Unit 4 单词系统讲解表（按词性分类）2025-2026学年外研版英语七年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了外研版七上Unit 4单词内容，涵盖形容词、名词、动词、副词及介词短语五大知识范畴，为学生搭建了从“词性认知”到“搭配运用”再到“语境应用”的阶梯式学习支架。 清单通过“词性分类+多维解析”构建知识体系，每个单词均配备常见搭配、考点提示及经典例句，如“whole”标注与“all”的用法区别，“plastic”说明名形两性转换，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。特别设计“考点提示”专栏，如“shocked”标注形容词形式及副词转换，助力不同学生精准掌握要点，教师可直接用于词汇教学拓展，提升课堂效率。

外研版七上英语Unit 4 单词系统讲解表 (按词性分类) 一、形容词 单词 常见搭配 考点提示 经典例句 unusual / n ju u l/ (adj. 不平常的;罕见的) an unusual day、unusual experience 反义词为usual;副词形式为unusually Today is an unusual day because I met my favorite star. whole /h l/ (adj. 整个的,全部的) the whole day、a whole apple 与all的区别:whole修饰单数名词,all修饰复数/不可数名词 He spent the whole morning reading books. shocked / kt/ (adj. 吃惊的,震惊的) be shocked at sth.、be shocked to do sth. 是shock的形容词形式,副词为shockingly I was shocked at the news of his death. round /ra nd/ (adj. 圆形的,环形的) a round table、round face 反义词为square(方形的) The moon is round and bright at Mid-Autumn Festival. plastic / pl st k/ (adj. 塑料制的) plastic bag、plastic bottle 作名词时表“塑料”,可作不可数/可数名词 We should use fewer plastic bags to protect the environment. thirsty / sti/ (adj. 渴的,口渴的) be thirsty、feel thirsty、thirsty for knowledge 副词为thirstily;固定搭配thirsty for sth. I'm very thirsty after running, can I have some water? serious / s ri s/ (adj. 严重的;严肃的;认真的) serious illness、be serious about sth. 副词为seriously;反义词为casual He is in hospital with a serious heart illness. bright /bra t/ (adj. 欢快的;充满生气的;明亮的;聪明的) bright smile、bright eyes、bright student 副词为brightly;比较级为brighter She has a bright smile that makes everyone happy. medical / med kl/ (adj. 医学的;医疗的) medical care、medical student 名词形式为medicine(药;医学) He is studying to be a medical student at university. 二、名词 单词 常见搭配 考点提示 经典例句 university / ju n v s ti/ (n. 大学) a famous university、go to university 复数为universities;go to university前不加the He wants to study at Peking University in the future. dumpling / d mpl / (n. 水饺;饺子) make dumplings、eat dumplings 复数为dumplings;中国传统食物 We usually eat dumplings during the Spring Festival. cucumber / kju k mb / (n. 黄瓜) cucumber salad、cut a cucumber 复数为cucumbers;可作不可数/可数名词 She made a delicious cucumber salad for lunch. balloon /b lu n/ (n. 气球) blow up a balloon、fly a balloon 复数为balloons;可作动词表“膨胀” The children are playing with colorful balloons in the park. lantern / l nt n/ (n. 灯笼;提灯) paper lantern、Lantern Festival 复数为lanterns;Lantern Festival为元宵节 We made a paper lantern for the Lantern Festival. dish /d / (n. (烹制好的)菜肴;盘子) a delicious dish、wash the dishes 复数为dishes;wash the dishes表“洗盘子” This fish dish is my mother's speciality. pork /p k/ (n. 猪肉) pork chop、roast pork 不可数名词;表“一块猪肉”用a piece of pork My father likes to eat pork with vegetables. shape / e p/ (n. 形,形状,外形) in the shape of、out of shape 复数为shapes;可作动词表“塑造” The cloud is in the shape of a rabbit. reunion / ri ju ni n/ (n. 团圆,团聚) family reunion、reunion dinner 复数为reunions;reunion dinner表“团圆饭” We have a big family reunion during the Spring Festival. piece /pi s/ (n. 块;片;段;截) a piece of bread、a piece of paper 复数为pieces;常与of连用修饰不可数名词 Could you give me a piece of chocolate? knife /na f/ (n. 刀) kitchen knife、a knife and fork 复数为knives;a knife and fork作主语用单数 Be careful with the kitchen knife, it's very sharp. smell /smel/ (n. 气味) a sweet smell、bad smell 可作动词表“闻起来”,后接形容词 The smell of coffee fills the room. Christmas / kr sm s/ (n. 圣诞节(期间)) Christmas tree、Merry Christmas 专有名词;Christmas Day指12月25日 We decorate a Christmas tree every year at Christmas. waste /we st/ (n. 废料,废弃物) a waste of time、waste water 可作动词表“浪费”;形容词为wasteful Don't throw away the waste paper, we can recycle it. pollution /p lu n/ (n. 污染) air pollution、reduce pollution 不可数名词;动词形式为pollute Air pollution is a serious problem in big cities. meal /mi l/ (n. 一餐;饭) three meals a day、have a meal 复数为meals;与dinner的区别:meal泛指一餐 We usually have three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. duty / dju ti/ (n. 职责,义务) do one's duty、on duty 复数为duties;on duty表“值班” It's a teacher's duty to teach students well. break /bre k/ (n. 中断,暂停) take a break、a coffee break 可作动词表“打破”,过去式为broke Let's take a ten-minute break before continuing the work. emergency / m d nsi/ (n. 紧急情况,不测事件) in an emergency、emergency exit 复数为emergencies;in an emergency表“紧急情况下” Call 120 in an emergency if someone is ill. challenge / t l nd / (n. 挑战,具有挑战性的事物) face a challenge、a big challenge 复数为challenges;可作动词表“挑战” Learning English well is a big challenge for me. patient / pe nt/ (n. 病人,患者) look after patients、a sick patient 复数为patients;作形容词表“有耐心的” The doctor is talking to the patient about his illness. situation / s t u e n/ (n. 形势,情况,状况,局面) a difficult situation、in a dangerous situation 复数为situations;与condition的区别:situation指整体形势 We need to find a way out of this difficult situation. regret /r gret/ (n. 遗憾;懊悔) feel regret、a lot of regret 可作动词表“后悔”,regret doing sth.表后悔做过某事 She felt great regret for not studying hard when she was young. decision /d s n/ (n. 决定,抉择) make a decision、a difficult decision 复数为decisions;动词形式为decide She made a decision to study abroad next year. support /s p t/ (n. 支持) give support、get support from sb. 不可数名词;可作动词表“支持” We all give our support to the school sports meeting. firework / fa w k/ (n. 烟火,烟花) set off fireworks、firework show 复数为fireworks;通常用复数形式 We set off fireworks to celebrate the Spring Festival. 三、动词 单词 常见搭配 考点提示 经典例句 treat /tri t/ (v. 请客,款待,招待) treat sb. to dinner、my treat 过去式为treated;my treat表“我请客” My father treated us to ice cream after dinner. realise / r la z/ (v. 知道;明白;认识到) realise one's mistake、realise a dream 美式拼写为realize;过去式为realised She finally realised that she was wrong. hang /h / (v. 悬挂;吊) hang a picture、hang up 表“悬挂”时过去式为hung;表“绞死”时为hanged She hung her coat on the hook by the door. joke /d k/ (v. 说笑话;开玩笑) tell a joke、play a joke on sb. 过去式为joked;joke about sth.表拿某事开玩笑 He likes to joke with his friends after class. laugh /l f/ (v. 发出笑声;(大)笑) laugh at sb.、laugh loudly 过去式为laughed;laugh at sb.表“嘲笑某人” Don't laugh at others when they make mistakes. fill /f l/ (v. 弥漫,充满;装满) fill with water、be filled with 过去式为filled;be filled with = be full of The room is filled with the sound of laughter. celebrate / sel bre t/ (v. 庆祝;庆贺) celebrate Christmas、celebrate a birthday 过去式为celebrated;名词形式为celebration We celebrate the Spring Festival with our family every year. shine / a n/ (v. 发光,发亮;照耀) shine brightly、the sun shines 过去式为shone;可表“表现出色” The stars are shining brightly in the night sky. miss /m s/ (v. 错过;想念) miss the bus、miss one's family 过去式为missed;miss doing sth.表“错过做某事” I missed the last bus, so I had to walk home. refuse /r fju z/ (v. 拒绝,回绝) refuse to do sth.、refuse an offer 过去式为refused;refuse to do sth.表“拒绝做某事” She refused to go to the party with him. matter / m t / (v. (尤指对某人自己或对发生之事)重要,要紧) It doesn't matter.、matter a lot 多用于否定句和疑问句;作名词表“事情” It doesn't matter if you are late for a few minutes. power / pa / (v. 给(车辆或机器)提供动力) power the car、power by electricity 过去式为powered;名词形式为power(力量) This car is powered by electricity. 四、副词 单词 常见搭配 考点提示 经典例句 along / l / (adv. 向前;一起) come along、move along 作介词时表“顺着,沿着”;get along表“相处” Come along, we're late! seldom / seld m/ (adv. 很少,罕见,不常) seldom go out、seldom eat meat 频度副词,置于实义动词前;否定意义副词 She seldom goes out at night. usually / ju u li/ (adv. 通常地;惯常地) usually get up、usually go to school 频度副词;反义词为unusually I usually get up at seven o'clock in the morning. 五、介词/短语 单词/短语 常见搭配 考点提示 经典例句 along / l / (prep. 顺着,沿着) walk along the road、along the river 作副词时表“向前;一起” We walked along the street to the park. across / kr s/ (prep. 从一边到另一边;穿过) walk across the street、swim across the river 作副词时不接宾语;与through的区别:across表表面穿过 He walked across the park to get to the other side. against the law (短语 违法) It's against the law to do sth.、go against the law against是介词,表“违反”;law前加the It's against the law to drive without a license. pick up (短语 v. 搭载;接载;捡起) pick up sb.、pick up sth. 动副短语,代词作宾语放中间;可表“偶然学会” My father will pick me up at the school gate after class. throw away (短语 v. 扔掉,丢弃) throw away the rubbish、throw away old clothes 动副短语,代词作宾语放中间;throw过去式为threw Please throw away the broken glass, it's dangerous. 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