2026年中考英语二轮复习语法专项突破课件(安徽)专题八动词和动词短语

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摘要:

该初中英语中考复习课件系统覆盖动词和动词短语五大核心考点,包括实义动词(及物/不及物、延续性/非延续性)、系动词、助动词、情态动词及动词短语,按中考说明分析各考点考查权重,结合分类示例和典例解析,归纳选择、填空等常考题型,体现备考针对性和实用性。 课件亮点在于“考点精讲+真题演练+易错突破”模式,如动词短语按come/get/go等分类梳理,结合2025年安徽真题“hang out”、武汉真题“work out”示范“语境词义匹配法”,培养语言能力和思维品质。易错点如情态动词“may表推测”解析,帮助学生掌握答题技巧,教师可依此设计专题训练,提升复习效率。

内容正文:

专题八 动词和动词短语 动词和动词短语 考点一 实义动词 1.及物动词和不及物动词 分类 功能及用法 示例 实义 动词 及物动词(vt.) 本身含有实在意义,表示动作或状态,在句中能独立作谓语 可以接宾语 afford买得起 enjoy喜欢  不及物动词(vi.) 不可以直接接宾语 arrive到达 fall落下  不及物动词要想接宾语,必须在不及物动词后加上适当的介词。 She died of hunger.她死于饥饿。 2.延续性动词和非延续性动词 分类 意义 示例 延续性 动词 表示动作是可持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用 drink喝 fly飞 wait等 lie躺着 play玩 read读 sing唱 work工作 stand站 keep保持 非延续 性动词 表示瞬间动作,动作一发生便立即结束。非延续性动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用 buy买 begin开始 close关闭 come来 die死 marry结婚 open打开 start开始 arrive到达 leave离开 Mozart     many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.  A. enjoyed    B. created    C. bought    D. heard [解析]句意:莫扎特创作了许多美妙的音乐作品。这就是他如此出名的原因。enjoyed“享受”;created“创作”;bought“购买”;heard“听到”。根据“... many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.”可知,莫扎特是因为创作音乐作品而出名。 [答案]B 考点二 系动词 功能 常用词 示例 (1)本身有词义 (2)不能单独作谓语 (3)后加表语 (4)说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份 状态系动词:be I am happy.我很高兴。 持续系动词:keep Keep silent.保持安静。 表象系动词:seem He seems very sad.他看起来很难过。 感官系动词:look,sound,taste,smell,feel Sounds good.这听起来不错。 变化系动词:turn,get,become It’s getting hot.天气越来越热了。 —Which coat do you prefer? —The black one. It     more comfortable.  A. tastes     B. smells     C. feels     D. sounds [解析]句意:——你更喜欢哪件外套?——黑色的那件。它摸起来更舒服。tastes“尝起来”;smells“闻起来”;feels“摸起来,感觉”;sounds“听起来”。根据语境可知,此处是在描述外套摸起来的感觉,所以应该用feels。 [答案]C 考点三 助动词 功能 用法 示例 (1)本身无意义或意义不完整 (2)不能单独作谓语 (3)必须和其他动词一起连用 (4)帮助构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等 助动词be+现在分词:进行时 I’m working.我正在工作。 助动词be+过去分词:被动语态 The room is cleaned.房间已经打扫过了。 助动词have/has/had+过去分词:完成时 I have cleaned it.我已经打扫过了。 助动词will/would/shall+动词原形:将来时 He will go to school.他将会去上学。 助动词do/does/did+动词原形:否定句、疑问句 I don’t know.我不知道。 Do you know?你知道吗? We     any drink. You’d better buy some fruit and vegetables at the supermarket.  A. needn’t   B. don’t need to   C. don’t need   D. not need [解析]句意:我们不需要任何饮料了。你最好在超市买一些水果和蔬菜。need既可以作实义动词,也可以作情态动词。作实义动词时,后接名词、代词或不定式,否定形式要借助助动词don’t/doesn’t等。根据“We ... any drink.”可知,need后接名词drink,说明need在这里是实义动词,其否定形式要借助助动词don’t,即don’t need。 [答案]C 考点四 情态动词 功能 常用词 示例 (1)有一定词义 (2)不能单独作谓语 (3)必须加主要动词 (4)不表示动作或状态,仅表说话人的态度 can(could),may(might),must,have to,shall(should),will(would),need(needed),dare,ought to等 I can swim.我会游泳。 You should sit here.你应该坐在这里。 —Is Mike coming to the fashion show tomorrow? —I’m not sure. He     come.  A. must     B. can     C. may     D. should [解析]句意:——Mike明天会来时装秀吗?——我不确定。他可能会来。must“必须,一定”;can“可以,能够”;may“可能,也许”;should“应该”。根据“I’m not sure.”可推知,Mike可能会来,may表推测。 [答案]C 考点五 动词短语 1.动词短语的构成 类型 示例 动词+介词 knock at敲 go over仔细检查 deal with处理 hear from收到……来信 动词+介词+名词 keep in mind牢记;记住某事 go to bed上床睡觉 动词+副词 set off出发 hand in上交 find out查明;弄清 动词+副词+介词 catch up with赶上 keep away from远离 动词+名词 take place发生;举行 take care小心;警惕 make progress取得进步 动词+名词+介词 make fun of取笑 take part in参加 pay attention to注意 2.常见动词短语 come短语 come across偶然遇见,偶然发现 come out出版,发表;出现 come along出现,跟随;进展 come over来访,拜访 come on加油;快点 come true(梦想等)实现 come back回来;恢复 get短语 get up起床;起身;站起 get over从……中恢复;克服 get on进展;上(车、船等) get off下(车、船等);下班;(使)离开;(使)动身 get ready for为……做准备 get together相聚 give短语 give up放弃 give off发出(光、热等) give in屈服,让步 give away捐赠 give out分发 go短语 go off(警报器等)突发巨响;停止运作 go on继续 go away离开 go by从旁经过;时间流逝 go over仔细检查 go up上升;增长 go out出去;熄灭 go after追求,追赶 go down下降;倒下 have短语 have a look看一看 have a rest休息 have a cold感冒 have confidence in对……有信心 have(an)interest in对……感兴趣 keep短语 keep off使不接近,回避 keep in touch with和……保持联系 keep away from远离 keep up with赶上 keep on继续 keep out防止进入 look短语 look at看 look up查阅;向上看 look back回顾 look through浏览 look for寻找 look around环顾 look after照顾 look over查看,检查 make短语 make up组成;化妆;编造 make a decision作出决定 make the bed铺床 make a difference有作用;有影响 make a promise作出承诺 make friends with和……交朋友 put短语 put up张贴;搭建 put away把……收起来 put on穿上 put down写下;放下 put back放回(原处) put out熄灭 put off延迟;推迟 take短语 take off脱掉;起飞 take out取出,拿出 take up占据;学着做;开始做 take in吸收;吸入;吞入 take down拆除;往下拽;记下;记录 take away拿走,带走;解除;消除 take after(长相、举止或性格)像 take on呈现,具有(特征、外观等) take over接收,接管(企业、公司等) take back退回;收回,撤回(说过的话) think短语 think of想起,记得 think out认真考虑;想出 think over仔细考虑;慎重思考 think through充分考虑;全盘考虑;想透 think up想出;虚构 think back回想起 Don’t worry about me. I can     myself.  A. look at    B. look for    C. look out    D. look after [解析]句意:别担心我。我能照顾好我自己。look at“看”;look for“寻找”;look out“小心”;look after“照顾”。根据“Don’t worry about me.”可知,是能照顾好自己。 [答案]D 1.(2025·安徽)—Thanks a lot for yesterday. I had a good time visiting the ancient town. —It was my great pleasure to     with you.  A. hang out B. turn around C. look up D. eat in A  2.(2025·安徽)Paper⁃cutting is not easy to learn. It     much practice, patience and imagination.  A. explains B. supports C. provides D. requires 3.(2025·达州)—Now we need to come up with a plan to tell people about our book sales. —I think we could     sign.  A. put off B. put up C. put in B  D  4.(2025·达州)—When an earthquake hit Yinchuan’s Jinfeng District. Guo Qing, a high school student, helped a classmate who was disabled. —He is kind and brave. Everyone takes     in him.  A. pride B. proud C. similar A  6.(2025·武汉)—I love geography and my partner is good at math. —No wonder you two     the best school map design.  A. worked out B. looked for C. heard of D. put away 5.(2025·遂宁)—Helen,     the lights when you leave the room.  —OK, Mr. Smith. I got it. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down A  B  7.(2025·武汉)—Mr. Brown, I’ve     ideas. I can’t go on with my writing.   —Relax for a while. Inspiration may come to you later. A. looked back at B. run out of C. taken pride in D. come up with B  8.(2025·天津)The Whites like taking exercise, so they     every morning.  A. make a list B. lay the table C. make a mistake D. go for a walk D  9.(2025·福建)—I’d like to travel to Shandong. —Mount Taishan is a place of interest. You can’t     it.  A. miss B. reach C. change 10.(2025·福建)—How did you     the difficult math problem?  —With my teacher’s help. A. work out B. hear about C. give up A  A  $

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