Unit 4 Section 3 Discovering Useful Structures-(配套练习)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(人教版)

[对应知能达标训练P50] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．To win (win) the competition，the competitors have to practice hard day and night. 2．Many buildings in our school need repairing，but the one to be repaired (repair) first is the library. 3．The old man sitting in front of the television was happy to watch (watch) anything that happened to be on. 4．Thanks to your encouragement，I finally got the courage to face (face) the challenge. 5．It is recognised that he is the best man to do (do) the job. 6．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading，only to be told (tell) that it was being decorated. 7．With a lot of work to do (do)，she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 8．To save (save) energy，we turn off the lights for Earth Hour. 9. To realize(realize) his dream of entering a key university，Jack studies harder than ever. 10．I am to join in the reading competition to be held (hold) next month. 11．More importantly，it is also a good opportunity to express (express) your best wishes to our school. 12．My teacher called me to his office，telling (tell) me that I was the only winner whose native language wasn't English to take(take) first place in the writing contest. 13．As a matter of fact，they were very surprised to be informed (inform) of the news. 14．To tell the truth，she was the most suitable woman to take (take) the job. 15．My friend told me he had a lot of reading tasks to complete (complete) before the end of the term. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．You may have chances to make new friends who'll appear when you're in need. 你可能有机会结识新朋友，他们会在你有困难时出现。 2．All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms. 明天出席开幕式的所有老师都应该穿制服。 3．During my last winter holiday，I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents． 去年寒假，我和父亲一起去乡下看望了我的祖父母。 4．To help the students to learn English better，we have decided to donate some books to your school. 为了帮助同学们学好英语，我们已决定为你们学校捐赠一批图书。 5．There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon. 在我们做好在月球上长期停留的准备之前，还有许多问题要解决。 6．Knowing a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next month，I am writing to apply to become a volunteer． 得知美术馆下个月将举办中国画展览，我写信申请当一名志愿者。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Last weekend，I went to a bookstore 1.to buy (buy) some books.There I came across a boy.He was old enough 2.to read (read) by himself.He wanted to buy a geography book that cost one dollar.However，he had only sixty­two cents in his pocket.The money was too little for him 3.to get (get) that book.The boy looked quite disappointed，but he was determined 4.to try (try) some other bookstores to get one.Because I wanted to know the result，I decided 5.to follow (follow) him. The boy tried four different bookstores 6.to find (find) a cheaper book，but he went from one store to another，only 7.to find (find) the book more expensive.In the sixth bookstore，the owner found that the boy was worried，so he asked him why he was anxious 8.to get (get) a geography book.The boy told him that he wanted to become a sailor like his father.He wanted to learn more about geography.9.Hearing/Having heard (hear) what the boy said，the owner gave him one for free.The boy was very excited.The result was satisfying.Before I left，I gave the boy two dollars so that he was able to have money 10.to buy (buy) more books. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A My childhood was a painted picture of sunny sky and rolling green fields stretching to the horizon.It tasted of sharp berries and smelt of sour grapes.My family lived in a cabin(小木屋) in the countryside but I lived in my mother's arms.They were so delicate but strong，her red hair falling around me like a curtain separating me from the world. Childhood was simple.The borders of my village were the furthest my troubles went and monsters only lived in the pages of books.Every day was a waking dream of running races and muddy knees.My village was archaic，dying cabins housing dying farmers with dying traditions.There weren't many children but me and the other boys; boys of butchers and sellers formed our own group. They called us wild.I suppose we were.Trees and mountains formed our playgrounds and fights broke out as easily as sudden laughter.Liberated from the restrictions of society，we would bound into the woods，deeper and deeper until we found a lake which，with a wild yell，we would jump into all at once. My most vivid memories from boyhood center around that lake.Water shone brightly and the sounds of our screams broke into the outcry from birds.The shock of cold water against sweating skin would wake every nerve in my body and my bare feet would hit the sinking muddy bottom.As we submerged(淹没)，time would suspend，movements slowing as bubbles rose around us. I was drowning.I was living.I was living.I was drowning. For timelessness or a second (both felt the same)，we would suspend，curl up，and then be forced back out into breathing air. We should have known that it wouldn't last forever.Yet，even under the best circumstances，there's something so tragic about growing up：to have your perspective on the people and life around you change; to always struggle to reach a mirror only to find yourself tall enough to see your reflection one day.And find，a different person staring back out at you. [语篇解读]　记叙文。文章主要描绘了作者对于童年美好生活的回忆以及对于长大后童年时光逝去的感伤。 1．What does the underlined word “archaic” mean in paragraph 2? A．Borderless. B．Valueless. C．Old­fashioned. D．Poverty­stricken. 解析　C　词义猜测题。根据考查词汇所在句子“My village was archaic，dying cabins housing dying farmers with dying traditions.”并结合上下文语境可知此处是描写我小时候生活的村庄很陈旧。archaic意为“陈旧的”。故选C。 2．Why did the author consider himself and other children wild? A．They played in the woods crazily. B．They tricked others purposefully. C．They frequently broke social rules. D．They firmly refused school education. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Trees and mountains formed our playgrounds and fights broke out as easily as sudden laughter.Liberated from the restrictions of society，we would bound into the woods，deeper and deeper until we found a lake which，with a wild yell，we would jump into all at once.”可知，作者之所以认为自己和其他孩子都是野孩子，是因为他们在树林里疯狂地玩耍。故选A。 3．How does the author introduce his memories of the lake? A．By sharing feelings. B．By expressing ideas. C．By making comparisons. D．By describing characters. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据文章第四至六段的“Water shone brightly and the sounds of our screams broke into the outcry from birds.The shock of cold water against sweating skin would wake every nerve in my body and my bare feet would hit the sinking muddy bottom.As we submerged(淹没)，time would suspend，movements slowing as bubbles rose around us.”和“I was drowning.I was living.I was living.I was drowning.”以及“For timelessness or a second (both felt the same)，we would suspend，curl up，and then be forced back out into breathing air.”可知，作者从自己当时的所见、所听、所感等多个层面描绘了自己童年时对于湖的回忆。故选A。 4．What message does the author seem to convey in the last paragraph? A．Loneliness and challenges make a man grow up. B．The regret of growth is that you have never tried. C．Growth is often accompanied by sad goodbyes to the past. D．Growth begins when we begin to accept our own weakness. 解析　C　推理判断题。通读文章最后一段可知，作者在最后一段似乎传达了“成长常常伴随着对过去的悲伤告别。”故选C。 B Nuclear bombs.That's the go­to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids (小行星) and comets，as far as Hollywood is concerned.Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons，delivered by stars like Bruce Willis，to save the world and deliver the drama. But planetary defense experts say in reality，if astronomers spotted a dangerous incoming space rock，the safest and best answer might be something more subtle，like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft. That's just what NASA did on Monday evening，when a spacecraft headed straight into an asteroid called Dimorphos，which is around 7 million miles away and poses no threat to Earth.It's about 525 feet across and orbits another larger asteroid. In images streamed as the impact neared，the egg­shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to have its full rocky surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target. Events happened exactly as engineers had planned，they said，with nothing going wrong.“As far as we can tell，our first planetary defense test was a success，” said Elena Adams，the mission systems engineer，who added that scientists looked on with “both terror and joy” as the spacecraft neared its final destination. The impact was the peak of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART)，a 7­year and more than $300 million effort which launched a space vehicle in November of 2021 to perform humanity's first ever test of planetary defense technology.It will be about two months，scientists said，before they will be able to determine if the impact was enough to drive the asteroid slightly off course，probably shortening its original orbit. NASA plans to launch an asteroid­hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026.“We've tracked lots of space rocks，especially the larger ones that could cause extinction­level events.Thankfully，none currently threatens Earth.But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos haven't yet been discovered，and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down，” explains Lindley Johnson，NASA's Planetary Defense Officer. [语篇解读]　说明文。本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局实施的行星防御测试：如果发现了危险的太空岩石，最安全的解决措施就是利用小型航天器与其撞击，使其偏离轨道。 5．How did scientists know the craft hit the asteroid successfully? A．The signal from the craft was lost as it hit the target. B．They recorded the whole process with a telescope. C．The little spot on the screen suddenly disappeared. D．They monitored the craft with satellites in space. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target”可知，飞行器成功击中目标后，飞行器的信号消失。故选A。 6．What is the purpose of launching the spacecraft? A．To search for evidence of alien life. B．To end the asteroid's threat to Earth. C．To save the world and deliver a drama. D．To test technology for defending Earth. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，这次撞击是美国国家航空航天局双小行星重定向测试的最关键测试。这个于2021年11月发射的航天器历时7年、耗资超过3亿美元，其目的就是进行人类第一次行星防御技术测试。故选D。 7．What can be inferred about Dimorphos? A．It is a dangerous incoming space rock. B．It is an egg­shaped asteroid around Earth. C．It may orbit the same asteroid after the hit. D．It is expected to blow up after the impact. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第三段至第五段可知，美国国家航空航天局用一艘航天器撞向一颗名为Dimorphos的小行星，这颗小行星围绕另一颗较大的小行星运行，这次撞击是为了推动它偏离轨道，撞击是成功的，因此推断撞击后，它可能绕着同一颗小行星运行。故选C。 8．Which statement will Lindley Johnson probably agree with? A．Asteroids are equally destructive whatever the size. B．NEO Surveyor is aimed to track smaller asteroids. C．Larger asteroids will no longer threaten Earth. D．NASA is responsible for the safety of Earth. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，美国国家航空航天局计划在2026年发射一架名为“NEO测量者”的小行星探测太空望远镜。结合“especially the larger ones”可知，研究人员之前主要研究大行星，但其实未被发现的小行星才是对地球有威胁的。由此推断，“NEO测量者”的目标应该是发现相对比较小的小行星。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 Benefits of Space Exploration On April 12，1961，the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space. 1 Why should we spend so much time and money to explore dangerous environments? Well，the answer is simple.The benefits of space，including medical，technological and economic benefits，are more than the dangers of it. • Medical benefits. 2 Analyzing the effects of zero­gravity on blood circulation led to many discoveries on how to prevent some types of heart failure.And the experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases. • 3 The space race has led to technological advancements in the shortest period of time，such as vacuum­sealed (真空密封的) food，fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners.Today，we still use them in our daily lives.Yet，we even don't know that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon. 4 Who knows what kind of new technologies could be developed that will make our lives easier in the future? •Creation of STEM jobs. Space exploration is one of the industries that require the largest percentage of STEM (Science，Technology，Engineering，and Mathematics) jobs.A lot of those jobs are positions for engineers，data analysts，doctors，biologists and so on.Although these positions require highly qualified people to fill them，they are some of the highest­paid jobs in the market. 5 A．Space tourism industry. B．Development of new technologies. C．Is exploring space a waste of time and money? D．As you can see，it is important for us to keep pushing the limits of space exploration. E．So the growing space industry creates high­paid jobs. F．The medical benefits of space exploration reach every area of the human body. G．The age of space exploration started that day. [语篇解读]　说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索带来的医疗、科技以及经济方面的益处。 1．解析　G　前文“On April 12，1961，the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space.”描述人类首次前往外太空的事件，因此G项符合语境，指出这一事件的重要意义，承接前文，其中的that day指代前文的April 12，1961。故选G。 2．解析　F　空处位于段首，需呼应段落标题，引出段落内容。根据标题“Medical benefits.”可知，本段主要介绍太空探索带来的医疗益处，后文“Analyzing the effects of zero­gravity on blood circulation led to many discoveries on how to prevent some types of heart failure.And the experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.”具体介绍了太空探索对医疗发展的帮助，因此F项符合语境，说明这种益处非常多，契合后文内容，其中的medical benefits在标题中有同词复现。故选F。 3．解析　B　空处是段落标题，需统领段落内容，且需和其他段落标题一样使用名词短语的形式。根据第一段中“The benefits of space，including medical，technological and economic benefits，are more than the dangers of it.”可推知，空处的益处与技术相关，后文“The space race has led to technological advancements in the shortest period of time，such as vacuum­sealed (真空密封的) food，fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners.Today，we still use them in our daily lives.”也主要介绍太空探索对科技发展的帮助，因此B项符合语境，契合段落内容，其中的technologies呼应第一段和后文的technological。故选B。 4．解析　D　前文“Today，we still use them in our daily lives.Yet，we even don't know that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon.”说明太空探索带来的技术发展对人们的生活有帮助，后文“Who knows what kind of new technologies could be developed that will make our lives easier in the future？”以问题的形式期待未来太空探索带来的新技术，因此D项符合语境，指出太空探索的重要性，对前文进行了总结，过渡到后文的问题。故选D。 5．解析　E　前文“Although these positions require highly qualified people to fill them，they are some of the highest­paid jobs in the market.”说明太空探索需要的人才收入很高，因此E项符合语境，总结航天工业带来高薪工作，承接前文，其中的high­paid和前文的highest­paid呼应。故选E。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Samantha Cristoforetti，the first Italian female astronaut in space，1. (post) a group of photos and several Chinese sentences on her Twitter account during her mission at the International Space Station. Attached to the photos 2. (be) several lines from Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion，an ancient Chinese calligraphy masterpiece 3. famous Chinese calligrapher Wang Xizhi from the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Cristoforetti even gave 4. accurate translation of the lines，saying，“Looking up，I see the vastness of the universe.5. (bow) my head，I look at the multitude of the world.The gaze flies，the heart expands，the joy of the senses can reach its peak，6. this is true happiness indeed.” “Her quotation (引语) of the lines shows that she 7. (careful) observed the universe with the vision of Chinese civilization while observing China from space.Such a quotation is very special，8. shows her ambition and a sense of pride，” said Professor Wang Hui from Tsinghua University. Her quotation also sparked a heated 9. (discuss) among foreign Internet users on social media.Some netizens said that with her Chinese language capacity，Cristoforetti also has the ability 10. (work) at the Chinese space station，while others hope that there will be less conflict and more cooperation in the world. [语篇解读]　说明文。本文主要讲述了意大利航天员克里斯托福雷蒂在太空写下中国古文《兰亭集序》中的句子，一条“太空推特”引发网友热议，共同探索和和平利用外太空会促进全人类的共同福祉，各国理应携手合作，让地球和世界变得更加美好。 1．解析　posted　句意：萨曼莎·克里斯托福雷蒂是第一位进入太空的意大利女宇航员，她在国际空间站执行任务期间，在自己的推特账号上发布了一组照片和几句中文。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，故填posted。 2．解析　were　句意：照片的附件是《兰亭集序》中的几行，这是中国东晋著名书法家王羲之的古代书法杰作。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情用一般过去时；该句为表语前置的倒装，主语是lines，故填were。 3．解析　by　句意：同上。表示“作者是，由……所写”应用介词by。 4．解析　an　句意：克里斯托福雷蒂甚至准确地翻译了这些词句，她说：“抬头看，我看到了宇宙的浩瀚。低头看，我看着世界的浩瀚。凝视飞翔，心灵膨胀，感官的喜悦达到顶峰，这才是真正的幸福。”translation“翻译”是可数名词单数形式，此处为泛指，应添加不定冠词，且accurate的发音是元音音素开头，故填an。 5．解析　Bowing　句意：同上。逗号前部分是状语，空处应填非谓语动词，逻辑主语I和bow之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填Bowing。 6．解析　and/so　句意：同上。空处应填连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，上下文是并列或因果关系，故填and/so。 7．解析　carefully　句意：她引用的词句表明，她在太空观察中国的同时，用中华文明的眼光仔细观察了宇宙。修饰动词observed应用所给词的副词形式。故填carefully。 8．解析　which　句意：这条引语很特别，这表明了她的雄心壮志和自豪感。空处引导非限制性定语，先行词是quotation，从句缺少主语，故填which。 9．解析　discussion　句意：她的引语也在社交媒体上引发了外国网民的热烈讨论。空处应填名词discussion“讨论”作宾语，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填discussion。 10．解析　to work　句意：一些网友表示，凭借她的中文能力，克里斯托福雷蒂也有能力在中国空间站工作，而另一些人则希望世界上少一些冲突，多一些合作。该句中已有谓语动词has，故空处填非谓语动词，ability后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to work。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $