内容正文:
Unit 3 词汇、短语和句型背记
一、核心词汇
英文单词
音标
中文释义
词性
备注(常见搭配/例句提示)
rainstorm
/ˈreɪnstɔːm/
暴风雨
n.
合成词,a heavy rainstorm(特大暴风雨)
alarm
/əˈlɑːm/
闹钟;警报
n.
set an alarm(设闹钟)、alarm goes off(闹钟响)
begin
/bɪˈɡɪn/
开始
v.
过去式began,过去分词begun,begin to do(开始做)
heavily
/ˈhevɪli/
大量地;猛烈地
adv.
rain heavily(下大雨)、snow heavily(下大雪)
suddenly
/ˈsʌdənli/
突然;忽然
adv.
修饰动词,suddenly rain(突然下雨)
strange
/streɪndʒ/
奇特的;奇怪的
adj.
strange noise(奇怪的声音)、strange man(陌生人)
storm
/stɔːm/
暴风雨
n.
比rainstorm更侧重“风暴”,thunderstorm(雷暴)
wind
/wɪnd/
风
n.
strong wind(大风)、windy(形容词,有风的)
light
/laɪt/
光;光线;光亮
n.
natural light(自然光)、turn on the light(开灯)
report
/rɪˈpɔːt/
报道;公布
v./n.
news report(新闻报道)、report sth.(报道某事)
area
/ˈeəriə/
地域;地区
n.
in the area(在这个地区)、rural area(农村地区)
wood
/wʊd/
木;木头
n.
不可数名词,a piece of wood(一块木头)
window
/ˈwɪndəʊ/
窗;窗户
n.
open the window(开窗)、clean the window(擦窗)
flashlight
/ˈflæʃlaɪt/
手电筒;火炬
n.
carry a flashlight(带手电筒)、turn on the flashlight(开手电筒)
match
/mætʃ/
火柴
n.
a box of matches(一盒火柴)、light a match(点燃火柴)
beat
/biːt/
敲打;打败
v.
过去式/过去分词beat,beat against(撞击)
against
/əˈɡenst/
倚;碰;撞
prep.
beat against the window(撞在窗户上)、lean against(靠着)
asleep
/əˈsliːp/
睡着的
adj.
作表语,fall asleep(入睡)、be fast asleep(睡得很沉)
rise
/raɪz/
升起;增加;提高
v.
过去式rose,过去分词risen,sun rise(日出)
fallen
/ˈfɔːlən/
倒下的;落下的
adj.
fallen trees(倒下的树)、fallen leaves(落叶)
apart
/əˈpɑːt/
分离;分开
adv.
break apart(破碎)、live apart(分居)
icy
/ˈaɪsi/
覆盖着冰的;冰冷的
adj.
icy roads(结冰的道路)、icy water(冰水)
kid
/kɪd/
开玩笑;欺骗
v.
kid sb.(开玩笑)、Don’t kid me(别骗我)
realize
/ˈriːəlaɪz/
理解;领会;认识到
v.
realize one’s mistake(意识到错误)、realize the truth(认清真相)
passage
/ˈpæsɪdʒ/
章节;段落
n.
read a passage(读一段)、a short passage(短文)
pupil
/ˈpjuːpl/
学生
n.
primary school pupil(小学生)
completely
/kəmˈpliːtli/
彻底地;完全地
adv.
completely shocked(彻底震惊)、completely wrong(完全错误)
shocked
/ʃɒkt/
惊愕的;受震惊的
adj.
be shocked at(对……感到震惊)
silence
/ˈsaɪləns/
沉默;缄默;无声
n.
in silence(沉默地)、break the silence(打破沉默)
recently
/ˈriːsntli/
不久前;最近
adv.
recently heard(最近听说)、recently moved(最近搬家)
terrorist
/ˈterərɪst/
恐怖主义者;恐怖分子
n.
复数terrorists
date
/deɪt/
日期;日子
n.
set a date(定日期)、birth date(出生日期)
tower
/ˈtaʊə/
塔;塔楼
n.
TV tower(电视塔)、Eiffel Tower(埃菲尔铁塔)
truth
/truːθ/
实情;事实
n.
tell the truth(说实话)、know the truth(知道真相)
二、重点短语
英文短语
中文释义
搭配/例句
go off
(闹钟)发出响声;爆炸
My alarm didn’t go off this morning, so I was late.(我的闹钟今早没响,所以我迟到了。)
pick up
接电话;捡起;拾起
She picked up the phone as soon as it rang.(电话一响她就接了。)
fall asleep
进入梦乡;睡着
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(他太累了,马上就睡着了。)
die down
逐渐变弱;逐渐消失
The wind died down at midnight.(午夜时分风渐渐停了。)
have a look
看一看
Can I have a look at your new book?(我能看看你的新书吗?)
make one’s way
前往;费力地前进
We made our way through the crowd to the stage.(我们挤过人群走向舞台。)
in silence
沉默;无声
They walked home in silence after the argument.(争吵后他们沉默地走回了家。)
take down
拆除;往下拽;记录
The old building will be taken down next month.(这栋老建筑下个月将被拆除。)
at first
首先;最初
At first I didn’t understand his words, then I realized.(起初我没懂他的话,后来才明白。)
beat against
撞击;敲打
The rain was beating heavily against the windows.(雨猛烈地撞在窗户上。)
break apart
破碎;分裂
The glass broke apart when it fell on the floor.(杯子掉在地上摔碎了。)
clean up
清理;打扫
After the storm, people joined to clean up the neighborhood.(暴风雨后,人们一起清理小区。)
三、核心句型
句型结构
中文释义
例句
备注(用法说明)
What were you doing at + 时间?
你在……时候正在做什么?
—What were you doing at eight last night? —I was watching TV.(—你昨晚八点在做什么?—我在看电视。)
询问过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作,用过去进行时
What was/were + 主语 + doing when …?
当……的时候,……正在做什么?
—What was she doing when the rainstorm came? —She was doing her homework.(—暴风雨来的时候她在做什么?—她在做作业。)
when引导短暂性动作,主句用过去进行时
While + 主语 + was/were doing …, 主语 + was/were doing …
当……正在做……的时候,……正在做……
While my mom was cooking, my dad was repairing the bike.(我妈妈做饭的时候,我爸爸在修自行车。)
while引导持续性动作,前后句均用过去进行时,表同时进行
When + 主语 + 一般过去时 …, 主语 + was/were doing …
当……发生的时候,……正在做……
When the accident happened, we were walking to school.(事故发生时,我们正在步行去上学。)
短暂性动作作时间状语,主句表持续进行的动作
It was + 时间点 + when …
当……的时候,时间是……
It was 7:00 a.m. when we started our trip.(我们出发的时候是早上七点。)
强调动作发生的具体时间
At the time of …, 主语 + was/were doing …
在……发生的时候,……正在做……
At the time of the fire, people were sleeping soundly.(火灾发生时,人们正在熟睡。)
用于描述重大事件发生时的场景
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