内容正文:
专题四 代词
人称代词
代词
主格
宾格
it的特殊
用法
(5年1考)
作主语,放在谓语动词之前:I am a middle school student.
作宾语或表语:My dad bought me a new book.
指代除人以外的生物或事物、婴儿、未知的人或用在电话用语中:This is Jack. Who is it?
指天气、时间、距离等:It rained all day yesterday.
作形式主语:It's easy to answer this question.
作形式宾语:I find it interesting to play basketball.
知识重点重温
代词
物主代词
(5年5考)
反身代词
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
表示自身或强调的代词
用于固定搭配中
作定语:My pen is red.
作主语、宾语、表语等:The red bag is hers.
作宾语、同位语、表语:The cat is cleaning itself.
by oneself, dress oneself...
代词
指示代词
this, these
指较近的人或物:This is a pen.
that, those
it, one/ones和that/those的区别
指较远的人或物:That is a big tree.
it与指代的词同类同物:I found a nice watch on the desk. It is my brother’s.
one/ones与指代的词同类异物:My bike is old. I want to buy a new one.
that/those指代时需有后置定语:The weather in Harbin is colder than that in Guangzhou.
代词
不定代词
疑问代词
普通不定代词
复合不定代词
both,neither和either用于谈论两者:I called Lily and Lucy, but neither answered.
all,any和none用于谈论三者或以上:All is ready for the party.
many与much:She drank some water, but not much.
everything, everybody, everyone, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing作主语时,谓语动词用单数:Someone is knocking at the door.
who, whom, whose, what, which
阅读下列真题例句,感知语境,用括号内单词的适当形式填空或
盲填。
1.2025·北京 My sister is good at singing. can even sing some
French songs.
2.2025·天津 (I) sister is in the school tennis team. I’m proud
of (she).
3.2025·金昌 Jim’s teachers encourage (he) to try new things.
4.2025·乐山 Their school is very similar to (we), but our school is
bigger.
She
My
her
him
ours
语境感知语法
5.2025·宿迁 Helen, a British student, will enjoy (she) during
the summer holiday in China.
6.2025·福建 My parents love our hometown so much that of them
have gone back to help build a new countryside.
7.2025·广元 —Molly, I left my dictionary at home. Do you
have ?
—Yes. Here you are.
8.2025·黑龙江 I am really tired after the basketball game. is
better than a good rest.
9.2025·黑龙江 Secondly, is important to have a balanced diet.
herself
both
one
Nothing
it
语法感知
1. 人称代词分为主格和宾格。第1题中的 是主格,在句子中
作 语;第2题中的 和第3题中的him是宾格,在句子中
作 语,分别用在介词和 词后;
2. 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。第2题中
的 是形容词性物主代词,相当于 ,用于修
饰名词,表示所属关系,后面必须接名词sister;第4题中
的 是名词性物主代词,相当于our school,可以独立使
用,后面不跟名词;
She
主
her
宾
动
My
形容词
ours
3. 第5题中的 是反身代词,当主语和宾语是同一人或物
时,用 代词作宾语;
4. 第6题中的 是不定代词,表示“两者都”,表示“两者都
不”用 ;第7题中的 是不定代词,泛指“一个(同
类事物)”,在这句话中,它代替 ;
5. 第8题中的 是 不定代词。这类代词还有
something,anything和 ;
6. 第9题考的是 的特殊用法,在句子中作 ,真正
的主语是动词不定式。
herself
反身
both
neither
one
a dictionary
Nothing
复合
everything
it
形式主语
考点一 人称/物主(5年5考)/反身代词
人称 单复
数 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性物
主代词 名词性物
主代词
第一
人称 单数 I me my 2023·57 mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二
人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三
人称 单数 he him his 2025·56 his himself
归纳考查方向
人称 单复
数 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性物
主代词 名词性物
主代词
第三
人称 单数 she her her hers herself
it 2022·68 it its 2021·58 its itself
复数 they them their 2022·58 theirs themselves
一、人称代词
(一)人称代词分为主格和宾格两种形式
分
类 用法 例句
主
格 作主语,放在谓
语动词之前 I like English very much.我非常喜欢英
语。
宾
格 作宾语,放在动
词或介词之后 Let’s go and find him. (作动词的宾语)让我
们去找他吧。
My father bought a new pen for me. (作介词
的宾语)我爸爸给我买了一支新钢笔。
分
类 用法 例句
宾
格 作表语 The winner must be him! 获胜者一定是
他!
(二)it的特殊用法(5年1考)
用法 例句/句型
指代除人以外的生物或事
物、婴儿、未知的人或用在
电话用语中 Look at the cat! It’s climbing up that
tree.看那只猫!它正在往那棵树上
爬呢。
—Who is it? 是谁? —It’s me.是
我。
it指代天气、时间、距离等 It is sunny today. 今天是晴天。
It is time for class. 到上课时间了。
It’s 10 kilometers away from us. 那儿
离我们有10千米。
用法 例句/句型
it作形式主语,代替由不定式
或从句等所表示的真正主语 1.It is + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.
(对于某人来说)做某事是……的。
2.It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 某
人做某事是……的(形容某人的性
格)。
3.It takes/took sb. some time to do
sth. 做某事花费某人……时间。
4.It seems/seemed that... 似乎……
5.It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人
做某事了。
用法 例句/句型
it作形式主语,代替由不定式
或从句等所表示的真正主语 6.It is time for sth./to do sth./that...
是(做)……的时间了。
7.It is said/reported/believed that...
据说/据报道/人们认为……
用法 例句/句型
it作形式宾语,代替由不定式
或从句等所表示的真正宾
语,常用在动词find,
think, make, feel,
consider等后 1.find it + adj.+ to do sth. 发现做
某事是……的
2.think/believe/consider it + adj.+
to do sth. 认为做某事是……的
3.feel it + adj.+ to do sth. 感觉做
某事是……的
4.make it + adj.+ to do sth. 使做某
事……
二、物主代词(5年5考)
物主代词用来表示所属关系,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性
物主代词。
类别 用法 例句
形容词性物
主代词 相当于形容词,只
用作定语 This is his book. 这是他的书。
名词性物主
代词 作主语 This is my book, and yours is on
the desk.
这是我的书,你的(书)在桌子
上。
类别 用法 例句
名词性物主
代词 作宾语 Tom’s bike is broken. He is using
mine.
Tom的自行车坏了。他现在在用
我的。
作表语 Look at the two pencils. The red
one is yours and the blue one is
mine.看这两支铅笔。红色的是你
的,蓝色的是我的。
三、反身代词
表示自身或强调的代词叫作反身代词。反身代词可译为“本
人”“本身”,为加强语气,也常译为“亲自”“自己”。反身代
词在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。
(一)反身代词的用法
用法 位置 例句
作宾语 动词或介词之
后 When he was a little boy, he
could teach himself English. 当
他还是一个小男孩的时候,
他就能自学英语。
用法 位置 例句
作表语
反身代词作表语
时,通常放在be,
feel, look, seem
等词后,表示自身
状态或感觉 系动词之后 She is not herself today. 她今
天不在状态。
作同位语 名词或代词之
后或句末 She cooks the meal herself. 她
自己做饭。
(二)常见的反身代词的固定搭配
help yourself
to...
请随便吃/
喝…… enjoy oneself
过得愉快;玩得
开心 leave sb. by
oneself
把某人单
独留下 by oneself
单独地;独自地
learn by
oneself
= teach
oneself 自学 come to oneself
苏醒 speak to
oneself
= talk to
oneself
自言自语 make oneself at
home
使某人宾至如
归;别拘束
dress oneself
自己穿衣服 keep... to
oneself 保密 prove oneself
证明自己 hurt oneself 受伤
lose oneself in
迷失方向;沉
醉于…… look after
oneself
= take
care of oneself
照顾自己 behave oneself
举止得体 make oneself
understood
让别人懂得自己
的话
考点二 指示代词
一、指示代词的分类
分类 用法 例句
this 这个 1.指时间或空间上离
说话人较近的人或事
物
2.常用来指后面要提
到的事 This is a chemical factory. 这
是一家化工厂。
You should always keep these
in mind. 你应该永远记住这
些。
these 这些
this, that有时可指代一个句子或句中的一部分。如:He broke the window, and that cost him 10 dollars. (that作主语,指broke the window 这件事)
分类 用法 例句
that 那个
在打电话用
语中,常用
this介绍自己
是谁,用that
询问对方是
谁。 1.指时间或空间上离
说话人较远的人或事
物
2.常用来指前面提到
的事
3.常用来代替前面提
到的名词,以避免重
复。that指代不可数名
词或可数名词单数;
those指代可数名词复
数 I had a cold yesterday. That is
why I didn’t come. 我昨天感
冒了。那就是我没来的原
因。
The weather in Beijing is
colder than that in Guangzhou
in winter.冬天北京的天气比
广州冷。
The computers made in China
are as good as those made in
Germany.中国制造的电脑跟
德国制造的一样好。
分类 用法 例句
those 那些 1.指时间或空间上离
说话人较远的人或事
物
2.常用来指前面提到
的事
3.常用来代替前面提
到的名词,以避免重
复。that指代不可数名
词或可数名词单数;
those指代可数名词复
数 I had a cold yesterday. That is
why I didn’t come. 我昨天感
冒了。那就是我没来的原
因。
The weather in Beijing is
colder than that in Guangzhou
in winter.冬天北京的天气比
广州冷。
The computers made in China
are as good as those made in
Germany.中国制造的电脑跟
德国制造的一样好。
二、辨析指示代词it,one,ones,that,those
指示
代词 用法 例句
it 用于指代上文
中提到的同一
个名词,即同
类同物 She looked for her key everywhere
yesterday, but she couldn’t find it.昨天
她到处找自己的钥匙,但是没找到。
one/ones 泛指上文中提
到的同一类名
词,即同类异
物 I don’t like this blue bag. Please show me
a black one. 我不喜欢这个蓝色的包。
请拿一个黑色的给我看看。
Hard beds are healthier than soft ones.
硬板床比软床更有利于健康。
指示
代词 用法 例句
that/those 特指前面出现
的同类名词,
即同类异物。
指代时
需有后置定语 The climate in the south is different from
that in the north. 南方的气候和北方的
气候不同。
The cars made in China are cheaper than
those made in Germany.中国生产的汽
车比德国生产的汽车更便宜。
考点三 不定代词
一、普通不定代词
(一)both,neither和either用于谈论两个人或事物
不定
代词 含义及用法 例句
both 表示“两者都”。作主语时,
谓语动词用复数。常用短语:
both... and... 两者都…… Both of your answers are
wrong. 你的两个答案都是
错误的。
neither 表示“两者都不”。作主语
时,谓语动词通常用单数。常
用短语:neither... nor... 既
不……也不…… I tried on two shirts, but
neither fits me. 我试了两
件衬衫,但是哪一件也不
合身。
不定
代词 含义及用法 例句
either 表示“两者中的任意一个”。
作主语时,谓语动词通常用单
数。常用短语:either... or...
或者……或者…… There was no sound from
either of the flats. 两套公
寓里都没有声音。
(二)all,none和any用于谈论三个或以上的人或事物
不定
代词 含义及用法 例句
all 指“(三个或以上)都”,可指代
可数或不可数名词。all作主语
时,谓语动词单复数与所指代
或所修饰的词保持一致。其反
义词为none I remember meeting all of
you in Grade 7. 我记得七
年级时见到你们所有人的
情景。
不定
代词 含义及用法 例句
none 指“(三个或以上中)没有一
个”,可指代可数或不可数名
词,在句中充当主语、宾语或
同位语 None of these pens works.
这些钢笔一支都不能用。
—How much coffee is
left?还剩下多少咖啡?
—None at all.一点儿都没
剩。
不定
代词 含义及用法 例句
any 指“(三个或以上的)任意一
个”,用于否定句和疑问句中 There isn’t any of the red
ones left. 红色的一个不剩
了。
(三)many与much(既可作代词也可作限定词修饰名词)
相同点 意为“很多,许多”,可在句中作主语、宾语、定语
不同点 many 替代或修饰可数名词
For many students, it is easy to get to school. (限定
词)
For many of the students, it is easy to get to school.
(代词)
对于很多学生来说,上学很容易。
不同点 much 修饰或替代不可数名词
Molly thinks she has too much homework to do every
day. (限定词)
Molly认为她每天有太多作业要做了。
Much of Molly’s homework has been finished. (代
词)
Molly的大部分作业已经完成了。
二、复合不定代词
复合不定代词
everyone anyone someone no one
everybody anybody somebody nobody
somebody,anybody可指有一点地位或小有名气的人物
nobody指没有地位或默默无闻的人物
everything anything something nothing
用法及例句
1.复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语。作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。Everything is about robots and I’m not interested in that.一切都是关于机器人的,我对此不感兴趣。
2.定语修饰复合不定代词时要后置。Do you have anything valuable in your schoolbag? (形容词修饰不定代词)你书包里有什么贵重物品吗?
The poor man has nothing to eat. (不定式修饰不定代词)那个穷人没有吃的了。
3.含有复合不定代词的常用句型(1)There is something wrong with... ……出问题了。There is something wrong with my watch. 我的手表出问题了。
(2) ... has something/nothing to do with... ……与……有/无关。The car accident has something to do with him. 这起车祸与他有关。
(3)sb. can do nothing but... 某人除了……什么都不能做。We can do nothing but read in the evening. 晚上我们除了阅读什么都不能做。
考点四 疑问代词
疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词,一般位于句首,并在
句中充当主语、表语、宾语或定语。
疑问代词 用法 例句
who谁(主格) 询问人物、身份 Who told you the news?谁告
诉你这个消息的?
whom 谁(宾格) 询问人物(口语中可
用who替换) Whom are you looking for?
你正在找谁?
whose 谁的 询问所属关系 Whose wallet is this?这是谁
的钱包?
疑问代词 用法 例句
what什么
what作主语时,
谓语动词默认
单数形式 询问外貌、身份、
职业等 What does he look like?他长
什么样?
which哪个;哪
些 在规定的选择范围
内询问特定的人或
物 Which is yours, this one or
that one?
哪一个是你的,这个还是那
个?
拓展
所有疑问代词都可以作为连接代词,连接复合句中的主句和从句。
1. 所有疑问代词均可引导宾语从句。如:
Do you know who won the match at last?你知道最后谁赢得了比
赛吗?
I want to know whom you are waiting for.我想知道你在等谁。
He asked me whose coat it was.他问我这是谁的外套。
Do you know what they were talking about just now?你知道他们刚才
在谈论什么吗?
She wants to know which one is her table.她想知道哪一个是她
的桌子。
2. 除what外的疑问代词均可引导定语从句。
The bike which he rides every day is a present for his twelfth birthday.
他每天骑的自行车是他十二岁的生日礼物。
微专题四 代词考法和解题技巧
代词在语篇填空中的考查
在语篇填空中,代词必考查1道,形容词性物主代词为必考点,
it的固定句型也是重要考点。在2026年的备考中,人称代词中的宾
格、名词性物主代词、不定代词、反身代词也有考查的可能性。
中考题型聚焦
考向1 人称代词主格变形容词性物主代词 2025·56, 2024·59, 2023·57,
2022·68, 2021·58
高频考法 例句
在名词前
作定语 2025·56 Wu Daozi was one of the greatest of all Chinese
artists. He was well‑known for 1. (he) own way of
painting with excellent skills.
2024·59 When he woke up, he found 2. (he) coins
were gone.
2021·58 The area was very dry with low rainfall because of
3. (it) geographical conditions(地理条件).
his
his
its
固定搭配 2023·57 I’m finding it very difficult to make up 4. (I)
mind.
my
考向2 it作形式主语 2022·68
高频考法 例句
It takes/took sb. some time to
do sth. 做某事花费某人……时
间。 2022·68 For example, 5. took
me much time to learn new words
when I began learning Chinese.
it
基础单句训练
方框选词
I you none she everyone they it
1. He told a funny story yesterday, and I laughed a lot.
2. Jim forgot to bring his dictionary, so Alice lent him .
3. hard work will pay off—keep going, and you’ll see the
results.
4. 2025·达州 Students should be allowed to make decisions
by .
me
hers
Your
themselves
分层训练提升
5. The bird tried many times and finally managed to fly high with
strong wings.
6. 2025·枣庄 in the world wants to win, but of
them can always win, so it’s important for you to learn from failure and
don’t lose your hope.
its
Everyone
none
I you none she everyone they it
语篇运用专练
语篇填空
第一节
skillful he sport without mean invite keep good but
difficulty
/身残志坚·残疾男孩的足球梦/ When your dream is to become a
footballer, nothing should get in your way—even if you have no feet.
阻碍你,同义短语“stand in your way”
Gabriel Muniz, a Brazilian boy, was born 1. feet.
without
Although his family thought he would have many serious
2. living a normal life, he started walking before he was
one year old. His mother would go after him, expecting him to
3. falling, but he never fell. It took him a while to make the
jump from walking to playing football, 4. he did make it.
And, in fact, there’s nothing he loves more than playing football. In
his school, Gabriel is not only the 5. player in his school team
but also the leader of his gym team.
difficulties
keep
but
best
skillful he sport without mean invite keep good but
difficulty
He knows that his disability 6. he’ll never be able to play
for a professional (专业的) football team. So Gabriel is hoping that
football will one day become a(n) 7. of the Paralympics (残奥
会). He proved to everyone there he could go head to head with any other
boy. 正面较量
Watching 8. play is unbelievable. He’s fast and he’s got a big
bag of tricks—he’s very
有很多妙招
means
sport
him
skillful he sport without mean invite keep good but
difficulty
9. . He does everything he can to copy his hero Leo. In
fact, he was 10. to go to Spain to meet his hero Leo and
show his talent in the Barcelona Football Club. He shows that dreams do
come true.
skillful
invited
skillful he sport without mean invite keep good but
difficulty
第二节 (2025·青海改编)
/文化差异·礼物习俗/ Different countries have different customs
(习俗) about gifts.
As 11. exchange (交换) student studying in China, I’ve
known more interesting differences from my country, the UK. For
example, people often give fruits and milk 12. their friends and
relatives in China. In my country, they are usually for patients in
hospitals.
an
to
More western people open their gifts at once, although not in
places like Germany. 13. is also important to take off the price tag
(标签) before giving the gift.
14. will you do if you don’t like your gift? In Spain, in
order not to hurt the person’s feelings, you still need to say you love the
gift. But if 15. is the receipt (收据) inside the gift, that means
you can change it for something else.
Please remember: The thought is more valuable than the size or the
price of the gift.
礼轻情意重
It
What
there
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