Unit 2 语法详解（一）一般现在时 2025-2026学年人教版七年级英语上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过表格对比主语类型与谓语动词形式、分点列述动词第三人称单数变化规则，系统构建一般现在时知识体系，涵盖时态本质、句式结构及易混易错点，清晰呈现重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，如动词适当形式填空、句式改写等题型，结合单个人名作主语等易错点指导，培养语言运用与思维辨析能力。基础题巩固语法规则，综合题提升表达能力，助力学生自主复习，教师可据此实施精准教学。

Unit 2 语法详解（一） 一般现在时（do/does） 一、时态本质与核心用法 一般现在时是英语中最基础的时态之一，核心用于表达经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，也可描述客观事实、自然规律、主语的固有特征或能力。 二、谓语动词的形式变化 一般现在时中，谓语动词的形式由主语的人称和数决定，分为动词原形和第三人称单数形式两类，具体对应规则如下： 主语类型 谓语动词形式 示例（play/have/love） 第一人称（I/we）、第二人称（you）、第三人称复数（they/复数名词） 动词原形 I play ping-pong./ They have bats. 第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词/不可数名词） 动词第三人称单数 He plays ping-pong./ She has a pen./ Teng Fei’s grandpa loves sport. 动词第三人称单数变化规则 1. 一般情况：直接加-s 例：love→loves，play→plays，look→looks 2. 以s/x/ch/sh/o结尾：加-es 例：do→does，watch→watches，go→goes，wash→washes 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i，再加-es 例：study→studies，fly→flies，cry→cries 4. 以元音字母+y结尾：直接加-s 例：play→plays，stay→stays，enjoy→enjoys 5. 特殊变化：have→has，be→is（本单元重点关联） 三、四大基本句式 1. 肯定句 · 非三单主语：主语 + 动词原形 + 时间状语/其他成分 本单元常用时间状语：every day/week/morning，usually，often 例：Teng Fei and his grandpa play ping-pong every week. 例：They have some nice ping-pong bats. · 三单主语：主语 + 动词三单 + 时间状语/其他成分 例：Teng Fei’s grandpa loves sport. 例：His father has a fishing rod. 2. 否定句 否定句需借助助动词don’t（do not）或doesn’t（does not），后接动词原形。 · 非三单主语：主语 + don’t + 动词原形 + 其他 例：I don’t play the piano. 例：They don’t have any pets at home. · 三单主语：主语 + doesn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 例：He doesn’t like fishing. 例：She doesn’t talk much in class. ✅ 关键提醒：doesn’t后动词必须还原为原形，不可保留三单形式（如不可写doesn’t plays）。 3. 一般疑问句 一般疑问句需将助动词Do/Does置于句首，主语后接动词原形。 · 非三单主语：Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + do. 否定回答：No, 主语 + don’t. 例：—Do you play the piano? —Yes, I do./ No, I don’t. · 三单主语：Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + does. 否定回答：No, 主语 + doesn’t. 例：—Does your father spend a lot of time fishing? —Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t. ✅ 关键提醒：句首用Does时，主语后的动词必须用原形（如不可写Does he plays）。 4. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句构成，常用特殊疑问词：what（什么）、who（谁）、when（何时）。 · 结构：特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例：What does your mother like? 例：When do you play football? · 回答：直接陈述具体内容，无需用yes/no。 例：—What does she do after school? —She reads books. 四、易混点与易错点专项提醒 1. 单个人名/称呼作主语：属于第三人称单数，动词需用三单形式（如误写Lily like→Lily likes）； 2. 集合类主语（family）：表“家庭成员”时为复数，动词用原形；表“家庭整体”时为单数，动词用三单； 3. 频率副词位置：usually/often/always需放在实义动词前、be动词后（如He often plays basketball./ She is always happy.）； 4. 助动词与实义动词搭配：do/does仅为助动词，需和实义动词原形搭配，不可单独作谓语。 专项练习题（一般现在时） （一）用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. My brother ______ (have) short hair and big eyes. 2. He often ______ (make) us laugh with his funny stories. 3. My sister ______ (like) reading storybooks very much. 4. I ______ (not play) the guitar, but I ______ (play) the violin well. 5. ______ your father ______ (play) basketball every weekend? 6. They ______ (not have) any pets at home, but they want a dog. 7. Teng Fei ______ (love) ping-pong, and he ______ (play) it with his grandpa every week. 8. What ______ your mother ______ (do) in her free time? 9. She ______ (not talk) much in class, but she is active after class. 10. We ______ (be) all different, but we ______ (have) a lot of fun together. （二）按要求改写句子 1. My sister likes reading.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Tom plays ping-pong every week.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. I have a new schoolbag.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4. His father spends a lot of time fishing.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________________________________ 5. They play football after school.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 6. She does her homework at 7 p.m. every day.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 7. He watches TV in the evening.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________________________________ 8. We go to school at 7:30 a.m.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 9. Lily loves drawing pictures.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 10. It rains a lot in summer.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 练习题答案（一般现在时） （一）用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. has 2. makes 3. likes 4. don’t play; play 5. Does; play 6. don’t have 7. loves; plays 8. does; do 9. doesn’t talk 10. are; have （二）按要求改写句子 1. My sister doesn’t like reading. 2. —Does Tom play ping-pong every week? —No, he doesn’t. 3. —Do you have a new schoolbag? —Yes, I do. 4. His father doesn’t spend a lot of time fishing. 5. What do they do after school? 6. —Does she do her homework at 7 p.m. every day? —Yes, she does. 7. He doesn’t watch TV in the evening. 8. —Do you go to school at 7:30 a.m.? —No, we don’t. 9. What does Lily love doing? 10. —Does it rain a lot in summer? —Yes, it does. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $