内容正文:
Unit5语法详解+专项练习
可数名词与不可数名词(Countable / Uncountable nouns)
1. 概念界定
· 可数名词(Countable nouns, CN):可以数出数量的名词,有单数和复数形式,如tomato, potato, cake;
· 不可数名词(Uncountable nouns, UN):无法直接数出数量的名词,无复数形式,如milk, rice, meat, flour 。
2. 分类及特征
(1)可数名词
· 普通可数名词:有单复数变化,单数前可加a/an,复数可直接用数词修饰。
示例:a potato → two potatoes; a carrot → three carrots
· 特殊可数名词:复数形式不规则,需单独记忆(食材类)。
示例:tomato → tomatoes; leaf → leaves; knife → knives
(2)不可数名词
· 物质名词:表示材料、食物、液体等,如milk, water, flour, sugar, meat, rice;
· 抽象名词:表示情感、概念等,如happiness, time。
· 特征:
① 无复数形式,不能直接用数词修饰(如two milk错误);
② 前不能直接加a/an(如a rice错误);
③ 需用“量词+of”表达数量,如a glass of milk, two bowls of rice。
3. 数量表达
(1)可数名词的数量表达
· 单数:a/an + 可数名词单数(a tomato);
· 复数:数词 + 可数名词复数(three potatoes)/ some/many/few/a few + 可数名词复数(some carrots, many eggs)。
(2)不可数名词的数量表达
· 基础结构:量词 + of + 不可数名词,量词有单复数变化。
常用量词(食材类):
不可数名词
量词搭配
示例
milk
a glass/bottle of
a glass of milk
rice
a bowl of
two bowls of rice
flour
a bag of
a bag of flour
sugar
a spoon of
three spoons of sugar
meat
a piece of
a piece of meat
· 修饰词:some/much/little/a little + 不可数名词(some sugar, much flour)。
4. 核心考点拆解
(1)可数与不可数名词的辨析(食材类易错点)
· 易混可数名词:tomato, potato, egg, carrot, cake(cake表“一块蛋糕”时可数,表“蛋糕这种食物”时不可数);
· 易混不可数名词:milk, water, flour, sugar, salt, butter, cheese。
(2)“量词+of”的主谓一致
“数词+量词+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由量词的单复数决定。
示例:
· A bowl of rice is on the table.(量词bowl为单数,谓语用is)
· Two bowls of rice are on the table.(量词bowls为复数,谓语用are)
(3)some/any的用法
· some用于肯定句,修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词:I need some tomatoes and some milk.
· any用于否定句/疑问句,修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词:Do you have any sugar? / I don’t have any eggs.
· 例外:some用于疑问句表“请求/建议”,希望得到肯定回答:Can I have some water?
(4)不可数名词的“复数”表达
不可数名词本身无复数,若要表示“多种/不同类”,可在名词前加kinds of/sorts of:
示例:different kinds of meat(不同种类的肉)、many sorts of flour(多种面粉)。
专项练习题
(1)基础题:判断下列名词是可数(C)还是不可数(U)
1. tomato →
2. milk →
3. potato →
4. rice →
5. egg →
6. flour →
7. carrot →
8. sugar →
9. cake →
10. meat →
11. water →
12. onion →
13. butter →
14. cheese →
15. apple →
(2)基础题:用所给名词的适当形式填空
1. I need two ________ (tomato) and one ________ (potato) for the soup.
2. There is some ________ (milk) in the fridge.
3. How many ________ (egg) do you need to make the cake?
4. I want a bowl of ________ (rice) and a piece of ________ (meat).
5. There are some ________ (carrot) and some ________ (onion) on the table.
6. She adds two spoons of ________ (sugar) to the tea.
7. We need a bag of ________ (flour) to make bread.
8. How much ________ (water) do you drink every day?
9. I have three ________ (cake) for breakfast.
10. There is some ________ (butter) on the bread.
(3)基础题:用“量词+of”完成句子
1. 一杯牛奶 → a ________ of milk
2. 两碗米饭 → two ________ of rice
3. 一袋面粉 → a ________ of flour
4. 一勺糖 → a ________ of sugar
5. 一片肉 → a ________ of meat
6. 三瓶水 → three ________ of water
7. 一块奶酪 → a ________ of cheese
8. 五个西红柿 → five ________
(4)提升题:选择最佳选项补全句子
1. I need ________ tomato and ________ milk for the salad.
A. a; some B. some; a C. an; some
2. How many ________ do you need?
A. potato B. potatoes C. potatos
3. There ________ some rice and some eggs on the table.
A. is B. are C. am
4. I don’t have ________ sugar. Can you give me ________?
A. any; some B. some; any C. any; any
5. There are two ________ of flour in the kitchen.
A. bag B. bags C. a bag
6. How much ________ do you want?
A. carrots B. apple C. meat
7. She has ________ interesting book about cooking.
A. a B. an C. some
8. There ________ a bowl of soup and three cakes on the plate.
A. is B. are C. be
9. We need different ________ of meat for the party.
A. kind B. kinds C. a kind
10. Can I have ________ water, please?
A. some B. any C. a
参考答案
(1)基础题:判断可数(C)/不可数(U)
1. C 2. U 3. C 4. U 5. C
6. U 7. C 8. U 9. C 10. U
11. U 12. C 13. U 14. U 15. C
(2)基础题:用所给名词的适当形式填空
1. tomatoes; potato 2. milk 3. eggs 4. rice; meat 5. carrots; onions
6. sugar 7. flour 8. water 9. cakes 10. butter
(3)基础题:用“量词+of”完成句子
1. glass/bottle 2. bowls 3. bag 4. spoon 5. piece
6. bottles 7. piece 8. tomatoes
(4)提升题:选择最佳选项补全句子
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$