专题18 阅读理解之议论文12篇（天津专用）（高考典例+热点话题练习）-2026届高考英语总复习

专题18 阅读理解之议论文12篇 (天津专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 哲理感悟,议论文 2 适中 哲理感悟,议论文 3 适中 哲理感悟,议论文,直接理解,逻辑推理,标题判断 4 适中 环境保护,环境污染,议论文,词义猜测,语意转化,目的意图,观点态度 5 适中 社会问题与社会现象,哲理感悟,议论文,词义猜测,语意转化,逻辑推理 6 适中 自然科学,科普知识 ,议论文 7 适中 社会问题与社会现象,议论文 8 适中 方法/策略,议论文,健康饮食 9 适中 议论文,当代教育问题 10 较难 语言与文化 ,社会问题与社会现象,议论文 11 适中 电影与戏剧,社会问题与社会现象,议论文 12 适中 电影与戏剧,方法/策略,议论文 【高考典例】 Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely draw up a rapid list of goods — money, friendship, a rewarding career, etc. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation (培养) and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either necessary conditions for happiness or were goods that came to virtuous people. If we’re comparing how happy various people’s lives are, it seems natural to look for certain goods, and compare who has more of them. Let’s imagine the lives of two actors, Toby and Ybot. Toby struggles to get work for many years, suffering all sorts of difficulties. He becomes a famous and wealthy actor, and wins an Oscar for his final movie before retiring. Ybot, however, wins an Oscar for his very first film role. But over time he becomes less famous and less well paid, and he begins to suffer difficulties. In the end, he retires as a nobody. These two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. Toby and Ybot both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. Yet most of us would think that the ordering of these goods does make a decisive difference to how we compare Toby and Ybot’s careers. Someone who climbs a mountain will experience more struggle than someone who gets carried to the peak by bus, but the climber will also have a sense of accomplishment the other person may well envy. In that sense, we might think Toby’s life is better because his highs seem more well-earned than Ybot’s do. But that’s not the whole story. The narrative (叙述) itself seems to make a difference. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. Where the story ends seems to matter in itself. We value happy endings, not just happy moments. This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis (假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order. The hypothesis suggests that our lives are not simply bags into which we stuff good things and bad things. The type of life — the narrative of that life-story — matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wondrous things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 1．What can be learned about Aristotle’s view on happiness? A．Goods contribute to happiness. B．Virtuous people may not be happy. C．Too many goods reduce happiness. D．Happy people care less about goods. 2．According to the author, what do both Toby and Ybot experience? A．They start from a humble beginning. B．They reach the same height in career. C．They recover from the same sufferings. D．They retire with honour from the film industry. 3．What does the author try to convey with the example of mountain climbing? A．Easy success is often envied. B．There are various paths to success. C．Fierce struggle is vital to success. D．Hard-earned success is treasured more. 4．In writing Paragraph 4, the author tries to________. A．introduce another topic B．draw a conclusion C．further an argument D．provide new evidence 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．To Shape Your Life with Good Deeds. B．Defining the Shape of a Good Life. C．The Essential Components of Good Life. D．How We Can Have a Good Shape of Life. Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives. Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships. What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world. The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, the car can’t move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life. With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness. 1．What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us? A．Making us simple-minded B．Making us short-sighted. C．Leading us onto a busy road. D．Keeping us from comfort and luxury. 2．According to the author, how can one gain true happiness? A．Through maintaining good health. B．By going through pain and suffering. C．By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D．Through offering help much needed by others. 3．According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________. A．less selfish B．less annoying C．more motivated D．more responsible 4．In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results? A．When we have wrong knowledge of the world. B．When our love for the world is insufficient. C．When we are insensitive to dangers in life. D．When we stay blind to the reality. 5．According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________. A．inspired by love and guided by knowledge B．directed by love and pushed by knowledge C．purified by love and enriched by knowledge D．promoted by love and defined by knowledge There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit." These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 1．To become a specialist, one may have to_____. A．narrow his range of knowledge B．avoid responsibilities at work C．know more about the society D．broaden his perspective on life 2．The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______. A．treasure their freedom B．travel around the world C．spend most time working D．enjoy meeting funny people 3．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____. A．is fully aware of his talent and ability B．is a pure specialist in medicine C．should love poetry and philosophy D．brings knowledge of other fields to work 4．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A．Passion alone does not ensure a person's success. B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D．Ways to Become a Generalist 【热点话题练习】 Although the shortcomings of the world’s dependence on plastics are all too obvious, the benefits they provide are all too easily ignored. Materials made from plastics are lighter, and cheaper and easier to produce. These materials have become vital in everything from building to car making. Plastics have also eased the world’s dependence on older materials, and on the living beings, from which many of them came. There are perhaps 10 million pianos in the world. If all the white keys were made of ivory, how many elephants would remain? Just as the benefits of plastics are often unseen, however, so are some potential harms. Now there is growing concern about what happens when they break up into micro pieces invisible to the eye. In the past decade such “microplastics” have been found in food chains, in human brains and even in the snow of Antarctica. To deal with the plastics pollution, the best approach is not to ban plastics, but to manage them more carefully. Better recycling technologies, now under development, are one part of the answer. The percentage of plastics which end up being recycled has doubled in the past two decades, but it is still only 9%. This is not because people do not care about the planet. It is because recycling is harder and more costly than most people realise. Greater use should therefore be made of landfill. When properly managed and well monitored, this is far less environmentally ruinous than often believed, and can be simpler and more effective. It also sidesteps the risk that plastics sent across the world for recycling will be dumped (倾倒) or burned. Incinerator (焚烧炉), which can both produce energy and allow the resulting carbon to be trapped, are a useful choice too, though they are also unpopular. Fortnum,a Finnish company, has found a way to turn the hydrocarbons (烃) back into plastic materials. Such innovation should be built on. When it comes to plastics, the benefits are very much greater than most people will allow — and so is the potential for managing the costs. 1．Why does the author mention the example of piano keys in paragraph 1? A．To argue that pianos should only be made from plastics. B．To stress the environmental benefits of using plastics. C．To show how plastic materials have replaced natural resources. D．To explain the environmental impact of using traditional materials. 2．What is the main reason for the low rate of plastic recycling? A．The risks caused by recycling. B．The undeveloped recycling technology. C．The difficulty and high cost of recycling. D．People’s lack of concern for the environment. 3．What does the underlined word “sidestep” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Increases. B．Encourages. C．Represents. D．Avoids. 4．According to the author, what is the key factor that makes landfill a recommended option for plastic waste management? A．Its ability to generate clean energy efficiently. B．Its role in promoting global recycling industries. C．Its low cost and simplicity when properly managed. D．Its popularity among environmentalists and the public. 5．What is the author’s overall attitude toward the future of plastic management? A．Hopeless. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. “A lie is halfway around the world before the truth has got its boots on.” It’s a well-known saying. But a more accurate version would be: “A confidently told lie is halfway around the world before the truth has got its boots on.” Because basically, we humans are far more likely to accept and believe information delivered confidently. By a confident person, or by a source using confident language, etc. When two or more people are involved in a decision-making process where they know different things, confidently expressed arguments are perceived as delivering better information, which determines the decision. And as the modern world has shown us repeatedly, this regularly leads to undesirable outcomes. Why would this tendency come about? Well, humans are highly gregarious, and during our evolutionary (进化的) development, most of our information about the world came from other people. So, if ancient humans heard someone confidently declare “There’s a tiger coming”, instinctively (本能地) believing them was a valuable survival skill. Confidently delivered information may be more persuasive, but that doesn’t mean it’s correct, even if the confident person genuinely believes it is. We’ve all met someone who confidently lectures others on how the world works, despite being wrong about literally everything. It’s the Dunning-Kruger effect, where people with low ability/ experience/ knowledge about something often significantly overestimate their abilities/ expertise regarding it. This is because the ability to recognize your intellectual limits requires sufficient intelligence. Lacking that, you won’t question your (limited) understanding, so you can mouth laughable nonsense with total confidence. We live in a highly interconnected, increasingly complex society, where countless people and worldviews end up overlapping (重叠) constantly. So, someone who is objectively, unquestionably wrong, but still unshakably confident can end up convincing many others that they’re right. Left unchecked, it can end up with individuals with no abilities beyond unshakeable confidence being put in charge. And that won’t end well for anyone. 1．What tendency is presented about humans in the first two paragraphs? A．Hating bad results much. B．Believing lies too easily. C．Trusting confident statements. D．Lacking decision-making skills. 2．What does the underlined word “gregarious” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Sensitive. B．Competitive. C．Ignorant. D．Social. 3．Why do some people fall into the Dunning-Kruger effect? A．They aren’t wise enough. B．They are hard to persuade. C．They aren’t questioned by experts. D．They are afraid of admitting mistakes. 4．In what tone is the last paragraph written? A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Enthusiastic. D．Concerned. 5．Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the text? A．Confident people are always right. B．Confidence always leads to positive outcomes. C．Confidence can mislead people. D．Lies are easier to detect than truths. There are hundreds of personality quizzes online that assert they can ascertain whether the right or left half of your brain is dominant. Left-brained people are supposedly logical and excel at language and math while right-brained people are more imaginative, emotionally intelligent and skilled with spatial reasoning. There’s just one problem: That’s not how brains work. Popular science enthusiasts sort of took this idea and ran with it, and it’s become woven in popular culture now, and it’s not going away. Despite this enduring belief, there’s no such thing as being “right-brained” or “left-brained”. Whether you’re someone who tends more towards creativity or logic has nothing to do with one hemisphere of your brain being dominant over the other. But the actual science of how the two halves of our brains work together is sometimes stranger than fiction. The human brain is divided into two hemispheres, the left and right. In all vertebrate (脊椎的) animals, the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and vice versa. And scientists have long known, thanks to the behaviors of patients who suffered brain injuries, that different areas of the brain do different things. But many scientists struggled with this idea, because the very suggestion that the left and right halves of the brain operate differently disrupted the idea that nature tends toward perfect symmetry. Work by neuroscientists (神经科学家) has revealed the importance of different hemispheres of the brain for different activities. However, their research quickly saw some misinterpretations in the general public: Some presumed creative people must be right-brained and logical people left-brained. It is proven that not only is personality unrelated to the different halves of the brain, but people aren’t really right or left-brained to begin with. The idea that we have left-dominant people and right-dominant people, and that this is related to personality, is categorically false. That’s never been supported in the neuroscience community. Neuroscientists don’t believe that and never have. What scientists learned is that there are really important differences between the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. It’s just that they have nothing to do with personality or whether cognitive strategy is more logical or free spirited or creative. While researchers have shown the limitations of how the hemispheres of our brains influence our lives, it’s not difficult to understand the appeal of such ideas. People are endlessly fascinated by themselves and their friends, and the subtle differences in how people think about the world are really meaningful to them. When you come up with an online quiz that tells us something about ourselves, we’re drawn to that. It’s irresistible. But you have to take it with an enormous grain of salt. 1．What do numerous personality quizzes online claim they are able to do? A．Distinguish between the two hemispheres of one’s brain. B．Determine whether one is left-brained or right-brained. C．Tell if one is more of a linguist or of a mathematician. D．Ascertain how one’s brain performs different tasks. 2．What does the author say is sometimes stranger than fiction? A．How one hemisphere of the brain impacts creativity. B．How the two halves of our brains work alternatively. C．How the two hemispheres of our brains cooperate. D．How one half of the brain dominates the other. 3．Why did many scientists have difficulty endorsing the idea that different areas of the brain do different things? A．It contradicts the assumption that the two hemispheres of the brain are symmetrical. B．It dismisses the view that the universe has been evolving in a consistent manner. C．It is in conflict with the suggestion that the left and right halves of the brain work together. D．It disrupts the idea that the right hemisphere of the brain controls the left side of the body. 4．What belief have neuroscientists long rejected according to the passage? A．There are left-dominant people and right-dominant people with different personalities. B．There are noticeable differences between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. C．One’s personality is hardly related to the different halves of the brain. D．Different areas of the brain are responsible for different activities. 5．What are we advised to do with an online quiz that tells us something about ourselves? A．Follow its judgement. B．Scrutinize its originality. C．Evaluate its popularity. D．Question its reliability. While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 1．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A．Cars often get stuck on the road. B．Traffic accidents occur frequently. C．People walk less and drive more. D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 2．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A．Keep their cities livable. B．Promote cultural diversity. C．Help the needy families. D．Make expressways accessible. 3．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A．They boosted the sales of cars. B．They turned out largely ineffective. C．They won government support. D．They advocated building new parks. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why the Rush? B．What’s Next? C．Where to Stay? D．Who to Blame? 5．What does the author imply about the high rate of car ownership in Australia? A．It has reduced the cost of road construction. B．It reflects the success of road network expansion. C．It has worsened the problem of pedestrian mobility. D．It meets the growing travel needs of local families. When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 1．What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A．She is upset by her kids’ weight. B．She is critical of the way she was fed. C．She is interested in making food. D．She is particular about what she eats. 2．Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A．Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B．Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C．Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D．Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 3．What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A．Make diet decisions on their own. B．Share their food with other kids. C．Eat up what is provided for them. D．Help their parents do the dishes. 4．Why does Markey emphasize that “feeding is a long game”? A．Kids need time to develop healthy eating habits independently. B．Parents should spend long hours preparing healthy food. C．It takes years to correct kids’ bad eating behaviors. D．The effect of food choices on health is not immediate. 5．What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A．Costly. B．Complex. C．Workable. D．Contradictory. The debate surrounding the ideal approach to education has been ongoing for many years. One suggestion that often arises is the inclusion of unpaid community service as a compulsory component of high school programs. In reality, a significant number of students, including those in college, already engage in charitable work, community service, and internships (实习) prior to graduation. Personally, I am totally in favor of it. Participating in volunteer activities offers students numerous benefits, particularly in terms of improved social relationships. Engaging in these services provides graduating students with valuable experiences that help prepare them for the challenges they will encounter in society at a young age. Charities may teach students how to help the needy and spread warmth without the form of money. Activities such as helping neighbors or mentoring younger pupils are practical ways to enhance social acceptability, as they encourage greater communication and interaction with others. Additionally, involvement in these programs encourages students to make more meaningful use of their time, promoting outdoor activities that contribute to their overall well-being. Rather than spending excessive time at home playing video games or chatting online, students can dedicate their time to helping others. Moreover, unpaid school programs can address various issues commonly faced by young individuals. A previous study conducted in the United States revealed a significant reduction in the juvenile (未成年的) crime rate, specifically from 11.6% to 6.3% around the year 2015. Fear, anxiety, and loneliness are prevalent among youths who may feel rejected by society. However, successful completion of community service teaches a sense of accomplishment, promoting communication skills and developing self-confidence. These aspects play a crucial role in transforming young individuals into responsible and productive members of society. Overall, unpaid programs for school students are the key parts to shape students’ worldviews before they step into society. It is a challenging decision for the government, but it is undeniably a win-win situation for both students and communities. By actively participating in unpaid community service, students acquire essential life skills, enhance their social connections, contribute to the improvement of society, and lay a strong foundation for their personal and professional growth. It is an approach that holds enormous potential and should be given serious consideration in the field of education. 1．What is the topic of the ongoing debate mentioned in the passage? A．The importance of extracurricular activities in education. B．The inclusion of unpaid community service in high school. C．The existing involvement of students in internships. D．The effectiveness of college internships. 2．Participating in volunteer activities help graduating students with ________. A．acquiring job opportunities B．improving their financial status C．enhancing their physical fitness D．preparing for challenges in society 3．What effect did unpaid community work have on students, according to a previous study? A．It lowered the juvenile crime rate. B．It placed financial burdens on students. C．It improved students’ study performance. D．It promoted excessive video game playing. 