2026届高考英语外刊改编阅读：（心理与成长）如何不再凡事“对号入座”练习

高考英语外刊改编阅读：（心理与成长）如何不再凡事“对号入座” 文章主旨：每个人都渴望自尊自爱，希望以积极的眼光看待自己。但生活中，他人的评价或突发情况往往容易让我们“对号入座”，进而怀疑自我价值。其实，很多时候这源于我们的主观认知偏差——包括“个人化解读”和“臆想他人想法”两种思维模式。学会挑战负面假设、换位思考，并用“真实自豪感”替代“自负式骄傲”，就能减少这种敏感心态，更从容地面对生活。（来源BBC） 本材料聚焦心理成长热点话题，兼具实用性与指导性，适配高考英语阅读、完形填空等题型命题要求，能有效考查学生对说明性文本的理解、细节捕捉及逻辑推理能力。 第二部分 阅读(共两节) 第一节阅读理解题（词数：372词） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Most of us seek self-respect, wanting to see ourselves in a positive light and be proud of who we are. Any comments or experiences that undermine our self-worth can be uncomfortable, and it’s natural to want to avoid them. However, whether our self-worth is truly being undermined is largely subjective — much depends on how we perceive what someone said or did. When you take things personally, you interpret situations as saying something significant and negative about you as a person. For example, if your boss points out flaws in your sales report, you might feel she thinks you’re a bad employee. Or if two friends cancel a planned get-together, you might believe they’re bored of you. Psychologists call this “personalisation”. But the reality is often different. Your boss might highly value you — she just wanted to help you improve by pointing out mistakes in the report. As for your friends, they might have canceled because they felt unwell or simply changed their minds. In such cases, another psychological process is at work: “mind reading”. This is when you assume you know what others are thinking about you without asking directly — like believing your boss finds you useless or your friends find you boring. One simple way to avoid personalisation and mind reading is to challenge your negative assumptions. When you catch yourself taking something personally, try to think of other interpretations that aren’t focused on you. Putting yourself in others’ shoes can help. For instance, giving negative feedback tactfully is not easy — the fact your boss took time to give feedback shows she cares about your improvement. And your friends might have canceled because your friendship is strong enough to allow flexibility. Additionally, the type of pride you have matters. “Hubristic pride” — feeling inherently exceptional — makes you more sensitive and prone to taking things personally. Instead, “authentic pride” — being proud of your efforts, intentions and achievements — will make you less inclined to do so. 1. What does the underlined word “undermine” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Strengthen B. Damage C. Improve D. Protect 2. What is “personalisation” according to psychologists? A. Taking others’ words or actions as negative comments about oneself. B. Asking others directly about their true thoughts. C. Feeling proud of one’s own efforts and achievements. D. Avoiding uncomfortable comments or experiences. 3. How can we avoid mind reading and personalisation? A. Ignore others’ feedback completely. B. Assume the worst about others’ intentions. C. Consider alternative explanations and换位思考. D. Focus on proving one’s inherent superiority. 4. What is the difference between hubristic pride and authentic pride? A. Hubristic pride is based on others’ praise, while authentic pride is based on self-criticism. B. Hubristic pride makes people less sensitive, while authentic pride makes people more sensitive. C. Hubristic pride comes from feeling exceptional, while authentic pride comes from efforts and achievements. D. Hubristic pride helps improve relationships, while authentic pride harms them. 第二节七选五题（词数：288词） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many of us tend to take things personally, which often leads to unnecessary stress and self-doubt. But the good news is that this habit can be changed with awareness and effort. 1. __________ For example, if a colleague doesn’t reply to your message promptly, you might think they dislike you. Or if a teacher criticizes your homework, you might feel you’re a terrible student. Psychologists call this way of thinking “personalisation” — interpreting others’ words or actions as negative judgments about your worth. 2. __________ This is when you assume you know what others are thinking without any evidence. But why do we do this? Most of us want to feel good about ourselves, so any situation that seems to threaten our self-respect can trigger this response. 3. __________ For instance, your colleague might have been busy, and your teacher might have criticized your homework to help you progress. So how can we stop taking things personally? First, challenge your negative assumptions. When you catch yourself overthinking, try to list other possible explanations. 4. __________ Putting yourself in their shoes can help you see the situation more objectively. Second, adjust your sense of pride. 5. __________ This kind of pride makes you sensitive to criticism. Instead, take pride in your hard work, good intentions and growth — this “authentic pride” will make you more resilient. A. Another related thought pattern is “mind reading”. B. Taking things personally often stems from misinterpretation. C. Hubristic pride — feeling you’re inherently better than others — is unhelpful. D. We often forget that others’ actions are usually about themselves, not us. E. People with authentic pride are more likely to take things personally. F. Many situations that seem negative are not about you at all. G. How can we deal with others’ negative comments effectively? 第三部分 语言运用(共两节) 第一节完形填空题(词数：278词) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Most people want to have self-respect and see themselves in a positive way. Any comments that 1. __________ their self-worth can make them feel uncomfortable. But in fact, whether one’s self-worth is truly hurt is largely 2. __________ — it depends on how they perceive others’ words or actions. When you take things personally, you 3. __________ situations as negative judgments about you. For example, if your boss finds flaws in your work report, you might feel she thinks you’re a 4. __________ employee. Or if your friends 5. _________ a planned meeting, you might believe they’re bored of you. Psychologists call this “personalisation”. But the 6. __________ is often different. Your boss might 7. __________ you highly and just wants to help you improve. Your friends might have canceled because they felt unwell. In these cases, you’re engaging in “mind reading” — 8. __________ you know what others are thinking without asking directly. To avoid these thought patterns, try to 9. __________ your negative assumptions. When you take something personally, think of other possible explanations. 10. __________ in others’ shoes can help. For example, giving negative feedback tactfully is not easy, and your boss’s feedback 11. __________ she cares about your growth. Moreover, the type of pride you have matters. “Hubristic pride” — feeling inherently exceptional — makes you more 12. ________ to take things personally. Instead, “authentic pride” — being proud of your efforts and 13. __________ — will make you less sensitive. Changing this habit takes time and 14. __________, but it’s worth it. You’ll feel less stressed and more confident, and your relationships with others will become more 15. __________. 1. A. build B. undermine C. protect D. show 2. A. subjective B. objective C. obvious D. hidden 3. A. describe B. forget C. interpret D. create 4. A. good B. lazy C. valuable D. poor 5. A. attend B. cancel C. plan D. enjoy 6. A. dream B. reality C. problem D. excuse 7. A. value B. doubt C. ignore D. blame 8. A. remembering B. denying C. assuming D. proving 9. A. share B. challenge C. accept D. support 10. A. Standing B. Sitting C. Looking D. Walking 11. A. promises B. means C. denies D. admits 12. A. likely B. unlikely C. afraid D. tired 13. A. failures B. mistakes C. achievements D. weaknesses 14. A. money B. effort C. luck D. time 15. A. stressful B. distant C. complicated D. harmonious 第二节语篇填空题(词数：215词) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Most of us strive for self-respect and want to see ourselves in a positive light. Any comments that undermine our self-worth can be uncomfortable, but whether our self-worth is truly harmed is largely subjective — much 1. __________ (depend) on our perception of others’ words or actions. When you take things personally, you interpret situations as 2. __________ (say) something negative about you. Psychologists call this “personalisation”. For example, if your boss points out flaws in your report, you might feel she thinks you’re a poor employee. But the reality is that she might value you highly and just 3. __________ (want) to help you improve. Another psychological process at work is “mind reading” — assuming you know what others 4. __________ (think) without asking directly. To avoid these thought patterns, try to challenge your negative 5. __________ (assume). When you take something personally, think of other interpretations and put 6. __________ (you) in others’ shoes. The type of pride you have also plays a role. “Hubristic pride” — feeling inherently exceptional — makes you more sensitive and prone to 7. __________ (take) things personally. Instead, “authentic pride” — 8. __________ (be) proud of your efforts and achievements — will make you less inclined to do so. Changing this habit isn’t easy, but it’s worthwhile. It will help you feel 9. __________ (little) stressed and more confident. In the end, you’ll build better relationships and have a 10. __________ (healthy) mindset. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 如何不再凡事“对号入座”英语题答案与解析 一、阅读理解题（第一节） 答案：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 解析： 1. 第1题 考点：考查词义猜测能力，需结合上下文语境推断生词含义。 解析：第一段提到“Most of us seek self-respect... Any comments or experiences that undermine our self-worth can be uncomfortable”，“寻求自尊”与“让人不适的评论/经历”形成对比，可推断“undermine”是“损害”之意。A. Strengthen（加强）、C. Improve（改善）、D. Protect（保护）均与“让人不适”的语境矛盾，故选B. Damage（损害）。 2. 第2题 考点：考查细节信息定位与定义理解能力。 解析：第二段明确说明“When you take things personally, you interpret situations as saying something significant and negative about you as a person. Psychologists call this ‘personalisation’”，即“个人化解读”是将他人言行视为对自己的负面评价。B. 直接询问他人真实想法，与“mind reading”（臆想他人想法）的描述相反；C. 为自己的努力和成就自豪，是“authentic pride”（真实自豪感）的定义；D. 避免令人不适的评论或经历，是人们的自然愿望，并非“personalisation”的定义。故选A。 3. 第3题 考点：考查细节信息筛选与归纳能力。 解析：第四段提到“One simple way to avoid personalisation and mind reading is to challenge your negative assumptions... think of other interpretations that aren’t focused on you. Putting yourself in others’ shoes can help”，即避免这两种思维模式的方法是挑战负面假设、考虑其他解释并换位思考。A. 完全忽视他人反馈，原文未提及且不符合理性沟通原则；B. 臆断他人意图最坏，与“挑战负面假设”相悖；D. 专注于证明自身内在优越性，是“hubristic pride”（自负式骄傲）的表现，会加剧“对号入座”。故选C。 4. 第4题 考点：考查细节信息对比与理解能力。 解析：最后一段明确指出“‘Hubristic pride’ — feeling inherently exceptional... ‘authentic pride’ — being proud of your efforts, intentions and achievements”，即两者的区别在于来源：自负式骄傲源于“觉得自己天生特别”，真实自豪感源于“努力、意图和成就”。A. 自负式骄傲基于他人赞扬、真实自豪感基于自我批评，原文无此表述；B. 自负式骄傲让人不敏感、真实自豪感让人敏感，与原文“hubristic pride makes you more sensitive”矛盾；D. 自负式骄傲有助于改善关系、真实自豪感损害关系，原文未提及且与逻辑不符（真实自豪感更易让人从容面对关系）。故选C。 二、七选五题（第二节） 答案：1.B 2.A 3.D 4.F 5.C 解析： 考点：考查语篇逻辑连贯与上下文衔接能力，需根据段落主题和前后句意匹配选项。 1. 空格后通过“同事未及时回复消息就觉得被讨厌”“老师批评作业就觉得自己是差学生”举例，说明“对号入座”是对情况的误读，B选项“Taking things personally often stems from misinterpretation.”（对号入座往往源于误解）概括该段核心，引出下文例证，符合逻辑。 2. 空格前介绍“personalisation”（个人化解读），空格后说明“未加证实就臆断他人想法”的行为，A选项“Another related thought pattern is ‘mind reading’.”（另一种相关的思维模式是“臆想他人想法”）承接前文，引出第二种思维模式，“another”体现逻辑递进，符合语境。 3. 空格后举例“同事可能很忙”“老师批评是为了帮助进步”，说明他人行为往往与自己无关，D选项“We often forget that others’ actions are usually about themselves, not us.”（我们常常忘记，他人的行为通常与他们自己有关，而非我们）解释了“对号入座”的误区，引出下文具体例证，衔接自然。 4. 空格前说“尝试列出其他可能的解释”，空格后说“换位思考能帮助客观看待情况”，F选项“Many situations that seem negative are not about you at all.”（很多看似负面的情况根本与你无关）是对“其他解释”的具体说明，衔接前后内容，符合逻辑。 5. 空格后提到“这种骄傲会让你对批评敏感”，且后文对比“authentic pride”，可推断此处介绍“hubristic pride”，C选项“Hubristic pride — feeling you’re inherently better than others — is unhelpful.”（自负式骄傲——觉得自己天生比别人好——是无益的）符合语境，“this kind of pride”指代前文“hubristic pride”，衔接紧密。 三、完形填空题（第三部分第一节） 答案：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.D 解析： 考点：考查词汇辨析、固定搭配、上下文语境理解等语言运用能力。 1. 结合语境，“损害”自我价值的评论会让人不适，B. undermine（损害）；A. build（建立）、C. protect（保护）、D. show（展示）均与“uncomfortable”矛盾，故选B。 2. 后文提到“取决于人们如何看待他人的言行”，说明是否真的伤害自我价值是“主观的”，A. subjective（主观的）；B. objective（客观的）、C. obvious（明显的）、D. hidden（隐藏的）均不符合“依赖个人感知”的语境，故选A。 3. “对号入座”是将情况“解读”为对自己的负面评价，C. interpret（解读）；A. describe（描述）、B. forget（忘记）、D. create（创造）均不符合“主观认知”的含义，故选C。 4. 老板指出报告漏洞，“对号入座”会觉得自己是“不合格的”员工，D. poor（差的，不合格的）；A. good（好的）、C. valuable（有价值的）与“负面评价”矛盾；B. lazy（懒惰的），原文未提及“懒惰”，仅说“报告有漏洞”，故选D。 5. 朋友“取消”计划好的见面，会让人觉得自己被讨厌，B. cancel（取消）；A. attend（参加）、C. plan（计划）、D. enjoy（享受）均与“觉得被讨厌”的语境不符，故选B。 6. 前文是“对号入座”的主观想法，此处转折说明“现实”往往不同，B. reality（现实）；A. dream（梦想）、C. problem（问题）、D. excuse（借口）均不符合“主观与客观对比”的逻辑，故选B。 7. 老板指出漏洞是为了帮助进步，说明老板很“重视”你，A. value（重视）；B. doubt（怀疑）、C. ignore（忽视）、D. blame（责备）均与“帮助进步”的语境矛盾，故选A。 8. “臆想他人想法”是“未直接询问就假定”知道他人的想法，C. assuming（假定）；A. remembering（记得）、B. denying（否认）、D. proving（证明）均不符合定义，故选C。 9. 要避免这些思维模式，需“挑战”自己的负面假设，B. challenge（挑战）；A. share（分享）、C. accept（接受）、D. support（支持）均会加剧负面认知，故选B。 10. 固定搭配“walk in others’ shoes”（换位思考），D. Walking；A. Standing（站立）、B. Sitting（坐）、C. Looking（看）均不搭配，故选D。 11. 老板花时间给出反馈，“意味着”她关心你的成长，B. means（意味着）；A. promises（承诺）、C. denies（否认）、D. admits（承认）均不符合语境，故选B。 12. 自负式骄傲会让人更“可能”对号入座，固定搭配“be prone to”（易于……）与“be likely to”（可能……）语义一致，A. likely（可能的）；B. unlikely（不可能的）与文意相反；C. afraid（害怕的）、D. tired（疲惫的）均不符合，故选A。 13. 真实自豪感是为自己的努力和“成就”自豪，C. achievements（成就）；A. failures（失败）、B. mistakes（错误）、D. weaknesses（弱点）均与“自豪”的积极语境矛盾，故选C。 14. 改变这个习惯需要时间和“努力”，B. effort（努力）；A. money（金钱）、C. luck（运气）、D. time（时间，与前文重复）均不符合“改变习惯”的常识，故选B。 15. 减少压力、增强自信后，人际关系会更“和谐”，D. harmonious（和谐的）；A. stressful（有压力的）、B. distant（疏远的）、C. complicated（复杂的）均与积极改变的结果矛盾，故选D。 四、语篇填空题（第三部分第二节） 答案：1.depending 2.saying 3.wants 4.are thinking 5.assumptions 6.yourself 7.taking 8.being 9.less 10.healthier 解析： 考点：考查非谓语动词、时态、名词单复数、代词、形容词比较级等语法知识，需结合语境和语法规则填空。 1. 此处为独立主格结构，“much”（很大程度上）与“depend”（取决于）是主动关系，用现在分词depending。 2. 介词“as”后接动名词作宾语，故填say的动名词形式saying。 3. 主语“she”是第三人称单数，全文时态为一般现在时，故填want的第三人称单数形式wants。 4. 此处表示“他人正在想什么”，用现在进行时，主语“others”是复数，故填are thinking。 5. 空格前有“negative”（负面的）修饰，需用名词形式，“assume”的名词为assumption，此处指多个“负面假设”，用复数assumptions。 6. 固定搭配“put oneself in others’ shoes”（换位思考），故填反身代词yourself。 7. 固定搭配“be prone to doing sth.”（易于做某事），“to”是介词，故填take的动名词形式taking。 8. 此处与前文“feeling inherently exceptional”结构一致，作“authentic pride”的同位语，用现在分词being。 9. 空格后“more confident”（更自信）提示用比较级，“little”的比较级为less，此处表示“更少的压力”。 10. 空格前“better relationships”（更好的关系）提示用比较级，“healthy”的比较级为healthier，此处表示“更健康的心态”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $