Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦直接引语与间接引语转换这一核心知识点，先阐释两者含义，再系统梳理人称“一随主、二随宾、三不变”，时态“主句过去时从句相应倒退”，指示代词、时间地点状语及方向性动词变化，以及陈述句、疑问句、祈使句的句式结构调整等规则，辅以即时演练和词汇拓展，末设练习题，构建从理论到实践的完整学习支架。 该资料以“口诀助记+语境演练”为特色，如人称变化口诀“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”提升学习能力，结合具体语境的句式转换练习培养语言运用能力，对比直接引语与间接引语的差异分析发展思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生通过练习巩固规则，查漏补缺。

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 直接引语和间接引语 一、直接引语和间接引语的含义 1．直接引语： 直接引用别人的话叫直接引语。 2．间接引语： 用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。 ①He said, “That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street.” →He said that was why he had a membership at the coworking space across the street. 他说那就是他在街对面的工作区有会员资格的原因。 ②He asked the villagers on the banks of the river, “Where can I find the famous artist? ” →He asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the famous artist. 他问河岸上的村民他在哪里才能找到那位著名的艺术家。 (1)直接引语前常使用逗号， 而不是冒号； 引号内直接引语的第一个单词首字母要大写。 (2)间接引语不用逗号、引号； 间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化。　 二、直接引语与间接引语的变化 1．人称的变化 直接引语变间接引语时的人称变化遵循以下原则： 一随主 直接引语中的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致 He says, “I like math very much.” →He says that he likes math very much. 二随宾 直接引语中的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致 He said to Lily, “ You must get up early.” →He told Lily that she must get up early. 三不变 直接引语的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变 She said to me, “ They want to help him.” →She told me that they wanted to help him. [巧学助记] 直接引语变间接引语时的人称变化口诀： 一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 [即时演练1]　句型转换 ①我说过那天你是第一个到达那里的。 I said, “You are the first to reach here today.” →I said that you were the first to reach there that day. ②琳达告诉蒂姆她要和他一起去那儿。 Linda said to Tim, “I'll go there with you.” →Linda told Tim that she would go there with him. ③她丈夫问她把他的外套放哪儿了。 Her husband said to her, “Where did you put my coat? ” →Her husband asked her where she had put his coat. ④老师问卡罗尔为什么她又哭了。 “Why do you cry again, Carol? ” asked the teacher. →The teacher asked Carol why she cried again. ⑤他告诉汤姆她可以帮助他们。 He said to Tom, “She can help them.” →He told Tom that she could help them. 2．时态的变化(主句为一般过去时) 项目 直接引语 间接引语 句子时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 一般将来时 过去将来时 ①He said, “He is a student.” →He said that he was a student. 他说他是一个学生。 ②He said, “He is reading.” →He said that he was reading. 他说他正在读书。 ③He said, “He will go home.” →He said that he would go home. 他说他要回家。 ④He said, “He has gone home.” →He said that he had gone home. 他说他已经回家了。 直接引语变间接引语之特殊时态变化 (1)主句是一般现在时态时， 从句可以根据意思使用相应的时态。 She says that she was going to buy a CD. 她说她曾打算去买一张CD。 She says that she went to buy a CD yesterday. 她说昨天她去买了一张CD。 She says that she will go to buy a CD tomorrow. 她说明天她要去买一张CD。 (2)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时， 时态不变。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, ” the teacher told me. →The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth. 老师告诉我， 地球绕着太阳转， 月球绕着地球转。 (3)直接引语中有具体的过去时间状语时，时态不变。 Tom said, “I was born on April 21, 1980.” →Tom said he was born on April 21, 1980. 汤姆说他生于1980年4月21日。　 [巧学助记] 　直接引语变间接引语口诀 直接引语变成间接引语，主句是陈述句且是过去时态时，其变化口诀是： 去掉引号加that, 人称使用要灵活，时态向后退一个，状语变化按原则。 [即时演练2]　将下列句子改为间接引语。 ①He said, “I like it very much.” →He said that he liked it very much. ②The designer said, “We have begun our project.” →The designer said that they had begun their project. ③My father said, “Practice makes perfect.” →My father said practice makes perfect. ④I said, “I will give her some advice tomorrow.” →I said that I would give her some advice the next day. 3．指示代词、时间、地点状语及方向性动词的变化 项目 直接引语 间接引语 指示 代词 this these that those 时间 now today tonight this week yesterday last week three days ago tomorrow next week then that day that night that week the day before the week before three days before the next day/ the following day the next week/ the following week 地点状语 here there 方向性 动词 come bring go take ①He said, “I opened the window this morning.” →He said that he opened the window that morning. 他说他那天早上打开了窗户。 ②He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.” →He said they had gone to the cinema the day before. 他说他们前一天去看电影了。 ③The manager said to me, “You must go there next week.” →The manager told me that I had to go there the next week. 经理告诉我下个星期必须去那儿。 ④He said, “It is nine o'clock now.” →He said that it was nine o'clock then. 他说那时是九点钟。 ⑤“Are you leaving today or tomorrow? ” Joan asked Kate. →Joan asked Kate if/whether she was leaving that day or the next day. 琼问凯特是今天走还是第二天走。 ⑥He said, “My sister was here three days ago.” →He said that his sister had been there three days before. 他说他姐姐三天前去过那儿。 ⑦“When you come here, will you please bring a dictionary? ” the editor said to the worker. →The editor asked whether the worker would take a dictionary when he went there. 编辑问这位工人去那里时能否带一本词典。 [即时演练3]　将下列句子改为间接引语 ①“She was here one week ago.”said John. →John said that she had been there one week before. ②“He is coming tonight, ” my mother said to me. →My mother told me that he was coming that night. ③They said, “We arrived this morning.” →They said that they had arrived that morning. ④He said, “I brought it home with me.” →He said that he had taken it home with him. ⑤Jim said, “I went to help my parents yesterday.” →Jim said that he had gone to help his parents the day before. 4．句子结构的变化 句式 连接词 语序 陈述句 that或省略 不变 一般疑问句 引述动词后加上if或whether 陈述语序 特殊疑问句 连接词不变 陈述语序 祈使句 无连接词 不变 ①He said to me, “You can help her.” →He said to me (that) I could help her. 他对我说我能帮助她。 ②He asked her, “Do you love me? ” →He asked her whether/if she loved him. 他问她是否爱他。 ③He asked me, “What color do you like? ” →He asked me what color I liked. 他问我喜欢什么颜色。 ④He shouted, “Lily, close the door.” →He told Lily to close the door. 他叫莉莉把门关上。 ⑤He said to me, “Don't be late.” →He asked me not to be late. 他叫我不要迟到。 [巧学助记] 直接引语变成间接引语时， 句式和语序变化口诀： 直引一般疑问句， 助动词语全去掉 if/whether替引号， 陈述语序要记牢 直引若为祈使句， 引述动后to需要 直引否定祈使句， to 前not少不了。 [即时演练4]　将下列句子改为间接引语 ①Mary wrote in her letter, “Mr Liu, when will you come to America? ” →Mary asked in her letter when Mr Liu would go to America. ②“Where are you going? ”the father asked his son. →The father asked his son where he was going. ③The teacher said, “Were you at school when I called you? ” →The teacher asked if/whether I was at school when she called me. ④“Listen to the teacher carefully in class! ” said Mr Wang to his son. →Mr Wang told his son to listen to the teacher carefully in class. ⑤“Don't make any noise, ” said Mrs Gao to the children. →Mrs Gao told the children not to make any noise. harmonious adj.和谐的 harmony n．融洽；和谐；协调 in harmony with sb/sth 与某人/某物协调；与某人/某物和谐相处 live/work in harmony 融洽地生活/工作 [经典佳句]　More importantly, with such positive energy, our society will become more and more harmonious. 更重要的是，有了这种正能量，我们的社会将变得越来越和谐。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I believe it is possible for different ethnic groups to live together in harmony. ②By sharing our cultures and learning from each other, we can build a more harmonious (harmony) global community.(2025·北京卷) ③只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处时，我们才能停止对地球的威胁。(应用文之演讲稿) Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to our planet. submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服 submit to...　向……屈服/认输 submit oneself to... 顺从/屈服于…… submit...to... 把……提交给…… submit an application/a proposal 提交一份申请/提案 [经典佳句]　I signed up for a reading activity, where I was expected to read some English books and submit a book review.(应用文之求助信) 我报名参加了一个阅读活动，在活动中我被要求阅读一些英语书籍并提交一篇书评。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Please submit your application forms to the company before the deadline. ②No matter what challenge he was faced with, he would never submit (himself) to it. ③记得在2025年11月30日前将你的论文提交到Englishcorner @126.com。 And remember to submit your essays to Englishcorner @ 126.com before November 30,2025. on behalf of代表(代替)某人 on behalf of sb＝on sb's behalf (英) represent v．代表；象征；表示 [经典佳句]　I'm honoured to be here to extend a warm welcome to you on behalf of our school.在这里我很荣幸地代表我们学校向你们表示热烈的欢迎。 [即时训练]　一句多译 代表学生会，我写信邀请你下周三下午3点到5点给我们做讲座。(邀请信) a．On behalf of the Student Union， I'm writing to invite you to give us a lecture from 3：00 p．m. to 5：00 p．m. next Wednesday. b．Representing the Student Union， I'm writing to invite you to give us a lecture from 3：00 p．m. to 5：00 p．m. next Wednesday. sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的 (1)be sensitive to/about 对……敏感；对……体贴 (2)sensible adj. 明智的，合理的 (3)sense n. 感官，感觉 vt. 发觉，意识到 [经典佳句]　You are too sensitive about what people think of you, which will make you exhausted.(应用文之建议信) 你对人们对于你的看法太敏感了，这会让你疲惫不堪。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You might ask your teachers, who can usually offer you some sensible (sense) advice. ②As tourism grows increasingly popular，Chinese are becoming particularly sensitive to improper behaviour. ③正是她的友善和责任感让我尊重她。 It is her friendliness and sense of responsibility that make me respect her. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．She reported that the next Olympic Games would be held (hold) in Los Angeles in 2028. 2．The moment I got home，my wife asked me whether/if I had been to the hospital. 3．The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said. 4．The teacher said that a friend in need is (be) a friend indeed. 5．—How dangerous drunk­driving is! —Yes.We should try to persuade our families and friends never to drive (drive) after drinking. Ⅱ.语法填空(使用本单元所学的直接引语和间接引语完成下面的语段) A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived.They were shocked to find Mac's bicycle lying on the road, his tent bag torn and Mac just like a drowned mouse.They asked anxiously 1.what on earth had happened (到底发生了什么)．Mac responded breathlessly that 2.he was almost eaten by a wolf (他差点被一只狼吃掉)．When told about 3.what Mac had experienced (Mac 经历了什么)，they couldn't help screaming out，“What a narrow escape！”“Yes, without their timely help, 4.I would have been the food of the wolf (我早已经是狼的盘中餐了)．” Mac's friends were also thankful to Paul and Becky.Afraid that there might be more potential dangers ahead，Paul and Becky asked kindly 5.whether/if they were in need of a lift (他们是否需要搭便车)．Mac and his friends answered with one voice，“6.We'd love to (我们乐意)．Thank you from the bottom of our hearts 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $