Unit 5 词汇复习讲义-2025-2026学年人教版七年级上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过分类表格系统梳理了核心短语和词性转换的知识体系，核心短语按食物类别、饮食习惯、点餐与喜好等功能分类，词性转换按名词可数不可数转换、动词系动词用法等规律分类，清晰呈现知识脉络与重难点内在联系。 讲义的亮点在于分层练习设计和规律迁移拓展，基础题短语翻译夯实记忆，提升题语境填空灵活运用，拓展题句型转换综合运用，培养学生语言能力和学习能力。举一反三拓展中，如名词变形容词规律迁移到luck→lucky等未学单词，培养思维品质。学生可自主迁移知识，教师据此实施精准分层教学，提升复习效率。

Unit 5 词汇复习讲义 班级：________ 小组：________ 姓名：________ 得分：________ 第一部分 核心短语精讲精练 一、知识点梳理（按功能分类，直击用法） 类别 核心短语 用法解析与注意事项 食物类别类 fruit salad / vegetable soup / beef noodles fried chicken / ice-cream / milk shake rice and beans / hamburger and fries 1. 不可数名词：fruit（泛指水果）、beef、milk、rice等，无复数，表数量用“数词+量词+of”（a bowl of rice, two glasses of milk）；2. 可数名词：hamburger→hamburgers、noodle→noodles（常用复数）、vegetable（表具体种类时可数）；3. 复合食物短语：多为“名词+名词”，前一个名词作定语，用单数（beef noodles, fruit salad） 饮食习惯类 have breakfast / lunch / dinner eat healthy food / have a balanced diet get up early to have meals drink milk every morning 1. 三餐前不加冠词（have breakfast，不用have a breakfast）；2. 具体某一餐前有修饰词时加a/an（have a big breakfast）；3. have与eat的区别：have可接三餐、饮料、固体食物，eat多接固体食物（eat rice，have milk）；4. balanced diet“均衡饮食”，healthy food“健康食物”，均为不可数 点餐与喜好类 would like sth / would like to do sth order food / take one's order favorite food / like...best 1. would like=want，语气更委婉，否定式would not like=wouldn't like；2. “would like to do sth” 表示“想要做某事”（I would like to eat noodles.）；3. order作动词“点餐”，作名词“订单”（take one's order“记下点单”）；4. favorite=like...best（My favorite food is fish. = I like fish best.） 味道与感受类 taste good / look delicious a little sweet / too salty feel full / be hungry 1. taste、look为系动词，后接形容词作表语（taste good，不用taste well）；2. a little修饰形容词/不可数名词（a little sweet，a little milk），too修饰形容词（too salty）；3. feel full“感到饱”，be hungry“饿了”，hungry的反义词是full 其他常用类 a lot of / lots of some / any a glass of / a bowl of / a plate of 1. a lot of=lots of，可修饰可数/不可数名词，多用于肯定句；2. some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句/疑问句，表请求建议时疑问句用some（Would you like some tea?）；3. 量词短语：“a+量词+of”，复数变量词（two bowls of noodles, three glasses of juice） 二、分层练习（基础→提升→拓展） （一）基础题：短语翻译（中英互译，夯实记忆） 1. 一碗牛肉面 ________________ 2. 吃健康的食物 ________________ 3. 想要一杯牛奶 ________________ 4. 最喜欢的食物 ________________ 5. 有点甜 ________________ 6. 吃晚餐 ________________ 7. order a fruit salad ________________ 8. have a balanced diet ________________ 9. two glasses of juice ________________ 10. taste delicious ________________ （二）提升题：短语填空（用所给短语的适当形式填空，每词限用一次） would like, have breakfast, a bowl of, lots of, favorite food, taste good, a little, too salty, would not like, some 1. My brother ________ to eat fish. He thinks fish is not delicious. 2. — What do you ________ for lunch? — I ________ a plate of fried chicken and a glass of milk. 3. We should eat ________ vegetables and fruit every day to keep healthy. 4. The soup is ________. You can't eat too much of it. 5. My ________ is dumplings. My mother makes them well. 6. — Would you like ________ noodles? — Yes, please. I want ________ beef noodles. 7. The cake ________. Everyone in the party likes it. 8. I usually ________ at 7:00 a.m. Then I go to school. 9. This apple is ________ sour, but I still like it. （三）拓展题：语境运用（根据句意补全短语，灵活运用） 1. — ________（你想要什么）to drink? — I ________（想要一杯果汁）. 2. We should ________（吃均衡的饮食）and ________（早睡早起）to keep fit. 3. The ________（蔬菜汤）my grandma makes ________（尝起来很好）. It's not ________（太咸）. 4. — Do you ________（最喜欢汉堡包）? — No, I don't. I like ________（米饭和豆类）best. 5. There are ________（很多水果）on the table. Would you like ________（一些草莓）? 三、举一反三拓展 【短语搭配拓展】“look” 相关短语可描述食物外观，补充常用搭配：look fresh（看起来新鲜）、look nice（看起来美味）、look bad（看起来变质）请用以上任意两个短语造句：① ________________ ② ________________ 【同义短语替换】 1.would like = want 想要 → 例：I would like some tea. = I want some tea. 2.a lot of = lots of 许多 → 例：There are a lot of apples on the tree. = There are lots of apples on the tree. 3.请将下列句子中的短语替换为同义短语：① She would like to order a hamburger. → ________________② There is lots of milk in the fridge. → ________________ 第二部分 词性转换精讲精练 一、知识点梳理（按规律分类，突破变形难点） （一）核心变形规律总结 变形类型 例词（Unit 5 重点） 规律总结 名词→可数/不可数转换 fruit（不可数，泛指）→ fruits（可数，具体种类）；food（不可数，泛指）→ foods（可数，具体种类）；fish（不可数，鱼肉）→ fishes（可数，鱼的种类） 1. 部分名词可可数可不可数，泛指类别时不可数，表具体种类时可数；2. 注意fish的特殊：表“鱼肉”不可数，表“鱼的数量”单复数同形（two fish两条鱼），表“种类”复数fishes 动词→系动词用法 taste（尝）→ taste（系动词，尝起来）；look（看）→ look（系动词，看起来）；feel（摸）→ feel（系动词，感觉） 1. 这类动词既可以作实义动词，也可以作系动词；2. 作系动词时，后接形容词作表语，不接副词（taste good√，taste well×）；3. 第三人称单数变化：taste→tastes，look→looks 形容词→副词 healthy→healthily; happy→happily; quick→quickly; slow→slowly 1. 一般形容词加ly（healthy→healthily，quick→quickly）；2. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i加ly（happy→happily）；3. 副词修饰动词，放动词后（eat healthily，walk slowly） 名词→形容词 health→healthy; taste→tasty; salt→salty; sugar→sweet 1. 名词加y变形容词（health→healthy，taste→tasty，salt→salty）；2. 部分名词本身可作形容词（sugar→sweet，sweet既可以作形容词“甜的”，也可以作名词“糖”）；3. 形容词修饰名词（healthy food，tasty noodles） （二）高频易错点提醒 1. 三餐前冠词使用：“吃早餐”是have breakfast，有修饰词时才加a（have a quick breakfast），不能说have the breakfast； 2. 系动词后接形容词：taste、look、feel等作系动词时，后接形容词（The food tastes delicious. 不是deliciously）； 3. some与any的用法：表请求、建议的疑问句用some（Can I have some bread?），不用any；否定句中用any（I don't have any milk.）； 4. 量词短语复数：变量词不变后面的名词（two bowls of rice，不是two bowl of rices）。 二、分层练习（基础→提升→拓展） （一）基础题：词形变化填空（直接变形，巩固规律） 1. We should eat ________（health）food and exercise every day to keep ________（health）. 2. The cake ________（taste）very ________（taste）. My sister likes it very much. 3. There are many different ________（fruit）on the table. I like these red ________（strawberry）best. 4. My mother cooks ________（salt）food, but I like ________（sweet）food better. 5. He eats ________（quick）and goes to school. His teacher tells him to eat ________（slow）. 6. There are three ________（fish）in the bowl. They are different ________（fish）. 7. She ________（look）happy because she gets her favorite ________（food）. 8. I need two ________（glass）of ________（juice）for the party. （二）提升题：语境选择（选择适当形式填空，灵活运用） 1. — Would you like ________（some / any）beef noodles? — Yes, please. And I want ________（a little / a few）tomatoes in them. 2. The soup ________（taste / tastes）too ________（salt / salty）. I don't like it. 3. There ________（is / are）lots of ________（food / foods）on the table. They are all delicious. 4. My father usually eats ________（quick / quickly）in the morning. He says he should eat ________（health / healthily）. 5. — What ________（does / do）your brother ________（like / likes）to eat? — He likes ________（fish / fishes）and rice. 6. The apples ________（look / looks）fresh. They ________（feel / feels）hard. 7. We need three ________（bowl / bowls）of ________（rice）for the family. 8. Eating ________（healthy / healthily）is important for our ________（health / healthy）. （三）拓展题：句型转换（根据要求改写句子，综合运用） 1. I would like a glass of milk.（改为复数句）→ We would like two ________ of ________. 2. The food tastes delicious.（对划线部分提问）→ ________ ________ the food ________? 3. She likes noodles best.（改为同义句）→ ________ ________ food is noodles. 4. There is some juice in the bottle.（改为否定句）→ There ________ ________ juice in the bottle. 5. He eats healthy food every day.（改为副词修饰动词的句子）→ He ________ ________ every day. 三、举一反三拓展 【规律迁移】根据Unit 5名词变形容词的规律，完成下列未学单词的变形： 1.luck（n. 运气）→ ________（adj. 幸运的）; sun（n. 太阳）→ ________（adj. 晴朗的）; wind（n. 风）→ ________（adj. 有风的） 2.请用以上形容词造句：① Today is a ________ day. We can go out for a picnic. ② He is ________ to get the first prize. 【短语搭配拓展】用词性转换后的单词搭配短语： 1.副词 + 动词：healthily + eat（健康饮食）→ slowly + eat（慢慢吃）→ ________ + ________（开心地吃） 2.形容词 + 名词：healthy + food（健康食物）→ tasty + noodles（美味的面条）→ ________ + ________（幸运的一天） 【答案】 第一部分 核心短语 （一）基础题 1.a bowl of beef noodles 2. eat healthy food 3. would like a glass of milk 4. favorite food 5. a little sweet 6. have dinner 7. 点一份水果沙拉 8. 吃均衡的饮食 9. 两杯果汁 10. 尝起来美味 （二）提升题 1. would not like（解析：根据后句“觉得鱼不好吃”，用would not like表示“不想要”） 2. would like; would like（解析：第一空“午餐想要什么”用would like；第二空“想要一份炸鸡”同样用would like，语气委婉） 3. lots of（解析：“吃很多蔬菜和水果”，lots of可修饰可数名词复数，符合语境） 4. too salty（解析：“汤太咸”，用too修饰形容词salty） 5. favorite food（解析：“最喜欢的食物是饺子”，用favorite food作主语） 6. some; a bowl of（解析：疑问句表请求用some；“一碗牛肉面”用a bowl of beef noodles） 7. tastes good（解析：主语the cake是单数，taste变tastes，后接形容词good） 8. have breakfast（解析：“通常早上7点吃早餐”，usually提示一般现在时，用原形） 9. a little（解析：“苹果有点酸”，用a little修饰形容词sour） （三）拓展题 1. What would you like; would like a glass of juice（解析：询问“想要什么喝的”用What would you like；“想要一杯果汁”用would like a glass of juice） 2. have a balanced diet; go to bed early and get up early（解析：“吃均衡的饮食”用have a balanced diet；“早睡早起”用go to bed early and get up early） 3. vegetable soup; tastes good; too salty（解析：“蔬菜汤”用vegetable soup；主语是单数，taste变tastes，后接good；“不太咸”用too salty的否定形式not too salty） 4. like hamburgers best; rice and beans（解析：“最喜欢汉堡包”用like...best；“米饭和豆类”用rice and beans，均为不可数名词） 5. lots of fruit; some strawberries（解析：“很多水果”用lots of fruit，fruit此处泛指；表请求的疑问句用some，strawberry变复数strawberries） 第二部分 词性转换 （一）基础题 1. healthy; healthy（解析：第一空修饰food用形容词healthy；第二空keep后接形容词healthy，表示“保持健康”） 2. tastes; tasty（解析：主语the cake是单数，taste变tastes；第二空用形容词tasty作表语，“尝起来美味”） 3. fruits; strawberries（解析：many different后接复数，fruit表具体种类用fruits；these后接strawberry的复数strawberries） 4. salty; sweet（解析：两空均修饰名词food，用形容词salty“咸的”和sweet“甜的”） 5. quickly; slowly（解析：两空均修饰动词eat，用副词quickly“快速地”和slowly“慢慢地”） 6. fish; fishes（解析：第一空“碗里有三条鱼”，表数量用fish；第二空“不同种类的鱼”用fishes） 7. looks; food（解析：主语she是单数，look变looks；favorite后接名词food，此处泛指食物） 8. glasses; juice（解析：two后接glass的复数glasses；juice是不可数名词，用原形） （二）提升题 1. some; a few（解析：疑问句表请求用some；tomatoes是可数名词复数，用a few修饰，a little修饰不可数名词） 2. tastes; salty（解析：主语the soup是单数，taste变tastes；too后接形容词salty“咸的”） 3. is; food（解析：food泛指食物时不可数，be动词用is） 4. quickly; healthily（解析：两空均修饰动词eat，用副词quickly和healthily） 5. does; like; fish（解析：主语your brother是单数，加助动词does，like用原形；fish此处指“鱼肉”，不可数用原形） 6. look; feel（解析：主语the apples是复数，look和feel均用原形） 7. bowls; rice（解析：three后接bowl的复数bowls；rice是不可数名词，用原形） 8. healthily; health（解析：第一空修饰动词eating用副词healthily；第二空our后接名词health） （三）拓展题 1. glasses; milk（解析：a glass变复数glasses，milk是不可数名词，用原形） 2. How does; taste（解析：对“尝起来怎么样”提问用How does...taste，主语the food是单数，加助动词does） 3. Her favorite（解析：like...best的同义表达是favorite，主语she对应形容词性物主代词her） 4. isn't any（解析：there be的否定句，is变isn't，some变any） 5. eats healthily（解析：healthy变副词healthily，修饰动词eats，主语he是单数，eat变eats） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $