4.情态动词should could might have done表虚拟推测或责备-2025-2026学年高中英语期末语法复习选择性必修3（重大版）

期末语法复习 选择性必修3·重庆大学出版社·情态动词(should/could/might havedone表虚拟推测或责备) 一、考点概述 情态动词should/could/might have done是高中英语重要语法结构，用于对过去情况进行 虚拟推测或表达责备、遗憾等情感，核心在于通过不同情态动词体现推测的确定性差异 及语气强弱。 二、核心考点解析 考点一：should have done表责备或遗憾（与过去事实相反） 结构：should+have+过去分词（表示“本应该做某事但未做”，含责备或后悔语气） 例句：You should have told me the truth earlier..(你本应该早点告诉我真相的。) 真题再现： Youmore careful with the experiment;:you made too many mistakes..【2023重庆某校高 二期末】 A)should be B)should have been C)must be D)must have been 答案：B 解析：表示对过去未做之事的责备，应使用should have been -I forgot to bring my notebook. 一You it before leaving home..【2022重庆大学出版社教材配套练习】 A)should pack B)should have packed C)must pack D)must have packed 答案：B 考点二：could have done表能力或可能性（与过去事实相反） 结构：could+have+过去分词（表示“本能够做某事但未做”或对过去事情的推测） 例句：She could have passed the exam,but she was too lazy.(她本能够通过考试，但她太 懒了。) 真题再现： If you had called me,.I you at the airport.【2023新高考IⅡ卷模拟】 A)could meet B)could have met C)must meet D)must have met 答案：B 解析：表示过去本能够实现的动作，应使用could have met Hethe game,but he gave up halfway..【2022重庆某校高三一模】 A)could win B)could have won C)might win D)might have won 答案：B 考点三：might have done表推测或不确定性（与过去事实相关） 结构：might+have+过去分词（表示对过去事情的可能性推测，“可能已经…”) 例句：The ground is wet;:it might have rained last night..(地面湿了，昨晚可能下雨了。) 真题再现： -Why didn't Tom come to the party? 一Heill,.butI'm not sure.【2021重庆大学出版社同步练习】 A)might be B)might have been C)must be D)must have been 答案：B 解析：表示对过去情况的不确定推测，应使用might have been Shehere earlier,but there was a traffic jam.【2023重庆某校高二质检】 A)might arrive B)might have arrived C)should arrive D)should have arrived 答案：B 考点四：情态动词have done的否定形式及区别 结构：shouldn't have done(本不应该做但做了)；couldn't have done(不可能做过)； might not have done(可能没做过) 例句：You shouldn't have lied to your parents..(你本不应该对父母撒谎。) 真题再现： Youso much food;now it''s all wasted.【2022全国甲卷模拟】 A)needn't buy B)needn't have bought C)shouldn't buy D)shouldn't have bought 答案：D 解析：表示对过去不当行为的责备，应使用shouldn't have bought -Could he have finished the task alone? 一No,he一，because he asked me for help.【2023重庆某校高三期末】 A)couldn't have B)shouldn't have C)might not have D)needn't have 答案：A 三、考点综合训练 (一)单项选择 1.You the broken glass on the floor;it was dangerous for the kids A)shouldn't leave B)shouldn't have left C)mustn't leave D)mustn't have left 2.-Why is the classroom empty? -They_a PE class,but I'm not certain. A)might have B)might have had C)should have D)should have had 3.If shethe map with her,she wouldn't have got lost in the mountains. A)took B)takes C)had taken D)should take 4.He the project on time,but he fell ill and had to delay it. A)could finish B)could have finished C)must finish D)must have finished 5.-Did you hear the noise last night? -I'm not sure.It a cat,but I can't confirm. A)might be B)might have been C)must be D)must have been (二)完成句子 1.你本应该早点告诉我这个消息的。 You me the news earlier. 2.他们可能已经出发去机场了，我们快追不上了。 They for the airport,so we can hardly catch up. 3.如果他再努力一点，本能够通过驾照考试的。 He _the driving test if he had worked harder. 4.你昨天不应该对妈妈大喊大叫，她很伤心。 You at Mom yesterday;she was very sad. (三)短文改错 下面短文中共有5处与情态动词have done相关的错误，请找出并改正 1.I wish I could meet you at the station yesterday,but my flight was delayed. 2.The teacher suggested that we should have finished the homework before class,but many of us didn't. 3.If you told me about the party earlier,I would have attended it. 4.You mustn't have bought so many snacks;now we can't finish them. 5.She might be late for the meeting this morning because of the traffic jam. (四)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Yesterday,Tom missed the school bus and arrived late for class.His teacher asked,"Why are you late?"Tom replied,"I(oversleep),but I'm not sure.Maybe my alarm clock didn't ring."The teacher sighed,"You(set)two alarms.Now you(copy)the text twice as punishment."Tom thought,"I(not stay)up late playing games last night.This is all my fault.” (五)参考答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：1.B2.B3.C4.B5.B 2.完成句子答案： 1.should have told 2.might have left 3.could have passed 4.shouldn't have shouted 3.短文改错答案： (1)could meet-could have met (2)should have finished-finish (3)told→had told ☐nustn't have→shouldn't have ☐might be→might have been 4.语法填空答案： might have overslept should have set will have to copy shouldn't have stayed 英语语法复习手册·选择性必修3·重庆大学出版社·情态动词(should/.could/might have done 表虚拟推测或责备)