4．What message does the last paragraph convey? A．The importance of unpaid community services in shaping students’ worldviews. B．The advantages and disadvantages of unpaid community services. C．The challenges in carrying out unpaid community services. D．The potential of unpaid community services in education. 5．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To persuade readers to participate in unpaid community services. B．To illustrate the education system with unpaid community services. C．To explain the benefits of unpaid community services to the readers. D．To share the author’ personal experience with unpaid community services. For some readers, a dictionary opens up a world. Dictionaries contain multiple pleasures, such as settling word-game wars by turning actual pages. For the rest, a dictionary is either outdated or strictly online. In 2012, Encyclopaedia Britannica stopped printing new editions, going digital-only. In his book, Unabridged: The Thrill of (and Threat to) the Modern Dictionary, American journalist Stefan Fatsis writes of the shift brought about by our decade-old dependence on search engines: “Definitions, good and bad, were a click away, and most people didn’t care or couldn’t tell which was which: expert research, scraped data, zombie (僵尸) websites, whatever popped up in a search.” When I was a child, I loved dictionaries, and so did every sensible parent in Calcutta. If your child was literate, one of the 20 volumes of the Oxford English Dictionary or an illustrated Collins was the surest way to keep them happily occupied, setting them off on hunts for lost or forgotten words. Fatsis sees dictionary-making as “a human endeavor stretching back to the third millennium BCE”. From the Akkadians to Sanskrit scholars, what dictionary makers hoped to do went far beyond the already tricky task of writing definitions: their job was to explain and track “the endless shifts in language”. Change is inevitable, though Fatsis also asks what we lose in the name of convenience. He writes, “the job of the dictionary was firmly established... By the time I finished this book, it wasn’t clear how much longer flesh-bone-and-blood lexicographers (词典编纂者) would be needed to document the march of the English language. Between traditional search engines and AI-enhanced search through LLMs (large language models), the way we look up words, and find meaning in language itself, has changed.” We can’t claim that humanity still needs physical dictionaries. Like encyclopedias and atlases (地图册), the best of them have long moved online. Indeed, the starting points of most search engines were the encyclopedias and dictionaries compiled (编纂) by experts. But I plan to hold on to my beloved, dog-eared physical dictionaries — such priceless time capsules, one of the last paradises of freedom from the endless scroll of digital content. 1．What’s the primary factor that has reduced people’s reliance on physical dictionaries? A．The economic unsustainability of print media as a whole. B．The effortless access to definitions provided by search engines. C．The public’s growing lack of concern for linguistic precision. D．The strategic decision by publishers to phase out printed editions. 2．Why does the author mention “zombie websites” in the quote from Stefan Fatsis? A．To criticize the low quality of content on some online platforms. B．To illustrate misinformation can be mistaken for credible sources in digital searches. C．To emphasize the technical challenges of maintaining up-to-date digital records. D．To highlight the cost of keeping outdated websites running online. 3．What conclusion can be drawn about the future role of human lexicographers based on Fatsis’s concern? A．They will need to handle much more language data. B．Their expertise will continue to be indispensable. C．Their traditional role may be threatened. D．They must learn to work with AI and computers. 4．Why does the author stick to physical dictionaries? A．They boost long-term memory. B．They last longer than digital files. C．They offer an escape from screens. D．They give more authoritative definitions. 5．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Word in Favor of Physical Dictionaries B．The Dictionary Debate: Physical VS. Digital C．A Best-seller on the Theme of Change D．The Pleasure of Flipping Through a Dictionary As someone closely involved in the fashion tech industry, I’ve watched the growth of the Chinese short drama from its early days. Chinese short dramas — also known as “vertical shorts” or “mini TV series” — are becoming more popular in the global market. By the end of February 2024, the US emerged as a key market for these dramas. According to Sensor Tower, a mobile application data analysis company, Chinese platforms like ReelShort, DramaBox and GoodShort generated 69, 57 and 66 percent of their total earnings from the US market, respectively. Despite their market potential, Chinese short dramas still face challenges in global expansion, including cultural differences and language barriers. Here are some strategies I believe could help them succeed in Western markets. First, they need to localize their content more effectively. This means working with native speakers and professionals from the target country. I’ve encountered many translated scripts (剧本) that lack natural expressions and logical flow, often the result of machine translation. Additionally, since most Chinese short dramas are aimed at women, it’s essential to involve more women writers, directors and producers. With a growing audience of women over 35, it’s important to show women in leadership roles and tell stories that reflect their real-life experiences and ambitions, avoiding cliched (老套的) Cinderella-style rescue stories. Short dramas can also attract more young audiences by partnering with fashion and lifestyle brands. Compared to traditional films that rely on ticket sales and product placement, Chinese short dramas use a pay-to-view model, allowing investors to see significant returns. I’ve noticed that overseas audiences are often willing to spend $40 —100 (about 292 — 730 yuan) to watch high-quality series on their mobile devices. These platforms serve people who enjoy watching content during daily travel or in their free time. With younger generations using social media more for entertainment, this trend is likely to grow, making short dramas a smart and long-term investment. I also believe AI will play a crucial role in expanding short drama story ideas. AI can assist with pre-production, planning and scheduling, which is especially valuable for low-budget projects. Generative AI can create backgrounds, impressive wide-angle scenes with crowds and special effects, starting a new era of digital content creation that crosses borders. While challenges remain, they also present opportunities for investors seeking high returns. By strengthening international collaboration (合作), promoting cultural exchange and using up AI technology to come up with new kinds of stories, I believe Chinese short dramas can succeed in overseas markets. 1．What challenge do Chinese short dramas face in global markets? A．High production expenses. B．Culture and language barriers. C．Outdated marketing strategies. D．Limited interest in their content. 2．Why does the author emphasize the involvement of women creators in short dramas? A．To attract new age groups. B．To ensure diverse storytelling. C．To meet the target audience’s needs. D．To balance the gender ratio of creators. 3．How do short dramas profit differently from traditional films? A．By selling branded merchandise. B．By charging a pay-to-view fee. C．By partnering with fashion brands. D．By relying on mobile advertisements. 4．According to the author, what role does AI play in short drama production? A．Improving script translations. B．Adding more entertainment elements. C．Designing characters and costumes. D．Enhancing story creation and special effects. 5．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Strategies for Short Drama to succeed in Western Markets B．Rise of Chinese Short Dramas in the Western markets C．AI: Key to Short Drama’s Success in Foreign Markets D．Short Dramas: Global Achievements & Obstacles As someone closely involved in the fashion tech industry, I’ve watched the growth of the Chinese short drama from its early days. Chinese short dramas-also known as “vertical shorts” or “mini TV series” — are becoming more popular in the global market. By the end of February 2024, the US emerged as a key market for these dramas. According to Sensor Tower, a mobile application data analysis company, Chinese platforms like ReelShort, DramaBox and GoodShort generated 69, 57 and 66 percent of their total earnings from the US market, respectively. Despite their market potential, Chinese short dramas still face challenges in global expansion, including cultural differences and language barriers. Here are some strategies I believe could help them succeed in Western markets. First, they need to localize their content more effectively. This means working with native speakers and professionals from the target country. I’ve encountered many translated scripts (剧本) that lack natural expressions and logical flow, often the result of machine translation. Additionally, since most Chinese short dramas are aimed at women, it’s essential to involve more women writers, directors and producers. With a growing audience of women over 35, it’s important to show women in leadership roles and tell stories that reflect their real-life experiences and ambitions, avoiding cliched (老套的) Cinderella-style rescue stories. Short dramas can also attract more young audiences by partnering with fashion and lifestyle brands. Compared to traditional films that rely on ticket sales and product placement, Chinese short dramas use a pay-to-view model, allowing investors to see significant returns. I’ve noticed that overseas audiences are often willing to spend $40 —100 (about 292 — 730 yuan) to watch high-quality series on their mobile devices. These platforms serve people who enjoy watching content during daily travel or in their free time. With younger generations using social media more for entertainment, this trend is likely to grow, making short dramas a smart and long-term investment. I also believe AI will play a crucial role in expanding short drama story ideas. AI can assist with pre-production, planning and scheduling, which is especially valuable for low-budget projects. Generative AI can create backgrounds, impressive wide-angle scenes with crowds and special effects, starting a new era of digital content creation that crosses borders. While challenges remain, they also present opportunities for investors seeking high returns. By strengthening international collaboration (合作), promoting cultural exchange and using up AI technology to come up with new kinds of stories, I believe Chinese short dramas can succeed in overseas markets. 1．What challenge do Chinese short dramas face in global markets? A．High production expenses. B．Culture and language barriers. C．Outdated marketing strategies. D．Limited interest in their content. 2．Why does the author emphasize the involvement of women creators in short dramas? A．To attract new age groups. B．To ensure diverse storytelling. C．To meet the target audience’s needs. D．To balance the gender ratio of creators. 3．How do short dramas profit differently from traditional films? A．By selling branded merchandise. B．By charging a pay-to-view fee. C．By partnering with fashion brands. D．By relying on mobile advertisements. 4．According to the author, what role does AI play in short drama production? A．Improving script translations. B．Adding more entertainment elements. C．Designing characters and costumes. D．Enhancing story creation and special effects. 5．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Strategies for Short Drama to succeed in Western Markets B．Rise of Chinese Short Dramas in the Western markets C．AI: Key to Short Drama’s Success in Foreign Markets D．Short Dramas: Global Achievements & Obstacles 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题18 阅读理解之议论文12篇 (天津专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 哲理感悟,议论文 2 适中 哲理感悟,议论文 3 适中 哲理感悟,议论文,直接理解,逻辑推理,标题判断 4 适中 环境保护,环境污染,议论文,词义猜测,语意转化,目的意图,观点态度 5 适中 社会问题与社会现象,哲理感悟,议论文,词义猜测,语意转化,逻辑推理 6 适中 自然科学,科普知识 ,议论文 7 适中 社会问题与社会现象,议论文 8 适中 方法/策略,议论文,健康饮食 9 适中 议论文,当代教育问题 10 较难 语言与文化 ,社会问题与社会现象,议论文 11 适中 电影与戏剧,社会问题与社会现象,议论文 12 适中 电影与戏剧,方法/策略,议论文 【高考典例】 Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely draw up a rapid list of goods — money, friendship, a rewarding career, etc. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation (培养) and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either necessary conditions for happiness or were goods that came to virtuous people. If we’re comparing how happy various people’s lives are, it seems natural to look for certain goods, and compare who has more of them. Let’s imagine the lives of two actors, Toby and Ybot. Toby struggles to get work for many years, suffering all sorts of difficulties. He becomes a famous and wealthy actor, and wins an Oscar for his final movie before retiring. Ybot, however, wins an Oscar for his very first film role. But over time he becomes less famous and less well paid, and he begins to suffer difficulties. In the end, he retires as a nobody. These two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. Toby and Ybot both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. Yet most of us would think that the ordering of these goods does make a decisive difference to how we compare Toby and Ybot’s careers. Someone who climbs a mountain will experience more struggle than someone who gets carried to the peak by bus, but the climber will also have a sense of accomplishment the other person may well envy. In that sense, we might think Toby’s life is better because his highs seem more well-earned than Ybot’s do. But that’s not the whole story. The narrative (叙述) itself seems to make a difference. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. Where the story ends seems to matter in itself. We value happy endings, not just happy moments. This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis (假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order. The hypothesis suggests that our lives are not simply bags into which we stuff good things and bad things. The type of life — the narrative of that life-story — matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wondrous things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 1．What can be learned about Aristotle’s view on happiness? A．Goods contribute to happiness. B．Virtuous people may not be happy. C．Too many goods reduce happiness. D．Happy people care less about goods. 2．According to the author, what do both Toby and Ybot experience? A．They start from a humble beginning. B．They reach the same height in career. C．They recover from the same sufferings. D．They retire with honour from the film industry. 3．What does the author try to convey with the example of mountain climbing? A．Easy success is often envied. B．There are various paths to success. C．Fierce struggle is vital to success. D．Hard-earned success is treasured more. 4．In writing Paragraph 4, the author tries to________. A．introduce another topic B．draw a conclusion C．further an argument D．provide new evidence 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．To Shape Your Life with Good Deeds. B．Defining the Shape of a Good Life. C．The Essential Components of Good Life. D．How We Can Have a Good Shape of Life. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了何为“美好生活”，指出美好生活不仅关乎经历的内容，还关乎经历的顺序（即生活的“形态”）。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation (培养) and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either necessary conditions for happiness or were goods that came to virtuous people.(即使是亚里士多德，他也认为幸福的关键在于美德的培养和锻炼，但他仍然认为某些物品要么是幸福的必要条件，要么是美德之人所能获得的物品)”可知，亚里士多德认为某些物品对幸福是必要的，或者美德之人会获得这些物品，即物品有助于幸福。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Toby struggles to get work for many years, suffering all sorts of difficulties. He becomes a famous and wealthy actor, and wins an Oscar for his final movie before retiring. Ybot, however, wins an Oscar for his very first film role.(托比多年来一直在努力找工作，经历了各种各样的困难。他成为了一名著名而富有的演员，并在退休前的最后一部电影中获得了奥斯卡奖。然而，伊博特凭借他的第一部电影角色赢得了奥斯卡奖)”以及第三段“These two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. Toby and Ybot both seem to lead lives of equal net worth.(这两位演员的人生，就像他们的名字一样，是互为镜像的存在。托比和伊博特的人生净值似乎不相上下)”可知，两人都获得了奥斯卡奖，达到了职业生涯的顶峰，即他们在事业上达到了相同的高度。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Someone who climbs a mountain will experience more struggle than someone who gets carried to the peak by bus, but the climber will also have a sense of accomplishment the other person may well envy. In that sense, we might think Toby’s life is better because his highs seem more well-earned than Ybot’s do.(爬山的人比坐公交车到山顶的人会经历更多的挣扎，但爬山的人也会有一种成就感，这是另一个人可能会羡慕的。从这个意义上说，我们可能会认为托比的生活更好，因为他的高峰似乎比伊博特的更值得)”可知，作者通过爬山的例子试图传达的是：辛苦得来的成功更受珍视。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But that’s not the whole story. The narrative (叙述) itself seems to make a difference.(但这并不是全部。叙述本身似乎也有影响)”以及“Where the story ends seems to matter in itself.(故事的结局本身很重要)”并结合后文对生活叙述顺序的讨论可知，作者在写第四段是试图进一步论证前文提出的“生活形态”假说，即生活的叙述顺序也很重要。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中“This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis (假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order.(这种直接的判断体现在所谓的“生活形态”假说中。从这个观点来看，过上美好的生活不仅仅是拥有正确的经历或生活事件，而是以正确的顺序拥有它们)”可知，文章主要讨论了何为“美好生活”的形态，即美好生活不仅关乎经历的内容，还关乎经历的顺序。因此，B选项“Defining the Shape of a Good Life(定义美好生活的形态)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选B。 Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives. Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships. What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world. The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, the car can’t move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life. With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness. 1．What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us? A．Making us simple-minded B．Making us short-sighted. C．Leading us onto a busy road. D．Keeping us from comfort and luxury. 2．According to the author, how can one gain true happiness? A．Through maintaining good health. B．By going through pain and suffering. C．By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D．Through offering help much needed by others. 3．According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________. A．less selfish B．less annoying C．more motivated D．more responsible 4．In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results? A．When we have wrong knowledge of the world. B．When our love for the world is insufficient. C．When we are insensitive to dangers in life. D．When we stay blind to the reality. 5．According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________. A．inspired by love and guided by knowledge B．directed by love and pushed by knowledge C．purified by love and enriched by knowledge D．promoted by love and defined by knowledge 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生而有益。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的事情，而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做某件事，做事越有动力。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.(虚假的知识比无知更危险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结局。故选A项。 5．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。 There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit." These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 1．To become a specialist, one may have to_____. A．narrow his range of knowledge B．avoid responsibilities at work C．know more about the society D．broaden his perspective on life 2．The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______. A．treasure their freedom B．travel around the world C．spend most time working D．enjoy meeting funny people 3．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____. A．is fully aware of his talent and ability B．is a pure specialist in medicine C．should love poetry and philosophy D．brings knowledge of other fields to work 4．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A．Passion alone does not ensure a person's success. B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D．Ways to Become a Generalist 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．A 【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。 1．推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.（成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）”根据“know … about less and less”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。 2．细节理解题。第三段中提到“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. …These specialists could work at the office until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。 4．推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出Toni的例子“My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选A。 【热点话题练习】 Although the shortcomings of the world’s dependence on plastics are all too obvious, the benefits they provide are all too easily ignored. Materials made from plastics are lighter, and cheaper and easier to produce. These materials have become vital in everything from building to car making. Plastics have also eased the world’s dependence on older materials, and on the living beings, from which many of them came. There are perhaps 10 million pianos in the world. If all the white keys were made of ivory, how many elephants would remain? Just as the benefits of plastics are often unseen, however, so are some potential harms. Now there is growing concern about what happens when they break up into micro pieces invisible to the eye. In the past decade such “microplastics” have been found in food chains, in human brains and even in the snow of Antarctica. To deal with the plastics pollution, the best approach is not to ban plastics, but to manage them more carefully. Better recycling technologies, now under development, are one part of the answer. The percentage of plastics which end up being recycled has doubled in the past two decades, but it is still only 9%. This is not because people do not care about the planet. It is because recycling is harder and more costly than most people realise. Greater use should therefore be made of landfill. When properly managed and well monitored, this is far less environmentally ruinous than often believed, and can be simpler and more effective. It also sidesteps the risk that plastics sent across the world for recycling will be dumped (倾倒) or burned. Incinerator (焚烧炉), which can both produce energy and allow the resulting carbon to be trapped, are a useful choice too, though they are also unpopular. Fortnum,a Finnish company, has found a way to turn the hydrocarbons (烃) back into plastic materials. Such innovation should be built on. When it comes to plastics, the benefits are very much greater than most people will allow — and so is the potential for managing the costs. 1．Why does the author mention the example of piano keys in paragraph 1? A．To argue that pianos should only be made from plastics. B．To stress the environmental benefits of using plastics. C．To show how plastic materials have replaced natural resources. D．To explain the environmental impact of using traditional materials. 2．What is the main reason for the low rate of plastic recycling? A．The risks caused by recycling. B．The undeveloped recycling technology. C．The difficulty and high cost of recycling. D．People’s lack of concern for the environment. 3．What does the underlined word “sidestep” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Increases. B．Encourages. C．Represents. D．Avoids. 4．According to the author, what is the key factor that makes landfill a recommended option for plastic waste management? A．Its ability to generate clean energy efficiently. B．Its role in promoting global recycling industries. C．Its low cost and simplicity when properly managed. D．Its popularity among environmentalists and the public. 5．What is the author’s overall attitude toward the future of plastic management? A．Hopeless. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章分析了塑料依赖的显著弊端与易被忽视的益处，聚焦微塑料带来的潜在危害，进而提出塑料污染的应对策略，并强调塑料管理的潜力与价值。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Plastics have also eased the world’s dependence on older materials, and on the living beings, from which many of them came. There are perhaps 10 million pianos in the world. If all the white keys were made of ivory, how many elephants would remain? (塑料还减轻了世界对传统材料以及许多传统材料来源生物的依赖。世界上大约有1000万台钢琴。如果所有的白键都用象牙制成，还会剩下多少头大象？)”可知，作者以钢琴白键为例，通过对比象牙与塑料的使用，凸显塑料在保护生物、减少对自然资源依赖方面的环境益处。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“This is not because people do not care about the planet. It is because recycling is harder and more costly than most people realise. (这并不是因为人们不关心地球。而是因为回收比大多数人意识到的更困难、成本更高。)”可知，塑料回收率低的主要原因是回收工作的难度大且成本高。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Greater use should therefore be made of landfill. When properly managed and well monitored, this is far less environmentally ruinous than often believed, and can be simpler and more effective. It also sidesteps the risk that plastics sent across the world for recycling will be dumped or burned. (因此，应该更多地利用填埋法。如果管理得当、监控到位，填埋法对环境的破坏远比人们通常认为的要小，而且更简单、更有效。它还能sidesteps那些被运往世界各地回收的塑料被倾倒或焚烧的风险。)”可知，填埋法相比跨国回收，可避免塑料被非法处理的风险，由此可推知“sidestep”意为“避免”。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“When properly managed and well monitored, this is far less environmentally ruinous than often believed, and can be simpler and more effective. (如果管理得当、监控到位，填埋法对环境的破坏远比人们通常认为的要小，而且更简单、更有效。)”可知，填埋法被推荐作为塑料垃圾处理方案的关键因素是：在管理得当的情况下，它具有成本低、操作简单的优势。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Fortnum, a Finnish company, has found a way to turn the hydrocarbons back into plastic materials. Such innovation should be built on. When it comes to plastics, the benefits are very much greater than most people will allow — and so is the potential for managing the costs. (芬兰公司Fortnum已找到一种将烃类转化回塑料材料的方法。这样的创新应该得到进一步发展。就塑料而言，其益处远比大多数人所认可的要大得多——管理其成本的潜力也是如此。)”可知，作者提及塑料回收的技术创新，并肯定塑料的价值与管理潜力，由此可推断作者对塑料管理的未来持乐观态度。故选B。 “A lie is halfway around the world before the truth has got its boots on.” It’s a well-known saying. But a more accurate version would be: “A confidently told lie is halfway around the world before the truth has got its boots on.” Because basically, we humans are far more likely to accept and believe information delivered confidently. By a confident person, or by a source using confident language, etc. When two or more people are involved in a decision-making process where they know different things, confidently expressed arguments are perceived as delivering better information, which determines the decision. And as the modern world has shown us repeatedly, this regularly leads to undesirable outcomes. Why would this tendency come about? Well, humans are highly gregarious, and during our evolutionary (进化的) development, most of our information about the world came from other people. So, if ancient humans heard someone confidently declare “There’s a tiger coming”, instinctively (本能地) believing them was a valuable survival skill. Confidently delivered information may be more persuasive, but that doesn’t mean it’s correct, even if the confident person genuinely believes it is. We’ve all met someone who confidently lectures others on how the world works, despite being wrong about literally everything. It’s the Dunning-Kruger effect, where people with low ability/ experience/ knowledge about something often significantly overestimate their abilities/ expertise regarding it. This is because the ability to recognize your intellectual limits requires sufficient intelligence. Lacking that, you won’t question your (limited) understanding, so you can mouth laughable nonsense with total confidence. We live in a highly interconnected, increasingly complex society, where countless people and worldviews end up overlapping (重叠) constantly. So, someone who is objectively, unquestionably wrong, but still unshakably confident can end up convincing many others that they’re right. Left unchecked, it can end up with individuals with no abilities beyond unshakeable confidence being put in charge. And that won’t end well for anyone. 1．What tendency is presented about humans in the first two paragraphs? A．Hating bad results much. B．Believing lies too easily. C．Trusting confident statements. D．Lacking decision-making skills. 2．What does the underlined word “gregarious” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Sensitive. B．Competitive. C．Ignorant. D．Social. 3．Why do some people fall into the Dunning-Kruger effect? A．They aren’t wise enough. B．They are hard to persuade. C．They aren’t questioned by experts. D．They are afraid of admitting mistakes. 4．In what tone is the last paragraph written? A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Enthusiastic. D．Concerned. 5．Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the text? A．Confident people are always right. B．Confidence always leads to positive outcomes. C．Confidence can mislead people. D．Lies are easier to detect than truths. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们更易相信自信表达的信息这一倾向，分析其源于人类进化中的生存需求，指出自信信息未必正确，并警示该倾向若不受控可能带来不良后果。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Because basically, we humans are far more likely to accept and believe information delivered confidently. By a confident person, or by a source using confident language, etc.(因为从本质上讲，人类更容易接受和相信那些自信传递的信息——无论是来自自信的人，还是使用笃定语气的信息源等等)”以及第二段“When two or more people are involved in a decision-making process where they know different things, confidently expressed arguments are perceived as delivering better information, which determines the decision.(当两人或多人共同参与决策，且各自掌握的信息不同时，人们会认为表达自信的观点传递的信息更有价值，而这会直接决定最终决策)”可知，前两段提出的人类倾向是更容易相信以自信方式传递的信息。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Well, humans are highly gregarious, and during our evolutionary (进化的) development, most of our information about the world came from other people.(首先，人类是高度gregarious。在漫长的进化过程中，我们对世界的认知大多来自他人)”中划线词下文“人类对世界的认知大多来自他人”是对“gregarious”的解释，即依赖他人、需要与他人互动，由此可推断该词意为“群居的、社交的”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“This is because the ability to recognize your intellectual limits requires sufficient intelligence. Lacking that, you won’t question your (limited) understanding, so you can mouth laughable nonsense with total confidence.(这是因为要认识到自己的智力局限性需要具备足够的智慧。如果没有这种智慧，你就不会质疑自己（有限的）的理解，所以你就能毫无顾忌地随口说出一些荒谬的言论了)”可知，邓宁-克鲁格效应的成因是认清自身认知局限需要足够的智力，而这类人缺乏这种智力，无法质疑自己的认知；由此可知，一些人陷入达克效应是因为他们不够聪明，无法认知自身缺陷。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Left unchecked, it can end up with individuals with no abilities beyond unshakeable confidence being put in charge. And that won’t end well for anyone.(如果不加以控制，最终可能会出现这样一种情况：那些除了极度自信之外毫无其他能力的人被委以重任。而这样的结果对任何人来说都不会是好事)”可知，作者指出若不约束相信自信言论的倾向，可能导致无能力却极度自信的人掌权，并明确表示这对任何人都不是好事，语气中充满对该后果的担忧。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段“Confidently delivered information may be more persuasive, but that doesn’t mean it’s correct, even if the confident person genuinely believes it is.(自信地传递信息可能更有说服力，但这并不意味着它是正确的，即使自信的人真的相信它是正确的)”以及第六段“So, someone who is objectively, unquestionably wrong, but still unshakably confident can end up convincing many others that they’re right.(所以，有些人即便在客观上、毫无疑问是错误的，但依然坚定不移地坚信自己是对的，最终却能够说服很多人相信他们也是正确的)”可知，自信传递的信息未必正确，甚至可能让他人相信错误的观点，即自信可能误导人。故选C。 There are hundreds of personality quizzes online that assert they can ascertain whether the right or left half of your brain is dominant. Left-brained people are supposedly logical and excel at language and math while right-brained people are more imaginative, emotionally intelligent and skilled with spatial reasoning. There’s just one problem: That’s not how brains work. Popular science enthusiasts sort of took this idea and ran with it, and it’s become woven in popular culture now, and it’s not going away. Despite this enduring belief, there’s no such thing as being “right-brained” or “left-brained”. Whether you’re someone who tends more towards creativity or logic has nothing to do with one hemisphere of your brain being dominant over the other. But the actual science of how the two halves of our brains work together is sometimes stranger than fiction. The human brain is divided into two hemispheres, the left and right. In all vertebrate (脊椎的) animals, the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and vice versa. And scientists have long known, thanks to the behaviors of patients who suffered brain injuries, that different areas of the brain do different things. But many scientists struggled with this idea, because the very suggestion that the left and right halves of the brain operate differently disrupted the idea that nature tends toward perfect symmetry. Work by neuroscientists (神经科学家) has revealed the importance of different hemispheres of the brain for different activities. However, their research quickly saw some misinterpretations in the general public: Some presumed creative people must be right-brained and logical people left-brained. It is proven that not only is personality unrelated to the different halves of the brain, but people aren’t really right or left-brained to begin with. The idea that we have left-dominant people and right-dominant people, and that this is related to personality, is categorically false. That’s never been supported in the neuroscience community. Neuroscientists don’t believe that and never have. What scientists learned is that there are really important differences between the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. It’s just that they have nothing to do with personality or whether cognitive strategy is more logical or free spirited or creative. While researchers have shown the limitations of how the hemispheres of our brains influence our lives, it’s not difficult to understand the appeal of such ideas. People are endlessly fascinated by themselves and their friends, and the subtle differences in how people think about the world are really meaningful to them. When you come up with an online quiz that tells us something about ourselves, we’re drawn to that. It’s irresistible. But you have to take it with an enormous grain of salt. 1．What do numerous personality quizzes online claim they are able to do? A．Distinguish between the two hemispheres of one’s brain. B．Determine whether one is left-brained or right-brained. C．Tell if one is more of a linguist or of a mathematician. D．Ascertain how one’s brain performs different tasks. 2．What does the author say is sometimes stranger than fiction? A．How one hemisphere of the brain impacts creativity. B．How the two halves of our brains work alternatively. C．How the two hemispheres of our brains cooperate. D．How one half of the brain dominates the other. 3．Why did many scientists have difficulty endorsing the idea that different areas of the brain do different things? A．It contradicts the assumption that the two hemispheres of the brain are symmetrical. B．It dismisses the view that the universe has been evolving in a consistent manner. C．It is in conflict with the suggestion that the left and right halves of the brain work together. D．It disrupts the idea that the right hemisphere of the brain controls the left side of the body. 4．What belief have neuroscientists long rejected according to the passage? A．There are left-dominant people and right-dominant people with different personalities. B．There are noticeable differences between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. C．One’s personality is hardly related to the different halves of the brain. D．Different areas of the brain are responsible for different activities. 5．What are we advised to do with an online quiz that tells us something about ourselves? A．Follow its judgement. B．Scrutinize its originality. C．Evaluate its popularity. D．Question its reliability. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了网络上流行的关于左右脑主导性格的说法，指出这种说法缺乏科学依据，并阐述了大脑两半球的实际功能及其与性格无关的科学观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“There are hundreds of personality quizzes online that assert they can ascertain whether the right or left half of your brain is dominant.(网上有数百种性格测试声称可以确定你的右脑还是左脑占主导地位)”可知，许多在线性格测试声称能够确定一个人是左脑还是右脑占主导地位。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But the actual science of how the two halves of our brains work together is sometimes stranger than fiction.(但是，关于我们大脑两半球如何协同工作的实际科学有时比虚构的故事还要离奇)”可知，作者认为大脑两半球如何协同工作的实际科学有时比虚构的故事还要离奇。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“But many scientists struggled with this idea, because the very suggestion that the left and right halves of the brain operate differently disrupted the idea that nature tends toward perfect symmetry.(但是许多科学家对这个想法感到困惑，因为大脑左右半球运作方式不同的说法，打破了自然趋向完美对称的观点)”可知，许多科学家难以认同大脑不同区域功能不同的观点，是因为这与大脑两半球对称的假设相矛盾。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据第六段中“The idea that we have left-dominant people and right-dominant people, and that this is related to personality, is categorically false. That’s never been supported in the neuroscience community. Neuroscientists don’t believe that and never have.(认为我们有左脑占优势的人和右脑占优势的人，并且这与性格有关的观点，绝对是错误的。这从未在神经科学界得到支持。神经科学家从不相信这一点)”可知，神经科学家长期以来一直拒绝接受的观点是：存在左脑占优势和右脑占优势且性格不同的人。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When you come up with an online quiz that tells us something about ourselves, we’re drawn to that. It’s irresistible. But you have to take it with an enormous grain of salt.(当你看到一份能告诉我们一些关于自己的信息的在线测试时，我们会被吸引。这是无法抗拒的。但你必须持极大的保留态度)”可知，作者建议我们对那些告诉我们关于自己的在线测试持保留态度，即质疑其可靠性。故选D项。 While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 1．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A．Cars often get stuck on the road. B．Traffic accidents occur frequently. C．People walk less and drive more. D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 2．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A．Keep their cities livable. B．Promote cultural diversity. C．Help the needy families. D．Make expressways accessible. 3．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A．They boosted the sales of cars. B．They turned out largely ineffective. C．They won government support. D．They advocated building new parks. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why the Rush? B．What’s Next? C．Where to Stay? D．Who to Blame? 5．What does the author imply about the high rate of car ownership in Australia? A．It has reduced the cost of road construction. B．It reflects the success of road network expansion. C．It has worsened the problem of pedestrian mobility. D．It meets the growing travel needs of local families. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.(虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.”(最著名的是，一位在20世纪50年代初将家人迁至曼哈顿的加拿大记者发起了一场运动，旨在阻止她所在社区公园的被毁坏。简·雅各布斯对计划将其改建成高速公路的做法表示震惊，并呼吁市长要致力于“让纽约成为一个宜居的地方，而不是只把纽约当成匆匆经过的地方。”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.(在20世纪60年代末和70年代，澳大利亚也发生了类似的运动)”和倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.(尽管这些运动广泛开展，但实际情况是，大多数西方城市都是围绕汽车的需求进行了彻底的重新规划。道路上的汽车数量正在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的运动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities?(我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.(虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”以及倒数第二段“In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.(在澳大利亚，2600多万人拥有2000多万辆汽车，是世界上汽车拥有率最高的国家之一)”可知，作者暗示澳大利亚汽车拥有率高的现象加剧了行人出行的困难。故选C。 When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 1．What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A．She is upset by her kids’ weight. B．She is critical of the way she was fed. C．She is interested in making food. D．She is particular about what she eats. 2．Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A．Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B．Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C．Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D．Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 3．What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A．Make diet decisions on their own. B．Share their food with other kids. C．Eat up what is provided for them. D．Help their parents do the dishes. 4．Why does Markey emphasize that “feeding is a long game”? A．Kids need time to develop healthy eating habits independently. B．Parents should spend long hours preparing healthy food. C．It takes years to correct kids’ bad eating behaviors. D．The effect of food choices on health is not immediate. 5．What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A．Costly. B．Complex. C．Workable. D．Contradictory. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了父母在孩子饮食方面的教育方式，以及如何通过“责任划分”原则来培养孩子健康的饮食习惯。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome.(当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常被告知什么不能吃。“你不想变胖”这句话在我整个童年时期不断重复。这件事严重破坏了我与食物之间的关系，而这种负面影响，我花了好几年才得以克服。)”可知，童年时被反复告知不该吃什么的经历破坏了作者与食物的关系，这段糟糕的经历让她在养育自己孩子时格外注意方式。由此可推断，作者对她小时候的喂养方式持批评态度。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.”(心理学教授Charlotte Markey表示，饮食是为数不多的、父母宜“少说为妙”的话题之一。她指出：“育儿过程中，有很多事都适合和孩子好好沟通，但我认为饮食不在此列。”“对饮食问题过多说教，只会给孩子带来不必要的忧虑和不安，不利于他们的身心健康。”)”可知，Markey认为父母不应该过多地和孩子谈论食物，因为这可能会给孩子带来不必要的担忧和不安。由此可推断，她会反对向孩子们解释吃零食的风险。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots.(相反，她建议在营养专家中应用一个众所周知的概念，即“责任划分”，即父母在固定的时间给孩子们提供各种大多健康的食物，而孩子们自己决定他们想吃什么和吃多少——即使这意味着偶尔吃的饼干比胡萝卜多。)”可知，根据“责任划分”原则，孩子们应该自己决定吃什么和吃多少。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.”(“喂养是一场长期的游戏，”Markey说。“你提供的食物有很大的影响。即使他们不吃，他们也会看到。然后突然间，他们就明白了。”)”可知，Markey强调“喂养是一场长期的游戏”，是因为食物选择对健康的影响不是立竿见影的，孩子们需要时间来独立形成健康的饮食习惯。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions.(我一直在尝试这些策略，我发现当我限制较少时，他们确实会做出更好的决定。)”可知，作者认为她一直在遵循的策略是可行的。故选C。 The debate surrounding the ideal approach to education has been ongoing for many years. One suggestion that often arises is the inclusion of unpaid community service as a compulsory component of high school programs. In reality, a significant number of students, including those in college, already engage in charitable work, community service, and internships (实习) prior to graduation. Personally, I am totally in favor of it. Participating in volunteer activities offers students numerous benefits, particularly in terms of improved social relationships. Engaging in these services provides graduating students with valuable experiences that help prepare them for the challenges they will encounter in society at a young age. Charities may teach students how to help the needy and spread warmth without the form of money. Activities such as helping neighbors or mentoring younger pupils are practical ways to enhance social acceptability, as they encourage greater communication and interaction with others. Additionally, involvement in these programs encourages students to make more meaningful use of their time, promoting outdoor activities that contribute to their overall well-being. Rather than spending excessive time at home playing video games or chatting online, students can dedicate their time to helping others. Moreover, unpaid school programs can address various issues commonly faced by young individuals. A previous study conducted in the United States revealed a significant reduction in the juvenile (未成年的) crime rate, specifically from 11.6% to 6.3% around the year 2015. Fear, anxiety, and loneliness are prevalent among youths who may feel rejected by society. However, successful completion of community service teaches a sense of accomplishment, promoting communication skills and developing self-confidence. These aspects play a crucial role in transforming young individuals into responsible and productive members of society. Overall, unpaid programs for school students are the key parts to shape students’ worldviews before they step into society. It is a challenging decision for the government, but it is undeniably a win-win situation for both students and communities. By actively participating in unpaid community service, students acquire essential life skills, enhance their social connections, contribute to the improvement of society, and lay a strong foundation for their personal and professional growth. It is an approach that holds enormous potential and should be given serious consideration in the field of education. 1．What is the topic of the ongoing debate mentioned in the passage? A．The importance of extracurricular activities in education. B．The inclusion of unpaid community service in high school. C．The existing involvement of students in internships. D．The effectiveness of college internships. 2．Participating in volunteer activities help graduating students with ________. A．acquiring job opportunities B．improving their financial status C．enhancing their physical fitness D．preparing for challenges in society 3．What effect did unpaid community work have on students, according to a previous study? A．It lowered the juvenile crime rate. B．It placed financial burdens on students. C．It improved students’ study performance. D．It promoted excessive video game playing. 4．What message does the last paragraph convey? A．The importance of unpaid community services in shaping students’ worldviews. B．The advantages and disadvantages of unpaid community services. C．The challenges in carrying out unpaid community services. D．The potential of unpaid community services in education. 5．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To persuade readers to participate in unpaid community services. B．To illustrate the education system with unpaid community services. C．To explain the benefits of unpaid community services to the readers. D．To share the author’ personal experience with unpaid community services. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了将无偿社区服务纳入高中课程作为必修部分的益处和重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The debate surrounding the ideal approach to education has been ongoing for many years. One suggestion that often arises is the inclusion of unpaid community service as a compulsory component of high school programs. (围绕理想教育方式的争论已经持续了很多年。一个经常出现的建议是将无偿社区服务作为高中课程的必修部分。)”可知，文章中提到的正在进行的辩论的主题是将无偿社区服务纳入高中课程。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Engaging in these services provides graduating students with valuable experiences that help prepare them for the challenges they will encounter in society at a young age.  (参与这些服务为即将毕业的学生提供了宝贵的经验，有助于他们为年轻时在社会中遇到的挑战做好准备。)”可知，参与志愿活动有助于即将毕业的学生为在社会中遇到的挑战做好准备。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“A previous study conducted in the United States revealed a significant reduction in the juvenile (未成年的) crime rate, specifically from 11.6% to 6.3% around the year 2015. (此外，无偿学校项目还能解决年轻人普遍面临的各类问题。美国此前的一项研究表明，在2015年左右，青少年犯罪率显著下降，具体从11.6%降至6.3%。)”可知，根据之前的一项研究，无偿社区工作降低了青少年犯罪率。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Overall, unpaid programs for school students are the key parts to shape students’ worldviews before they step into society. It is a challenging decision for the government, but it is undeniably a win-win situation for both students and communities. By actively participating in unpaid community service, students acquire essential life skills, enhance their social connections, contribute to the improvement of society, and lay a strong foundation for their personal and professional growth. It is an approach that holds enormous potential and should be given serious consideration in the field of education. (总体而言，无偿项目是学生在步入社会前塑造世界观的关键部分。对于政府而言，这虽是一个艰难的决策，但对学生和社区而言，这无疑是一个双赢的局面。通过积极参与无偿社区服务，学生能够掌握必要的生活技能，增强社交联系，为改善社会做出贡献，并为个人和职业发展奠定坚实基础。这是一种极具潜力的教育方式，应在教育领域予以认真考虑。)”可知，最后一段传达了无偿社区服务在塑造学生世界观方面的重要性。故选A。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“The debate surrounding the ideal approach to education has been ongoing for many years. One suggestion that often arises is the inclusion of unpaid community service as a compulsory component of high school programs. In reality, a significant number of students, including those in college, already engage in charitable work, community service, and internships (实习) prior to graduation. Personally, I am totally in favor of it. (围绕理想教育方式的争论已经持续了很多年。一个经常出现的建议是将无偿社区服务作为高中课程的必修部分。实际上，在毕业前，包括大学生在内的许多学生已经参与了慈善工作、社区服务以及实习活动。就我个人而言，我完全支持这一做法。)”可知，作者在文章中详细阐述了无偿社区服务对学生和社会的益处，旨在向读者解释无偿社区服务的好处。故选C。 For some readers, a dictionary opens up a world. Dictionaries contain multiple pleasures, such as settling word-game wars by turning actual pages. For the rest, a dictionary is either outdated or strictly online. In 2012, Encyclopaedia Britannica stopped printing new editions, going digital-only. In his book, Unabridged: The Thrill of (and Threat to) the Modern Dictionary, American journalist Stefan Fatsis writes of the shift brought about by our decade-old dependence on search engines: “Definitions, good and bad, were a click away, and most people didn’t care or couldn’t tell which was which: expert research, scraped data, zombie (僵尸) websites, whatever popped up in a search.” When I was a child, I loved dictionaries, and so did every sensible parent in Calcutta. If your child was literate, one of the 20 volumes of the Oxford English Dictionary or an illustrated Collins was the surest way to keep them happily occupied, setting them off on hunts for lost or forgotten words. Fatsis sees dictionary-making as “a human endeavor stretching back to the third millennium BCE”. From the Akkadians to Sanskrit scholars, what dictionary makers hoped to do went far beyond the already tricky task of writing definitions: their job was to explain and track “the endless shifts in language”. Change is inevitable, though Fatsis also asks what we lose in the name of convenience. He writes, “the job of the dictionary was firmly established... By the time I finished this book, it wasn’t clear how much longer flesh-bone-and-blood lexicographers (词典编纂者) would be needed to document the march of the English language. Between traditional search engines and AI-enhanced search through LLMs (large language models), the way we look up words, and find meaning in language itself, has changed.” We can’t claim that humanity still needs physical dictionaries. Like encyclopedias and atlases (地图册), the best of them have long moved online. Indeed, the starting points of most search engines were the encyclopedias and dictionaries compiled (编纂) by experts. But I plan to hold on to my beloved, dog-eared physical dictionaries — such priceless time capsules, one of the last paradises of freedom from the endless scroll of digital content. 1．What’s the primary factor that has reduced people’s reliance on physical dictionaries? A．The economic unsustainability of print media as a whole. B．The effortless access to definitions provided by search engines. C．The public’s growing lack of concern for linguistic precision. D．The strategic decision by publishers to phase out printed editions. 2．Why does the author mention “zombie websites” in the quote from Stefan Fatsis? A．To criticize the low quality of content on some online platforms. B．To illustrate misinformation can be mistaken for credible sources in digital searches. C．To emphasize the technical challenges of maintaining up-to-date digital records. D．To highlight the cost of keeping outdated websites running online. 3．What conclusion can be drawn about the future role of human lexicographers based on Fatsis’s concern? A．They will need to handle much more language data. B．Their expertise will continue to be indispensable. C．Their traditional role may be threatened. D．They must learn to work with AI and computers. 4．Why does the author stick to physical dictionaries? A．They boost long-term memory. B．They last longer than digital files. C．They offer an escape from screens. D．They give more authoritative definitions. 5．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Word in Favor of Physical Dictionaries B．The Dictionary Debate: Physical VS. Digital C．A Best-seller on the Theme of Change D．The Pleasure of Flipping Through a Dictionary 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了在搜索引擎和人工智能日益普及的数字化时代，实体词典所面临的挑战与威胁，同时表达了作者对实体词典的喜爱及其作为远离数字内容、承载语言文化价值的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In his book, Unabridged: The Thrill of (and Threat to) the Modern Dictionary, American journalist Stefan Fatsis writes of the shift brought about by our decade-old dependence on search engines: “Definitions, good and bad, were a click away, and most people didn’t care or couldn’t tell which was which: expert research, scraped data, zombie (僵尸) websites, whatever popped up in a search.”(美国记者斯特凡·法特西斯在他的《足本：现代词典的兴奋(与威胁)》一书中，写到了我们对搜索引擎长达十年的依赖所带来的变化：“释义，无论好坏，都只需点击一下即可获得，大多数人不在乎或者无法分辨哪个是哪个：专家研究、抓取的数据、僵尸网站，任何在搜索中弹出的内容。”)”可知，搜索引擎让人们不费力气就能轻易获取释义，这是人们减少依赖实体词典的主要原因。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段引文“Definitions, good and bad, were a click away, and most people didn’t care or couldn’t tell which was which: expert research, scraped data, zombie (僵尸) websites, whatever popped up in a search.”(释义，无论好坏，都只需点击一下即可获得，大多数人不在乎或者无法分辨哪个是哪个：专家研究、抓取的数据、僵尸网站，任何在搜索中弹出的内容)”可知，作者引用“zombie websites”与“expert research”并列，旨在说明在网络搜索结果中，各种信息(包括不可信或过时的“僵尸网站”内容)与权威研究混杂在一起，而人们往往难以分辨，容易将错误信息误认为可靠来源。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Change is inevitable, though Fatsis also asks what we lose in the name of convenience. He writes, “the job of the dictionary was firmly established... By the time I finished this book, it wasn’t clear how much longer flesh-bone-and-blood lexicographers (词典编纂者) would be needed to document the march of the English language. Between traditional search engines and AI-enhanced search through LLMs (large language models), the way we look up words, and find meaning in language itself, has changed.”(变化无可避免，不过法特西斯也提出了疑问：在追求便利的名义下，我们失去了什么？他写道：“词典的使命曾经是坚不可摧的……而当我完成这本书时，已经无法确定还需要多长时间仍然需要血肉之躯的词典编纂者来记录英语语言的前行脚步。介于传统搜索引擎与基于大语言模型(LLM)的AI增强搜索之间，我们查询词语、探寻语言本身意义的方式已然改变。”)”可知，法特西斯的担忧在于，随着搜索技术和AI的发展，人类词典编纂者的传统角色(即记录和定义语言)在未来可能不再被需要，其作用受到威胁。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But I plan to hold on to my beloved, dog-eared physical dictionaries — such priceless time capsules, one of the last paradises of freedom from the endless scroll of digital content.(但我计划保留我那些心爱的、翻旧了的实体词典——如此无价的时间胶囊，是最后几个能让人从无尽滚动的数字内容中解脱出来的自由天堂之一)”可知，作者坚持使用实体词典的原因是它们提供了一个从屏幕和数字内容中逃离的空间。故选C项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段中“For some readers, a dictionary opens up a world. Dictionaries contain multiple pleasures, such as settling word-game wars by turning actual pages.(对一些读者来说，词典开启了一个世界。词典蕴含着多重乐趣，比如通过翻动真实的书页来解决文字游戏的争端)”作者介绍了实体词典带来的独特体验，和最后一段中“But I plan to hold on to my beloved, dog-eared physical dictionaries — such priceless time capsules, one of the last paradises of freedom from the endless scroll of digital content.(但我计划保留我那些心爱的、翻旧了的实体词典——如此无价的时间胶囊，是最后几个能让人从无尽滚动的数字内容中解脱出来的自由天堂之一)”作者明确表达了立场可推知，虽然文章客观描述了实体词典面临的数字化挑战，但其核心是论证实体词典的独特价值并为其辩护。因此，A项“A Word in Favor of Physical Dictionaries(为实体词典说句话)”最能概括全文主旨，适合作文章标题。故选A项。 As someone closely involved in the fashion tech industry, I’ve watched the growth of the Chinese short drama from its early days. Chinese short dramas — also known as “vertical shorts” or “mini TV series” — are becoming more popular in the global market. By the end of February 2024, the US emerged as a key market for these dramas. According to Sensor Tower, a mobile application data analysis company, Chinese platforms like ReelShort, DramaBox and GoodShort generated 69, 57 and 66 percent of their total earnings from the US market, respectively. Despite their market potential, Chinese short dramas still face challenges in global expansion, including cultural differences and language barriers. Here are some strategies I believe could help them succeed in Western markets. First, they need to localize their content more effectively. This means working with native speakers and professionals from the target country. I’ve encountered many translated scripts (剧本) that lack natural expressions and logical flow, often the result of machine translation. Additionally, since most Chinese short dramas are aimed at women, it’s essential to involve more women writers, directors and producers. With a growing audience of women over 35, it’s important to show women in leadership roles and tell stories that reflect their real-life experiences and ambitions, avoiding cliched (老套的) Cinderella-style rescue stories. Short dramas can also attract more young audiences by partnering with fashion and lifestyle brands. Compared to traditional films that rely on ticket sales and product placement, Chinese short dramas use a pay-to-view model, allowing investors to see significant returns. I’ve noticed that overseas audiences are often willing to spend $40 —100 (about 292 — 730 yuan) to watch high-quality series on their mobile devices. These platforms serve people who enjoy watching content during daily travel or in their free time. With younger generations using social media more for entertainment, this trend is likely to grow, making short dramas a smart and long-term investment. I also believe AI will play a crucial role in expanding short drama story ideas. AI can assist with pre-production, planning and scheduling, which is especially valuable for low-budget projects. Generative AI can create backgrounds, impressive wide-angle scenes with crowds and special effects, starting a new era of digital content creation that crosses borders. While challenges remain, they also present opportunities for investors seeking high returns. By strengthening international collaboration (合作), promoting cultural exchange and using up AI technology to come up with new kinds of stories, I believe Chinese short dramas can succeed in overseas markets. 1．What challenge do Chinese short dramas face in global markets? A．High production expenses. B．Culture and language barriers. C．Outdated marketing strategies. D．Limited interest in their content. 2．Why does the author emphasize the involvement of women creators in short dramas? A．To attract new age groups. B．To ensure diverse storytelling. C．To meet the target audience’s needs. D．To balance the gender ratio of creators. 3．How do short dramas profit differently from traditional films? A．By selling branded merchandise. B．By charging a pay-to-view fee. C．By partnering with fashion brands. D．By relying on mobile advertisements. 4．According to the author, what role does AI play in short drama production? A．Improving script translations. B．Adding more entertainment elements. C．Designing characters and costumes. D．Enhancing story creation and special effects. 5．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Strategies for Short Drama to succeed in Western Markets B．Rise of Chinese Short Dramas in the Western markets C．AI: Key to Short Drama’s Success in Foreign Markets D．Short Dramas: Global Achievements & Obstacles 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。中国短剧在全球市场潜力巨大却面临挑战，作者从多方面给出助力其在西方市场成功的策略。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Despite their market potential, Chinese short dramas still face challenges in global expansion, including cultural differences and language barriers.(尽管中国短剧具有市场潜力，但在全球扩张中仍面临挑战，包括文化差异和语言障碍)”可知，中国短剧在全球市场面临的挑战是文化和语言障碍。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Additionally, since most Chinese short dramas are aimed at women, it’s essential to involve more women writers, directors and producers.(此外，由于大多数中国短剧的目标受众是女性，因此有必要让更多的女性编剧、导演和制片人参与进来)”可知，作者强调女性创作者参与短剧是因为大多数短剧的目标受众是女性，为了满足目标受众的需求。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Compared to traditional films that rely on ticket sales and product placement, Chinese short dramas use a pay-to-view model, allowing investors to see significant returns.(与依赖票房销售和植入式广告的传统电影相比，中国短剧采用付费观看模式，使投资者能够获得可观的回报)”可知，短剧与传统电影在盈利方式上的不同之处是短剧通过收取付费观看的费用来盈利。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“AI can assist with pre-production, planning and scheduling, which is especially valuable for low-budget projects. Generative AI can create backgrounds, impressive wide-angle scenes with crowds and special effects, starting a new era of digital content creation that crosses borders.(人工智能可以协助前期制作、规划和安排，这对低预算项目尤其有价值。生成式人工智能可以创建背景、令人印象深刻的人群广角场景和特效，开启了一个跨文化的数字内容创作新时代)”可知，人工智能在短剧制作中的作用是增强故事创作和特效。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Here are some strategies I believe could help them succeed in Western markets.(以下是一些我认为可以帮助它们在西方市场取得成功的策略)”以及后文分别从内容本土化、与时尚品牌合作、利用人工智能等方面阐述了中国短剧在西方市场取得成功的策略。所以A项“短剧在西方市场取得成功的策略”最符合文章标题。故选A。 As someone closely involved in the fashion tech industry, I’ve watched the growth of the Chinese short drama from its early days. Chinese short dramas-also known as “vertical shorts” or “mini TV series” — are becoming more popular in the global market. By the end of February 2024, the US emerged as a key market for these dramas. According to Sensor Tower, a mobile application data analysis company, Chinese platforms like ReelShort, DramaBox and GoodShort generated 69, 57 and 66 percent of their total earnings from the US market, respectively. Despite their market potential, Chinese short dramas still face challenges in global expansion, including cultural differences and language barriers. Here are some strategies I believe could help them succeed in Western markets. First, they need to localize their content more effectively. This means working with native speakers and professionals from the target country. I’ve encountered many translated scripts (剧本) that lack natural expressions and logical flow, often the result of machine translation. Additionally, since most Chinese short dramas are aimed at women, it’s essential to involve more women writers, directors and producers. With a growing audience of women over 35, it’s important to show women in leadership roles and tell stories that reflect their real-life experiences and ambitions, avoiding cliched (老套的) Cinderella-style rescue stories. Short dramas can also attract more young audiences by partnering with fashion and lifestyle brands. Compared to traditional films that rely on ticket sales and product placement, Chinese short dramas use a pay-to-view model, allowing investors to see significant returns. I’ve noticed that overseas audiences are often willing to spend $40 —100 (about 292 — 730 yuan) to watch high-quality series on their mobile devices. These platforms serve people who enjoy watching content during daily travel or in their free time. With younger generations using social media more for entertainment, this trend is likely to grow, making short dramas a smart and long-term investment. I also believe AI will play a crucial role in expanding short drama story ideas. AI can assist with pre-production, planning and scheduling, which is especially valuable for low-budget projects. Generative AI can create backgrounds, impressive wide-angle scenes with crowds and special effects, starting a new era of digital content creation that crosses borders. While challenges remain, they also present opportunities for investors seeking high returns. By strengthening international collaboration (合作), promoting cultural exchange and using up AI technology to come up with new kinds of stories, I believe Chinese short dramas can succeed in overseas markets. 1．What challenge do Chinese short dramas face in global markets? A．High production expenses. B．Culture and language barriers. C．Outdated marketing strategies. D．Limited interest in their content. 2．Why does the author emphasize the involvement of women creators in short dramas? A．To attract new age groups. B．To ensure diverse storytelling. C．To meet the target audience’s needs. D．To balance the gender ratio of creators. 3．How do short dramas profit differently from traditional films? A．By selling branded merchandise. B．By charging a pay-to-view fee. C．By partnering with fashion brands. D．By relying on mobile advertisements. 4．According to the author, what role does AI play in short drama production? A．Improving script translations. B．Adding more entertainment elements. C．Designing characters and costumes. D．Enhancing story creation and special effects. 5．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Strategies for Short Drama to succeed in Western Markets B．Rise of Chinese Short Dramas in the Western markets C．AI: Key to Short Drama’s Success in Foreign Markets D．Short Dramas: Global Achievements & Obstacles 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。中国短剧在全球市场潜力巨大却面临挑战，作者从多方面给出助力其在西方市场成功的策略。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Despite their market potential, Chinese short dramas still face challenges in global expansion, including cultural differences and language barriers.(尽管中国短剧具有市场潜力，但在全球扩张中仍面临挑战，包括文化差异和语言障碍)”可知，中国短剧在全球市场面临的挑战是文化和语言障碍。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Additionally, since most Chinese short dramas are aimed at women, it’s essential to involve more women writers, directors and producers.(此外，由于大多数中国短剧的目标受众是女性，因此让更多的女性编剧、导演和制片人参与进来至关重要)”可知，作者强调女性创作者参与短剧是因为大多数短剧的目标受众是女性，为了满足目标受众的需求。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Compared to traditional films that rely on ticket sales and product placement, Chinese short dramas use a pay-to-view model, allowing investors to see significant returns.(与依赖票房销售和植入式广告的传统电影相比，中国短剧采用付费观看模式，使投资者能够获得可观的回报)”可知，短剧与传统电影在盈利方式上的不同是短剧通过收取付费观看的费用来盈利。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“AI can assist with pre-production, planning and scheduling, which is especially valuable for low-budget projects. Generative AI can create backgrounds, impressive wide-angle scenes with crowds and special effects, starting a new era of digital content creation that crosses borders.(人工智能可以协助前期制作、规划和安排，这对低预算项目尤其有价值。生成式人工智能可以创建背景、令人印象深刻的人群广角场景和特效，开启了一个跨文化的数字内容创作新时代)”可知，人工智能在短剧制作中的作用是增强故事创作和特效。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第二段第二句“Here are some strategies I believe could help them succeed in Western markets.(以下是一些我认为可以帮助它们在西方市场取得成功的策略)”以及后文分别从内容本土化、与时尚品牌合作、利用人工智能等方面阐述了中国短剧在西方市场取得成功的策略。所以A项“Strategies for Short Drama to succeed in Western Markets(短剧在西方市场取得成功的策略)”符合语境。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $