2026年河南省中考英语二轮语法复习课件：专题八构词法

该初中英语中考复习课件系统梳理构词法核心考点，涵盖派生法（前缀un-、im-等，后缀-er、-ness、-ful等）、合成法、转化法及缩写简写，对接中考说明分析考点权重，如派生法5年3考且后缀考查占比高，归纳语篇填空中派生词题型，体现备考针对性与实用性。 课件特色为中考真题训练与应试技巧结合，如2025年河南真题“woodcutter”示范合成法拆分，“impossible”解析否定前缀，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。通过后缀识别（-ful表“充满”）等方法，帮助学生掌握词性转换技巧，提升得分率，助力教师制定高效复习计划，确保中考冲刺效果。

专题八　构词法 合成法 构词法 由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法 合成名词：birthday生日，sunshine阳光，toothbrush牙刷，spaceship宇宙飞船，handwriting书写，seaside海边，grown‑up成年人 合成形容词：handmade手工制作的，worldwide世界各地的，heartbroken心碎的，well‑known出名的，two‑year‑old两岁的，part‑time兼职的，first‑class一流的 合成动词：overcome克服，underline在……下画线，download下载 知识重点重温 合成法 构词法 合成副词：anyhow无论如何，however然而，forever永远，downstairs在楼下 合成代词：someone某人，nothing没有什么，herself她自己 合成介词：without没有，outside外面，into进入，throughout自始至终 合成数词：fifty‑six五十六 转化法 构词法 一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类，这种构词法叫作转化法，单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切 名→动：water浇水，hand传递，color染色，book预订 形→动：clear清理，correct纠正 动→名：look外表，help帮助，walk散步，talk谈话 一些动词转化成名词或名词转化为动词时，词义没有大变化，易于推测词义。如：answer, change, fight, rest, love, smile, study, shout, talk, visit, wish, work等 缩写和简写 构词法 国家、组织：CPC中国共产党，PLA中国人民解放军，PRC中华人民共和国，UN联合国，WHO世界卫生组织，WTO世界贸易组织 星期：Mon. Tue. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat. Sun. 月份：Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 序数词：1st，2nd，3rd，4th，20th，21st，67th 其他常见缩写：ad广告，add.地址，BBQ烧烤，No.号码，PE体育，UFO不明飞行物，DIY自己动手 以这种形式构成的新词的读音有两种：各个字母分别读音，或作为一个单词读音 构词法 派生法指的是在一个词的词根前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词，这种构词法称为派生法 前缀 un‑不，非(形容词、动词等前缀)happy→unhappy， lock→unlock in‑不，非(形容词前缀)complete →incomplete， correct→ incorrect im‑不，无，非(形容词前缀，常用在以p、b、m开头的单词前)possible→impossible，polite→impolite 派生法 (5年3考) dis‑不，非(动词、形容词、名词前缀)able→ disable， advantage→disadvantage，agree→disagree， honest→dishonest mis‑表示错误understand→misunderstand， use→ misuse re‑再，重复use→reuse， tell→retell， build→rebuild de‑除去，降级，否定crease→decrease， press→ depress 构词法 前缀 派生法 (5年3考) 构词法 后缀 名词后缀 ‑an 专长于……的人，……地方的人 American, historian ‑er/or/ess ……的人或物 driver, reporter, visitor, actress ‑ion/‑tion/‑sion ……的行为(状态) action, decision, invention ‑ment ……的行为(状态) development ‑ness ……状态(性质) happiness, sadness, darkness ‑ure ……过程或结果 failure, pleasure ‑age 表示动作或状态 marriage, package, usage ‑th 表示状态、性质、动作或结果 warmth, truth, growth ‑ist 擅长某个领域的人 pianist, scientist 派生法 (5年3考) 构词法 后缀 形容词后缀 ‑en 由……制成或构成 golden, wooden ‑y 多……的；有……性质的 rainy, cloudy, lucky, noisy ‑ing 令人……的 interesting, moving ‑ed 感到……的 interested, moved ‑ese 某国、某地的人及语言 Chinese, Japanese ‑ful 充满……的，有……的 skillful, hopeful, useful, thankful ‑less 无……的(表示否定) careless, endless, useless ‑ly 表示状态 friendly, lively, daily ‑ous/‑al 表示特征或性质 nervous, dangerous, musical ‑able 能……的，会……的 reasonable, acceptable ‑tive 表示状态或关系 relative, effective 派生法 (5年3考) 派生法 (5年3考) 构词法 后缀 动词后缀：使……成为，使……化 ‑ify, ‑fy：beautify美化， classify分类 副词后缀 ‑ize：apologize道歉， socialize社会化 ‑en：darken变暗， shorten缩短 ‑ly：finally最终， happily开心地， clearly清晰地 ‑ward(s)：forwards向前， northwards向北， outwards向外 阅读下列真题例句，感知语境，用括号内单词的适当形式填空。 1.2025·河南 A long time ago， there lived two ⁠ (woodcutter) called Barry and Kent in a village. 2.2025·河南 Between schoolwork， after‑school (activity) and everyday worries， there are too many things you have to deal with every day. 3.2025·河南 Imagine how (cheer) you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days. woodcutters　 activities　 cheerful　 语境感知语法 4.2025·河南 However， for many people， it is hard to balance sunlight with (dark). darkness　 5.2025·河南 The most common (treat) for those people is to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time. 6.2025·河北 Mr. Wang， a film director， will be invited to give a ⁠ (talk) in Room 404. 7.2025·德阳改编 It’s nearly (possible) to have two songs in your head at the same time， because it’s too much for our brains！ treatment　 talk　 impossible　 语法感知　　 1. 派生法 派生法是通过添加 或 来改变单词词性或含义的 方法。 (1)形容词后缀：如第3题所填词的后缀 ，表示“充 满……”，后缀 ，表示“……的”，第5题中出现 的 ，表示特征或性质等； (2)名词后缀：如第1题所填词的后缀 ，表示“……的人”， 第4题所填词的后缀 ，表示“……的状态”，第5题所填词 的后缀 ，表示“……的行为”； (3)否定前缀：如第7题所填词的前缀 ，表示“不，无， 非”。 前缀 　 后缀　 ‑ful　 ‑y　 ‑ial　 ‑er　 ‑ness　 ‑ment　 im‑　 2. 合成法 合成法是将 或两个以上独立的单词合并成一个新词的方 法。如第1题中的 ，第2题中的 ， ， 等。 3. 转化法 转化法是一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类的方法。如第6题， talk是 转化为 ⁠。 两个　 woodcutter　 schoolwork　 after‑school　 everyday　 动词　 名词　 微专题七　构词法考法和解题技巧 考向　派生词后缀2023·64，2022·63，2021·63 　　构词法主要在语篇填空第一节中考查，5年3考，均考查派生词 中的后缀，其中形容词加后缀‑ly变副词的用法5年2考，另一处是针 对形容词后缀‑ful的考查。 中考题型聚焦 考点 例句 ‑ly 2023·64 Then again， I’d also love to be a racing driver. That’s a very interesting field too！When I’ve 1. (final) made my choice， I’ll let you know！ 2021·63 People used simple tools to dig the canal， completely by hand. Now it has 2. (great) helped the local people by bringing water to them and serves as the lifeline for the country. finally　 greatly　 考点 例句 ‑ful 2022·63 The colors will remain on the children’s hands if they don’t spend enough time washing them off. It is very 3. (help) for a teacher in a classroom. helpful　 基础单句训练 完成句子 1.  Don’t talk (loud). They are sleeping. 2.  She dances so (beautiful)—what an excellent dancer！ 3.  I don’t like (rain) weather because it makes me sleepy. 4.  Never fail to be (thank) to the friends who have helped you. 5.  Edison was a famous ⁠ and he invented many . (invent) aloud/loudly　 beautifully　 rainy　 thankful　 inventor　 inventions　 分层训练提升 6.  I helped Tom， but he didn’t say “thank you”—that was very (polite)！ 7.  The Chinese people are very (friend) as they always smile at others and are ready to help. 8.  His dream is to be a(n) (art) because he loves painting and wants to share his beautiful ideas with the world. 9.  Even though the elephant’s nose is large， it can perform (surprise) tasks. For example， an elephant can (easy) pick up a small leaf from the ground. 10.  Chinese knotting (中国结) is an amazing (tradition) skill. People make them with colorful ropes and they (usual) appear in all kinds of shapes， like hearts， flowers and lucky symbols. impolite　 friendly　 artist　 surprising　 easily　 traditional　 usually　 语篇运用专练　　 语篇填空 play　wide　receive　family　change　develop　nobody　surprise　 when　with 　　/社会发展·家乡变迁/　I grew up in a village in China with my grandparents， and back then， life was simple and there wasn’t much technology around. In most homes， 1. ⁠ owned smart phones， computers， or even television sets. The only way to 2. news was through a radio at the gate of the village， and only the rich could afford a television. 3. ⁠ they watched it at night， the whole village would gather (聚集) around to join in. nobody　 receive　 When　 　　However， with the 4. of our country， it’s truly amazing to see the changes in my hometown. In recent years， technology has 5. an important role in daily life in China. And the changes in my hometown are quite 6. . Mobile phones， cars， high‑speed trains， and airplanes are 7. ⁠ used by people. Our quality of life has been greatly improved. The roads are no longer muddy (泥泞的). Almost every 8. ⁠ has a television， and there is even air‑conditioning to avoid the summer heat. Medical care can be gotten much more easily 9. ⁠ the use of cars or taxis. development　 played　 surprising　 widely　 family　 with　 play　wide　receive　family　change　develop　nobody　surprise　 when　with 　　The world is always 10. and developing， and the progress we’ve seen in the last 30 years is unbelievable. I can’t help but wonder how different things will be in the next 30 years！ changing　 play　wide　receive　family　change　develop　nobody　surprise　 when　with $