不符合条件。 7. The rain falls down and ______ into the river. A. flows B. turns C. takes 答案:A 解析:雨水落下后会流入河流,flow into 意为流入,是固定搭配。 8. Steam is the ______ form of water. A. solid B. liquid C. gas 答案:C 解析:水蒸气是水的气体形态,gas 气体,符合科学常识。 9. We use water to ______ our hands before meals. A. clean B. wash C. water 答案:B 解析:wash hands 是固定搭配,意为洗手;clean 侧重清洁杂物,water 浇灌不符合语境。 10. The water cycle needs the ______ to provide energy. A. moon B. sun C. star 答案:B 解析:水循环的能量来源于太阳,太阳的热量促使水蒸发,sun 太阳符合题意。 (2)词性转换题 1. The sun can make the water ______ (evaporate) quickly. 答案:evaporate 解析:make sb./sth. do sth. 是固定结构,后接动词原形。 2. When the temperature rises, ice will ______ (melt) into water. 答案:melt 解析:will 是情态动词,后接动词原形。 3. The ______ (condense) of steam forms small drops of water. 答案:condensation 解析:定冠词 the 后接名词,condense 的名词形式是 condensation,意为凝结。 4. The river ______ (flow) into the sea day and night. 答案:flows 解析:主语 the river 是单数名词,句子为一般现在时,动词用第三人称单数形式。 5. We should save every drop of ______ (water) in our daily life. 答案:water 解析:water 是不可数名词,无复数形式,直接使用原形。 6. The ______ (underground) water is very important for plants. 答案:underground 解析:underground 可作形容词,意为地下的,修饰名词 water,无需变形。 7. The cloud is made of many small ______ (drop) of water. 答案:drops 解析:many 后接可数名词复数,drop 的复数形式是 drops。 8. It is important to learn about the ______ (water) cycle. 答案:water 解析:water cycle 是固定短语,意为水循环,water 作定语无需变形。 9. When the water cools down, it will turn into ______ (ice). 答案:ice 解析:ice 是不可数名词,意为冰,无复数形式,直接使用原形。 10. The rain helps to ______ (clean) the air. 答案:clean 解析:help to do sth. 是固定结构,to 后接动词原形。 三、重点词组与句型 1. turn into 变成 2. come from 来自 3. fall down 落下 4. flow into 流入 5. take in 吸收 6. give off 释放 核心句型 1. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds. 2. Where does the water in the river come from? It comes from the rain and groundwater. 四、语法知识:Where does ... come from? 一、定义:句型结构 特殊疑问句:Where does + 单数名词/不可数名词 + come from? 用于询问某物的来源,主语为第三人称单数或不可数名词时助动词用 does。 • 回答:It comes from + 地点/事物. 二、描述自然过程的常用表达: 描述水循环的步骤:The sun shines on the sea → The water evaporates → It turns into steam → The steam condenses into clouds → The clouds become heavy → The rain falls down → The water flows into rivers and seas. 三、常考点&易错点: 1. 易错点:混淆助动词 do/does,主语为不可数名词(如 water)时,必须用 does,不能用 do。 错误:Where do the water come from? 正确:Where does the water come from? 2. 易错点:回答时动词形式错误,主语 it 为第三人称单数,动词 come 要使用第三人称单数形式 comes。 错误:It come from the sea. 正确:It comes from the sea. 例题精讲 1.(对划线部分提问)The water in the bottle comes from the tap. ______ ______ the water in the bottle ______ ______? 答案:Where does; come from 解析:划线部分是来源,用 Where does ... come from? 句型,主语为不可数名词 water。 2.(改写句子)The rain comes from clouds.(改为特殊疑问句) ______ ______ the rain ______ ______? 答案:Where does; come from 解析:直接套用句型结构,主语 rain 为不可数名词,助动词用 does。 3.(连词成句)from / where / the / does / steam / come ______________________________________________________ 答案:Where does the steam come from? 解析:根据特殊疑问句结构“疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他”排列单词。 五、语法习题 (1)选择题 1. — ______ does the milk come from? — It comes from cows. A. What B. Where C. When 答案:B 解析:答语回答的是来源,用 where 提问,意为哪里;what 什么,when 什么时候不符合语境。 2. Where ______ the wind come from? A. do B. does C. is 答案:B 解析:主语 the wind 是不可数名词,一般现在时的特殊疑问句中助动词用 does。 3. The steam ______ from the boiling water. A. come B. comes C. coming 答案:B 解析:主语 the steam 是不可数名词,句子为一般现在时,动词用第三人称单数形式。 4. — Where does the rain come from? — It ______ from the clouds. A. come B. comes C. coming 答案:B 解析:主语 it 是第三人称单数,一般现在时中动词用第三人称单数形式 comes。 5. Where ______ your mother come from? A. does B. do C. is 答案:A 解析:主语 your mother 是第三人称单数,一般现在时的特殊疑问句中助动词用 does。 6. The water in the glass ______ from the river. A. come B. comes C. coming 答案:B 解析:主语 the water 是不可数名词,一般现在时中动词用第三人称单数形式 comes。 7. ______ does the snow come from? A. Where B. What C. How 答案:A 解析:询问雪的来源用 where,意为哪里;what 什么,how 怎样不符合题意。 8. It ______ from the cold clouds in winter. A. come B. comes C. coming 答案:B 解析:主语 it 是第三人称单数,一般现在时中动词用第三人称单数形式 comes。 9. Where does the ______ come from? A. water B. flowers C. trees 答案:A 解析:句中助动词用了 does,说明主语是单数名词或不可数名词,water 是不可数名词;flowers 和 trees 是复数名词,对应的助动词应为 do。 10. The juice in the bottle ______ from fresh fruits. A. come B. comes C. coming 答案:B 解析:主语 the juice 是不可数名词,一般现在时中动词用第三人称单数形式 comes。 (2)句型转换题 1. The steam comes from boiling water.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the steam ______ ______? 答案:Where does; come from 解析:划线部分是来源,用 Where does ... come from? 句型,主语 steam 是不可数名词,助动词用 does,动词 come 用原形。 2. The water in the river comes from the mountains.(改为一般疑问句) ______ the water in the river ______ from the mountains? 答案:Does; come 解析:主语 the water 是不可数名词,一般现在时的一般疑问句用助动词 does 开头,后面的动词 comes 变回原形 come。 3. Does the rain come from the sea?(作否定回答) No, ______ ______. 答案:it doesn’t 解析:一般疑问句的否定回答结构为 No, 主语+助动词+not,主语 the rain 用 it 指代,助动词 does 加 not 缩写为 doesn’t。 4. The snow comes from cold clouds.(改为否定句) The snow ______ ______ from cold clouds. 答案:doesn’t come 解析:主语 the snow 是不可数名词,一般现在时的否定句在动词前加 doesn’t,动词 comes 变回原形 come。 5. Where does the water come from?(用 tap 回答) ______ ______ from the tap. 答案:It comes 解析:回答来源用 It comes from ... 结构,主语 the water 用 it 指代,动词用第三人称单数形式 comes。 Unit 2: Wind 一、重点词汇 强度形容词类 1.gentle /ˈdʒentl/ adj. 轻柔的 常考词组:gentle wind 微风;gentle touch 轻柔的触摸 用法拓展:多用来修饰自然现象(风、雨)或动作,强调“温和、不猛烈”,反义词为 strong/heavy 例句:A gentle wind is blowing through the park.一阵微风正吹过公园。 2. strong /strɒŋ/ adj. 强劲的 常考词组:strong wind 大风;strong typhoon 强台风;strong enough 足够强劲 用法拓展:可修饰风、雨、力量等,强调“强度大”,反义词为 weak/gentle 例句:The strong wind stopped us from going hiking.大风阻止了我们去徒步旅行。 3.heavy /ˈhevi/ adj. 猛烈的 常考词组:heavy wind 狂风;heavy rain 大雨;heavy storm 暴雨 用法拓展:侧重描述自然现象“强度大、来势猛”,常见搭配为 heavy + 自然现象名词 例句:A heavy wind hit the coastal area last night.昨晚一股狂风袭击了沿海地区。 4.weak /wiːk/ adj. 微弱的 常考词组:weak wind 微风;weak sunlight 微弱的阳光 用法拓展:强调“强度小、力度弱”,反义词为 strong,可修饰风、光线、声音等 例句:We can hardly feel the weak wind today.今天我们几乎感觉不到这微弱的风。 5.typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ n. 台风 常考词组:strong typhoon 强台风;typhoon warning 台风预警;during the typhoon 在台风期间 用法拓展:可数名词,特指西北太平洋海域的强热带气旋,是上海中考常考的自然现象类词汇 例句:Schools are closed because of the typhoon.由于台风,学校停课了。 6.hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ n. 飓风 常考词组:hurricane season 飓风季;hurricane damage 飓风破坏 用法拓展:可数名词,特指大西洋或东北太平洋海域的强热带气旋,与 typhoon 是同义但地域不同的表达 例句:Hurricanes often cause great damage to coastal cities.飓风经常给沿海城市造成巨大破坏。 7.breeze /briːz/ n. 微风 常考词组:cool breeze 凉风;sea breeze 海风;gentle breeze 和风 用法拓展:可数名词,特指“轻柔、宜人的风”,比 wind 更具体,常用搭配为 gentle/cool + breeze 例句:We enjoyed the cool breeze on the beach.我们在海滩上享受着凉爽的海风。 相关现象类 1.blow /bləʊ/ v. 吹 常考词组:blow away 吹走;blow down 吹倒;blow hard 刮得猛;blow gently 轻轻吹 用法拓展:不及物动词(主语为风、气流)或及物动词(后接宾语),过去式 blew,过去分词 blown,是本单元核心动词 例句:The wind is blowing gently.风正在轻轻吹。 2.wave /weɪv/ n. 波浪 常考词组:big waves 大浪;sea waves 海浪;ride the waves 冲浪 用法拓展:可数名词,特指水面因风形成的“波浪”,复数形式为 waves,常与 big/small 搭配 例句:The wind made big waves on the lake.风在湖面上掀起了大浪。 3.leaf /liːf/ n. 树叶(复数 leaves) 常考词组:falling leaves 落叶;green leaves 绿叶;blow the leaves away 吹走树叶 用法拓展:可数名词,复数变化为不规则变化(leaf → leaves),是上海中考单复数常考点 例句:The wind is carrying the yellow leaves through the air.风正带着黄叶在空中飘动。 4.kite /kaɪt/ n. 风筝 常考词组:fly a kite 放风筝;a kite flying in the sky 在空中飞的风筝 用法拓展:可数名词,常用搭配为 fly a kite(单数)/fly kites(复数),是本单元核心活动类词汇 例句:Children like to fly kites on windy days.孩子们喜欢在有风的日子里放风筝。 5.windmill /ˈwɪndmɪl/ n. 风车 常考词组:windmill farm 风车农场;turning windmill 转动的风车 用法拓展:可数名词,由 wind(风)+ mill(磨坊)构成的合成词,常与 turn(转动)搭配 例句:The windmill turns fast when the wind is strong.风大的时候,风车转得很快。 6.sail /seɪl/ v. 航行;扬帆 常考词组:sail a boat 扬帆起航;sail on the sea 在海上航行;go sailing 去航海 用法拓展:及物动词(后接 boat/ship 等宾语)或不及物动词,常与 wind/sea 搭配使用 例句:We can sail a boat on the river if the wind is nice.如果风合适,我们可以在河上扬帆划船。 7.storm /stɔːm/ n. 暴风雨 常考词组:heavy storm 强暴风雨;thunderstorm 雷暴;during the storm 在暴风雨期间 用法拓展:可数名词,特指“伴有强风、大雨的猛烈天气”,是 heavy wind 和 heavy rain 的结合体 例句:The storm lasted for three hours last night.昨晚的暴风雨持续了三个小时。 相关活动类 1.fly a kite 放风筝 常考词组:learn to fly a kite 学放风筝;fly a kite high 把风筝放得很高 用法拓展:固定动词短语,fly 此处为“放飞”之意,宾语 kite 可单可复,是本单元重点活动表达 例句:My brother taught me to fly a kite last weekend.上周末我哥哥教我放风筝。 2.sail a boat 扬帆起航 常考词组:sail a small boat 驾驶小船;sail a boat across the lake 驾船横渡湖面 用法拓展:固定动词短语,sail 强调“借助风力航行”,区别于 row a boat(划船,靠人力) 例句:They plan to sail a boat on the lake this Sunday.他们计划这个周日去湖上扬帆划船。 3.dry /draɪ/ v. 晾干 常考词组:dry sth. in the wind 把某物放在风中晾干;dry up 干涸;dry out 晾干(衣物等) 用法拓展:及物动词(后接衣物、地面等宾语)或不及物动词,dry up 特指“水源干涸”,dry out 特指“潮湿物品变干” 例句1:We can dry the wet clothes in the wind.我们可以把湿衣服放在风中晾干。。 4.cool down 降温 常考词组:cool down the air 使空气降温;cool off 降温(口语);help sb. cool down 帮助某人降温 用法拓展:动词短语,可作及物(后接宾语)或不及物,强调“温度由高变低”,常见于天气、环境描述 例句:The wind helps to cool down the hot air in summer.夏天,风有助于给炎热的空气降温。 二、词汇专项习题 (1)词汇辨析题 1. The sea is full of big ______ when the wind is strong. A. waves B. leaves C. kites 答案:A 解析:大风时海上会出现“大浪”,waves 表示“波浪”,符合题意;leaves(树叶)、kites(风筝)与“海面”场景无关。 2. We can ______ a boat on the lake when the wind is nice. A. fly B. sail C. blow 答案:B 解析:“扬帆划船”的固定表达是 sail a boat,sail 表示“航行;扬帆”,符合题意;fly 表示“飞”,blow 表示“吹”,均与“boat”搭配不当。 3. The wind is too ______, so we can’t go out to play. A. gentle B. weak C. strong 答案:C 解析:“不能出去玩”说明风的强度过大,strong(强劲的)符合题意;gentle(轻柔的)、weak(微弱的)均不会影响外出。 4. The ______ turns quickly when the wind blows hard. A. kite B. windmill C. leaf 答案:B 解析:结合常识,“风吹得猛时会快速转动”的是 windmill(风车);kite(风筝)会飞起,leaf(树叶)会被吹走,均不符合“转动”的特征。 5. On a sunny day, we can feel a ______ breeze on the beach. A. gentle B. strong C. heavy 答案:A 解析:结合语境“晴朗的日子里”,海滩上的微风应是“轻柔的”,gentle 符合题意;strong 表示“强劲的”,heavy 表示“猛烈的”,均与“breeze(微风)”搭配不当。 6. A ______ can blow down trees and houses. A. breeze B. typhoon C. wind 答案:B 解析:能“吹倒树和房子”的是强度极大的风,typhoon(台风)符合题意;breeze(微风)强度不足,wind 是泛指“风”,不够具体。 7. We can fly kites when there is a ______ wind. A. weak B. strong C. gentle 答案:C 解析:放风筝需要“适度的风”,gentle(轻柔的)符合实际场景;weak(微弱的)风不足以让风筝飞起,strong(强劲的)风可能会吹坏风筝。 8. The wind can ______ the dry leaves away. A. blow B. fly C. sail 答案:A 解析:“风吹走枯叶”是固定搭配 blow away,blow 表示“吹”,符合题意;fly 表示“飞”,sail 表示“航行”,均与“枯叶”搭配不当。 9. After the rain, the wind helps to ______ the wet clothes. A. cool down B. dry C. blow 答案:B 解析:雨后风的作用是“晾干湿衣服”,dry 表示“晾干”,符合题意;cool down 表示“降温”,blow 表示“吹”,均未体现“干燥”的结果。 10. The ______ is a kind of very strong wind. A. breeze B. typhoon C. wind 答案:B 解析:“一种非常强劲的风”指的是 typhoon(台风);breeze(微风)是弱风,wind 是泛指,不符合“特定强风类型”的定义。 (2)词性转换题 1. The wind is blowing ______ (gentle) through the window. 答案:gently 解析:此处修饰动词 blowing,需用副词形式,gentle 的副词是 gently。 2. A ______ (strong) wind can blow away the small house. 答案:strong 解析:此处修饰名词 wind,需用形容词形式,strong 本身就是形容词,无需变形。 3. The leaves are ______ (blow) away by the wind. 答案:blown 解析:主语 leaves 与动词 blow 是被动关系,需用被动语态“be + 过去分词”,blow 的过去分词是 blown。 4. We like to fly ______ (kite) on a windy day. 答案:kites 解析:kite 是可数名词,此处表示泛指“风筝”,需用复数形式 kites。 5. The ______ (leaf) on the tree are falling down in the wind. 答案:leaves 解析:根据谓语动词 are 可知,主语需用复数形式,leaf 的复数是 leaves。 6. The wind can make the clothes ______ (dry) quickly. 答案:dry 解析:make + 宾语 + 形容词,dry 可作形容词,意为“干燥的”,符合“使衣服变干”的语境。 7. The windmill turns ______ (quick) when the wind is strong. 答案:quickly 解析:此处修饰动词 turns,需用副词形式,quick 的副词是 quickly。 8. The storm made a lot of ______ (noisy) last night. 答案:noise 解析:a lot of 后接名词,noisy 是形容词,其名词形式是 noise(不可数名词)。 9. The wind helps to ______ (cool) down the hot air. 答案:cool 解析:help to 后接动词原形,cool 本身就是动词原形,意为“使冷却”。 10. There will be a ______ (hurricane) in the southern area. 答案:hurricane 解析:hurricane 是可数名词,前面有不定冠词 a,需用单数形式。 三、重点词组与句型 1. blow away 吹走 用法拓展:及物短语,后接宾语(名词/代词),代词需放在 away 前,如 blow it away 例句:The strong wind blew the paper away.大风把纸吹走了。 2. fly a kite 放风筝 (同核心词汇“kite”相关拓展,此处补充同义表达) 用法拓展:同义短语为 fly kites(复数形式),是上海中考书面表达常用活动类短语 例句:It's fun to fly a kite in the park.在公园里放风筝很有趣。 3. sail a boat 扬帆起航 (同核心词汇“sail”相关拓展,此处补充语境用法) 用法拓展:常用于描述休闲活动或交通工具使用,区别于 drive a car(开车)、ride a bike(骑自行车) 例句:People often sail a boat on the lake during holidays.假期里,人们经常在湖上扬帆划船。 4. dry up 干涸 用法拓展:不及物短语,主语多为河流、湖泊等水源,强调“因缺水或大风导致干涸” 例句:The lake dried up after a long period of strong wind.经过长时间的大风,这个湖干涸了。 5. cool down 降温 (同核心词汇“cool down”相关拓展,此处补充人际场景用法) 用法拓展:除描述天气外,还可表示“使人冷静下来”,如 cool down sb.'s anger(平息某人的怒气) 例句:Drinking some cold water can help you cool down.喝些冷水能帮你降温(或冷静下来)。 6. make noise 发出声响 用法拓展:不可数名词短语,noise 为“噪音、声响”,复数形式 noises 特指“多种声响”,常见搭配为 make a lot of noise(发出很大声响) 例句:The storm made a lot of noise last night.昨晚的暴风雨发出了很大的声响。 核心句型 1. It feels gentle.它感觉很轻柔。 拓展句型:It feels + 形容词(如 soft/warm/cool),用于描述事物的触觉特征 例句:The woolen scarf feels soft.这条羊毛围巾感觉很柔软。 2. It sounds noisy outside.外面听起来很吵。 拓展句型:It sounds + 形容词(如 scary/wonderful/interesting),用于描述事物的听觉特征 例句:The music sounds wonderful.这首音乐听起来很棒。 3. What can the wind do?风能做什么? 拓展句型:What can + 其他主语(如 animals/plants/we)+ do? 用于询问“某物/某人能做什么” 例句:What can birds do?鸟能做什么? 4. It can blow the leaves away.它能吹走树叶。 拓展句型:It can + 动词原形 + 其他(如 help people/cool the air),用于回答“某物能做什么” 例句:Birds can fly in the sky.鸟能在天空中飞。 四、语法知识:感官动词 look/feel/sound... + 形容词;What can the wind do? 句型 一、感官动词用法 句型结构:感官动词(look/feel/sound/smell/taste) + 形容词 感官动词在此处作系动词,后接形容词作表语,描述人或事物的感官特征。 例:The wind feels gentle.(风感觉很轻柔);The storm sounds scary.(暴风雨听起来很吓人) 二、What can the wind do? 句型 特殊疑问句:What can + 主语 + do? 用于询问某物能够做什么,情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 回答:It can + 动词原形 + 其他. 例句:What can birds do?鸟能做什么? ---------Birds can fly in the sky.鸟能在天空中飞。 三、易错点提醒: ①易错点1:感官动词后接副词错误,感官动词作系动词时,必须接形容词,不能接副词。 错误:The wind feels gently. 正确:The wind feels gentle. ②易错点2:情态动词 can 后必须接动词原形。 错误:It can blows the leaves. 正确:It can blow the leaves. ③易错点3:可数名词单复数混淆,leaf 的复数形式是 leaves,不是 leafs。 例题精讲 1、(改写句子)The wind is gentle.(用 feel 改写) The wind ______ ______. 答案:feels gentle 解析:感官动词 feel 作系动词,后接形容词 gentle 作表语,主语 wind 为不可数名词,feel 用第三人称单数形式。 2、(对划线部分提问)The wind can blow the kites high.(划线部分:blow the kites high) ______ ______ the wind ______? 答案:What can; do 解析:划线部分是风的作用,用 What can ... do? 句型提问。 3、 (连词成句)feel / the / wind / does / how ________________________________________________ 答案:How does the wind feel? 解析:根据疑问词 how 可知是特殊疑问句,助动词 does 提前,主语 the wind 后接动词原形 feel,符合“疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语”的结构。 五、语法习题 (1)选择题 1. What can we do ______ the wind? A.at B. on C. in 答案:C 解析:“在风中”的固定搭配是 in the wind,on 和 at 均不能与 wind 搭配表示该含义。 2. The flowers ______ beautiful in the wind. A. look B. looks C. looking 答案:A 解析:感官动词 look 作系动词,后接形容词 beautiful 作表语,主语 flowers 是复数名词,谓语动词用原形 look;looks 是第三人称单数形式,looking 是现在分词,不能单独作谓语。 3. The wind can ______ the sailboat move fast. A. make B. makes C. making 答案:A 解析:情态动词 can 后接动词原形,make 是原形,makes 是第三人称单数形式,making 是现在分词,故选 A。 4. How does the wind ______ today? A.feels B. feel C. feeling 答案:B 解析:助动词 does 后接动词原形,feel 是原形,feels 是第三人称单数形式,feeling 是现在分词,故选 B。 5. The typhoon can ______ down big trees. A. blow B. blows C. blowing 答案:A 解析:情态动词 can 后接动词原形,blow 是原形,blows 是第三人称单数形式,blowing 是现在分词,故选 A。 6. The wind ______ cool on a summer afternoon. A.feel B. feels C. feeling 答案:B 解析:感官动词 feel 作系动词,后接形容词 cool 作表语,主语 wind 是不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 feels;feel 是原形,feeling 是现在分词,不能单独作谓语。 7. The wind ______ gentle on my face. A. feels B. feels like C. feeling 答案:A 解析:感官动词 feel 作系动词,后接形容词 gentle 作表语,主语 wind 是不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 feels;feels like 后接名词/代词,feeling 是现在分词,不能单独作谓语。 8. The storm ______ scary at night. A.sounding B. sound C. sounds 答案:C 解析:感官动词 sound 作系动词,后接形容词 scary 作表语,主语 storm 是单数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 sounds;sound 是原形,sounding 是现在分词,不能单独作谓语。 9. What ______ the wind do? A. can B. does C. is 答案:A 解析:根据答语“它能做什么”可知,此处询问“风能够做什么”,用情态动词 can;does 用于一般现在时的实义动词提问,is 用于现在进行时或系动词提问,均不符合语境。 10. It ______ blow the clouds away. A. cans B. can C. is 答案:B 解析:情态动词 can 后接动词原形 blow,无复数形式 cans;is 后接现在分词,不能接动词原形,故选 B。 (2) 句型转换题 1. The wind sounds noisy.(改为一般疑问句) ______ the wind ______ noisy? 答案:Does; sound 解析:感官动词 sound 作谓语,主语 wind 是不可数名词,改为一般疑问句时需用助动词 does 提前,后接动词原形 sound。 2. The wind can blow away the leaves.(对划线部分提问)(划线部分:blow away the leaves) ______ ______ the wind ______? 答案:What can; do 解析:划线部分是风的具体动作,询问“某物能做什么”用 What can + 主语 + do? 句型,故填 What can 和 do。 3. The wind feels gentle.(对划线部分提问)(划线部分:gentle) ______ ______ the wind ______? 答案:How does; feel 解析:划线部分“gentle”是风的感官特征,询问“某物感觉怎么样”用 How does + 主语 + feel? 句型,主语 wind 是不可数名词,助动词用 does,后接动词原形 feel。 4. Can the wind make the windmill turn?(作肯定回答) Yes, ______ ______. 答案:it can 解析:以 Can 开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语 + can”,此处主语 the wind 用代词 it 指代,故填 it can。 5. The wind can cool down the air.(改为否定句) The wind ______ cool down the air. 答案:can't 解析:情态动词 can 的否定形式是 can't,后接动词原形,故填 can't。 Unit 3: Fire 一、重点词汇 相关事物类 1. match /mætʃ/ n. 火柴 常考词组:a box of matches 一盒火柴;light a match 点燃火柴;strike a match 划火柴 用法拓展:可数名词,复数形式为 matches,常用搭配“数量词 + box of + matches”表示火柴数量;除“火柴”外,还可表示“比赛、匹配”,本单元侧重“火柴”义项。 例句:He struck a match to light the candle. 他划了一根火柴点燃蜡烛。 2. candle /ˈkændl/ n. 蜡烛 常考词组:light a candle 点燃蜡烛;blow out a candle 吹灭蜡烛;a candle flame 烛火 用法拓展:可数名词,复数形式为 candles,常用于停电、节日等场景;“blow out”后接 candle 时,需注意“吹灭”的动作搭配,区别于“put out”(扑灭大火)。 例句:She blew out the candle and made a wish. 她吹灭蜡烛并许了个愿。 3. fire /ˈfaɪə(r)/ n. 火 常考词组:make a fire 生火;put out a fire 灭火;on fire 着火;catch fire 起火 用法拓展:不可数名词,表“火”的总称时无复数;表“火灾”时可与不定冠词连用(a fire);相关动词搭配需注意:“生火”用 make,“灭火”用 put out,“着火”用 be on fire/catch fire。 例句:We make a fire to keep warm in the countryside. 我们在乡下生火取暖。 4. flame /fleɪm/ n. 火焰 常考词组:a bright flame 明亮的火焰;blue flame 蓝色火焰;jump into flames 突然着火 用法拓展:可数名词,复数形式为 flames,侧重“可见的火焰、火苗”,区别于 fire(火的总称);常用形容词 bright/hot/red 修饰,描述火焰的状态。 例句:The flame of the candle danced in the wind. 烛火在风中跳动。 5. wood /wʊd/ n. 木头 常考词组:dry wood 干木头;cut wood 砍柴;wood fire 柴火 用法拓展:不可数名词,表“木头、木材”时无复数;表“树林”时为可数名词(woods),本单元侧重“木头”义项;常用 dry 修饰,用于生火场景。 例句:Dry wood burns easily. 干木头很容易燃烧。 6. coal /kəʊl/ n. 煤 常考词组:burn coal 烧煤;a piece of coal 一块煤;coal fire 煤火 用法拓展:不可数名词,表“煤”的总称;表示“一块煤”需用“a piece of coal”;常用于工业、取暖等场景,与 wood 均为常见燃料。 例句:People used to burn coal to heat their houses. 人们过去常烧煤取暖。 7. lighter /ˈlaɪtə(r)/ n. 打火机 常考词组:a cigarette lighter 打火机;use a lighter 用打火机;a gas lighter 燃气打火机 用法拓展:可数名词,复数形式为 lighters,由动词 light(点燃)派生而来;是现代常用的点火工具,区别于 match(火柴),使用更便捷。 例句:Don’t let children use a lighter. It’s dangerous. 不要让孩子用打火机,很危险。 8. firefighter /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/ n. 消防员 常考词组:a brave firefighter 勇敢的消防员;call the firefighters 呼叫消防员;firefighter uniform 消防服 用法拓展:可数名词,复数形式为 firefighters,合成词(fire + fighter),字面意为“与火抗争的人”;对应职业动作“put out fires 灭火”,是安全话题核心职业名词。 例句:Firefighters risk their lives to save people from fires.消防员冒着生命危险从火灾中救人。 9. fire engine /ˈfaɪə endʒɪn/ n. 消防车 常考词组:a red fire engine 红色消防车;fire engine siren 消防车警报;drive a fire engine 开消防车 用法拓展:可数名词,复数形式为 fire engines,合成词(fire + engine);核心功能是运输消防员、携带灭火设备,标志性颜色为红色。 例句:We can hear the fire engine siren in the distance. 我们能听到远处的消防车警报声。 10. fire station /ˈfaɪə steɪʃn/ n. 消防站 常考词组:near the fire station 靠近消防站;at the fire station 在消防站;fire station training 消防站训练 用法拓展:可数名词,复数形式为 fire stations,合成词(fire + station);是消防员工作、待命的场所,通常配备消防车、消防器材等。 例句:The fire station is only five minutes’ walk from here. 消防站离这儿只有五分钟的步行路程。 安全行为类 1. safe /seɪf/ adj. 安全的 常考词组:be safe from 免受……的伤害;safe place 安全的地方;arrive safe 安全到达 用法拓展:形容词,反义词为 dangerous(危险的);常用搭配“be safe + 介词/副词”,也可作定语修饰名词;其副词形式为 safely,用于修饰动词。 例句:We are safe in the fire station. 我们在消防站里是安全的。 2. careful /ˈkeəfl/ adj. 小心的 常考词组:be careful with 小心……;be careful not to do 小心不要做……;be careful of 注意…… 用法拓展:形容词,由名词 care 派生而来,副词形式为 carefully;常用搭配“be careful + 介词”,后接需要注意的对象;是安全话题核心提醒类形容词。 例句:Be careful with the hot flame. Don’t touch it. 小心热火焰,不要碰它。 3. protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护 常考词组:protect sb. from 保护某人免受……;protect sth. against 保护某物抵御……;protect the environment 保护环境 用法拓展:及物动词,后必须接宾语;核心搭配“protect + 宾语 + from/against”,from/against 后接需要抵御的对象(如 fire、danger 等)。 例句:Parents should protect their children from fire danger. 父母应该保护孩子免受火灾危险。 4. put out /pʊt aʊt/ 扑灭 常考词组:put out a fire 灭火;put out the candle 吹灭蜡烛;put out the cigarette 熄灭香烟 用法拓展:动词短语,可作及物动词,后接“火、蜡烛、香烟”等宾语;区别于 blow out(侧重“吹灭”小火焰),put out 可用于“扑灭”各种规模的火,包括大火。 例句:We can use water to put out small fires. 我们可以用水扑灭小火。 5. turn off /tɜːn ɒf/ 关掉 常考词组:turn off the gas 关掉煤气;turn off the light 关灯;turn off the TV 关掉电视 用法拓展:动词短语,及物动词性质,后接“电器、燃气、水龙头”等可控制开关的物品;反义词组为 turn on(打开),是日常及安全场景高频短语。 例句:Remember to turn off the gas before you leave home. 离家前记得关掉煤气。 6. escape /ɪˈskeɪp/ v. 逃离 常考词组:escape from 从……逃离;escape to 逃到……;escape danger 逃离危险 用法拓展:可作及物动词(后接 danger、death 等宾语)或不及物动词(后接 from + 地点);过去式和过去分词为 escaped,是火灾安全逃生场景核心动词。 例句:People tried to escape from the burning building. 人们试图从着火的大楼里逃离。 危险行为类 1. dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ adj. 危险的 常考词组:dangerous thing 危险的东西;dangerous place 危险的地方;be dangerous to do 做……是危险的 用法拓展:形容词,反义词为 safe(安全的);由名词 danger 派生而来,常用搭配“be dangerous + 介词/to do”;可作定语修饰名词,或作表语。 例句:It’s dangerous to play with fire in the forest. 在森林里玩火是危险的。 2. play with 玩耍 常考词组:play with fire 玩火;play with matches 玩火柴;play with toys 玩玩具 用法拓展:动词短语,后接名词/代词作宾语;本单元重点关注“play with + 危险物品”(火、火柴等)的负面用法,表“随意摆弄、玩耍”,隐含危险含义。 例句:Don’t play with matches. They may start a fire. 不要玩火柴,它们可能会引发火灾。 3. burn /bɜːn/ v. 燃烧;烧伤 常考词组:burn down 烧毁;burn out 烧尽;get burned 被烧伤;burn wood 烧木头 用法拓展:可作及物或不及物动词;表“燃烧”时主语可为物(如 wood、fire),表“烧伤”时主语可为人,常用被动形式 get burned;过去式和过去分词可作 burned 或 burnt。 例句:The big fire burned down many houses. 大火烧毁了许多房子。 4. hurt /hɜːt/ v. 伤害 常考词组:hurt sb. 伤害某人;hurt oneself 伤到自己;get hurt 受伤 用法拓展:及物动词,后接人作宾语;可指身体上的“伤害、疼痛”,也可指心理上的“伤害”;过去式和过去分词均为 hurt,无变化;本单元侧重身体上的烧伤、撞伤等。 例句:The hot flame can hurt your skin. 热火焰会伤害你的皮肤。 5. smoke /sməʊk/ n. 烟 常考词组:black smoke 黑烟;thick smoke 浓烟;smoke from fire 火产生的烟;choke on smoke 被烟呛到 用法拓展:不可数名词,表“烟”的总称;常用形容词 black/thick 修饰,描述烟的颜色和浓度;也可作动词,表“吸烟”,本单元侧重“烟”的名词义项。 例句:Thick smoke came out of the burning house.浓烟从着火的房子里冒出来。 二、词汇专项习题 (1)词汇辨析题 1. We need a ______ to light the candle. A. match B. wood C. coal 答案:A 解析:结合语境“点燃蜡烛”,需要的是火柴(match);wood(木头)和 coal(煤)是用来生火的燃料,不能直接点燃蜡烛,故选 A。 2. ______ can help us put out big fires. A. Lighters B. Firefighters C. Candles 答案:B 解析:put out big fires 意为“扑灭大火”,能完成此动作的是消防员(Firefighters);Lighters(打火机)用于点火,Candles(蜡烛)是火源,均不符合题意,故选 B。 3. It is ______ to play with fire at home. A. safe B. careful C. dangerous 答案:C 解析:常识可知“在家玩火”是危险的,dangerous(危险的)符合语境;safe(安全的)与题意相反,careful(小心的)是形容词,不能描述“玩火”这件事的属性,故选 C。 4. Please ______ the gas when you finish cooking. A. turn off B. put out C. stay away 答案:A 解析:结合语境“做完饭”,应是关掉煤气(turn off the gas);put out 后接“火”,表“灭火”,stay away 后需接 from,表“远离”,均与“煤气”搭配不当,故选 A。 5. We must ______ from the burning building quickly. A. escape B. protect C. burn 答案:A 解析:burning building 意为“着火的大楼”,此时应快速逃离(escape);protect(保护)后需接宾语,burn(燃烧;烧伤)不符合“逃离危险”的语境,故选 A。 6. The ______ is red and hot. A. flame B. smoke C. wind 答案:A 解析:red and hot(红色且炎热)是火焰(flame)的特征;smoke(烟)通常是灰色或黑色的,wind(风)无颜色和“炎热”的属性,故选 A。 7. Don’t ______ the hot flame. It will hurt you. A.put B. play C. touch 答案:C 解析:结合后半句“会伤害你”,此处应是“不要触碰(touch)热火焰”;play 后需接 with 才表“玩耍”,put 需搭配介词构成短语(如 put out),单独使用不完整,故选 C。 8. We use ______ to make a fire in the countryside. A. candles B. wood C. firefighters 答案:B 解析:make a fire 意为“生火”,在乡下常用木头(wood)生火;candles(蜡烛)是已点燃的火源,firefighters(消防员)是灭火的人,均不符合题意,故选 B。 9. When there is a fire, we should call the ______. A. fire engine B. fire station C. firefighters 答案:C 解析:着火时应呼叫消防员(firefighters);fire engine(消防车)是交通工具,不能“呼叫”,fire station(消防站)是地点,呼叫的对象应是人,故选 C。 10. Fire can ______ us warm in winter. A. keep B. play C. hurt 答案:A 解析:keep sb. warm 是固定搭配“让某人暖和”,符合“冬天火的作用”;play(玩耍)和 hurt(伤害)均与“暖和”的语境不符,故选 A。 (2)词性转换题 1. It is ______ (danger) to play with matches at home. 答案:dangerous 解析:It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 是固定句型,danger 是名词,其形容词形式是 dangerous(危险的),符合语境。 2. We must be ______ (care) when we use candles. 答案:careful 解析:be 动词后接形容词作表语,care 是动词/名词,其形容词形式是 careful(小心的),“be careful”是固定表达“小心”。 3. The ______ (fire) are trying their best to put out the big fire. 答案:firefighters 解析:根据谓语动词 are 可知,主语是复数形式,结合“扑灭大火”的动作,应是“消防员”,fire 相关的“消防员”是 firefighter,复数形式为 firefighters。 4. Don’t touch the flame. It will ______ (burn) your fingers. 答案:burn 解析:will 是情态动词,后接动词原形,burn 本身就是动词原形,意为“烧伤”,符合语境。 5. We should learn how to ______ (safe) escape from a fire. 答案:safely 解析:此处修饰动词 escape(逃离),需用副词形式,safe 是形容词,其副词形式是 safely(安全地)。 6. The ______ (smoke) from the fire is bad for our health. 答案:smoke 解析:定冠词 The 后接名词,smoke 可作不可数名词,意为“烟”,此处直接用原形即可,符合“火产生的烟有害健康”的语境。 7. Fire can ______ (heat) our houses in cold days. 答案:heat 解析:can 是情态动词,后接动词原形,heat 可作动词,意为“加热;使温暖”,符合“冬天火能给房子供暖”的语境。 8. We need to use ______ (wood) to start a campfire. 答案:wood 解析:wood 作“木头”讲时是不可数名词,此处直接用原形即可,符合“用木头生篝火”的语境。 9. The ______ (firefight) arrived at the scene quickly. 答案:firefighters 解析:结合语境“到达现场”,应是“消防员”,firefight 是动词“灭火”,对应的名词“消防员”是 firefighter,此处用复数形式 firefighters 表泛指。 10. It is important to teach children about fire ______ (safe). 答案:safety 解析:fire 此处作定语修饰名词,safe 是形容词,其名词形式是 safety(安全),“fire safety”意为“消防安全”,符合语境。 三、重点词组与句型 1. play with fire 玩火 2. put out fire 灭火 3. call the firefighters 呼叫消防员 4. stay away from 远离 5. turn off the gas 关掉煤气 6. escape from fire 逃离火灾 核心句型 1. We must be careful with fire. We mustn’t play with matches. 2. Don’t play with fire! Stay away from the flame! 四、语法知识:情态动词 can/must/mustn’t;祈使句表安全指令 一、情态动词在安全话题中的应用 1、can:表示能力或可能性 例:Fire can keep us warm.(火可以让我们取暖) 2、must:表示必须做的事,表义务 例:We must be careful with fire.(我们必须小心用火) 3、mustn’t:表示禁止做的事 例:We mustn’t play with fire.(我们禁止玩火) 二、祈使句表安全指令 1、肯定祈使句:动词原形 + 其他 例:Stay away from the fire.(远离火源) 2、否定祈使句:Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他 例:Don’t touch the flame.(不要触碰火焰) 3、常考点易错点提醒: 易错点1:mustn’t 与 don’t have to 混淆,mustn’t 表“禁止”,don’t have to 表“没必要”。 错误:We don’t have to play with fire. 正确:We mustn’t play with fire. 易错点2:祈使句否定形式错误,否定祈使句开头必须用 Don’t,不能用 Doesn’t。 错误:Doesn’t play with matches. 正确:Don’t play with matches. 易错点3:情态动词can/must/mustn’t 后都必须接动词原形。 错误:Fire can keeps us warm. 正确:Fire can keep us warm. 例题精讲 1. (改写句子)Playing with fire is dangerous.(用 mustn’t 改写) We ______ ______ with fire. 答案:mustn’t play 解析:mustn’t 后接动词原形 play,表达禁止玩火的指令,符合原句“玩火危险”所隐含的禁止含义。 2. (改为祈使句)You should stay away from the fire. ______ ______ from the fire. 答案:Stay away 解析:肯定祈使句以动词原形开头,直接省略主语 you,原句中的“should”表建议,祈使句直接用动词原形 Stay 表达指令。 3. (连词成句)must / we / careful / be / fire / with ______________________________________________________ 答案:We must be careful with fire. 解析:根据情态动词 must 的用法,must 后接动词原形,“be careful with”是固定搭配“小心……”,主语 we 置于句首,符合“主语 + must + be + 形容词 + 介词短语”的结构。 五、语法习题 (1)选择题 1. We ______ play with fire. It’s very dangerous. A. must B. mustn’t C. can 答案:B 解析:由“非常危险”可知,此处应表达“禁止”玩火,mustn’t 表“禁止”;must 表“必须”,can 表“可以”,均不符合语境,故选 B。 2. Fire ______ keep us warm in winter. A. can B. must C. mustn’t 答案:A 解析:此处表达“火在冬天能够让我们暖和”,can 表“能够、可以”;must 表“必须”,mustn’t 表“禁止”,均不符合火的功能属性,故选 A。 3. ______ touch the hot flame! A. Not B. Don’t C. Doesn’t 答案:B 解析:否定祈使句的正确结构是“Don’t + 动词原形”,Doesn’t 用于第三人称单数的一般现在时否定句,Not 不能单独置于句首构成祈使句否定形式,故选 B。 4. We ______ be careful with matches. A. must B. mustn’t C. can’t 答案:A 解析:“小心火柴”是必须遵守的安全要求,must 表“必须”;mustn’t 表“禁止”,can’t 表“不能”,均不符合安全指令的含义,故选 A。 5. ______ away from the burning area! A. Stay B. Staying C. Stays 答案:A 解析:肯定祈使句以动词原形开头,Stay 是原形;Staying 是现在分词,不能单独作谓语;Stays 是第三人称单数形式,用于陈述句主语为单数时,故选 A。 6. Fire ______ burn down houses quickly. A. must B. mustn’t C. can 答案:C 解析:此处表达“火可能会快速烧毁房子”,can 表“可能性”;must 表“必须”,mustn’t 表“禁止”,均不符合火的特性描述,故选 C。 7. We ______ call the firefighters when there is a big fire. A. must B. mustn’t C. can’t 答案:A 解析:发生大火时,“呼叫消防员”是必须做的事,must 表“必须”;mustn’t 表“禁止”,can’t 表“不能”,均不符合紧急情况的处理要求,故选 A。 8. ______ play with lighters. They are dangerous. A. Don’t B. Doesn’t C. Not 答案:A 解析:否定祈使句开头用 Don’t,后接动词原形 play;Doesn’t 用于第三人称单数主语的否定句,Not 不能单独引导祈使句否定形式,故选 A。 9. Fire ______ hurt people if we are not careful. A. must B. mustn’t C. can 答案:C 解析:此处表达“如果不小心,火可能会伤害人”,can 表“可能性”;must 表“必须”,mustn’t 表“禁止”,均不符合条件假设下的可能性描述,故选 C。 10. We ______ escape from the fire as soon as possible. A. must B. mustn’t C. can’t 答案:A 解析:“尽快逃离火灾”是保障安全的必须动作,must 表“必须”;mustn’t 表“禁止”,can’t 表“不能”,均不符合安全逃生的要求,故选 A。 (2)句型转换题 1. We must turn off the gas.(改为否定句) We ______ ______ turn off the gas. 答案:don’t have to 解析:must 的否定含义需区分“禁止”和“没必要”,原句“必须关掉煤气”的否定是“没必要关掉煤气”,用 don’t have to 表“没必要”;注意 mustn’t 表“禁止”,与原句否定含义不符。 2. You mustn’t play with matches.(改为祈使句) ______ ______ with matches. 答案:Don’t play 解析:原句表“禁止玩火柴”,否定祈使句用“Don’t + 动词原形”,直接省略主语 you,将 play 置于 Don’t 后即可。 3. Can fire keep us warm?(作肯定回答) Yes, ______ ______. 答案:it can 解析:以 Can 开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答结构为“Yes, 主语 + can”,此处主语 fire 用代词 it 指代,故填 it can。 4. We must call the firefighters.(对划线部分提问)(划线部分:call the firefighters) ______ ______ we ______? 答案:What must; do 解析:划线部分是“呼叫消防员”这一动作,询问“我们必须做什么”用“What must + 主语 + do?”句型,what 置于句首,must 紧跟其后,后接动词原形 do。 5. Don’t stay close to the fire.(改为同义句) ______ ______ from the fire. 答案:Stay away 解析:原句意为“不要靠近火”,同义表达为“远离火”,肯定祈使句以动词原形 Stay 开头,“stay away from”是固定搭配“远离”,符合原句的安全指令含义。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 教 师 ___老师 学 生 上课时间 学 科 英语 年 级 __年级 课题名称 Module 4 The natural world 复习讲义 学习目标 内容 Unit 1: Water 一、重点词汇 形态类 1. solid /ˈsɒlɪd/ n. 固体(例:ice 冰) 常考词组:solid form 固体形态;solid ice 固态冰;in solid state 处于固态 拓展用法:可作名词或形容词,作形容词时表示“固体的、坚固的”;本单元侧重“固体”的名词义项,对应水的三种形态之一,反义词为 liquid(液体)和 gas(气体)。 2. liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ n. 液体(例:water 水) 常考词组:liquid water 液态水;liquid form 液体形态;in liquid state 处于液态 拓展用法:可作名词或形容词,作形容词时表示“液态的、流动的”;是水的常见形态,常用搭配“liquid + 物质名词”,如 liquid milk(液态牛奶)。 3. gas /ɡæs/ n. 气体(例:steam 水蒸气) 常考词组:gas form 气体形态;water gas 水蒸气;in gas state 处于气态 拓展用法:可数名词,复数形式为 gases;本单元中特指水蒸发后的气态形式(steam),区别于泛指的“气体”时,需搭配具体限定词(如 water gas)。 4. melt /melt/ v. 融化 常考词组:melt into 融化成……;melt down 熔化;melt quickly 快速融化 拓展用法:可作及物或不及物动词,主语通常为固态物质(如 ice、snow);不及物动词时后接介词 into + 液态物质,及物动词时直接接宾语(如 melt the ice);过去式和过去分词均为 melted。 5. freeze /friːz/ v. 结冰 常考词组:freeze into ice 结成冰;freeze up 冻结;freeze solid 冻硬 拓展用法:可作及物或不及物动词,主语多为液体(如 water);不及物动词时常用“freeze + 介词短语”表状态,及物动词时接宾语(如 freeze the water);过去式为 froze,过去分词为 frozen,名词形式为 freezing(冰冻)。 6. evaporate /ɪˈvæpəreɪt/ v. 蒸发 常考词组:evaporate into steam 蒸发成水蒸气;evaporate quickly 快速蒸发;evaporate from 从……蒸发 拓展用法:不及物动词,主语通常为液体(如 water、sea water),常用搭配“evaporate from + 地点/容器”,如 water evaporates from the lake(湖水从湖里蒸发);名词形式为 evaporation(蒸发),是水循环的核心步骤之一。 7. condense /kənˈdens/ v. 凝结 常考词组:condense into 凝结成……;condense from 从……凝结;condense into drops 凝结成小水滴 拓展用法:不及物动词,后接介词 into + 凝结后的形态(如 drops、clouds);主语多为气态物质(如 steam),是水循环中“水蒸气变云”的关键动作;名词形式为 condensation(凝结)。 水循环类 1. the water cycle 水循环 常考词组:learn about the water cycle 学习水循环;go through the water cycle 经历水循环;the process of the water cycle 水循环过程 拓展用法:固定名词短语,首字母通常不大写(除非位于句首);是本单元核心主题短语,常用搭配“learn about/study/understand + the water cycle”,用于自然科学语境。 2. sun /sʌn/ n. 太阳 常考词组:the sun shines 太阳照耀;the sun's heat 太阳的热量;under the sun 在阳光下 拓展用法:可数名词,通常与定冠词 the 连用;是水循环的能量来源,核心作用是通过热量促使水蒸发(the sun's heat makes water evaporate);形容词形式为 sunny(晴朗的)。 3. cloud /klaʊd/ n. 云 常考词组:white cloud 白云;dark cloud 乌云;condense into clouds 凝结成云;heavy cloud 厚重的云 拓展用法:可数名词,复数形式为 clouds;是水蒸气凝结后的产物,常用形容词 white/dark/heavy 修饰,对应不同天气状况;相关短语“cloudy day”(阴天),由其形容词 cloudy 构成。 4. rain /reɪn/ n. 雨 常考词组:heavy rain 大雨;light rain 小雨;rain falls down 雨落下;rain water 雨水 拓展用法:不可数名词,表达“一场雨”需用“a rain”;也可作动词,表“下雨”(如 It is raining.);是水循环的重要环节,常用搭配“rain + 形容词”描述雨的大小。 5. river /ˈrɪvə(r)/ n. 河流 常考词组:clean river 干净的河流;flow into the river 流入河流;river water 河水;cross the river 过河 拓展用法:可数名词,复数形式为 rivers;是水循环中“地表径流”的主要载体,常用搭配“flow into/out of the river”,描述水流方向;常见衍生词 riverbank(河岸)。 6. sea /siː/ n. 海洋 常考词组:the sea 海洋;sea water 海水;flow into the sea 流入海洋;by the sea 在海边 拓展用法:可数名词,通常与定冠词 the 连用;是地球表面水的主要储存地,也是水循环的起点之一;注意与 ocean(大洋)的区别,sea 指“海”,范围小于 ocean。 7. underground /ˌʌndəˈɡraʊnd/ adj. 地下的 常考词组:underground water 地下水;underground river 地下河;underground pipe 地下管道 拓展用法:作形容词时修饰名词,需置于名词前;也可作副词(发音为 /ˌʌndəˈɡraʊnd/),表“在地下”(如 The pipe runs underground.);本单元侧重修饰“水相关事物”,如地下水、地下河。 8. groundwater /ˈɡraʊndwɔːtə(r)/ n. 地下水 常考词组:fresh groundwater 新鲜地下水;use groundwater 利用地下水;groundwater resource 地下水资源 拓展用法:不可数名词,由 ground(地面)+ water(水)构成的合成词;是水循环中“地下径流”的载体,常用搭配“use/protect/save + groundwater”,用于资源保护语境。 用途类 1. drink /drɪŋk/ v. 喝;饮用 常考词组:drink water 喝水;drink tea 喝茶;drink milk 喝牛奶;safe to drink 可以安全饮用 拓展用法:及物动词,后接饮品类名词作宾语;也可作名词,表“饮料”(如 a drink of water 一杯水);本单元核心搭配为“drink water”,常用句型“It is safe to drink the water.”(这水可以安全饮用)。 2. wash /wɒʃ/ v. 洗 常考词组:wash hands 洗手;wash clothes 洗衣服;wash dishes 洗碗;wash with water 用水洗 拓展用法:及物动词,后接衣物、身体部位等宾语;常用搭配“wash + 宾语 + with water”,强调“用水洗”的方式;名词形式为 washing(洗涤),如 washing machine(洗衣机)。 3. water /ˈwɔːtə(r)/ v. 浇灌 常考词组:water plants 浇植物;water flowers 浇花;water the garden 浇花园 拓展用法:及物动词,后接植物类名词作宾语;注意与名词 water(水)的区分,发音相同但词性不同;常用场景为园艺、农业,如 Farmers water crops every day.(农民每天浇灌庄稼)。 4. cook /kʊk/ v. 烹饪 常考词组:cook food 做饭;cook with water 用水烹饪;cook rice 煮米饭 拓展用法:及物动词,后接食物类名词作宾语;是水的重要用途之一,常用搭配“cook + 食物 + with water”,如 cook soup with water(用水煮汤);名词形式为 cook(厨师)、cooking(烹饪)。 5. clean /kliːn/ v. 清洁 常考词组:clean the room 打扫房间;clean the floor 擦地板;clean with water 用水清洁;clean water 净化水 拓展用法:可作及物动词或形容词,作动词时后接清洁对象(房间、地板等),作形容词时表“干净的”(如 clean water 干净的水);本单元中“清洁”义项常用搭配“clean + 地点/物品 + with water”。 二、 词汇专项习题 (1)词汇辨析题 1. When the sun shines, the water in the lake will ______. A. freeze B. evaporate C. melt 2. Ice is the ______ form of water. A. solid B. liquid C. gas 3. The ______ is formed when steam condenses. A. rain B. cloud C. river 4. We need water to ______ the plants in the garden. A. wash B. water C. cook 5. The water in the well comes from ______. A. groundwater B. sea C. cloud 6. When temperature drops below 0℃, water will ______. A. melt B. freeze C. evaporate 7. The rain falls down and ______ into the river. A. flows B. turns C. takes 8. Steam is the ______ form of water. A. solid B. liquid C. gas 9. We use water to ______ our hands before meals. A. clean B. wash C. water 10. The water cycle needs the ______ to provide energy. A. moon B. sun C. star (2)词性转换题 1. The sun can make the water ______ (evaporate) quickly. 2. When the temperature rises, ice will ______ (melt) into water. 3. The ______ (condense) of steam forms small drops of water. 4. The river ______ (flow) into the sea day and night. 5. We should save every drop of ______ (water) in our daily life. 6. The ______ (underground) water is very important for plants. 7. The cloud is made of many small ______ (drop) of water. 8. It is important to learn about the ______ (water) cycle. 9. When the water cools down, it will turn into ______ (ice). 10. The rain helps to ______ (clean) the air. 三、重点词组与句型 1. turn into 变成 2. come from 来自 3. fall down 落下 4. flow into 流入 5. take in 吸收 6. give off 释放 核心句型 1. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds. 2. Where does the water in the river come from? It comes from the rain and groundwater. 四、语法知识:Where does ... come from? 一、定义:句型结构 特殊疑问句:Where does + 单数名词/不可数名词 + come from? 用于询问某物的来源,主语为第三人称单数或不可数名词时助动词用 does。 • 回答:It comes from + 地点/事物. 二、描述自然过程的常用表达: 描述水循环的步骤:The sun shines on the sea → The water evaporates → It turns into steam → The steam condenses into clouds → The clouds become heavy → The rain falls down → The water flows into rivers and seas. 三、常考点&易错点: 1. 易错点:混淆助动词 do/does,主语为不可数名词(如 water)时,必须用 does,不能用 do。 错误:Where do the water come from? 正确:Where does the water come from? 2. 易错点:回答时动词形式错误,主语 it 为第三人称单数,动词 come 要使用第三人称单数形式 comes。 错误:It come from the sea. 正确:It comes from the sea. 例题精讲 1.(对划线部分提问)The water in the bottle comes from the tap. ______ ______ the water in the bottle ______ ______? 2.(改写句子)The rain comes from clouds.(改为特殊疑问句) ______ ______ the rain ______ ______? 3.(连词成句)from / where / the / does / steam / come ______________________________________________________ 五、语法习题 (1)选择题 1. — ______ does the milk come from? — It comes from cows. A. What B. Where C. When 2. Where ______ the wind come from? A. do B. does C. is 3. The steam ______ from the boiling water. A. come B. comes C. coming 4. — Where does the rain come from? — It ______ from the clouds. A. come B. comes C. coming 5. Where ______ your mother come from? A. does B. do C. is 6. The water in the glass ______ from the river. A. come B. comes C. coming 7. ______ does the snow come from? A. Where B. What C. How 8. It ______ from the cold clouds in winter. A. come B. comes C. coming 9. Where does the ______ come from? A. water B. flowers C. trees 10. The juice in the bottle ______ from fresh fruits. A. come B. comes C. coming (2)句型转换题 1. The steam comes from boiling water.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the steam ______ ______? 2. The water in the river comes from the mountains.(改为一般疑问句) ______ the water in the river ______ from the mountains? 3. Does the rain come from the sea?(作否定回答) No, ______ ______. 4. The snow comes from cold clouds.(改为否定句) The snow ______ ______ from cold clouds. 5. Where does the water come from?(用 tap 回答) ______ ______ from the tap. Unit 2: Wind 一、重点词汇 强度形容词类 1.gentle /ˈdʒentl/ adj. 轻柔的 常考词组:gentle wind 微风;gentle touch 轻柔的触摸 用法拓展:多用来修饰自然现象(风、雨)或动作,强调“温和、不猛烈”,反义词为 strong/heavy 例句:A gentle wind is blowing through the park.一阵微风正吹过公园。 2. strong /strɒŋ/ adj. 强劲的 常考词组:strong wind 大风;strong typhoon 强台风;strong enough 足够强劲 用法拓展:可修饰风、雨、力量等,强调“强度大”,反义词为 weak/gentle 例句:The strong wind stopped us from going hiking.大风阻止了我们去徒步旅行。 3.heavy /ˈhevi/ adj. 猛烈的 常考词组:heavy wind 狂风;heavy rain 大雨;heavy storm 暴雨 用法拓展:侧重描述自然现象“强度大、来势猛”,常见搭配为 heavy + 自然现象名词 例句:A heavy wind hit the coastal area last night.昨晚一股狂风袭击了沿海地区。 4.weak /wiːk/ adj. 微弱的 常考词组:weak wind 微风;weak sunlight 微弱的阳光 用法拓展:强调“强度小、力度弱”,反义词为 strong,可修饰风、光线、声音等 例句:We can hardly feel the weak wind today.今天我们几乎感觉不到这微弱的风。 5.typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ n. 台风 常考词组:strong typhoon 强台风;typhoon warning 台风预警;during the typhoon 在台风期间 用法拓展:可数名词,特指西北太平洋海域的强热带气旋,是上海中考常考的自然现象类词汇 例句:Schools are closed because of the typhoon.由于台风,学校停课了。 6.hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ n. 飓风 常考词组:hurricane season 飓风季;hurricane damage 飓风破坏 用法拓展:可数名词,特指大西洋或东北太平洋海域的强热带气旋,与 typhoon 是同义但地域不同的表达 例句:Hurricanes often cause great damage to coastal cities.飓风经常给沿海城市造成巨大破坏。 7.breeze /briːz/ n. 微风 常考词组:cool breeze 凉风;sea breeze 海风;gentle breeze 和风 用法拓展:可数名词,特指“轻柔、宜人的风”,比 wind 更具体,常用搭配为 gentle/cool + breeze 例句:We enjoyed the cool breeze on the beach.我们在海滩上享受着凉爽的海风。 相关现象类 1.blow /bləʊ/ v. 吹 常考词组:blow away 吹走;blow down 吹倒;blow hard 刮得猛;blow gently 轻轻吹 用法拓展:不及物动词(主语为风、气流)或及物动词(后接宾语),过去式 blew,过去分词 blown,是本单元核心动词 例句:The wind is blowing gently.风正在轻轻吹。 2.wave /weɪv/ n. 波浪 常考词组:big waves 大浪;sea waves 海浪;ride the waves 冲浪 用法拓展:可数名词,特指水面因风形成的“波浪”,复数形式为 waves,常与 big/small 搭配 例句:The wind made big waves on the lake.风在湖面上掀起了大浪。 3.leaf /liːf/ n. 树叶(复数 leaves) 常考词组:falling leaves 落叶;green leaves 绿叶;blow the leaves away 吹走树叶 用法拓展:可数名词,复数变化为不规则变化(leaf → leaves),是上海中考单复数常考点 例句:The wind is carrying the yellow leaves through the air.风正带着黄叶在空中飘动。 4.kite /kaɪt/ n. 风筝 常考词组:fly a kite 放风筝;a kite flying in the sky 在空中飞的风筝 用法拓展:可数名词,常用搭配为 fly a kite(单数)/fly kites(复数),是本单元核心活动类词汇 例句:Children like to fly kites on windy days.孩子们喜欢在有风的日子里放风筝。 5.windmill /ˈwɪndmɪl/ n. 风车 常考词组:windmill farm 风车农场;turning windmill 转动的风车 用法拓展:可数名词,由 wind(风)+ mill(磨坊)构成的合成词,常与 turn(转动)搭配 例句:The windmill turns fast when the wind is strong.风大的时候,风车转得很快。 6.sail /seɪl/ v. 航行;扬帆 常考词组:sail a boat 扬帆起航;sail on the sea 在海上航行;go sailing 去航海 用法拓展:及物动词(后接 boat/ship 等宾语)或不及物动词,常与 wind/sea 搭配使用 例句:We can sail a boat on the river if the wind is nice.如果风合适,我们可以在河上扬帆划船。 7.storm /stɔːm/ n. 暴风雨 常考词组:heavy storm 强暴风雨;thunderstorm 雷暴;during the storm 在暴风雨期间 用法拓展:可数名词,特指“伴有强风、大雨的猛烈天气”,是 heavy wind 和 heavy rain 的结合体 例句:The storm lasted for three hours last night.昨晚的暴风雨持续了三个小时。 相关活动类 1.fly a kite 放风筝 常考词组:learn to fly a kite 学放风筝;fly a kite high 把风筝放得很高 用法拓展:固定动词短语,fly 此处为“放飞”之意,宾语 kite 可单可复,是本单元重点活动表达 例句:My brother taught me to fly a kite last weekend.上周末我哥哥教我放风筝。 2.sail a boat 扬帆起航 常考词组:sail a small boat 驾驶小船;sail a boat across the lake 驾船横渡湖面 用法拓展:固定动词短语,sail 强调“借助风力航行”,区别于 row a boat(划船,靠人力) 例句:They plan to sail a boat on the lake this Sunday.他们计划这个周日去湖上扬帆划船。 3.dry /draɪ/ v. 晾干 常考词组:dry sth. in the wind 把某物放在风中晾干;dry up 干涸;dry out 晾干(衣物等) 用法拓展:及物动词(后接衣物、地面等宾语)或不及物动词,dry up 特指“水源干涸”,dry out 特指“潮湿物品变干” 例句1:We can dry the wet clothes in the wind.我们可以把湿衣服放在风中晾干。。 4.cool down 降温 常考词组:cool down the air 使空气降温;cool off 降温(口语);help sb. cool down 帮助某人降温 用法拓展:动词短语,可作及物(后接宾语)或不及物,强调“温度由高变低”,常见于天气、环境描述 例句:The wind helps to cool down the hot air in summer.夏天,风有助于给炎热的空气降温。 二、词汇专项习题 (1)词汇辨析题 1. The sea is full of big ______ when the wind is strong. A. waves B. leaves C. kites 2. We can ______ a boat on the lake when the wind is nice. A. fly B. sail C. blow 3. The wind is too ______, so we can’t go out to play. A. gentle B. weak C. strong 4. The ______ turns quickly when the wind blows hard. A. kite B. windmill C. leaf 5. On a sunny day, we can feel a ______ breeze on the beach. A. gentle B. strong C. heavy 6. A ______ can blow down trees and houses. A. breeze B. typhoon C. wind 7. We can fly kites when there is a ______ wind. A. weak B. strong C. gentle 8. The wind can ______ the dry leaves away. A. blow B. fly C. sail 9. After the rain, the wind helps to ______ the wet clothes. A. cool down B. dry C. blow 10. The ______ is a kind of very strong wind. A. breeze B. typhoon C. wind (2)词性转换题 1. The wind is blowing ______ (gentle) through the window. 2. A ______ (strong) wind can blow away the small house. 3. The leaves are ______ (blow) away by the wind. 4. We like to fly ______ (kite) on a windy day. 5. The ______ (leaf) on the tree are falling down in the wind. 6. The wind can make the clothes ______ (dry) quickly. 7. The windmill turns ______ (quick) when the wind is strong. 8. The storm made a lot of ______ (noisy) last night. 9. The wind helps to ______ (cool) down the hot air. 10. There will be a ______ (hurricane) in the southern area. 三、重点词组与句型 1. blow away 吹走 用法拓展:及物短语,后接宾语(名词/代词),代词需放在 away 前,如 blow it away 例句:The strong wind blew the paper away.大风把纸吹走了。 2. fly a kite 放风筝 (同核心词汇“kite”相关拓展,此处补充同义表达) 用法拓展:同义短语为 fly kites(复数形式),是上海中考书面表达常用活动类短语 例句:It's fun to fly a kite in the park.在公园里放风筝很有趣。 3. sail a boat 扬帆起航 (同核心词汇“sail”相关拓展,此处补充语境用法) 用法拓展:常用于描述休闲活动或交通工具使用,区别于 drive a car(开车)、ride a bike(骑自行车) 例句:People often sail a boat on the lake during holidays.假期里,人们经常在湖上扬帆划船。 4. dry up 干涸 用法拓展:不及物短语,主语多为河流、湖泊等水源,强调“因缺水或大风导致干涸” 例句:The lake dried up after a long period of strong wind.经过长时间的大风,这个湖干涸了。 5. cool down 降温 (同核心词汇“cool down”相关拓展,此处补充人际场景用法) 用法拓展:除描述天气外,还可表示“使人冷静下来”,如 cool down sb.'s anger(平息某人的怒气) 例句:Drinking some cold water can help you cool down.喝些冷水能帮你降温(或冷静下来)。 6. make noise 发出声响 用法拓展:不可数名词短语,noise 为“噪音、声响”,复数形式 noises 特指“多种声响”,常见搭配为 make a lot of noise(发出很大声响) 例句:The storm made a lot of noise last night.昨晚的暴风雨发出了很大的声响。 核心句型 1. It feels gentle.它感觉很轻柔。 拓展句型:It feels + 形容词(如 soft/warm/cool),用于描述事物的触觉特征 例句:The woolen scarf feels soft.这条羊毛围巾感觉很柔软。 2. It sounds noisy outside.外面听起来很吵。 拓展句型:It sounds + 形容词(如 scary/wonderful/interesting),用于描述事物的听觉特征 例句:The music sounds wonderful.这首音乐听起来很棒。 3. What can the wind do?风能做什么? 拓展句型:What can + 其他主语(如 animals/plants/we)+ do? 用于询问“某物/某人能做什么” 例句:What can birds do?鸟能做什么? 4. It can blow the leaves away.它能吹走树叶。 拓展句型:It can + 动词原形 + 其他(如 help people/cool the air),用于回答“某物能做什么” 例句:Birds can fly in the sky.鸟能在天空中飞。 四、语法知识:感官动词 look/feel/sound... + 形容词;What can the wind do? 句型 一、感官动词用法 句型结构:感官动词(look/feel/sound/smell/taste) + 形容词 感官动词在此处作系动词,后接形容词作表语,描述人或事物的感官特征。 例:The wind feels gentle.(风感觉很轻柔);The storm sounds scary.(暴风雨听起来很吓人) 二、What can the wind do? 句型 特殊疑问句:What can + 主语 + do? 用于询问某物能够做什么,情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 回答:It can + 动词原形 + 其他. 例句:What can birds do?鸟能做什么? ---------Birds can fly in the sky.鸟能在天空中飞。 三、易错点提醒: ①易错点1:感官动词后接副词错误,感官动词作系动词时,必须接形容词,不能接副词。 错误:The wind feels gently. 正确:The wind feels gentle. ②易错点2:情态动词 can 后必须接动词原形。 错误:It can blows the leaves. 正确:It can blow the leaves. ③易错点3:可数名词单复数混淆,leaf 的复数形式是 leaves,不是 leafs。 例题精讲 1、(改写句子)The wind is gentle.(用 feel 改写) The wind ______ ______. 2、(对划线部分提问)The wind can blow the kites high.(划线部分:blow the kites high) ______ ______ the wind ______? 3、 (连词成句)feel / the / wind / does / how ________________________________________________ 五、语法习题 (1)选择题 1. What can we do ______ the wind? A.at B. on C. in 2. The flowers ______ beautiful in the wind. A. look B. looks C. looking 3. The wind can ______ the sailboat move fast. A. make B. makes C. making 4. How does the wind ______ today? A.feels B. feel C. feeling 5. The typhoon can ______ down big trees. A. blow B. blows C. blowing 6. The wind ______ cool on a summer afternoon. A.feel B. feels C. feeling 7. The wind ______ gentle on my face. A. feels B. feels like C. feeling 8. The storm ______ scary at night. A.sounding B. sound C. sounds 9. What ______ the wind do? A. can B. does C. is 10. It ______ blow the clouds away. A. cans B. can C. is (2) 句型转换题 1. The wind sounds noisy.(改为一般疑问句) ______ the wind ______ noisy? 2. The wind can blow away the leaves.(对划线部分提问)(划线部分:blow away the leaves) ______ ______ the wind ______? 3. The wind feels gentle.(对划线部分提问)(划线部分:gentle) ______ ______ the wind ______? 4. Can the wind make the windmill turn?(作肯定回答) Yes, ______ ______. 5. The wind can cool down the air.(改为否定句) The wind ______ cool down the air. Unit 3: Fire 一、重点词汇 相关事物类 1. match /mætʃ/ n. 火柴 常考词组:a box of matches 一盒火柴;light a match 点燃火柴;strike a match 划火柴 用法拓展:可数名词,复数形式为 matches,常用搭配“数量词 + box of + matches”表示火柴数量;除“火柴”外,还可表示“比赛、匹配”,本单元侧重“火柴”义项。 例句:He struck a match to light the candle. 他划了一根火柴点燃蜡烛。 2. candle /ˈkændl/ n. 蜡烛 常考词组:light a candle 点燃蜡烛;blow out a candle 吹灭蜡烛;a candle flame 烛火 用法拓展:可数名词,复数形式为 candles,常用于停电、节日等场景;“blow out”后接 candle 时,需注意“吹灭”的动作搭配,区别于“put out”(扑灭大火)。 例句:She blew out the candle and made a wish. 她吹灭蜡烛并许了个愿。 3. fire /ˈfaɪə(r)/ n. 火 常考词组:make a fire 生火;put out a fire 灭火;on fire 着火;catch fire 起火 用法拓展:不可数名词,表“火”的总称时无复数;表“火灾”时可与不定冠词连用(a fire);相关动词搭配需注意:“生火”用 make,“灭火”用 put out,“着火”用 be on fire/catch fire。 例句:We make a fire to keep warm in the countryside. 我们在乡下生火取暖。 4. flame /fleɪm/ n. 火焰 常考词组:a bright flame 明亮的火焰;blue flame 蓝色火焰;jump into flames 突然着火 用法拓展:可数名词,复数形式为 flames,侧重“可见的火焰、火苗”,区别于 fire(火的总称);常用形容词 bright/hot/red 修饰,描述火焰的状态。 例句:The flame of the candle danced in the wind. 烛火在风中跳动。 5. wood /wʊd/ n. 木头 常考词组:dry wood 干木头;cut wood 砍柴;wood fire 柴火 用法拓展:不可数名词,表“木头、木材”时无复数;表“树林”时为可数名词(woods),本单元侧重“木头”义项;常用 dry 修饰,用于生火场景。 例句:Dry wood burns easily. 干木头很容易燃烧。 6. coal /kəʊl/ n. 煤 常考词组:burn coal 烧煤;a piece of coal 一块煤;coal fire 煤火 用法拓展:不可数名词,表“煤”的总称;表示“一块煤”需用“a piece of coal”;常用于工业、取暖等场景,与 wood 均为常见燃料。 例句:People used to burn coal to heat their houses. 人们过去常烧煤取暖。 7. lighter /ˈlaɪtə(r)/ n. 打火机 常考词组:a cigarette lighter 打火机;use a lighter 用打火机;a gas lighter 燃气打火机 用法拓展:可数名词,复数形式为 lighters,由动词 light(点燃)派生而来;是现代常用的点火工具,区别于 match(火柴),使用更便捷。 例句:Don’t let children use a lighter. It’s dangerous. 不要让孩子用打火机,很危险。 8. firefighter /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/ n. 消防员 常考词组:a brave firefighter 勇敢的消防员;call the firefighters 呼叫消防员;firefighter uniform 消防服 用法拓展:可数名词,复数形式为 firefighters,合成词(fire + fighter),字面意为“与火抗争的人”;对应职业动作“put out fires 灭火”,是安全话题核心职业名词。 例句:Firefighters risk their lives to save people from fires.消防员冒着生命危险从火灾中救人。 9. fire engine /ˈfaɪə endʒɪn/ n. 消防车 常考词组:a red fire engine 红色消防车;fire engine siren 消防车警报;drive a fire engine 开消防车 用法拓展:可数名词,复数形式为 fire engines,合成词(fire + engine);核心功能是运输消防员、携带灭火设备,标志性颜色为红色。 例句:We can hear the fire engine siren in the distance. 我们能听到远处的消防车警报声。 10. fire station /ˈfaɪə steɪʃn/ n. 消防站 常考词组:near the fire station 靠近消防站;at the fire station 在消防站;fire station training 消防站训练 用法拓展:可数名词,复数形式为 fire stations,合成词(fire + station);是消防员工作、待命的场所,通常配备消防车、消防器材等。 例句:The fire station is only five minutes’ walk from here. 消防站离这儿只有五分钟的步行路程。 安全行为类 1. safe /seɪf/ adj. 安全的 常考词组:be safe from 免受……的伤害;safe place 安全的地方;arrive safe 安全到达 用法拓展:形容词,反义词为 dangerous(危险的);常用搭配“be safe + 介词/副词”,也可作定语修饰名词;其副词形式为 safely,用于修饰动词。 例句:We are safe in the fire station. 我们在消防站里是安全的。 2. careful /ˈkeəfl/ adj. 小心的 常考词组:be careful with 小心……;be careful not to do 小心不要做……;be careful of 注意…… 用法拓展:形容词,由名词 care 派生而来,副词形式为 carefully;常用搭配“be careful + 介词”,后接需要注意的对象;是安全话题核心提醒类形容词。 例句:Be careful with the hot flame. Don’t touch it. 小心热火焰,不要碰它。 3. protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护 常考词组:protect sb. from 保护某人免受……;protect sth. against 保护某物抵御……;protect the environment 保护环境 用法拓展:及物动词,后必须接宾语;核心搭配“protect + 宾语 + from/against”,from/against 后接需要抵御的对象(如 fire、danger 等)。 例句:Parents should protect their children from fire danger. 父母应该保护孩子免受火灾危险。 4. put out /pʊt aʊt/ 扑灭 常考词组:put out a fire 灭火;put out the candle 吹灭蜡烛;put out the cigarette 熄灭香烟 用法拓展:动词短语,可作及物动词,后接“火、蜡烛、香烟”等宾语;区别于 blow out(侧重“吹灭”小火焰),put out 可用于“扑灭”各种规模的火,包括大火。 例句:We can use water to put out small fires. 我们可以用水扑灭小火。 5. turn off /tɜːn ɒf/ 关掉 常考词组:turn off the gas 关掉煤气;turn off the light 关灯;turn off the TV 关掉电视 用法拓展:动词短语,及物动词性质,后接“电器、燃气、水龙头”等可控制开关的物品;反义词组为 turn on(打开),是日常及安全场景高频短语。 例句:Remember to turn off the gas before you leave home. 离家前记得关掉煤气。 6. escape /ɪˈskeɪp/ v. 逃离 常考词组:escape from 从……逃离;escape to 逃到……;escape danger 逃离危险 用法拓展:可作及物动词(后接 danger、death 等宾语)或不及物动词(后接 from + 地点);过去式和过去分词为 escaped,是火灾安全逃生场景核心动词。 例句:People tried to escape from the burning building. 人们试图从着火的大楼里逃离。 危险行为类 1. dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ adj. 危险的 常考词组:dangerous thing 危险的东西;dangerous place 危险的地方;be dangerous to do 做……是危险的 用法拓展:形容词,反义词为 safe(安全的);由名词 danger 派生而来,常用搭配“be dangerous + 介词/to do”;可作定语修饰名词,或作表语。 例句:It’s dangerous to play with fire in the forest. 在森林里玩火是危险的。 2. play with 玩耍 常考词组:play with fire 玩火;play with matches 玩火柴;play with toys 玩玩具 用法拓展:动词短语,后接名词/代词作宾语;本单元重点关注“play with + 危险物品”(火、火柴等)的负面用法,表“随意摆弄、玩耍”,隐含危险含义。 例句:Don’t play with matches. They may start a fire. 不要玩火柴,它们可能会引发火灾。 3. burn /bɜːn/ v. 燃烧;烧伤 常考词组:burn down 烧毁;burn out 烧尽;get burned 被烧伤;burn wood 烧木头 用法拓展:可作及物或不及物动词;表“燃烧”时主语可为物(如 wood、fire),表“烧伤”时主语可为人,常用被动形式 get burned;过去式和过去分词可作 burned 或 burnt。 例句:The big fire burned down many houses. 大火烧毁了许多房子。 4. hurt /hɜːt/ v. 伤害 常考词组:hurt sb. 伤害某人;hurt oneself 伤到自己;get hurt 受伤 用法拓展:及物动词,后接人作宾语;可指身体上的“伤害、疼痛”,也可指心理上的“伤害”;过去式和过去分词均为 hurt,无变化;本单元侧重身体上的烧伤、撞伤等。 例句:The hot flame can hurt your skin. 热火焰会伤害你的皮肤。 5. smoke /sməʊk/ n. 烟 常考词组:black smoke 黑烟;thick smoke 浓烟;smoke from fire 火产生的烟;choke on smoke 被烟呛到 用法拓展:不可数名词,表“烟”的总称;常用形容词 black/thick 修饰,描述烟的颜色和浓度;也可作动词,表“吸烟”,本单元侧重“烟”的名词义项。 例句:Thick smoke came out of the burning house.浓烟从着火的房子里冒出来。 二、词汇专项习题 (1)词汇辨析题 1. We need a ______ to light the candle. A. match B. wood C. coal 2. ______ can help us put out big fires. A. Lighters B. Firefighters C. Candles 3. It is ______ to play with fire at home. A. safe B. careful C. dangerous 4. Please ______ the gas when you finish cooking. A. turn off B. put out C. stay away 5. We must ______ from the burning building quickly. A. escape B. protect C. burn 6. The ______ is red and hot. A. flame B. smoke C. wind 7. Don’t ______ the hot flame. It will hurt you. A.put B. play C. touch 8. We use ______ to make a fire in the countryside. A. candles B. wood C. firefighters 9. When there is a fire, we should call the ______. A. fire engine B. fire station C. firefighters 10. Fire can ______ us warm in winter. A. keep B. play C. hurt (2)词性转换题 1. It is ______ (danger) to play with matches at home. 2. We must be ______ (care) when we use candles. 3. The ______ (fire) are trying their best to put out the big fire. 4. Don’t touch the flame. It will ______ (burn) your fingers. 5. We should learn how to ______ (safe) escape from a fire. 6. The ______ (smoke) from the fire is bad for our health. 7. Fire can ______ (heat) our houses in cold days. 8. We need to use ______ (wood) to start a campfire. 9. The ______ (firefight) arrived at the scene quickly. 10. It is important to teach children about fire ______ (safe). 三、重点词组与句型 1. play with fire 玩火 2. put out fire 灭火 3. call the firefighters 呼叫消防员 4. stay away from 远离 5. turn off the gas 关掉煤气 6. escape from fire 逃离火灾 核心句型 1. We must be careful with fire. We mustn’t play with matches. 2. Don’t play with fire! Stay away from the flame! 四、语法知识:情态动词 can/must/mustn’t;祈使句表安全指令 一、情态动词在安全话题中的应用 1、can:表示能力或可能性 例:Fire can keep us warm.(火可以让我们取暖) 2、must:表示必须做的事,表义务 例:We must be careful with fire.(我们必须小心用火) 3、mustn’t:表示禁止做的事 例:We mustn’t play with fire.(我们禁止玩火) 二、祈使句表安全指令 1、肯定祈使句:动词原形 + 其他 例:Stay away from the fire.(远离火源) 2、否定祈使句:Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他 例:Don’t touch the flame.(不要触碰火焰) 3、常考点易错点提醒: 易错点1:mustn’t 与 don’t have to 混淆,mustn’t 表“禁止”,don’t have to 表“没必要”。 错误:We don’t have to play with fire. 正确:We mustn’t play with fire. 易错点2:祈使句否定形式错误,否定祈使句开头必须用 Don’t,不能用 Doesn’t。 错误:Doesn’t play with matches. 正确:Don’t play with matches. 易错点3:情态动词can/must/mustn’t 后都必须接动词原形。 错误:Fire can keeps us warm. 正确:Fire can keep us warm. 例题精讲 1. (改写句子)Playing with fire is dangerous.(用 mustn’t 改写) We ______ ______ with fire. 2. (改为祈使句)You should stay away from the fire. ______ ______ from the fire. 3. (连词成句)must / we / careful / be / fire / with ______________________________________________________ 五、语法习题 (1)选择题 1. We ______ play with fire. It’s very dangerous. A. must B. mustn’t C. can 2. Fire ______ keep us warm in winter. A. can B. must C. mustn’t 3. ______ touch the hot flame! A. Not B. Don’t C. Doesn’t 4. We ______ be careful with matches. A. must B. mustn’t C. can’t 5. ______ away from the burning area! A. Stay B. Staying C. Stays 6. Fire ______ burn down houses quickly. A. must B. mustn’t C. can 7. We ______ call the firefighters when there is a big fire. A. must B. mustn’t C. can’t 8. ______ play with lighters. They are dangerous. A. Don’t B. Doesn’t C. Not 9. Fire ______ hurt people if we are not careful. A. must B. mustn’t C. can 10. We ______ escape from the fire as soon as possible. A. must B. mustn’t C. can’t (2)句型转换题 1. We must turn off the gas.(改为否定句) We ______ ______ turn off the gas. 2. You mustn’t play with matches.(改为祈使句) ______ ______ with matches. 3. Can fire keep us warm?(作肯定回答) Yes, ______ ______. 4. We must call the firefighters.(对划线部分提问)(划线部分:call the firefighters) ______ ______ we ______? 5. Don’t stay close to the fire.(改为同义句) ______ ______ from the fire. 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 教 师 ___老师 学 生 上课时间 学 科 英语 年 级 __年级 课题名称 Module 4 The natural world 单元测试卷 学习目标 内容 Module 4 The natural world 单元测试卷 (满分:100分 时间:60分钟) 考生注意:请将答案写在答题卡相应位置,写在试卷上无效 第一部分 基础题(50分) I. Copy the words and phrases.(正确抄写下列单词和短语,注意大小写)(5分) Water wind fire rain cloud match careful come from __________________________________________________________________________________ II. Choose the correct pronunciation of the underlined letter.(选出下列单词中下划线字母的正确发音)(10分) ( )1. water A. /ɔː/ B. /æ/ C. /e/ D. /ɪ/ ( )2. wind A. /aɪ/ B. /ɪ/ C. /eɪ/ D. /əʊ/ ( )3. fire A. /aɪ/ B. /ɪ/ C. /e/ D. /i:/ ( )4. rain A. /eɪ/ B. /æ/ C. /ɑː/ D. /ə/ ( )5. come A. /əʊ/ B. /ʌ/ C. /uː/ D. /ə/ III. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words.(用所给单词的适当形式填空,每题均需变形)(10分) 1. —Where ______ water ______ (come) from? —It comes from rivers and lakes. 2. The wind is strong today. It makes me feel ______ (cold). 3. You ______ (must) play with matches. It's dangerous. 4. —What kind of clothes ______ you ______ (wear) on windy days? —I can wear a jacket. 5. The rain ______ (stop) soon. We can go out to play then. 6. ______ (be) careful! The floor is wet because of the rain. 7. —Where ______ the cloud ______ (come) from? —It comes from the water in the sea. 8. We ______ (can) use fire to cook food, but we must be careful. 9. The wind sounds ______ (loud) at night. I can't sleep well. 10. ______ (not touch) the fire. It will hurt you. IV. Read and choose.(选择最佳答案)(15分) ( )1. —______ does water come from? —It comes from the rain and rivers. A. What B. Where C. How D. When ( )2. The wind is gentle. It feels ______ on my face. A. cold B. hot C. soft D. loud ( )3. —What kind of shoes would you wear on rainy days? —I ______ wear rain boots. A. can B. mustn't C. won't D. don't ( )4. ______ play near the fire. It's very dangerous. A. Do B. Don't C. Must D. Can ( )5. —Where ______ fire come from? —We make fire with matches or wood. A. do B. does C. is D. are ( )6. The rain is heavy. It looks ______ outside. A. bright B. dark C. soft D. warm ( )7. —What would you do if the wind is strong? —I ______ stay at home. A. can B. mustn't C. do D. are ( )8. We ______ save water because it's important for us. A. can B. must C. mustn't D. won't ( )9. —______ you hear the wind? —Yes, it sounds loud. A. Can B. Do C. Must D. Will ( )10. ______ careful with the fire! Don't let it burn the paper. A. Be B. Is C. Are D. Do ( )11. —Where does the rain come from? —It ______ from the clouds. A. come B. comes C. will come D. came ( )12. The wind is very strong. We ______ fly kites today. A. can B. must C. can't D. mustn't ( )13. The water tastes ______. We can drink it directly. A. good B. well C. bad D. badly ( )14. —What would you do if you see a fire? —I ______ call 119 at once. A. can B. must C. will D. should ( )15. ______ touch the wet wall. You may get hurt. A. Don't B. Do C. Must D. Can V. Read and write.(按要求改写句子)(10分) 1. Water comes from rivers and lakes.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ water ______ from? 2. The wind feels soft.(改为否定句) The wind ______ ______ soft. 3. We can wear a hat on windy days.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ you ______ on windy days? 4. Play with fire.(改为否定的祈使句) ______ ______ with fire. 5. The rain comes from the clouds.(用where提问并回答) —______ ______ the rain ______ from? —______ ______ from the clouds. 第二部分 阅读题(31分) VI. Read and judge.(阅读短文,判断下列句子正(T)误(F))(10分) The natural world is made up of water, wind, fire, and many other things. Water is very important for all living things. It comes from rivers, lakes, and the rain. We use water to drink, wash clothes, and cook food. Wind is moving air. Sometimes it's gentle and feels soft, sometimes it's strong and sounds loud. On windy days, we can fly kites or wear warm clothes. Fire can help us cook and keep warm, but it's also very dangerous. We mustn't play with fire. We should be careful with it. If we see a fire, we should call 119 at once. Let's protect the natural world together. ( )1. Water is important for all living things. ( )2. Water only comes from the rain. ( )3. The wind is always gentle and soft. ( )4. We can use fire to cook food, but we must be careful. ( )5. When we see a fire, we should call 120. VII. Read and choose.(阅读对话,选择恰当的句子补全对话,将字母代号填在横线上)(11分,第1题1分,第2-6题各2分) A: Hi, Lily! What a nice day! Do you know about the natural world? B: Yes, I do. 1. ______ A: Really? Where does water come from? B: 2. ______ A: Oh, I see. What about wind? 3. ______ B: It's moving air. Sometimes it feels soft, sometimes it's strong. A: 4. ______ B: I would wear a windbreaker and a hat. A: What about fire? Is it useful? B: 5. ______ But we mustn't play with it. It's dangerous. A: Right! 6. ______ B: We should be careful with it and call 119 if there's a fire. A. What is wind? B. Water comes from rivers, lakes and rain. C. I learn a lot about water, wind and fire. D. Yes, it can help us cook and keep warm. E. What kind of clothes would you wear on windy days? F. What should we do with fire? 1. ______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. ______ 6. ______ VIII. Read and answer.(阅读短文,回答下列问题)(10分) Water is everywhere in the natural world. It's in rivers, lakes, seas, and even in the air. Where does water come from? It comes from the water cycle. First, the sun makes the water in the sea become vapor. Then the vapor goes up to the sky and forms clouds. When the clouds get heavy, it rains. The rain falls down to the earth and becomes water in rivers and lakes again. We use water every day. We drink it, wash our hands with it, and water the plants with it. So we must save water. Don't waste it. Wind also helps the water cycle. It can blow the clouds to different places. 1. Where can we find water in the natural world? __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Where does water come from? __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What makes the water in the sea become vapor? __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What do we use water to do? __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What helps the water cycle? __________________________________________________________________________________ 第三部分 翻译与写作(19分) IX. Translate the sentences into English.(根据提示词,将下列中文句子翻译成英文,每题1个提示词,注意句式难度)(9分) 1. 水来自哪里?它来自河流和湖泊。(come from) __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 风感觉很柔和。在有风的日子里我可以放风筝。(feel) __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 不要玩火,必须小心。(fire) __________________________________________________________________________________ X. Writing.(写作)(10分) 题目:My Understanding of the Natural World 要求:1. 围绕“我对自然世界的理解”主题,介绍自然世界中的水、风或火(任选1-2种),说明其来源、特点及我们应该如何对待它们; 2. 运用本模块所学的“where does...come from”、感官动词+形容词、can/mustn't及祈使句; 3. 不少于50个单词,语句通顺,语法正确。 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Module 4 The natural world 复习(自然主题+词汇语法+单元检测)(讲义)-2025-2026学年牛津上海版(试用本)(2007)英语五年级上册-第1页
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Module 4 The natural world 复习(自然主题+词汇语法+单元检测)(讲义)-2025-2026学年牛津上海版(试用本)(2007)英语五年级上册-第2页
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Module 4 The natural world 复习(自然主题+词汇语法+单元检测)(讲义)-2025-2026学年牛津上海版(试用本)(2007)英语五年级上册-第3页
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