Unit 2 Thinking out of the box Extended reading 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版(2020)选修第三册

该高中英语课件围绕“眼镜的发明与演变”展开，通过设问“人类重大突破”及实验（擦肥皂玻璃、摘眼镜阅读）导入，按时间顺序梳理从放大镜到智能眼镜的发展，附词汇注释、术语解释等学习支架，衔接历史发明与现代伦理问题。 其亮点在于融合语言能力、思维品质与学习能力培养。语言上通过中英文对照、生动表达（如“Oh, wait”“Ouch!”）提升理解与表达；思维上以镜腿设计的 trial and error 等案例培养分析、批判思维；任务设计（总结语篇、讨论重要发明）引导主动探究。助力学生提升语言素养和创新意识，为教师提供结构化、互动性强的教学资源。

高中英语译林版(2020)选修第三册课件 Unit 2 Thinking out of the box Extended reading Page 25-26 How the world got eyeglasses 制作者：桂东一中　李宇平 ◆ 内容分析 【What】本板块的语篇是一篇杂志文章，介绍了眼镜的发明、演变和完善过程，以翔实的案例列举人们在改造和使用眼镜的过程中遇到的种种问题以及相应的解决方案，以此突显创新思维在其中的推动作用。 【Why】本文通过介绍眼镜的发明和发展，旨在引导我们了解眼镜这项改变人类历史的重大发明背后的故事，对发明创造这一话题进行深度思考，进而培育我们勇于革新的创新精神。 【How】本文的语篇类型为杂志文章，结构完整，条理清晰，语言生动，内容翔实。第一段和第二段用设问和举例驳论的方式引出话题，证明眼镜的发明是人类最重要的突破之一；第三段至第八段按照时间发展顺序和眼镜部件（即镜片到镜框）的顺序介绍了人们在发明和使用眼镜的过程中遇到的各种问题以及人们如何利用各种创意想法解决这些问题，随后将话题延伸至眼镜在当前的高科技时代面临的新挑战；最后一段总结眼镜对人类发展的重要作用，呼吁人们正确看待智能眼镜的未来发展。在写作手法上，作者利用每段的首句将段与段之间紧密相连；通过各个历史节点梳理眼镜的发展历程；利用 however,although,unfortunately 等连接词表明观点。在语言风格上，作者利用“Oh, wait”,“Ouch!”等话语标记语增强文章的感染力和趣味性。文章各部分之间的衔接巧妙自然，语言简洁又不失风趣，富有整体感和时代感。 ◆ 教学目标 By the end of this section, we will be able to: 1. summarize the main idea of the magazine article; 2. appreciate the language feature of the magazine article; 3. give our opinions about mankind’s most important inventions; 4. recognize the importance of great inventions. Read the magazine article about how eyeglasses were invented. How the world got eyeglasses眼镜是如何问世的? What are the greatest breakthroughs humans have made since the invention of the wheel? When a magazine posed this question to a panel of experts(专家组), including scientists, entrepreneurs, engineers and historians, eyeglasses came in behind only modern electronics, penicillin, electricity and the printing press.自轮子发明以来，人类取得的最大突破是什么？当一本杂志向包括科学家、企业家、工程师和历史学家在内的一个专家小组提出这个问题时，眼镜这个答案仅次于印刷机、电力、青霉素和现代电子产品。 panel 专家咨询组；(广播、电视上的)讨论小组 printing press印刷机 If you disagree with this ranking, try this quick experiment: rub some soap on a piece of glass and hold it in front of your eyes. Or, if you wear glasses or contact lenses, remove them and try to keep reading. Oh, wait—you can’t, because you can’t see clearly enough. 如果你不同意这个排名的话，试试这个快速的实验：在一块玻璃上擦一些肥皂，然后把它举到你的眼前。或者，如果你戴眼镜或隐形眼镜的话，摘下它们，再试着继续阅读。哦，等等——你读不了了，因为你看得不够清楚。 rank·ing  /ˈræŋkɪŋ/地位,排名,排位 contact lens隐形眼镜 remove脱去(衣服等);摘下 As anyone who needs corrective lenses will tell you, being able to see clearly is hugely important, whether you’re trying to put together a set of building blocks or read your favourite book. 任何一个需要矫正镜片的人都会告诉你，能看得清楚是极其重要的，无论你是正试着组装一套积木还是阅读你最喜欢的书。 cor·rect·ive  /kəˈrektɪv/adj.改正的；纠正的；矫正的 n.~ (to sth)起纠正作用的东西；修改；纠正 huge·ly /ˈhjuːdʒli/ 极度,极其;非常,深深地,大大地 put sth. together组装；组织；汇集 building block积木；塑料积木; building blocks组成部分,构成要素 Considering that many people in the world suffer from poor vision, you may think that the great minds of history would have quickly come together to tackle the problem.However, this isn’t at all what happened. Long before anything like spectacles existed,people had noticed that a piece of curved glass could magnify an image. About 2,000 years ago, people began making magnifying glasses this way. These were probably the first simple corrective lenses.考虑到世界上许多人都受到视力不佳的困扰，你可能觉得历史上的智者们会迅速联手解决这个问题。然而，事实根本就不是这样。早在类似眼镜的东西出现之前，人们就已注意到一块曲面玻璃可以放大图像。mind聪明人,富有才智的人 come together合成一体,结合,联合 curved  /kɜːvd/ 呈弯曲状的；弧形的 No one knows who came up with the technology of shaping glass to bring images into better focus, or mounting lenses in frames that could go in front of your face. Most likely, many anonymous glassmakers tried to improve the technology by trial and error.Although we don’t know exactly whom to thank, it is pretty much agreed that corrective lenses first appeared in Italy in the 1280s.没有人知道是谁发明了使图像变得更清晰的玻璃塑形技术，或是把镜片嵌入能够戴在你脸上的镜框中的技术。最有可能的是，许多不知名的玻璃匠人曾尝试不断摸索来改进这项技术。虽然我们不知道到底该感谢谁，但人们普遍认为，矫正镜片最早出现在 13 世纪 80 年代的意大利。 shape A (into B)使成为…形状(或样子),塑造 mount sth (on/onto/in sth)镶嵌；安置; Once the technology was available, spectacles caught on quickly. Just like so many popular accessories today, spectacles soon became fashionable. People thought glasses made them look more intelligent or sophisticated. They were given away as gifts and were popular among people who didn’t even need them. 自从有了这项技术，眼镜很快就流行了起来。就像今天的许多流行配饰一样，眼镜很快就成了时髦。人们认为，戴眼镜使他们看起来更聪明或者更精致。眼镜被当成礼物赠予他人，而且在那些甚至并不需要它们的人当中也受到欢迎。 ac·ces·sory  /əkˈsesəri/ 附件,配件,附属物;(衣服的)配饰 so·phis·ti·cated 见多识广的,老练的,见过世面的;(人 ) 水平高的,在行的;复杂巧妙的；先进的；精密的 In the 15th century, the printing press was invented, making books plentiful and relatively inexpensive. This drove the demand for reading glasses. There was,however, a practical problem to overcome.While the quality of the lenses was improving rapidly, getting them to stay comfortably on the face was a great challenge. Indeed, reading while eating often meant spectacles in the soup! 到了 15 世纪，印刷机发明问世，使得书籍大量出现且相对便宜。这推动了对阅读眼镜的需求。但是，有一个现实问题需要解决。虽然镜片的质量在迅速提高，但让眼镜舒舒服服地戴在脸上可是一个巨大的挑战。的确，边吃饭边看书往往会让眼镜掉进汤里去！ reading glasses阅读用放大镜; 老花镜 drive激励,促进,推进;驱动,推动 mean产生…结果,意味着 People made many attempts to overcome this problem, some stranger than others.Spectacles were held on the face by tying threads to the frames and looping them over the ears. Weights were sometimes tied to the ends of the threads to counterbalance the weight of the glasses to keep them from slipping off. 人们做了很多尝试来克服这个问题，有些尝试尤为奇怪。有人将线系在镜框上，再把线绕在耳朵上，以这样的方法将眼镜戴在脸上。有时还会在线的末端系上重物，以平衡眼镜的重量，防止滑落。 loop  /luːp/ 使成环；使绕成圈 weight(用于固定某物或用作机器部件的)重体,重物 coun·ter·bal·ance 抗衡,抵消,对…起平衡作用 Some people used threads or wires to hook their glasses to their hats so that they dangled just in front of the eyes. Others attached them to straps tied around the forehead or threaded them into their hair. 有人用线或金属丝把眼镜钩在他们的帽子上，这样眼镜正好就挂在了眼前。还有人把眼镜与前额的绑带相连，或者插进头发里。 hook(使)钩住,挂住 dan·gle/ˈdæŋɡl/ 悬垂,悬挂,悬荡,悬摆 strap /stræp/ 带子 thread把 (细长物体) 穿进 Still other designs simply perched uneasily on the bridge of the nose.Later models worked a bit better by having the frames slightly pinch the nose. These stayed on the face longer,but they must have been quite uncomfortable. 还有其他一些设计只是将眼镜架在鼻梁上，很不舒服。后来的型号让镜框轻轻夹住鼻子，这样效果稍好一些。这种眼镜固定在脸上的时间更长了，但一定很不舒服。 perch (on sth)置于（顶上或边上） uneasily /ʌnˈiːzɪli/ 不稳定地,靠不住地,不确定地,不安地 the bridge of sb's nose鼻梁 work产生…作用;奏效；产生预期的结果（或作用） It’s hard to imagine why it took so long to design spectacles with arm pieces that could clip behind the ears, but these weren’t invented until the 18th century. Even then, the side stems were short and designed to clamp tightly against the temples (Ouch!). 很难想象人们为什么花了这么长时间才设计出可以别在耳朵后面、带有镜腿的眼镜，然而这种眼镜直到 18 世纪才发明出来。即便如此，那时的镜腿也很短，而且设计成紧紧夹住太阳穴的样子（哎哟！）。 clip  /klɪp/ ( -pp- )夹住；别住；被夹住 arm(物体的) 臂状物 piece零件,部件 stem(花草的)茎;(花或叶的)梗,柄;(高脚酒杯的)脚 temple太阳穴；鬓角 Like inventing the lenses themselves, coming up with designs that were easy to use was mostly a matter of trial and error. These days, technology has made spectacles comfortable. Unfortunately, now that we’ve tackled the technological problem of helping people see clearly, we face an ethical dilemma posed by the development of smart glasses, which are wearable computers in essence. 遗憾的是，现在我们已经解决了帮助人们看清楚的技术问题，但我们仍面临着智能眼镜的发展所带来的一个伦理困境。智能眼镜本质上是可穿戴计算机。 wear·able /ˈweərəbl/ 穿戴舒适的,可穿戴的,适于穿戴的 in essence本质上 Looking like a pair of ordinary glasses, smart glasses make it possible for the wearer to use the Web and make videos of everything they see. However, opponents of smart glasses believe that a device that allows its wearer to record people without their knowledge, almost anywhere and anytime, is disturbing. 它看起来就像一副普通眼镜，但它可以让佩戴者使用网络，并将自己看到的一切拍摄下来。然而，反对智能眼镜的人们相信，这种设备让佩戴者在他人不知情的情况下，几乎随时随地地记录他人的行为，这是令人不安的。 opponent (of sth)反对者；阻止者 knowledge知晓；知悉；了解 Even though we have become used to the marvels of modern technology, we still need to pause and think about the potential negative impact of this new invention. We’ll have to wait and see if smart glasses would follow the same path as regular glasses,or in other words, if their usefulness would outweigh potential problems. 尽管我们已经习惯了现代科技的种种奇迹，我们仍然需要停下来思考一下这项新发明潜在的负面影响。 我们只能拭目以待，看看智能眼镜是否会遵循与普通眼镜相同的道路，或者换句话说，它的作用是否会超过潜在的问题。 regular 普通的；平凡的 use·ful·ness /ˈjuːsfəlnəs/ 有用；实用；可用性 Meanwhile,those of us who need corrective lenses to read about the controversy should be grateful to that anonymous Italian glassmaker who first invented ordinary old spectacles. 与此同时，我们这些需要矫正镜片来阅读这一争议的人都应该感谢那位第一个发明了普通老式眼镜的不知名的意大利玻璃匠人。 read (about/of sth)(不用于进行时 ) 读到；查阅到 A.Write a summary of the magazine article. Use the following ideas to help you. • The development of lenses • The development of frames • The ethical dilemma of smart glasses Eyeglasses, one of humankind’s greatest inventions, took a long while before they were invented. First, lenses were developed. About 2,000 years ago, curved glass was used to magnify objects. It is pretty much agreed that corrective lenses first appeared in Italy in the 1280s. Over time, glasses grew popular, but were challenging and uncomfortable to wear. There were many interesting and strange ideas about how to overcome the problem of getting the lenses to stay comfortably on the face. In the 18th century, spectacles with arm pieces that could clip behind the ears were invented. New technology has led to the development of smart glasses that can connect the wearer to the Internet and record what they see. This presents an ethical problem related to people’s privacy. We are not sure if the usefulness of smart glasses would outweigh their potential problems. Anyway, we should be thankful to the inventor of the ordinary old spectacles. B.What do you think of the language feature of the magazine article? Use details from the article to support your opinion. I think the style is informal and conversational. At the start, the author includes the reader in the conversation by addressing them directly with the pronoun “you”. con·ver·sa·tion·al 非正式的,用于交谈的,口语的 address称呼(某人)；冠以(某种称呼) For example, “If you disagree with this ranking, try this quick experiment ...” and “you may think that ...”. The article also presents facts in a humorous style, like when the author writes: “Indeed, reading while eating often meant spectacles in the soup!” and “Even then, ... designed to clamp tightly against the temples (Ouch!)”.In addition, the article presents a neutral perspective about the topic, including the controversy, by avoiding strong sensationalist language. This allows the reader to enjoy the article and decide for themselves how they feel about glasses. sensationalist/sɛˈnseɪʃənəlɪst/哗众取宠的 C.What are mankind’s most important inventions in your opinion? Make a list of the top five and explain briefly why they are important. I think the top five most important inventions are the wheel, the vaccine, the computer, the telephone and the electric bulb. The wheel is one of the most fundamental inventions we use in our everyday lives. Since its invention, it has given rise to everything from transport to modern-day machinery and almost everything in between. (in) between（空间或时间上）介于…之间 The vaccine has protected us from infectious diseases and is the best way to control the most deadly ones. The computer has led to many more technologies we could use to innovate and explore further, which has helped us develop much faster in all areas of our lives. The telephone has helped make communication across distances easier and also played a part in the early stage of the development of the Internet.电话使得远距离的交流变得更加便捷，而且在互联网的早期发展过程中也发挥了重要作用。 control阻止蔓延（或恶化） The electric bulb has brought forth many changes in our societies because it allows us to be much more productive at night or when natural light is poor. bring sb./sth. forth 生产；产出 Workbook Page 65 B. Reading and writing B1.The evolution of the baseball glove is a process of continued improvement through innovation. Read the magazine article below and complete it with the correct sentences in the box. There are two sentences you do NOT need to use. Write the letters in the blanks. a. Thanks to this new design, fielders could easily snatch the ball with only one hand. 多亏了这种新设计，捕手可以轻松地单手接球。 field·er/fields·man (板球和棒球 )守场员,外场手, 外野手 snatch 一把抓起,一下夺过,=grab;抓紧时间做,乘机获得 b. For example, catchers’ mitts were work gloves without fingers to allow the player to better handle the ball. 例如，捕手手套是无指手套，以便球员更好地处理球。 c. If a glove is well cared for, it can last decades. 如果手套得到妥善保养，可以使用数十年。 d. However, the baseball glove is more than an item of emotional value.然而，棒球手套不仅仅是一件情感价值的物品。 e. Behind every glove is a great glove story. catch·er接球手;捕捉者;捕捉器;捕手 pitcher 投手 mitt/mɪt/ 接球手套；棒球手套 finger（手套的）指部 last够用，足够维持（尤指某段时间） f. Early first base mitt designs were specialized from the padded fielders’ glove to an open mitt design.早期的一垒手套设计从填充式外野手套演变为开放式手套设计。 g. This led to gloves being designed to soften the catch. 这导致手套被设计成能缓冲接球的柔软结构。 first base(棒球 )一垒 spe·cial·ized /ˈspeʃəlaɪzd/ 专用的；专业的；专门的 pad(用软材料)填充,覆盖,保护;垫衬 soft·en 减轻,减缓,削弱;(使)柔和,和缓;(使)态度缓和,变温和,变宽厚;(使)变软,软化 catch接（球等） The game of baseball has long been woven into the fabric of American life. It is no surprise then that the baseball glove is associated with fond memories.(1) _____________ _________________________________________________ It is also an example of a product that has been perfected over time.棒球运动早已深深融入了美国人的生活之中。因此，棒球手套自然也就与美好的回忆紧密相连了。然而，这副棒球手套的意义远不止于其作为一件具有情感价值的物品那么简单。这也是一个经过长期改进而臻于完善的产品的一个例子。 weave sth. into sth.把...编入(复杂的故事或式样),把某物编织到...去 the fabric (of sth)结构 fabric 织物；布料 fond (回忆) 美好的;深情的；温情的；慈爱的 d. However, the baseball glove is more than an item of emotional value. Originally, baseball was played without gloves because the balls were home-made and soft. Made from string covered with leather or cotton sacks stuffed with rags,the balls were easier on the hand. The late 19th century saw baseballs made by machine and standardized across the United States to be tighter and harder, and they were capable of hurting a catcher’s hands. (2) __________________________________________________ 最初，棒球比赛不戴手套，因为球是手工制作的，质地较软。这些球由缠绕皮革或棉布包裹的绳子制成，或用破布填充的布袋制成，对手掌的冲击力较小。到了19世纪末，棒球开始由机器制造，并在美国范围内标准化，变得更紧更硬，足以伤到捕手的手。这导致手套被设计成能缓冲接球的柔软结构。 sack/sæk/大麻袋; 大厚纸袋 stuff  v. 填满,装满,塞满,灌满 easy舒适的 stand·ard·ize使标准化,使符合标准(或规格) g. This led to gloves being designed to soften the catch. Baseball gloves were initially just leather work gloves adapted to suit the player’s needs. (3) ____________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________ However, the simple padded work gloves could not prevent knuckles from bursting, fingers from splitting and bones from breaking.The solution? More padding was added to the glove. 然而，简单的加厚工作手套却无法防止指关节破裂、手指撕裂以及骨头折断的情况发生。 adapt适应,调整,使适合,改编,改造,改装 knuckle  /ˈnʌkl/ 指节；指关节 burst (使)爆裂，胀开 split（使）撕裂 pad·ding /ˈpædɪŋ/衬料；衬垫 b. For example, catchers’ mitts were work gloves without fingers to allow the player to better handle the ball. (4) ______________________________________________ ________________________________________ This design changed little until the late 1930s, when an extra flap web that looked like a fishing net was added between the thumb and the fingers. This made it possible for first basemen to catch thrown balls more easily,revolutionizing the function of the mitt.早期的一垒手套设计从填充式外野手套演变为开放式手套设计。这种设计在 20 世纪 30 年代末之前几乎没有变化。直到那时，拇指和手指之间多了一层类似渔网的附加网状部分。这使得一垒手能够更轻松地接住投过来的球，从而彻底改变了手套的功能。 flap  /flæp/（附于某物的）片状下垂物 f. Early first base mitt designs were specialized from the padded fielders’ glove to an open mitt design. During the first half of the 20th century, fielders’ gloves evolved steadily to improve their catch. Field glove designs were adapted with longer fingers, deeper pockets and larger webs between the thumb and the fingers. New designs also added lace between the fingers, making it easier for players to catch the ball.在20世纪上半叶，外野手的手套稳步发展，以提高他们的捕获量。野战手套的设计采用了更长的手指，更深的球袋和拇指和手指之间更大的网。新设计还增加了手指间的网眼织物，使球员更容易接球。 pocket球袋；网袋 lace网眼织物；花边；蕾丝 Even more significantly, a new glove design was introduced in 1957, with a special feature in the heel of the glove’s palm, which allowed the glove to completely fold around the ball. (5) _________________________________________________ _____________________ This characteristic has become the standard for glove design to this day. Catchers’ and first basemen’s mitts also adopted this style.更重要的是，1957年推出了一种新的手套设计，在手套手掌的跟部有一个特殊的特征，这使得手套可以完全包住棒球。多亏了这种新设计，捕手可以轻松地单手接球。这一特征至今仍是手套设计的标准。捕手和一垒手的棒球手套也采用了这种风格。introduce sth (into/to sth)推行/出；实施；采用 heel of your hand/palm手掌根 fold 包；裹 to date/this day直到如今；甚至现在 Thanks to this new design, fielders could easily snatch the ball with only one hand. From fingerless work gloves to flashy gloves designed for each position, the evolution of the baseball glove since the early days of professional baseball is as fascinating as the game itself. Due to technological advances, we may look forward to even newer designs for baseball gloves. 从无指工作手套到为每个位置设计的华丽手套，棒球手套自职业棒球早期以来的演变就像比赛本身一样令人着迷。由于技术的进步，我们可以期待更新的棒球手套设计。 flashy  /ˈflæʃi/ 俗艳的,(因昂贵、巨大等)显眼的;炫耀技艺的;(人)穿着奢华的 $