Unit1 Art（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语Unit1 Art知识清单系统整合了艺术主题的核心词汇、短语、句型、语法及写作模块，涵盖抽象艺术、艺术流派等主题相关词汇，构建从基础词汇积累到语法应用再到写作实践的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“熟词生义对比”“句型功能分类”“语法规律精讲”构建知识体系，如将“subject”的“题材”生义与常见义对比，培养语言能力；语法部分设“易错警示”区分不定式与现在分词作表语，提升思维品质。设计“经典练习”和写作“5W1H”要素提示，助力学生自主学习，教师可据此优化教学环节。

Unit1 Art 单词 abstract adj. 抽象的 portrait n. 肖像；画像 landscape n. 风景；风景画 sculpture n. 雕塑 gallery n. 画廊；美术馆 exhibition n. 展览；展览会 masterpiece n. 杰作 technique n. 技巧；技术 style n. 风格 impressionism n. 印象派 realism n. 现实主义 classical adj. 古典的 contemporary adj. 当代的 creative adj. 有创造力的 imagination n. 想象力 inspiration n. 灵感 emotion n. 情感；情绪 express vt. 表达 reflect vt. 反映；反射 appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激 短语 put on 上演；举办 on display 陈列；展览 come into being 形成；产生 date back to 追溯到 give birth to 产生；造成 be known for 以……闻名 be regarded as 被认为是 be influenced by 受……影响 in terms of 就……而言；在……方面 to some extent 在某种程度上 熟词生义 subject n. 主题；学科；主语 (常义) n. (绘画、摄影的) 题材；对象 (生义) medium n. 媒介；手段 (常义) n. (艺术的) 表现手段；材料 (如油画、水彩) (生义) relief n. (焦虑等的) 减轻；宽慰 (常义) n. 浮雕 (生义) composition n. 成分；构成 (常义) n. (绘画、摄影的) 构图；作曲 (生义) 句型 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that... (强调句型) It was during the Renaissance that the use of perspective was mastered. ..., which... (非限制性定语从句) The museum houses many modern artworks, which often challenge traditional ideas. Now that... (既然……引导原因状语从句) Now that you understand the basic techniques, you can begin to develop your own style. Not until... did... (倒装句型) Not until the 19th century did artists commonly paint outdoors. There is no doubt that... (毫无疑问……) There is no doubt that art plays a vital role in cultural exchange. 语法 不定式做表语 一、词汇清单 知识点1 abstract adj. 抽象的；n. 摘要 教材原句 Modern art often features abstract forms that challenge viewers to find their own meaning. 现代艺术常常以抽象的形式为特色，挑战观众去寻找自己的理解。 [拓展] (1) abstraction n. 抽象；抽象概念 (2) abstract art/concept 抽象艺术/概念 (3) in the abstract 抽象地；理论上 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① Her early paintings were realistic, but she later moved towards more __________ (abstract) forms. ② It's hard to discuss such a complex idea __________ the abstract; we need specific examples. ③ The __________ (abstract) of the research paper clearly summarizes its main findings. 知识点2 portrait n. 肖像；画像 教材原句 The artist spent months completing the royal portrait, capturing every detail of the subject's expression. 艺术家花了数月时间完成这幅王室肖像，捕捉了人物表情的每一个细节。 [拓展] (1) portraitist n. 肖像画家 (2) paint/sit for a portrait 画肖像/当模特 (3) a portrait gallery 肖像画廊 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① Rembrandt is celebrated for his deeply psychological __________ (portrait) of ordinary people. ② She earned her living as a __________ (portrait), specializing in children's portraits. ③ The family __________ (portrait) hangs above the fireplace in the living room. 知识点3 sculpture n. 雕塑；雕像 教材原句 The marble sculpture in the town square has become a beloved local landmark. 城镇广场上的大理石雕塑已成为深受喜爱的当地地标。 [拓展] (1) sculptor n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 (2) sculptural adj. 雕塑的；雕刻的 (3) a bronze/wooden sculpture 青铜/木雕 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① Michelangelo was not only a painter but also a brilliant __________ (sculpture). ② The __________ (sculpture) qualities of the building's facade are remarkable. ③ The museum has an entire wing dedicated to modern __________ (sculpture). 知识点4 gallery n. 画廊；美术馆 教材原句 We spent the afternoon wandering through the national gallery, admiring works from different centuries. 我们花了一下午在国家美术馆里漫步，欣赏着不同世纪的作品。 [拓展] (1) art gallery 美术馆 (2) picture gallery 绘画陈列馆 (3) a gallery of portraits 肖像画廊 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The new exhibition at the Tate Modern __________ (gallery) has attracted huge crowds. ② He donated his private collection to the public __________ (gallery). ③ The upstairs __________ (gallery) offers a fantastic view of the main hall. 知识点5 exhibition n. 展览；展览会 教材原句 The school is holding an exhibition of student artwork at the end of the term. 学校将在学期末举办一场学生艺术作品展。 [拓展] (1) exhibit v. 展出；展览 n. 展品 (2) on exhibition/exhibit 在展出中 (3) hold/put on an exhibition 举办展览 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① Several of her paintings will be __________ (exhibition) at the international art fair. ② The most striking __________ (exhibit) in the show was a massive interactive installation. ③ The museum has extended the __________ (exhibition) due to popular demand. 知识点6 masterpiece n. 杰作 教材原句 Many consider The Starry Night to be Van Gogh's true masterpiece. 许多人认为《星月夜》是梵高真正的杰作。 [拓展] (1) a literary/artistic masterpiece 文学/艺术杰作 (2) create/produce a masterpiece 创作杰作 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The novel is widely regarded as a __________ (masterpiece) of 20th-century literature. ② The young composer amazed everyone by producing such a complex __________ (masterpiece) at his age. ③ It took the artist over four years to complete this __________ (masterpiece). 知识点7 technique n. 技巧；技术 教材原句 Through years of practice, she mastered the delicate technique of watercolor painting. 经过多年的练习，她掌握了水彩画细腻的技巧。 [拓展] (1) technical adj. 技术的；工艺的 (2) a revolutionary/new technique 革命性的/新技术 (3) painting/sculpting technique 绘画/雕塑技巧 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The __________ (technique) aspects of the restoration process are highly complex. ② Impressionist painters developed a __________ (technique) of using short, thick brushstrokes. ③ Modern artists often combine traditional __________ (technique) with digital media. 知识点8 contemporary adj. 当代的；n. 同代人 教材原句 The museum has an excellent collection of both classical and contemporary art. 该博物馆收藏了优秀的古典和当代艺术作品。 [拓展] (1) contemporary art/music/literature 当代艺术/音乐/文学 (2) a contemporary of Shakespeare 莎士比亚的同代人 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① As a __________ (contemporary) of Picasso, she witnessed the birth of Cubism firsthand. ② The __________ (contemporary) art scene in Berlin is incredibly vibrant and diverse. ③ This medieval poet was far ahead of his __________ (contemporary) in his use of language. 知识点9 inspiration n. 灵感 教材原句 The natural beauty of the coastal landscape served as the main inspiration for his paintings. 海岸景观的自然美是他绘画的主要灵感来源。 [拓展] (1) inspire v. 激发；启示 (2) inspirational adj. 启发灵感的 (3) draw/find inspiration from... 从……汲取灵感 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The teacher's passion was truly __________ (inspiration) to all his students. ② She __________ (inspiration) a whole generation of young female artists. ③ Many designers __________ (inspiration) from traditional folk patterns. 知识点10 appreciate vt. 欣赏；理解；感激 教材原句 To fully appreciate a work of art, one needs to understand the historical context in which it was created. 要充分欣赏一件艺术作品，需要理解其创作的历史背景。 [拓展] (1) appreciation n. 欣赏；感谢 (2) appreciative adj. 欣赏的；感激的 (3) art appreciation 艺术鉴赏 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① I would __________ (appreciate) it if you could arrive a little earlier. ② The course aims to develop students' __________ (appreciate) of classical music. ③ The audience was very __________ (appreciate) of the performers' efforts. 三、熟词生义 subject n. 主题；学科；主语（常见义） n. (绘画、摄影的) 题材；对象（生义） [经典练习] 用 subject 的适当形式填空。 1.The __________ of his doctoral thesis is 19th-century French literature. 2.For this painting, the artist chose a simple still life as his __________. medium n. 媒介；手段（常见义） n. (艺术的) 表现手段；材料（如油画、水彩）（生义） [经典练习] 用 medium 的适当形式填空。 1.Social media has become an important __________ for sharing news and ideas. 2.While she has experimented with various __________, she feels most comfortable working with oils. relief n. (焦虑等的) 减轻；宽慰（常见义） n. 浮雕（生义） [经典练习] 用 relief 的适当形式填空。 1.It was a great __________ to hear that everyone was safe after the earthquake. 2.The stone doorway was decorated with intricate carvings in high __________. composition n. 成分；构成（常见义） n. (绘画、摄影的) 构图；作曲（生义） [经典练习] 用 composition 的适当形式填空。 1.The chemical __________ of the soil affects what plants can grow there. 2.The photographer spent a long time arranging the elements to achieve the perfect __________. 四、句型清单 “疑问词 + 不定式”结构作宾语 现在分词（短语）作结果状语 “It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.”句型 “not… but…” 连接并列成分 “so + adj. + that…” 引导结果状语从句 “even if/though” 引导让步状语从句 “the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构 【经典练习】 1.(疑问词+不定式作宾语) The workshop will teach participants _________ different painting mediums effectively. (use) 答案：how to use 2. (现在分词作结果状语) The artist mixed traditional techniques with digital media, _________ a stunningly innovative series. (create) 3. (It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.) _________ art students _________ the historical context of the works they study. (crucial, understand) 4. (not… but…) For many modern artists, the goal is _________ realistic representation _________ the exploration of form and color itself. (not, but) 5. (so… that…) The sculpture’s design was _________ that it sparked widespread public debate when it was first unveiled. (controversial) 6. (even if/though) _________ an artwork is centuries old, it can still feel remarkably relevant to contemporary audiences. (even though) 7. (the + 比较级，the + 比较级) Often, _________ an artwork is, _________ it engages the viewer’s imagination. (abstract, much) 五、语法清单 动词不定式作表语 【感知·语法规律】 观察以下句子，注意动词不定式（to do）在句中作表语的用法： The aim of abstract art is to evoke emotion rather than depict reality. （抽象艺术的目的在于唤起情感，而非描绘现实。） （动词不定式短语"to evoke emotion..."位于系动词is后，说明主语"aim"的内容，作表语。） His ambition as a young painter was to develop a completely new style. （他作为年轻画家的雄心是开创一种全新的风格。） （动词不定式短语"to develop a completely new style"位于系动词was后，说明主语"ambition"的内容，作表语。） The most difficult part of the process is to know when the artwork is finished. （创作过程中最困难的部分在于知道一件作品何时才算完成。） （动词不定式短语"to know..."位于系动词is后，说明主语"part"的内容，作表语。） To see is to believe, especially in the realm of visual art. （眼见为实，尤其是在视觉艺术领域。） （动词不定式"to believe"位于系动词is后，与主语"To see"形成对等关系，作表语。） 【精讲·语法知识】 动词不定式（to do）可放在系动词（如be, seem, appear等）后作表语，用来说明主语的具体内容、目的或预定要发生的事情，尤其在主语为抽象名词时常见。 1. 基本用法与特点 说明主语内容：当句子的主语是表达目标、目的、愿望、计划、职责等抽象概念的词（如aim, goal, purpose, wish, dream, plan, duty, task, function等）时，常用不定式作表语，具体说明该内容是什么。 The function of this sculpture is to challenge viewers' perceptions of space. （这座雕塑的功能是挑战观者对空间的感知。） Our task today is to analyze the use of color in Impressionist paintings. （我们今天的任务是分析印象派绘画中色彩的运用。） 主表对等关系：当主语本身也是不定式短语或含有实义动词的抽象概念时，表语的不定式常与主语形成对等关系，解释“做某事就是……”或“……在于……”。 To preserve these frescoes is to protect a piece of human history. （保护这些壁画就是保护一段人类历史。） The key to understanding his later work is to study the personal crises he experienced. （理解他后期作品的关键在于研究他所经历的个人危机。） 表示预定或可能发生的事：在正式语境中，用不定式作表语可表示按计划、安排或注定要发生的事情。 The next exhibition is to feature emerging Asian artists. （下一场展览将展出新兴的亚洲艺术家作品。） This unfinished symphony was never to be completed by the composer. （这部未完成的交响曲注定无法由这位作曲家完成。） 2. 常用结构 主语（抽象名词）+ be + 不定式（短语） The purpose of art criticism is not to judge but to understand. （艺术评论的目的不是评判，而是理解。） 主语（不定式/动名词）+ be + 不定式（短语） Learning to draw is to learn to see. （学习绘画就是学习观察。） The only / best / next thing + be + 不定式（短语） The best thing an artist can do sometimes is to walk away from the canvas and return with fresh eyes. （有时艺术家能做的最好的事情就是离开画布，然后用新鲜的眼光回来审视。） 【易错警示】 不定式作表语 vs. 现在分词作表语：be动词后接现在分词（-ing）构成进行时态或表示主语的特征；接不定式则主要说明主语的内容或未来动作。 His job is teaching art history. （他的工作是教艺术史。——teaching 为动名词，说明职业内容，可与不定式互换，但更强调职业性质） His job today is to prepare the gallery for the new exhibition. （他今天的工作是为新展览布置画廊。——不定式表示一次性的具体任务） The result is encouraging. （结果是令人鼓舞的。——现在分词作形容词，描述主语特征，不能用不定式替换） 不定式符号"to"的省略：在口语或某些固定结构中，作表语的不定式在系动词后有时可省略"to"，但多数情况下需保留。在正式写作中建议保留。 All I did was (to) give him some technical advice. （我所做的只是给了他一些技术建议。——在"All...did was..."或"What...do/did was..."句型中，不定式符号to可省略） The plan is to start the restoration next month. （计划是下个月开始修复。——通常需带to） 时态与语态：需根据句意使用不定式的一般式、完成式、进行式或被动式。 This painting appears to have been influenced by Japanese woodblock prints. （这幅画似乎受到了日本浮世绘的影响。——完成式，表示影响发生在“显得”之前） The mural is said to be being restored by a team of experts. （据说这幅壁画正由一个专家团队修复。——进行式的被动语态） 【经典练习】 单句语法填空 1.The primary goal of the art foundation is __________ (support) young, experimental artists. 2.For a portrait artist, the greatest challenge often seems __________ (capture) not just a likeness, but the subject‘s inner spirit. 3.His lifelong dream was __________ (have) his sculptures displayed in a major international museum. 4.The function of these ancient cave paintings might __________ (be) ritualistic rather than purely decorative. 5.The only way __________ (truly appreciate) this minimalist installation is __________ (experience) it in person within the quiet gallery space. 6.Her duty as the curator was __________ (ensure) that all the artworks __________ (transport) safely to the exhibition venue. 7.What the critic did was __________ (point out) how the painter‘s use of light __________ (evolve) over his career. 六、写作清单 Write a Notice 【点拨·写作技巧】 一份通知旨在清晰、准确、正式地向特定群体传递信息、安排活动或宣布决定。其核心是信息传达的有效性和权威性，需要做到内容完整、格式规范、语言精练。 明确通知要素：确保通知包含所有必要信息：标题、发文对象、正文（事由、具体事项、要求）、落款（发布单位、日期）。对于活动类通知，必须明确交代 “5W1H” (Who, What, When, Where, Why, How)。 结构严谨，层次清晰： 标题：居中写明NOTIC 称呼：顶格写清通知对象，如“To All Students of Grade 11,” 或 “To whom it may concern,”。 正文： 开头段：直截了当说明通知的目的或背景。 主体段：分点或分段详细说明具体安排、要求、步骤或注意事项。逻辑顺序要清晰。 信息强调段：单独列出最关键的信息（如时间、地点），确保一目了然。 结尾与落款：使用礼貌性结束语（如“For further information, please contact...”），并在右下角写明发布单位（部门）和日期。 语言正式、客观、简洁：使用正式、书面的语言，避免口语化表达。多使用被动语态（如“All participants are required to...”）、祈使句和固定句型（如“This is to inform you that...”）。时态以一般现在时和将来时为主。 格式规范：注意分段、项目符号的使用，使版面整洁，重点突出。 【积累·写作素材】 标题与开头 NOTICE Notice: School Art Club – Call for Submissions This is to inform all members of the Art Society that... The Art Department wishes to announce that... 阐述事由与安排 说明目的与安排： .The purpose of this notice is to inform you of the upcoming workshop on traditional Chinese painting techniques. 列出具体要求与步骤： All interested students are required to sign up with their class teacher by [Date]. Participants should gather at the school gate no later than [Time] on [Date]. Please note that photography without flash is permitted, but touching the exhibits is strictly forbidden. 提供具体信息（常单独列出）： Event: Guided Tour of the “Modern Masters” Exhibition Date & Time: Friday, 15th March 2024, 9:00 AM – 12:30 PM Venue: City Art Museum, 123 Art Street Transportation: School buses will be provided. Attire: School uniform is mandatory. For any queries, please do not hesitate to contact Ms. [Teacher‘s Name] at the Art Office (Room 305). Your punctuality and cooperation are highly appreciated. We look forward to your active participation. 【示例·分步写作】 主题： Write a notice informing students about an organized visit to a local art museum. 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 通知 (Notice) 发文对象 高二年级全体学生 (Students of Senior 2) 发文单位 学校艺术组 (The School Art Department) 核心目的 通知学生参观美术馆的具体安排与要求。 人称与语气 正式、客观、带有轻微强制性（如“are required to”）。以校方口吻书写。 结构框架 标题： NOTICE 称呼： To All Students of Senior 2, 正文第一段： 说明参观目的与展览名称。 正文第二段： 详列活动安排、集合信息、行为规范。 信息要点： 用分点形式清晰呈现时间、地点等核心信息。 结尾： 提供咨询方式，表达期待。 落款： 部门与日期。 语言风格 正式、简洁、信息密集，使用被动语态和祈使句。 第二步：要点翻译 为拓宽我们的艺术视野，学校艺术组组织了参观市美术馆的活动。(broaden one‘s horizon, organize) 基础句： To broaden our artistic horizons, the School Art Department has organized a visit to the City Art Museum. 我们将参观名为“印象派之光”的特展。(visit, special exhibition) 基础句： We will visit a special exhibition named “Light of Impressionism”. 所有参与者必须在本周五前向艺术老师报名。(participant, required, sign up) 基础句： All participants are required to sign up with their art teacher by this Friday. 请注意，在美术馆内必须保持安静，且不得触摸展品。(Please note that, keep quiet, touch) 基础句： Please note that you must keep quiet inside the museum and must not touch the exhibits. 第三步：词句升级 用一个更正式、全面的开头句整合句1和句2，说明目的： 升级句： This is to inform you that the School Art Department has arranged an educational visit to the City Art Museum with the aim of broadening our artistic horizons and appreciating the masterpieces of the “Light of Impressionism” exhibition. 将句3升级为更清晰的要求，并增加细节： 升级句： All interested students are required to register with their respective art teachers no later than 5:00 PM this Friday (March 8th). 将句4扩展为更正式的行为规范说明： 升级句： Please be reminded that all students are expected to maintain a quiet and respectful demeanor within the museum galleries. Touching any artwork or display case is strictly prohibited. 增加关于行程、着装和安全的要点，使通知更完整： 升级句： School buses will depart from the main gate at 8:30 AM sharp and return by 12:30 PM. Full school uniform is mandatory for all attendees. 第四步：连句成篇 NOTICE 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit1 Art 单词 abstract adj. 抽象的 portrait n. 肖像；画像 landscape n. 风景；风景画 sculpture n. 雕塑 gallery n. 画廊；美术馆 exhibition n. 展览；展览会 masterpiece n. 杰作 technique n. 技巧；技术 style n. 风格 impressionism n. 印象派 realism n. 现实主义 classical adj. 古典的 contemporary adj. 当代的 creative adj. 有创造力的 imagination n. 想象力 inspiration n. 灵感 emotion n. 情感；情绪 express vt. 表达 reflect vt. 反映；反射 appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激 短语 put on 上演；举办 on display 陈列；展览 come into being 形成；产生 date back to 追溯到 give birth to 产生；造成 be known for 以……闻名 be regarded as 被认为是 be influenced by 受……影响 in terms of 就……而言；在……方面 to some extent 在某种程度上 熟词生义 subject n. 主题；学科；主语 (常义) n. (绘画、摄影的) 题材；对象 (生义) medium n. 媒介；手段 (常义) n. (艺术的) 表现手段；材料 (如油画、水彩) (生义) relief n. (焦虑等的) 减轻；宽慰 (常义) n. 浮雕 (生义) composition n. 成分；构成 (常义) n. (绘画、摄影的) 构图；作曲 (生义) 句型 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that... (强调句型) It was during the Renaissance that the use of perspective was mastered. ..., which... (非限制性定语从句) The museum houses many modern artworks, which often challenge traditional ideas. Now that... (既然……引导原因状语从句) Now that you understand the basic techniques, you can begin to develop your own style. Not until... did... (倒装句型) Not until the 19th century did artists commonly paint outdoors. There is no doubt that... (毫无疑问……) There is no doubt that art plays a vital role in cultural exchange. 语法 不定式做表语 一、词汇清单 知识点1 abstract adj. 抽象的；n. 摘要 教材原句 Modern art often features abstract forms that challenge viewers to find their own meaning. 现代艺术常常以抽象的形式为特色，挑战观众去寻找自己的理解。 [拓展] (1) abstraction n. 抽象；抽象概念 (2) abstract art/concept 抽象艺术/概念 (3) in the abstract 抽象地；理论上 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① Her early paintings were realistic, but she later moved towards more __________ (abstract) forms. ② It's hard to discuss such a complex idea __________ the abstract; we need specific examples. ③ The __________ (abstract) of the research paper clearly summarizes its main findings. 答案：① abstract ② in ③ abstract 知识点2 portrait n. 肖像；画像 教材原句 The artist spent months completing the royal portrait, capturing every detail of the subject's expression. 艺术家花了数月时间完成这幅王室肖像，捕捉了人物表情的每一个细节。 [拓展] (1) portraitist n. 肖像画家 (2) paint/sit for a portrait 画肖像/当模特 (3) a portrait gallery 肖像画廊 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① Rembrandt is celebrated for his deeply psychological __________ (portrait) of ordinary people. ② She earned her living as a __________ (portrait), specializing in children's portraits. ③ The family __________ (portrait) hangs above the fireplace in the living room. 答案：① portraits ② portraitist ③ portrait 知识点3 sculpture n. 雕塑；雕像 教材原句 The marble sculpture in the town square has become a beloved local landmark. 城镇广场上的大理石雕塑已成为深受喜爱的当地地标。 [拓展] (1) sculptor n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 (2) sculptural adj. 雕塑的；雕刻的 (3) a bronze/wooden sculpture 青铜/木雕 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① Michelangelo was not only a painter but also a brilliant __________ (sculpture). ② The __________ (sculpture) qualities of the building's facade are remarkable. ③ The museum has an entire wing dedicated to modern __________ (sculpture). 答案：① sculptor ② sculptural ③ sculpture 知识点4 gallery n. 画廊；美术馆 教材原句 We spent the afternoon wandering through the national gallery, admiring works from different centuries. 我们花了一下午在国家美术馆里漫步，欣赏着不同世纪的作品。 [拓展] (1) art gallery 美术馆 (2) picture gallery 绘画陈列馆 (3) a gallery of portraits 肖像画廊 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The new exhibition at the Tate Modern __________ (gallery) has attracted huge crowds. ② He donated his private collection to the public __________ (gallery). ③ The upstairs __________ (gallery) offers a fantastic view of the main hall. 答案：① gallery ② gallery ③ gallery 知识点5 exhibition n. 展览；展览会 教材原句 The school is holding an exhibition of student artwork at the end of the term. 学校将在学期末举办一场学生艺术作品展。 [拓展] (1) exhibit v. 展出；展览 n. 展品 (2) on exhibition/exhibit 在展出中 (3) hold/put on an exhibition 举办展览 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① Several of her paintings will be __________ (exhibition) at the international art fair. ② The most striking __________ (exhibit) in the show was a massive interactive installation. ③ The museum has extended the __________ (exhibition) due to popular demand. 答案：① exhibited ② exhibit ③ exhibition 知识点6 masterpiece n. 杰作 教材原句 Many consider The Starry Night to be Van Gogh's true masterpiece. 许多人认为《星月夜》是梵高真正的杰作。 [拓展] (1) a literary/artistic masterpiece 文学/艺术杰作 (2) create/produce a masterpiece 创作杰作 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The novel is widely regarded as a __________ (masterpiece) of 20th-century literature. ② The young composer amazed everyone by producing such a complex __________ (masterpiece) at his age. ③ It took the artist over four years to complete this __________ (masterpiece). 答案：① masterpiece ② masterpiece ③ masterpiece 知识点7 technique n. 技巧；技术 教材原句 Through years of practice, she mastered the delicate technique of watercolor painting. 经过多年的练习，她掌握了水彩画细腻的技巧。 [拓展] (1) technical adj. 技术的；工艺的 (2) a revolutionary/new technique 革命性的/新技术 (3) painting/sculpting technique 绘画/雕塑技巧 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The __________ (technique) aspects of the restoration process are highly complex. ② Impressionist painters developed a __________ (technique) of using short, thick brushstrokes. ③ Modern artists often combine traditional __________ (technique) with digital media. 答案：① technical ② technique ③ techniques 知识点8 contemporary adj. 当代的；n. 同代人 教材原句 The museum has an excellent collection of both classical and contemporary art. 该博物馆收藏了优秀的古典和当代艺术作品。 [拓展] (1) contemporary art/music/literature 当代艺术/音乐/文学 (2) a contemporary of Shakespeare 莎士比亚的同代人 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① As a __________ (contemporary) of Picasso, she witnessed the birth of Cubism firsthand. ② The __________ (contemporary) art scene in Berlin is incredibly vibrant and diverse. ③ This medieval poet was far ahead of his __________ (contemporary) in his use of language. 答案：① contemporary ② contemporary ③ contemporaries 知识点9 inspiration n. 灵感 教材原句 The natural beauty of the coastal landscape served as the main inspiration for his paintings. 海岸景观的自然美是他绘画的主要灵感来源。 [拓展] (1) inspire v. 激发；启示 (2) inspirational adj. 启发灵感的 (3) draw/find inspiration from... 从……汲取灵感 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The teacher's passion was truly __________ (inspiration) to all his students. ② She __________ (inspiration) a whole generation of young female artists. ③ Many designers __________ (inspiration) from traditional folk patterns. 答案：① inspirational ② inspired ③ draw/find inspiration 知识点10 appreciate vt. 欣赏；理解；感激 教材原句 To fully appreciate a work of art, one needs to understand the historical context in which it was created. 要充分欣赏一件艺术作品，需要理解其创作的历史背景。 [拓展] (1) appreciation n. 欣赏；感谢 (2) appreciative adj. 欣赏的；感激的 (3) art appreciation 艺术鉴赏 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① I would __________ (appreciate) it if you could arrive a little earlier. ② The course aims to develop students' __________ (appreciate) of classical music. ③ The audience was very __________ (appreciate) of the performers' efforts. 答案：① appreciate ② appreciation ③ appreciative 三、熟词生义 subject n. 主题；学科；主语（常见义） n. (绘画、摄影的) 题材；对象（生义） [经典练习] 用 subject 的适当形式填空。 1.The __________ of his doctoral thesis is 19th-century French literature. 答案： subject 解析： 句意“他博士论文的主题是19世纪法国文学。”此处 subject 作名词，意为“主题”。 2.For this painting, the artist chose a simple still life as his __________. 答案： subject 解析： 句意“在这幅画中，艺术家选择了一个简单的静物作为他的描绘对象。”此处 subject 作名词，意为“（绘画的）题材、对象”。 medium n. 媒介；手段（常见义） n. (艺术的) 表现手段；材料（如油画、水彩）（生义） [经典练习] 用 medium 的适当形式填空。 1.Social media has become an important __________ for sharing news and ideas. 答案： medium 解析： 句意“社交媒体已成为分享新闻和思想的重要媒介。”此处 medium 作名词，意为“媒介、手段”。 2.While she has experimented with various __________, she feels most comfortable working with oils. 答案： media/mediums 解析： 句意“虽然她尝试过各种表现材料，但她觉得使用油画颜料最得心应手。”此处 medium 作名词，意为“（艺术的）表现手段、材料”，复数形式可为 media 或 mediums。 relief n. (焦虑等的) 减轻；宽慰（常见义） n. 浮雕（生义） [经典练习] 用 relief 的适当形式填空。 1.It was a great __________ to hear that everyone was safe after the earthquake. 答案： relief 解析： 句意“听到地震后所有人都安全，真是巨大的宽慰。”此处 relief 作名词，意为“宽慰”。 2.The stone doorway was decorated with intricate carvings in high __________. 答案： relief 解析： 句意“石门道上装饰着复杂的高浮雕雕刻。”此处 relief 作名词，意为“浮雕”，high relief 指“高浮雕”。 composition n. 成分；构成（常见义） n. (绘画、摄影的) 构图；作曲（生义） [经典练习] 用 composition 的适当形式填空。 1.The chemical __________ of the soil affects what plants can grow there. 答案： composition 解析： 句意“土壤的化学成分影响着那里能生长什么植物。”此处 composition 作名词，意为“成分、构成”。 2.The photographer spent a long time arranging the elements to achieve the perfect __________. 答案： composition 解析： 句意“摄影师花了很长时间安排各种元素，以达到完美的构图。”此处 composition 作名词，意为“（绘画、摄影的）构图”。 四、句型清单 “疑问词 + 不定式”结构作宾语 现在分词（短语）作结果状语 “It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.”句型 “not… but…” 连接并列成分 “so + adj. + that…” 引导结果状语从句 “even if/though” 引导让步状语从句 “the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构 【经典练习】 1.(疑问词+不定式作宾语) The workshop will teach participants _________ different painting mediums effectively. (use) 答案：how to use 解析：句意“该工作坊将教授参与者如何有效使用不同的绘画媒介。”动词teach后需接宾语，“how to use…”这一“疑问词+不定式”结构作其宾语。 2. (现在分词作结果状语) The artist mixed traditional techniques with digital media, _________ a stunningly innovative series. (create) 答案：creating 解析：句意“这位艺术家将传统技法与数字媒体结合，创作出了一个极具创新性的系列作品。”现在分词短语“creating…”在句中作结果状语，表示“混合技法”这一行为所产生的直接艺术成果。 3. (It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.) _________ art students _________ the historical context of the works they study. (crucial, understand) 答案：It is crucial for art students to understand 解析：句意“对于艺术生来说，理解他们所研究作品的历史背景至关重要。”不定式短语“to understand…”是真正主语，用“It”作形式主语使句子更平衡。 4. (not… but…) For many modern artists, the goal is _________ realistic representation _________ the exploration of form and color itself. (not, but) 答案：not realistic representation, but the exploration 解析：句意“对许多现代艺术家来说，目标不是真实的再现，而是对形式和色彩本身的探索。”连接两个并列的名词短语作表语，形成鲜明对比。 5. (so… that…) The sculpture’s design was _________ that it sparked widespread public debate when it was first unveiled. (controversial) 答案：so controversial 解析：句意“这座雕塑的设计如此具有争议性，以至于它首次揭幕时就引发了广泛的公众辩论。”“so + adj. + that…”引导结果状语从句，强调其争议性导致的结果。 6. (even if/though) _________ an artwork is centuries old, it can still feel remarkably relevant to contemporary audiences. (even though) 答案：Even though 解析：句意“即使一件艺术品已有数百年历史，它仍然能让当代观众感到惊人的共鸣。”“even though”引导让步状语从句，表示对古老艺术品仍具现代感的承认。 7. (the + 比较级，the + 比较级) Often, _________ an artwork is, _________ it engages the viewer’s imagination. (abstract, much) 答案：the more abstract an artwork is, the more it engages 解析：句意“通常，一件艺术作品越抽象，它就越能激发观者的想象力。”使用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构，表明“抽象程度”与“激发想象力程度”之间的正向关联。 五、语法清单 动词不定式作表语 【感知·语法规律】 观察以下句子，注意动词不定式（to do）在句中作表语的用法： The aim of abstract art is to evoke emotion rather than depict reality. （抽象艺术的目的在于唤起情感，而非描绘现实。） （动词不定式短语"to evoke emotion..."位于系动词is后，说明主语"aim"的内容，作表语。） His ambition as a young painter was to develop a completely new style. （他作为年轻画家的雄心是开创一种全新的风格。） （动词不定式短语"to develop a completely new style"位于系动词was后，说明主语"ambition"的内容，作表语。） The most difficult part of the process is to know when the artwork is finished. （创作过程中最困难的部分在于知道一件作品何时才算完成。） （动词不定式短语"to know..."位于系动词is后，说明主语"part"的内容，作表语。） To see is to believe, especially in the realm of visual art. （眼见为实，尤其是在视觉艺术领域。） （动词不定式"to believe"位于系动词is后，与主语"To see"形成对等关系，作表语。） 【精讲·语法知识】 动词不定式（to do）可放在系动词（如be, seem, appear等）后作表语，用来说明主语的具体内容、目的或预定要发生的事情，尤其在主语为抽象名词时常见。 1. 基本用法与特点 说明主语内容：当句子的主语是表达目标、目的、愿望、计划、职责等抽象概念的词（如aim, goal, purpose, wish, dream, plan, duty, task, function等）时，常用不定式作表语，具体说明该内容是什么。 The function of this sculpture is to challenge viewers' perceptions of space. （这座雕塑的功能是挑战观者对空间的感知。） Our task today is to analyze the use of color in Impressionist paintings. （我们今天的任务是分析印象派绘画中色彩的运用。） 主表对等关系：当主语本身也是不定式短语或含有实义动词的抽象概念时，表语的不定式常与主语形成对等关系，解释“做某事就是……”或“……在于……”。 To preserve these frescoes is to protect a piece of human history. （保护这些壁画就是保护一段人类历史。） The key to understanding his later work is to study the personal crises he experienced. （理解他后期作品的关键在于研究他所经历的个人危机。） 表示预定或可能发生的事：在正式语境中，用不定式作表语可表示按计划、安排或注定要发生的事情。 The next exhibition is to feature emerging Asian artists. （下一场展览将展出新兴的亚洲艺术家作品。） This unfinished symphony was never to be completed by the composer. （这部未完成的交响曲注定无法由这位作曲家完成。） 2. 常用结构 主语（抽象名词）+ be + 不定式（短语） The purpose of art criticism is not to judge but to understand. （艺术评论的目的不是评判，而是理解。） 主语（不定式/动名词）+ be + 不定式（短语） Learning to draw is to learn to see. （学习绘画就是学习观察。） The only / best / next thing + be + 不定式（短语） The best thing an artist can do sometimes is to walk away from the canvas and return with fresh eyes. （有时艺术家能做的最好的事情就是离开画布，然后用新鲜的眼光回来审视。） 【易错警示】 不定式作表语 vs. 现在分词作表语：be动词后接现在分词（-ing）构成进行时态或表示主语的特征；接不定式则主要说明主语的内容或未来动作。 His job is teaching art history. （他的工作是教艺术史。——teaching 为动名词，说明职业内容，可与不定式互换，但更强调职业性质） His job today is to prepare the gallery for the new exhibition. （他今天的工作是为新展览布置画廊。——不定式表示一次性的具体任务） The result is encouraging. （结果是令人鼓舞的。——现在分词作形容词，描述主语特征，不能用不定式替换） 不定式符号"to"的省略：在口语或某些固定结构中，作表语的不定式在系动词后有时可省略"to"，但多数情况下需保留。在正式写作中建议保留。 All I did was (to) give him some technical advice. （我所做的只是给了他一些技术建议。——在"All...did was..."或"What...do/did was..."句型中，不定式符号to可省略） The plan is to start the restoration next month. （计划是下个月开始修复。——通常需带to） 时态与语态：需根据句意使用不定式的一般式、完成式、进行式或被动式。 This painting appears to have been influenced by Japanese woodblock prints. （这幅画似乎受到了日本浮世绘的影响。——完成式，表示影响发生在“显得”之前） The mural is said to be being restored by a team of experts. （据说这幅壁画正由一个专家团队修复。——进行式的被动语态） 【经典练习】 单句语法填空 1.The primary goal of the art foundation is __________ (support) young, experimental artists. 答案： to support 解析： 句意“该艺术基金会的主要目标是支持年轻的实验性艺术家。”主语"goal"是抽象名词，需用不定式作表语说明其具体内容。 2.For a portrait artist, the greatest challenge often seems __________ (capture) not just a likeness, but the subject‘s inner spirit. 答案： to capture 解析： 句意“对于肖像画家来说，最大的挑战似乎常常在于捕捉的不仅是外貌的相似，更是人物的内在精神。”主语"challenge"是抽象名词，且seem为系动词，后接不定式作表语。 3.His lifelong dream was __________ (have) his sculptures displayed in a major international museum. 答案： to have 解析： 句意“他毕生的梦想是让自己的雕塑作品在重要的国际博物馆展出。”主语"dream"是抽象名词，需用不定式作表语说明梦想的具体内容。 4.The function of these ancient cave paintings might __________ (be) ritualistic rather than purely decorative. 答案： to be 解析： 句意“这些古老洞穴壁画的功能可能是用于仪式，而非纯粹的装饰。”主语"function"是抽象名词，情态动词might后接系动词be的原形，整体“might be”作谓语，表语部分需用不定式"to be"说明功能是什么。 5.The only way __________ (truly appreciate) this minimalist installation is __________ (experience) it in person within the quiet gallery space. 答案： to truly appreciate, to experience 解析： 句意“真正欣赏这个极简主义装置艺术的唯一方式是亲自在安静的美术馆空间里体验它。”第一个空，不定式"to appreciate"作后置定语修饰"way"；第二个空，不定式"to experience"位于系动词is后作表语，说明"the only way"的具体内容。 6.Her duty as the curator was __________ (ensure) that all the artworks __________ (transport) safely to the exhibition venue. 答案： to ensure, were transported 解析： 句意“她作为策展人的职责是确保所有艺术品被安全运抵展览场地。”第一个空，不定式"to ensure"作表语说明"duty"的内容。第二个空，是"ensure that..."宾语从句中的谓语，根据主句时态和被动语意，需用一般过去时的被动语态"were transported"。 7.What the critic did was __________ (point out) how the painter‘s use of light __________ (evolve) over his career. 答案： to point out, had evolved 解析： 句意“那位评论家所做的是指出这位画家在其职业生涯中运用光线的手法是如何演变的。”在"What...did was..."句型中，不定式作表语，符号to可省略也可保留，此处保留更正式。第二个空，是"point out how..."宾语从句中的谓语，根据“演变”发生在“指出”之前，需用过去完成时"had evolved"。 六、写作清单 Write a Notice 【点拨·写作技巧】 一份通知旨在清晰、准确、正式地向特定群体传递信息、安排活动或宣布决定。其核心是信息传达的有效性和权威性，需要做到内容完整、格式规范、语言精练。 明确通知要素：确保通知包含所有必要信息：标题、发文对象、正文（事由、具体事项、要求）、落款（发布单位、日期）。对于活动类通知，必须明确交代 “5W1H” (Who, What, When, Where, Why, How)。 结构严谨，层次清晰： 标题：居中写明NOTIC 称呼：顶格写清通知对象，如“To All Students of Grade 11,” 或 “To whom it may concern,”。 正文： 开头段：直截了当说明通知的目的或背景。 主体段：分点或分段详细说明具体安排、要求、步骤或注意事项。逻辑顺序要清晰。 信息强调段：单独列出最关键的信息（如时间、地点），确保一目了然。 结尾与落款：使用礼貌性结束语（如“For further information, please contact...”），并在右下角写明发布单位（部门）和日期。 语言正式、客观、简洁：使用正式、书面的语言，避免口语化表达。多使用被动语态（如“All participants are required to...”）、祈使句和固定句型（如“This is to inform you that...”）。时态以一般现在时和将来时为主。 格式规范：注意分段、项目符号的使用，使版面整洁，重点突出。 【积累·写作素材】 标题与开头 NOTICE Notice: School Art Club – Call for Submissions This is to inform all members of the Art Society that... The Art Department wishes to announce that... 阐述事由与安排 说明目的与安排： .The purpose of this notice is to inform you of the upcoming workshop on traditional Chinese painting techniques. 列出具体要求与步骤： All interested students are required to sign up with their class teacher by [Date]. Participants should gather at the school gate no later than [Time] on [Date]. Please note that photography without flash is permitted, but touching the exhibits is strictly forbidden. 提供具体信息（常单独列出）： Event: Guided Tour of the “Modern Masters” Exhibition Date & Time: Friday, 15th March 2024, 9:00 AM – 12:30 PM Venue: City Art Museum, 123 Art Street Transportation: School buses will be provided. Attire: School uniform is mandatory. For any queries, please do not hesitate to contact Ms. [Teacher‘s Name] at the Art Office (Room 305). Your punctuality and cooperation are highly appreciated. We look forward to your active participation. 【示例·分步写作】 主题： Write a notice informing students about an organized visit to a local art museum. 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 通知 (Notice) 发文对象 高二年级全体学生 (Students of Senior 2) 发文单位 学校艺术组 (The School Art Department) 核心目的 通知学生参观美术馆的具体安排与要求。 人称与语气 正式、客观、带有轻微强制性（如“are required to”）。以校方口吻书写。 结构框架 标题： NOTICE 称呼： To All Students of Senior 2, 正文第一段： 说明参观目的与展览名称。 正文第二段： 详列活动安排、集合信息、行为规范。 信息要点： 用分点形式清晰呈现时间、地点等核心信息。 结尾： 提供咨询方式，表达期待。 落款： 部门与日期。 语言风格 正式、简洁、信息密集，使用被动语态和祈使句。 第二步：要点翻译 为拓宽我们的艺术视野，学校艺术组组织了参观市美术馆的活动。(broaden one‘s horizon, organize) 基础句： To broaden our artistic horizons, the School Art Department has organized a visit to the City Art Museum. 我们将参观名为“印象派之光”的特展。(visit, special exhibition) 基础句： We will visit a special exhibition named “Light of Impressionism”. 所有参与者必须在本周五前向艺术老师报名。(participant, required, sign up) 基础句： All participants are required to sign up with their art teacher by this Friday. 请注意，在美术馆内必须保持安静，且不得触摸展品。(Please note that, keep quiet, touch) 基础句： Please note that you must keep quiet inside the museum and must not touch the exhibits. 第三步：词句升级 用一个更正式、全面的开头句整合句1和句2，说明目的： 升级句： This is to inform you that the School Art Department has arranged an educational visit to the City Art Museum with the aim of broadening our artistic horizons and appreciating the masterpieces of the “Light of Impressionism” exhibition. 将句3升级为更清晰的要求，并增加细节： 升级句： All interested students are required to register with their respective art teachers no later than 5:00 PM this Friday (March 8th). 将句4扩展为更正式的行为规范说明： 升级句： Please be reminded that all students are expected to maintain a quiet and respectful demeanor within the museum galleries. Touching any artwork or display case is strictly prohibited. 增加关于行程、着装和安全的要点，使通知更完整： 升级句： School buses will depart from the main gate at 8:30 AM sharp and return by 12:30 PM. Full school uniform is mandatory for all attendees. 第四步：连句成篇 NOTICE To All Students of Senior 2, This is to inform you that the School Art Department has arranged an educational visit to the City Art Museum. The purpose of this visit is to enrich our understanding of art history and to provide firsthand experience with the masterpieces featured in the current special exhibition, “Light of Impressionism: From Monet to Renoir.” All interested students are required to register with their respective art teachers no later than 5:00 PM this Friday (March 8th). Please be reminded that all students are expected to maintain a quiet and respectful demeanor within the museum galleries. Touching any artwork or display case is strictly prohibited. Please pay special attention to the following arrangements: Date: Wednesday, 13th March 2025 Departure & Assembly: Assemble at the school main gate by 8:15 AM. School buses will depart promptly at 8:30 AM. Return Time: Approximate return to school is 12:30 PM. Attire: Full school uniform is mandatory. Items to Bring: A notebook and pen are recommended for sketches or notes. Your punctuality and cooperation are essential for the success of this trip. We believe this will be a valuable and inspiring experience for all participants. For any further inquiries, please contact Ms. Li in the Art Office (Room 408). The School Art Department Sunshine High School March 5, 2025 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $