Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦动词不定式作表语这一核心知识点，系统梳理其具体用法，包括系动词be、seem等后说明主语内容，抽象名词作主语时表目的，疑问词加不定式结构等七种情况，对比与动名词、过去分词作表语的差异，解析主语带do时表语省略to的规则，配套即时演练和综合练习，构建从基础到应用的递进式学习支架。 该资料突出语言能力与思维品质的培养，通过应用文实例如滑雪俱乐部招募启事、心理健康周通知等帮助理解语法功能，结合对比分析如不定式表具体动作与动名词表抽象动作的区别提升辨析能力。课中辅助教师清晰授课，课后即时训练和词汇句型拓展助力学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，高效提升语法应用能力。

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 动词不定式作表语 一、动词不定式作表语的用法 1．不定式作表语时常见的动词 不定式作表语时，一般紧紧跟在系动词be, seem, remain, appear, get等后面，用来说明主语的内容。 The only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习。 He seemed not to notice the man next to him. 他似乎没注意到他旁边的那个男人。 2．主语是以way, aim, duty, hope, dream, idea, intention, purpose, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion, task, goal等抽象名词为中心词的名词词组，常用不定式作表语。 Our school is planning to form a ski club，whose aim is to help keen skiers learn skiing.(应用文之招募启事) 我们学校正计划成立一个滑雪俱乐部，目的是帮助滑雪爱好者学习滑雪。 To tell you the truth，my purpose of taking yoga classes is to stay in shape. 说实话，我上瑜伽课的目的是为了保持体形。 3．what 引导的名词性从句，后面的不定式作表语说明其内容。 What I want to do first is to learn how to do housework, like cooking and cleaning our room.(应用文之告知信) 我首先想做的是学习如何做家务，比如做饭和打扫我们的房间。 4．疑问词＋不定式结构 疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how, why后加动词不定式构成不定式短语，它在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 Our school will hold a Psychological Health Week next week, whose theme is how to relieve mental pressure.(应用文之通知) 我们学校下周将举办心理健康周(活动)，主题是如何缓解心理压力。 The problem is when and where to hold the grand activity. 问题是何时何地举办这次宏大的活动。 “疑问词＋不定式”中的不定式一般要用主动形式 The problem is what to do with the waste thrown by passengers. 问题是如何处理乘客们丢弃的垃圾。　 5．当主语包含定语从句且先行词为代词all或形容词最高级形式the least, the most时，其后可接“系动词＋不定式”作句子的表语。 All she wanted was to be left alone. 她只想一个人待着。 The least I can expect is to have this day all to myself. 至少我可以期待这一天完全属于我自己。 6．有些作表语的不定式如to blame, to let，在形式上是主动的，但在意义上是被动的。 It is John，rather than you，is to blame for the accident. 这次事故该受责备的是约翰而不是你。 7．be to do表示“计划、安排；命令；注定；目的；应该；可能”等意义。 There will still be lots of challenges if we are to sort out garbage in a short time. 如果我们想在短时间内实行垃圾分类，依然还有很多挑战。 According to the traffic regulations and rules, electric bike riders without helmets are to be warned or pay a fine for it. 根据交通法规和规则，骑电动自行车的人不戴头盔将受到警告或罚款。 [即时演练1]　单句语法填空 ①She had prepared lots of snacks, while my job was to have (have) the backyard in order. (2025·全国一卷) ②The first challenge I met in Senior High was how to improve(improve) my learning method. ③We tried every possible means, but the problems remained to be unsettled (unsettle)． ④The purpose of education is to develop(develop) a good personality in children. ⑤Journalists are to be(be) very enthusiastic, independent and good at communicating with people. 二、动词不定式与动词­ing形式、过去分词作表语的区别 1．一般情况下，区别不大，可通用。 As the old saying goes, “Seeing is believing.” ＝As the old saying goes，“To see is to believe.” 常言道，眼见为实。 2．动名词表示的动作较抽象或是习惯性的， 而不定式表示某一次具体的动作。 My job is teaching in a middle school. 我的工作是在中学教学。 My job is to teach you English this afternoon. 今天下午，我的工作是教你英语。 [即时演练2]　完成句子 ①我的爱好是在业余时间集邮。 My hobby is collecting stamps in my spare time. ②他的梦想是长大后当一名医生。 His dream is to be a doctor after he grows up. 三、主语带do，表语省略to的情况 当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的动词不定式可以省略to。 The first thing we can do is (to) reduce waste as possible as we can. 我们能做的第一件事是尽可能减少浪费。 What I'll do is (to) tell her the truth. 我要做的就是告诉她真相。 [即时演练3]　单句语法填空 ①My ambition is to work (work) in the computer industry when I grow up. ②What I want to do is work (work) in the computer industry when I grow up. ③The most important thing to do is conquer (conquer) yourself. ④The most difficult thing is to get (get) this company running smoothly. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[核心词汇·练透] criticise vi.& vt.批评；指责；评价 (1)criticise (...) for ...　因……批评(……) (2)criticism n. 批评；指责；评论 critical adj. 批评的；关键的；批判性的 critically adv. 关键地；批判性地 [经典佳句]　For a humble person, one of the hardest things might be to criticise other people. 对于一个谦虚的人来说，最难的事情之一就是批评别人。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Don't criticise others for their faults if you are not willing to admit your own. ②In art criticism (critic), you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work. ③这一决定受到环保组织的批评。 The decision was criticised by environmental groups.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [重点句型·通关] 教材原句：From this we can see that there were two clear themes apparent in his work throughout his career：colours and reflections in water. 从中我们可以看出，在他整个职业生涯中，有两个明显的主题：色彩和水中的倒影。 (1)there be句型的主谓一致遵循“就近一致”原则，即与离be动词最近的名词在形式上保持一致。 (2)There be ＋名词/代词＋非谓语动词。 (3)there be句型中的be可以用表示“存在”的动词，如live，exist，lie，stand，seem，rise，remain，happen，come，go等替代，句型结构为：There＋存在类动词＋主语。 [句式分析]　there be句型 [经典佳句]　There is a small river flowing through the farm.有一条小河流过农场。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In the newspaper of our school, there is (be) a column called “Foreign Cultures”． ②Hurry up, there is little time left (leave) for us to catch up with the last bus. ③有三个因素促成了我的建议。 There are three factors contributing to/leading to my suggestion. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．My suggestion is to carry (carry) out the plan immediately. 2．To be kind to the enemy is to be (be) cruel to the people. 3．We are to meet(meet) in Xi'an, the starting point of the Silk Road, on July 20. 4．Part of our job was to select (select) students who had volunteered to be subjects for our project. 5．The purpose of this meeting is to discuss (discuss) the new project. 6．What I want to do is (to) express (express) my thanks for you to offer me the job, which gives me a chance to develop myself. Ⅱ.语法填空[使用本单元所学语法知识(表语从句)翻译下面的语段] 1．My dream is to be an English teacher(我的梦想是成为一名英语老师)．To be an English teacher is challenging.First, what I should do 2.is to improve my spoken English(提高我的英语口语水平)．Then my plan 3.is to master enough vocabulary(掌握足够多的词汇)．Additionally, what I should do is to master the art of teaching.And 4.my goal is to be admitted into Beijing University(我的目标是被北京大学录取)．But my problem 5.is how to achieve my dream (如何实现我的梦想)right now. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $