Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(译林版)

本讲义聚焦高中英语语法与词汇核心知识，系统梳理重点单词（含基础词如prospect、motor及拓展词如occupation的词形转换）、短语（如be no less important than）和句型，构建从词汇积累到复杂句式（简单句五种类型、并列句连接词、主从复合句三大从句）的递进式学习支架。 资料特色在于词汇与语法深度融合，通过“核心词汇·练透”模块（如occupation的用法及句式升级练习）提升语言能力，复杂句式分析用表格归纳与实例应用培养思维品质，练习题设计兼顾课中教学（如句子合并）与课后巩固（语法填空、完成句子），助力学生查漏补缺，落实学习能力培养。

Unit 4　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．prospect n．成功的机会，前景，可能性 2．motor adj.机动车的，汽车的 n．发动机，马达 3．institution n．机构；风俗习惯，制度 4．drill v．& vi.培训，训练；钻(孔) n．练习，训练；钻，钻头 5．circuit n．电路，线路；环行；赛车道 6．recreation n．娱乐，消遣 7．random adj.随机的；辨认不出的，不合常理的 8．tablet n．平板电脑 拓展单词 9．occupation n. 工作，职业，消遣；侵占，占领期；使用→occupy v．使用，占用； 侵占；占领；占据→occupied adj. 使用中；有人使用(或居住)；忙于；(国家等)被占领的；被侵占的 10．competence n．能力；胜任→competent adj. 足以胜任的；有能力的；称职的 11．statistic n. 统计数字；统计资料→statistics n．统计学→statistical adj.统计学的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．be no less important than(＝as important as) 和……一样重要 2．give sb an advantage 使某人有优势 3．go through 经历 4．combine theory with practice 把理论和实践结合起来 5．be relevant to 与……相关 6．set to do sth 开始做，准备做 7．light a lamp in the mind 点亮心灵的一盏灯 8．better our understanding of sth使我们更好地理解…… 9．be on the rise 在增长中 Ⅲ.重点句型 Not only is it recreation, but it also lights a lamp in the mind, bettering our understanding of the world around us. 阅读不仅是一种娱乐，它也点亮心灵的一盏灯，使我们更好地理解周围的世界。 [核心词汇·练透] occupation n．工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用 (1)occupy v．占用，占去(时间) occupy sb/oneself (in) doing sth 使某人/自己忙于做某事 occupy sb/oneself with sth 使某人/自己忙于某事 (2)occupied adj. 被占用的，使用中的 be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth 忙于某事 In my spare time，I have been occupied in practising my oral English so I speak English fluently. 在我的业余时间，我一直忙于练习英语口语，所以我英语说得很流利。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①He occupies himself doing(do)some reading every day. ②Please fill in your name，address and occupation (occupy) in this form. (2)句式升级 ③I was occupied doing this project，so I had no time for social activities. →Occupied doing this project，I had no time for social activities.(过去分词短语作状语) →Occupying myself doing this project，I had no time for social activities.(现在分词短语作状语) 复杂句式分析 一、简单句 简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。 1 主语＋谓语(不及物动词) 2 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语 3 主语＋系动词＋表语 4 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 5 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语 写出下面简单句的基本类型(“主谓”结构/“主谓宾”结构/“主系表”结构/“主谓宾宾”结构/“主谓宾补”结构) ①The Internet makes our lives easy and convenient.“主谓宾补”结构 ②Actually，people can get by with a few local expressions when traveling to a foreign country.“主谓”结构 ③Most importantly，it's vital to mind your table manners.“主系表”结构 ④The table tennis team of our school is looking for new players right now.“主谓宾”结构 ⑤You showed me some photos on environmental protection.“主谓宾宾”结构 二、并列句 并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连接。 并列连词 用法 例句 and，both...and...，not only...but(also)．..等 表示并列、顺承或递进关系 There the air is clean and the mountains are green. 那里空气清新，千山一碧。 but，yet， whereas等 表示转折关系 The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. 这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。 or，either...or...，not...but...等 表示选择关系 Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you. 要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。 for，so 表示因果关系。for连接的分句一般不能放在句首 The leaves of the trees are falling，for it's already autumn. 树叶在坠落，因为秋天已经到了。 and，or 表示条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中 You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you. 你得让出路来，否则卡车无法从你身旁通过。 while 作为并列连词，强调两种情况的对比 I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk. 我爱喝黑咖啡，而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。 (1)when可用作并列连词，相当于and at this/that time，意为“正在这/那时，突然”，常用于下列句式：①sb be about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth when...(某人正要做某事，突然……)；②sb be doing sth when...(某人正在做某事，突然……)；③sb had just done sth when...(某人刚做完某事，突然……)。 (2)并列句常用句型：“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。 [对点练] 单句语法填空 ①All these people believe in me not because they know me but because the success I had. ②At school，some students are active while some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another. ③We were walking side­by­side when suddenly we both sank to knee depth in the mud. ④Follow your doctor's advice，or your cough will get worse. 三、主从复合句 主从复合句包括三大从句：定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。 1．定语从句的引导词 关系代词 that，which，who，whom，whose，as(在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语) 关系副词 where，when，why(在从句中充当状语) 连接代词 what，who，whom，whose，which，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever(在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语) 连接副词 when，where，how，why，whenever，however，wherever(在从句中充当状语) 从属连词 that，whether/if，because，as if，as though(在从句中不充当成分) 时间状语从句 when，while，as，before，since，until，as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，every time，directly/immediately/instantly，no sooner...than，hardly...when等 地点状语从句 where，wherever等 目的状语从句 in order that，so that，for fear that，in the hope that，in case等 原因状语从句 because，as，since，now that，considering that等 条件状语从句 if，unless，as/so long as，on condition that，providing/provided (that)等 让步状语从句 though，although，as(用于倒装结构)，while(一般位于句首)，even though，even if，wh­词＋­ever，no matter＋wh­词，whether...or等 结果状语从句 so...that，such...that，so that等 比较状语从句 than，as，the＋比较级．..，the ＋比较级．..等 方式状语从句 as，as if，as though等 单句语法填空 ①And it evaluates how well you combine your listening，reading，speaking and writing skills to perform academic tasks. ②Even insignificant choices can affect what we experience and how we feel. ③This woman has set a good example to her son，who is a really lucky guy. ④He promised to give a great reward to whoever found the watch. ⑤The watch，which was a gift from his father, was very important to him and he was determined to find it. ⑥It was so successful that he designed the present one，which measures roughly 200 square meters. ⑦So if you want to eat less，some suggest that eating from blue plates should help. ⑧If/When/While you are travelling abroad，here are the tips you need to make your trip much easier. ⑨Most didn't know the answers because/as/since they learn by rote(死记硬背)． ⑩The teacher is a good teacher because she always tries her best to be the one whose classes are more active and lively with some stories and examples. ⑪Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to which you are travelling. ⑫At that time I was in Texas and I had a friend whose family business was running hotels. ⑬To the Egyptians，green was a color which/that represented the hope and joy of spring，while for Muslims，it means heaven. 用连词或关系词把两个句子合并 1．The plane arrived.Some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building.Others were waiting on the airfield. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building, while others were waiting on the airfield. 2．He is an expert on rice planting.The local Zhuang people have learnt a lot from him. He is an expert on rice planting from whom the local Zhuang people have learnt a lot. 3．He never expected the bicycle to be found.He heard the news.He was surprised.It was stolen 5 years ago. He never expected the bicycle to be found, so when he heard the news, he was surprised, because it was stolen 5 years ago. 4．I live near an airport.Airplanes there are slowly driving me mad.Passing planes can be heard day and night. I live near an airport, where airplanes are slowly driving me mad, for passing planes can be heard day and night. 5．The job takes a significant amount of time.Most students agree that the experience gained from it is invaluable. Though/although the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience gained from it is invaluable. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He's never done this type of work before; I'm not sure how he'll fit in with the other people. 2．There are several reference (refer) books which can help you make your choice. 3．The winning numbers are randomly (random) selected by computer. 4．I always assist my parents in doing the dishes after meals.I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom whenever necessary. 5．Problems at work continued to occupy (occupation) his mind for some time. 6．Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 7．Some 24,000 more tickets will be made available by phone or in person for the three­day extension (extend)． 8．The test qualifies you to drive (drive) heavy vehicles. 9．The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work where a good impression is a must. 10．He was a loyal, distinguished and very competent (competence) civil servant. 11．Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 12．Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 13．James Watson, Philip Mayo and I gave a slide and video presentation (present)． 14．We think she's extremely well qualified (qualify) for the job. 15．The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．不知不觉，天已经黑了。(before) Before I knew it, it had been dark. 2．这位作家在定稿之前通常一遍又一遍地修改他的作品。(polish) The writer usually polishes his writing again and again before the final draft. 3．我渐渐明白，我的父母爱我胜过爱他们自己。(dawn on) It dawned on me that my parents loved me more than themselves. 4．我心烦意乱，难以镇定思绪。(compose) I was so confused that I could hardly compose my thoughts. 5．在课堂上，把你的注意力放在老师正在讲的内容上。(focus) In class, focus your attention on what the teacher is saying. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $