Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 单元知识回扣（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版）

该高中英语单元复习讲义通过分类梳理核心词汇（15个）、拓展词汇（14个，含词性转换）、重点短语（14个）及句型，构建系统知识体系，利用表格呈现3个重点句型（含句型公式、教材原句与仿写示例），清晰展示语法结构与应用逻辑，同时通过单元整合短文串联必备词汇，强化知识内在联系。 讲义的亮点在于“词汇-句型-语篇”的递进式复习设计，如重点句型部分提供仿写练习（如“too...to...”结构仿写“任务太难而不能按时完成”），助力语言能力提升；单元短文整合核心词汇（如decent, resolve, voyage等），培养词汇运用的思维品质。基础学生可夯实词汇短语基础，进阶学生能通过仿写与短文提升语用能力，教师可据此实施分层复习指导。

Ⅰ.核心词汇 1．Suffering a series of bitter(寒冷的) blows, she fell ill, a severe case of flu. 2．One night, his ship hit an iceberg and sank(下沉) in the Atlantic Ocean. 3．On their return voyage(航行), Pisano noticed something yellow floating in the water. 4．She knew for sure that she had found her courage in the adversity(困境)． 5．You should have your package checked thoroughly before going aboard(登机)． 6．We have to study hard so that we can go to top university and find a decent(体面的) job in the future. 7．Feeding four children and herself on a waitress's wages(工资) turned out to be hard. 8．I'm writing to convey our genuine(真诚的) welcome to you. 9．After spring sets in, everything comes back to life and is full of vigour(活力)． 10．Unlike the warm and damp(潮湿的) climate in Britain, it is freezing cold here in winter. 11．I will have a comfortable and grand house, where there are all kinds of equipment and furniture(家具)． 12．One motive(动机) in imposing the new rule is to enhance bankers' sense of responsibility. 13．All the candidates(候选人) are required to go through a careful selection process next Monday. 14．At that moment, I heard what sounded like a dog bark(吠叫)． 15．Sports and recreation(娱乐) are major activities in Chongqing, with numerous sports facilities, parks and gardens. Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力→endure vt.忍耐；容忍 2．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualification n．资格；条件 3．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地→enthusiasm n．热心，热情 4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．分配；任务 5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌 →envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的→enviously adv.羡慕地；妒忌地 6．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n．放纵； 放任→abandoned adj.被抛弃的； 无约束的 7．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的→misery n.痛苦，悲惨；不幸 8．selfish adj.自私的→selfishly adv.自私地→selfishness n．自私 9．persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求→perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 10．resolve vi.& vt.决定； 决心； 解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n．决议；解决；坚定 11．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→unfortunate adj.不幸的；遗憾的→fortunately adv.幸运地 12．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n．广告 13．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→roughly adv.粗糙地；概略地；大约；大致 14．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.犯罪；做错事；承诺；保证 Ⅲ.重点短语 1．turn sb down拒绝(某人) 2．be enthusiastic about...对……热情 3．set off出发；引起；动身；使爆炸 4．be/become stuck in困住；陷于 5．throw away扔掉，丢弃 6．to one's surprise令某人感到惊讶的是 7．go from bad to worse每况愈下 8．hold on不挂断电话，等一下；继续 9．ahead of...在……之前 10．cheer sb up使某人振作起来 11．make fire生火 12．give off放出(热、光、气味或气体) 13．pay sb back还给某人 14．sign up for注册；选课；报名参加 Ⅳ.重点句型 1.句型公式：as引导状语从句 教材原句：Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. 仿写1：随着故事的发展，关于这个神秘人物的真实情况被慢慢揭开了。 As the story develops，the truth about the mysterious figure is slowly discovered. 2.句型公式：too ...to ...太……而不能…… 教材原句：Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island,1,320 kilometres away — the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. 仿写2：说实话，这个任务太难了，我们不能按时完成。 To be honest, the task is too difficult for us to finish on time. 3.句型公式： keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句：Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way. 仿写3：他养成了一个把书摆放整齐的好习惯。 He forms a good habit of keeping his books in good order. Ⅴ.单元词汇整合——背诵下面短文(黑色字体为本单元必备词汇) Born in a rich family，my nephew，Tom，led a decent and cosy life when he was young.Later，he was tired of the boring life，so he resolved to join an expedition advertised in a newspaper.However，the leader turned him down，for he thought that Tom was not qualified.Tom didn't abandon his dream，for he was full of vigour and so enthusiastic about a great voyage.Later，he joined the navy on a bitter cold winter day.Unfortunately，the crew were stuck in a storm on rough seas one day.When the ship sank，their hearts also sank.Luckily，they were capable of escaping in a small boat.It was their endurance and perseverance that helped them survive.After Tom retired，he often gave lectures in a hall，where there were a lot of children who were interested in the voyage.He often talked of those miserable but unforgettable experiences，which attracted the children so much.When some of the children planned a voyage，he often offered some practical guidance.He is always a loyal adventurer！ ★本单元我学到了哪些语法规则？ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ★本单元我学到了什么写作手法？ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $