UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版）

Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．She asked me whether the man was (be) a cheater. 2．Tom said that Mary would come (come) five days later. 3．The policeman asked him what he was doing (do) when the robber came in. 4．He applauded me, saying that I had done (do) something wonderful. 5．The teacher told us that the Earth travels (travel) around the sun. 6．He suggested we wait (wait) a while before we made the final decision. 7．He said after a short space of silence he would consider (consider) the problem again. 8．The teacher asked Tom why he (had) made (make) so many mistakes in his homework. 9．My mother told me that my classmate was waiting (wait) for me in the sitting room then. 10．Mr Smith said that China is (be) the biggest developing country in the world. 11．The student said that he had learnt (learn) about 5,000 English words by the end of last year. 12．He begged his mother to let (let) him stay up a little longer that night. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．妈妈问我是否能忍受那么恶劣的工作条件。 My mother asked me whether/if I could tolerate such bad working conditions. 2．这些举措旨在恢复公众对经济的信心。 These measures are intended to restore public confidence in the economy. 3．父亲让我在空闲时间研究生态学。 My father asked me to study ecology in my spare time. 4．地理老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。 The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 5．他告诉我自从他来到这里就一直教英语。 He told me that he had taught English since he came here. Ⅲ.句型转换 1．Mr Green asked, “Jack, have you passed the exam yesterday？” →Mr Green asked Jack whether/if he had passed the exam the day before. 2．“Let's take action to protect our planet，” the scientist said. →The scientist advised us to take action to protect our planet. 3．The old man said, “I like to talk with these young men.” →The old man said that he liked to talk with those young men. 4．“I've been cleaning up the house，” Bill's mother said. →Bill's mother said that she had been cleaning up the house. 5．“I'll come and see you again this evening, Tom，” he said. →He told Tom that he would go and see him again that evening. 6．“When is the examination going to be？” the student asked the teacher. →The student asked the teacher when the examination was going to be. Ⅳ.语法填空 Global warming could make humans shorter, warn scientists who are said 1. (find) evidence that it caused the world's first horses to shrink nearly 50 million years ago. In fact a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a link between the earth 2. (heat) up and the size of mammals—horses.The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution (进化) of horses from their earliest 3. (appear) 56 million years ago. “As temperatures went up,4. (they) size went down, and vice versa; at one point they were as small as a housecat，” said Dr.Jonathan Bloch, curator of the Florida Museum of Natural History.The scientists say that the current warming could have the same influence 5. mammals — and could even make humans 6. (small)． Horses 7. (start) out small, about the size of a small dog like a miniature schnauzer.8. is surprising is that after they first appeared, they then became even smaller and then 9. (drama) increased in size, and that exactly agrees with the global warming event.“It had been known that mammals were small when it was warm, 10. we hadn't understood that the temperature really was driving the evolution of body size，” Dr.Bloch said in the Science journal. [语篇解读]　说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，科学家们发现全球变暖可能影响哺乳动物体型大小，并特别以马的进化为例进行说明。 1．解析　to have found　考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家警告说，全球变暖可能会使人类变矮，据说他们已经找到证据表明，全球变暖导致了世界上第一批马在约5 000万年前缩小。非谓语担当主语补足语，构成句型：主语＋be＋ said＋ to do，意为“据说……”；由于发生在谓语动词之前，用不定式的完成式。故填to have found。 2．解析　heating　考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，佛罗里达大学和内布拉斯加州大学的一个研究小组表示，他们发现地球变暖与哺乳动物——马的大小之间的联系。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“the earth”和动词短语“heat up”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词形式。故填heating。 3．解析　appearance　考查名词。句意：科学家们利用化石追踪了马从5 600万年前最早出现的进化过程。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式作介词的宾语。故填appearance。 4．解析　their　考查代词。句意：“随着温度的升高，它们的大小就会下降，反之亦然；有一段时间，它们的大小就像家猫一样，”佛罗里达自然历史博物馆馆长乔纳森·布洛赫博士说。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词性物主代词，修饰空后的名词“size”。故填their。 5．解析　on　考查固定短语。句意：科学家们说，目前的变暖可能对哺乳动物产生同样的影响，甚至可能使人类变得更小。固定短语：the influence on，意为“对……的影响”，符合句意。故填on。 6．解析　smaller　考查形容词比较级。句意：科学家们说，目前的变暖可能对哺乳动物产生同样的影响，甚至可能使人类变得更小。根据上文“Global warming could make humans shorter”可知，本句指的是“使人类更矮小”，用形容词比较级作宾补。故填smaller。 7．解析　started　考查谓语动词。句意：马开始的时候很小，大约像一只小型犬，比如迷你雪纳瑞犬。这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填started。 8．解析　What　考查主语从句。句意：令人惊讶的是，在它们首次出现后，它们变得更小，然后体型急剧增加，这与全球变暖事件完全一致。这里为主语从句的引导词，分析句子成分可知，主语从句缺少主语，用what引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填What。 9．解析　dramatically　考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，在它们首次出现后，它们变得更小，然后体型急剧增加，这与全球变暖事件完全一致。修饰动词“increased”用副词形式，表示“急剧地”。故填dramatically。 10．解析　but　考查连词。句意：“我们知道，哺乳动物在温暖的时候体型很小，但我们还没有理解到温度真的在驱动体型大小的进化，”布洛赫博士在《科学》杂志上说。空前“It had been known that mammals were small when it was warm”和空后“we hadn't understood that the temperature really was driving the evolution of body size”之间存在转折关系，用连词but连接。故填but。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Mobile Bay in Alabama is home to a strange and unique occurrence.During the summer months, hundreds of fish and crustaceans (甲壳纲动物) from the deep waters of the bay move to the shallow waters.The free seafood is so plentiful and easy to catch with nets or bare hands that locals gather to fill their buckets with it.This natural phenomenon has existed for centuries. Sarah Van Winkle, a student at the Alabama School of Math & Science, is no stranger to the scene.Growing up there, the rich plants and animals never stop to amaze her. As the world's oceans face numerous issues such as pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction, she intended to figure out whether Mobile Bay was experiencing similar environmental threats in her most recent science project.Sarah studied the environment of Mobile Bay and she even extended the range of the research to the Mobile Tensaw­Delta, and the canals of a living district in Fairhope, Alabama.She analyzed key nutrient and metal levels in the ocean ecosystem. Through the project, Sarah found that turbidity, an important indicator of water quality, increased sharply.This result showed, clearly that the area is filled with tiny pieces of matter, making the water there quite opaque. For the project, Sarah was chosen as one of this year's 24 Society for Science & the Public Community Innovation Award winners.“To me, this honor symbolizes that the ten months of late night readings, weekend field trips, and after­school sessions in the laboratory have truly come to fruition and impacted lives，” Sarah noted. “Our local ocean ecosystem is in danger of chemical pollution from a variety of sources，” Sarah explained in an interview.“The bay plays a vital role in our community and every local should value what the bay offers.It's our responsibility to work together to preserve it.” [语篇解读]　说明文。文章主要说明了阿拉巴马州数学与科学学院的学生萨拉·凡·温克尔因为保护海洋环境被选为今年24个科学与公共社区创新奖得主之一。 1．What's the unusual scene in Mobile Bay in summer months? A．The water's becoming shallow and clear. B．The decline of the natural environment. C．The flood of seafood into shallow waters. D．The locals' growing interest in fishing with buckets. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段“Mobile Bay in Alabama is home to a strange and unique occurrence.During the summer months, hundreds of fish and crustaceans (甲壳纲动物) from the deep waters of the bay move to the shallow waters.”可知，夏季莫比尔湾不寻常的景色使海产品涌入浅水区。故选C。 2．What does the underlined word “opaque” mean in paragraph 4? A．Fresh.　　　　 B．Cloudy. C．Clear. D．Shallow. 解析　B　词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Through the project, Sarah found that turbidity, an important indicator of water quality, increased sharply.”以及“the area is filled with tiny pieces of matter, making the water there quite”可知，结果清楚地表明，这个区域充满了微小的物质，使得那里的水相当不新鲜。故画线词意思是“浑浊的”。故选B。 3．What can we learn from Sarah's winning an award? A．Hard work pays off. B．Time waits for no man. C．Practice makes perfect. D．Failure is the mother of success. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘To me, this honor symbolizes that the ten months of late night readings, weekend field trips, and after­school sessions in the laboratory have truly come to fruition and impacted lives，’ Sarah noted.”可知，萨拉获奖告诉我们努力有回报。故选A。 4．What does Sarah mainly stress in the interview? A．The focus of her future work. B．Her concern for the local people. C．The complexity of the local ocean system. D．Her expectation of protecting the bay. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据最后一段“The bay plays a vital role in our community and every local should value what the bay offers.It's our responsibility to work together to preserve it.”可知，萨拉在采访中主要强调了她对保护海湾的期望。故选D。 B A new study warns that more than a fifth of all reptile (爬行动物) species are threatened with extinction, which may have a bad impact on the planet. The largest ever analysis of the state of the world's reptiles, published in Nature, has showed that 21% of the reptile species are facing extinction.The study says from lizards to snakes, such a loss could have disastrous impacts on ecosystems around the world. Although many reptiles live in dry environments such as deserts, most species occur in forests, where they suffer from threats such as logging of land for agriculture.30% of the forest­dwelling reptiles are at risk of extinction, compared with 14% in dry habitats.Hunting is also a major threat to reptiles, especially turtles and crocodiles, many of which are at risk of extinction.Another major contributing factor is the introduction of invasive species. “If we removed reptiles, it could change ecosystems fundamentally, with unfortunate knock­on effects, such as increases in pest insects，” said Neil Cox, co­leader of the study.“Biodiversity, including reptiles, supports the ecosystem services that provide a healthy environment for people.” Our hope is that this first­ever assessment of the world's 10,000­plus reptiles helps put them in the spotlight and goes some way to highlighting this diversity, and just how much we have to lose.As well as controlling rats, mosquitoes and other pests, reptiles deliver many other benefits.“They help spread seeds, especially in island environments，” said researcher Hoffmann.“We've also achieved many medical advances from studies of reptiles.” The results of the study are not all doom and gloom.Scientists have found, surprisingly, that if they set out to protect places where threatened birds, mammals and amphibians (两栖动物) live together, they'll meanwhile protect many more threatened reptiles. [语篇解读]　说明文。一项新的研究警告说，超过五分之一的爬行动物物种面临灭绝的威胁，这可能对地球产生不良影响。文章介绍了导致爬行动物灭绝的因素以及爬行动物的益处。 5．Which is the main concern raised by the new study? A．The overpopulation of reptiles. B．The loss of reptiles. C．The sharp increase in reptile species. D．The disastrous influence of reptiles on nature. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study warns that more than a fifth of all reptile (爬行动物) species are threatened with extinction, which may have a bad impact on the planet.”可知，这项新研究提出的主要担忧是爬虫类动物的消失。故选B。 6．How many factors causing the extinction of species are mentioned in paragraph 3? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 解析　C　细节理解题。通读第三段可知，第三段提到了三个导致物种灭绝的因素。故选C。 7．What did Neil Cox and Hoffmann both say about reptiles? A．Their benefits. B．Their habitats. C．Their living habits. D．Their health problems. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Biodiversity, including reptiles, supports the ecosystem services that provide a healthy environment for people.”以及倒数第二段“They help spread seeds, especially in island environments”可知，尼尔·考克斯和霍夫曼提到了爬行动物的益处。故选A。 8．What does the underlined phrase “doom and gloom” in the last paragraph mean? A．Disappointing. B．Odd. C．Satisfactory. D．Amazing. 解析　A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Scientists have found, surprisingly, that if they set out to protect places where threatened birds, mammals and amphibians (两栖动物) live together, they'll meanwhile protect many more threatened reptiles.”可知，后文提到了更多受威胁的爬行动物会受到保护，说明这项研究的结果并不都是令人失望的。故画线词意思是“令人失望的”。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 Young Alison Teal never rode in a pushchair or played on a swing on the playground. 1 She saw the view from atop a peak in Peru at just two months old on her mom's back.They traveled the globe staying not at five­star hotels but in a six­foot­wide tent.From mountaintops to jungles, they immersed (沉浸) themselves in local nature and culture. Between journeys they would return home to a quiet part of the Big Island of Hawaii.Her front yard was the ocean, and her friends were dolphins. 2 Alison would dive into the water and release a sea leaf.A dolphin would catch it on its nose and throw it to the next player.Over the years, the dolphins grew to trust Alison. 3 She let them take the lead in their interactions. After studying at the University of California, Berkeley and then graduating from a film school, Alison continued her world travels.Her adventurous experience and survival skills landed her a spot on the reality show(真人秀)Naked and Afraid, in which she and a co­contestant had to live on a deserted island for 21 days.Alison's deep knowledge of how to live in a wildness saved the pair. 4 “After that, I couldn't ignore our plastic problem，” says Alison.“I decided to protect our greatest resource, the ocean.” Along with sharing her mission with her social media followers, the conservationist gave a TED talk on her discoveries. 5 Besides, she helped ban plastic bags in California.Her book, Alison's Adventures: Your Passport to the World, is filled with travel tales and environment lessons.Alison believes all of us can make changes to protect the Earth. A．How did Alison become a filmmaker? B．What was their way of playing catch? C．She launched a line of recycled surfboards. D．At an early age, she began exploring the world. E．Therefore, they approached her whenever she was in the water. F．She was mostly home­schooled as the family traveled the globe. G．But what shocked her was the amount of rubbish that washed up on the shore. [语篇解读]　记叙文。文章讲述了Alison Teal从小跟随父母周游世界， 当她发现海洋污染这一问题后， 决定投身于环保事业的故事。 1．解析　D　由后文可知，Alison Teal很小的时候就跟着父母旅行，D项“At an early age, she began exploring the world.” 符合语境。其中At an early age与后文的at just two months old相呼应。故选D。 2．解析　B　由后文可知，这里在描述Alison怎么和海豚玩，B项“What was their way of playing catch？” 符合语境，其中catch与后文对应，且本句有启下作用。故选B。 3．解析　E　由前文可知，海豚开始信任Alison。E项“Therefore, they approached her whenever she was in the water.” 符合语境，其中they指代前文的the dolphins，前后这两句也有因果关系。故选E。 4．解析　G　结合上下文可知，真人秀节目使她把目标转向了环保，G项“But what shocked her was the amount of rubbish that washed up on the shore.” 符合语境。其中the amount of rubbish that washed up on the shore和后文protect our greatest resource, the ocean对应。故选G。 5．解析　C　这里主要讲她为环保做出了努力。而C项“She launched a line of recycled surfboards.” 也是讲述她为环保所做的努力，符合语境。故选C。 Ⅲ.语法填空 June 8 1. (name) officially by the UN in 2009 as World Ocean Day.It's a day to stress the importance of ocean 2. remind people to protect it. It is generally acknowledged that ocean plays an important role in many aspects.First of all, with rich biological resources, ocean 3. (provide) samples for biological science research in terms of the 4. (diverse) of global biological resources.Second, its abundant food resources and energy in the ocean make it possible for living things 5. (survive)．Equally importantly, the abundant water resources in the ocean bear the operation of the global water circulation system, 6. affects or even determines the global climate change.So many benefits does ocean bring to human beings 7. great importance can't be attached enough to protecting it. Of course, it's everybody's duty to shoulder this responsibility.For one thing, it's a good idea to 8. (wide) study knowledge concerning ocean and think of effective approaches 9. protecting it.For another, let's stop our bad behaviors which may indirectly pollute ocean.Small things make a big difference.Actions speak 10. (loud) than words.I believe, with our joint efforts, a truly green will always surround us. [语篇解读]　说明文。文章介绍了世界海洋日的确立和海洋的重要性以及我们应该怎样保护海洋。 1．解析　was named　考查时态和语态。句子主语和谓语动词name之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态；且时间状语是in 2009，句子应该用一般过去时。故填was named。 2．解析　and　考查连词。空格后的动词remind和上文的动词stress是并列关系，结合句意可知此处应填并列连词and。故填and。 3．解析　provides　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，根据上下文的时态，此处应用一般现在时；且主语是ocean，故应用第三人称单数形式。故填provides。 4．解析　diversity　考查名词。根据结构“the of”可知，此处应该填名词。diverse 为形容词，其名词形式为diversity。the diversity of global biological resources意为“全球生物资源的多样性”，故填diversity。 5．解析　to survive　考查不定式。固定用法：make＋it＋adj.＋for sb to do sth，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。故填to survive。 6．解析　which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为一个非限制性定语从句，该定语从句缺少主语，修饰先行词the global water circulation system，关系词在从句中作主语。故填关系代词which。 7．解析　that　考查固定句型。结合句意可知，此处考查固定句型：so...that...(如此……以至于……)。故填that。 8．解析　widely　考查副词。此处应填副词修饰后面的动词study。故填widely。 9．解析　to　考查介词。此处考查approach to...“……的方法”。故填to。 10．解析　louder　考查比较级。根据空格后的than可知，空格处应该填入loud的比较级。故填louder。 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $