内容正文:
Unit6-8重点语法归纳
Unit 6
含be going to 的一般将来时
be going to 结构是英语中表示将来时态的一种形式,它主要用于描述根据当前情况、计划或推测即将发生的动作或状态。这种结构由“be 动词(am/is/are)+ going to + 动词原形”构成。
考点1 be going to 的用法
1. 表示已经计划好或打算要做的某件事情。通常带有主观意愿,表示说话人已经做出了决定。意为“计划;打算;准备”等。
▲ I’m going to visit my aunt this weekend. 我这个周末要去看望我的姑母。
2. 表示主语根据当前的情况或迹象做出的推测,常用于“I’m sure、I’m afraid 或I think” 等后面。通常不带有主观意愿,而是基于客观事实或经验的推断。
▲ Look at the dark clouds. It’s going to rain. 看那些乌云,要下雨了。
3. be going to 常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:in + 一段时间、this afternoon、tomorrow、next year、in the future 等。
▲ We are going to learn Unit 7 next Monday. 下周一我们要学第七单元。
4. 在某些情况下,be going to 结构可以表示某个动作即将发生,这种用法通常与表示位置移动的动词连用,如come、go、leave 等。
▲ The train is going to leave in five minutes. 火车将在五分钟后离开。
考点2 be going to的句式结构
1. 含连系动词be的一般过去时的句式
肯定句
主语+ be going to + 动词(短语)原形+ 其他.
e.g. I am going to buy a new book this afternoon.
我今天下午打算买一本新书。
否定句
主语+ be + not + going to +动词(短语)原形+ 其他.
e.g. I’m not going to watch TV tonight.
我今晚不看电视。
疑问句
Be + 主语+ going to + 动词(短语)原形+ 其他?
e.g. Are you going to play tennis tomorrow?
你明天要打网球吗?
特殊
疑问句
特殊疑问词+ be +主语+ going to + 动词(短语)原形+其他?
e.g. When are you going to start your new job?
你什么时候开始你的新工作?
考点3 含有be going to的there be句型
含有be going to 的there be 句型的句子结构为“There is/are going to be + 主语+其他”。主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,be 动词用is;主语是复数名词时,be 动词用are。
▲ There are going to be two football games tomorrow. 明天将有两场足球赛。
二、 动词不定式作宾语
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,基本结构为“to+动词原形”,否定结构为“not to+ 动词原形”。动词不定式作宾语,表明意图、希望或决定的内容。
考点1 接动词不定式作宾语的常用动词
其后接动词不定式作宾语的常见动词有:
拒绝、选择和同意 (refuse、choose、agree);
期望、决定和学习 (expect、decide、learn);
宁可、假装和计划 (prefer、pretend、plan);
希望、想要和愿意 (wish/hope、want、would like).
▲ Finally he offered to go shopping with me. 最后他主动提出跟我一起去购物。
▲ I want to see a film tonight. 我想今天晚上去看电影。
有些动词后既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可以接动词-ing 作宾语,但两者的意思大不相同。
remember to do sth.记得要做某事(事情未做)
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(事情已做)
stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事情去做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
try to do sth. 设法做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
考点2 “特殊疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构作宾语
decide、know、show、ask、tell、forget、remember、find out等动词(短语)后可以接“特殊疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构作宾语。常见的疑问代词有:who、whom、what、which等,常见的疑问副词有when、where、how等。
▲ I can’t decide what to do for my mother’s birthday. 我无法决定为我母亲的生日做什么。
▲ Do you know how to turn on the blender? 你知道怎么打开搅拌机吗?
考点3 it 作形式宾语,动词不定式作真正的宾语
动词后接不定式作宾语,且宾语补足语是形容词时,常用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语(动词不定式)放在句尾。常见的有此用法的动词有:find、think、feel、believe 等。即
find/think/feel/believe + it + adj. + to do sth.
▲ I find it impossible to get through to her. 我发现根本无法让她听懂。
过关斩将
一、单项填空
1. -Jane and I _______ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us?
-Sure. See you then.
A. had B. have had C. were having D. are going to have
2. -What _______ Jim _______ to do this weekend?
-He is going to watch a football game.
A. is; go B. are; going C. does; go D. is; going
3. There _______ a basketball game at our school tomorrow. Let’s watch it together.
A. was B. had C. is going to be D. is going to have
4. -What’s your plan for the coming holiday?
-I _______ the National Stadium.
A. visit B. am visiting C. visited D. am going to visit
5. Hanfu Day in our school aims _______ students a taste of traditional Chinese culture.
A. offer B. offering C. to offer D. offered
二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
6. She hopes ___________ (find) out what’s going on around the world through news.
7. -I am going ___________ (do) a survey on how to go green later this afternoon. I need your help.
-With pleasure.
8. Everyone except Mike ___________ (be) going to play basketball because he doesn’t like it.
9. Amy hopes ___________ (study) medicine in Sichuan University.
10. Don’t forget ___________ (turn) off the TV before you leave the room.
三、短文填空
My Family’s Weekend Plans
The weekend 11. __________ (be) coming! Everyone in my family 12. __________ (have) their own plans. I 13. __________ (go) to the bookstore. I want to buy some new storybooks. My sister 14. __________(practice) the piano because she has a music exam next week.
My father 15. __________ (wash) his car in the morning. He always keeps it clean. My mother 16. __________(cook) a delicious dinner for us. We 17. __________ (watch) a movie together in the evening. I think it will be a great weekend!
Unit 7
二、一般将来时
一般将来时既可以表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也可以表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。其基本结构是“主语+will+ 动词原形”。其中will 作为助动词,没有人称和数的变化,即不管主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数,都用will。
考点1 一般将来时的基本句式结构
肯定句
主语+ will + 动词原形+ 其他.
Someday I will be a teacher.
有一天我将成为一名老师。
否定句
主语+ won’t(will not 的缩写)+ 动词原形+ 其他.
They won’t go there again.
他们将不会再去那个地方了。
一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答
Will + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+will.
否定回答:No, 主语+won’t.
-Will you go shopping this week?
这周你会去购物吗?
-Yes, I will./No, I won’t.
是的,我会去。/ 不,我不会去。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+ will + 主语+动词原形+ 其他?
How long will you stay here?
你会在这里待多久?
主语为I 或we 时,也可用“shall + 动词原形”表示一般将来时,比较正式。
▲ I will get to Beijing tomorrow. 我明天将到达北京。
考点2一般将来时的用法
1. 表示将来某一时刻发生的动作或存在的状态。
▲ We will come to see you tomorrow. 我们明天将来看你。
▲ There will be a show next week. 下周将有一场演出。
2. 表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。
▲ Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六,明天是星期日。
3. 表示预计将要发生的动作或情况。
▲ You will feel better after taking this medicine. 吃了这药后你将感觉好些。
4. 表示主观意愿的将来。
▲ They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去参观工厂。
拓展:某些表示位置移动或趋向性的动词的现在进行时可以表将来。这类动词有:come, go, leave 等。
▲ My father is leaving for Nanjing tomorrow. 我父亲明天将要去南京。
考点3 常见的时间状语
与一般将来时will连用的常见的时间状语有:tomorrow(明天)、the day after tomorrow(后天)、next week(下周)、next month(下个月)、next year(明年)、in+一段时间(在……之后)、in the future(在未来)等。
拓展:“will+动词原形” 与 “be going to+动词原形”用法比较:
1. 一般情况下,二者可以互换。
▲ He will/is going to go to a middle school. 他将要去上中学。
will +动词原形
表明说话者的主观意愿,不含“事先准备、计划”的意思。
在条件句和时间状语从句中,如果从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时,则主句中的将来时用 will。
be going to +动词原形
根据客观迹象表明马上要发生的事情,含有“事先准备、计划”的意思。
考点四、there be句型的一般将来时结构
结构
肯定句
There will be +主语+其他. / There is/are going to be +主语+其他.
否定句
在will或is/are后加not
一般疑问句
直接把will或is/are提到句首并大写首字母,回答时仍借用will或is/are
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词(短语)+一般疑问句
▲ There will be a party in my house this Saturday. 本周六在我家将有一场聚会。
▲ There are going to be two concerts this month. 这个月将有两场音乐会。
▲ There will not be a football game next week.下周没有足球赛。
▲ There isn’t going to be a meeting this afternoon. 今天下午没有会议。
▲ -Will there be a book sale this term? 这学期有售书活动吗?
▲ -Yes, there will./No, there won’t. 是的,有。/ 不,没有。
▲ What will there be this weekend? 这个周末将有什么?
过关斩将
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I think it _________ (be) rainy tomorrow.
2. He _________ (not live) in a big house in a month.
3. -I’m afraid I may forget the charity walk next week.
-Take it easy. Mr Wu _________ (call) you the day before.
4. Some people believe robots _________ (take) most jobs away from humans in the future.
5. _________ my father _________ (buy) me a bike when I am old enough?
6. I think I _________ (spend) more time with my parents in the future.
7. There _________ (be) at least six underground lines in Wuxi in five years.
二、短文填空
My Weekend Plans
I am excited about my plans for next weekend. On Saturday morning, I 8. __________ (go) to the park with my family. We 9. __________ (have) a picnic there and enjoy the beautiful scenery. In the afternoon, I will play football with my friends. I 10. __________ (not go) to school, because it’s a rest day.
But I 11. _________ (do) my homework on Sunday. In the morning, I will finish all my math exercises. Then, in the afternoon, I will help my mom with the housework. After that, I will watch a movie with my sister. 12. ________ you _________ (have) any plans for the weekend? I would like to hear about them. Maybe we can do something fun together.
/
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
Unit 8
if 引导的条件状语从句
在复合句中作条件状语的句子叫作条件状语从句。用于表示假设的情况及其可能产生的结果。条件状语从句常用if 来引导。if 引导的条件状语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后;从句位于主句之前时,常用逗号将其与主句隔开。
考点1 含if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句中主从句的时态
在含有 if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,主句为以下情况之一的,条件状语从句用一般现在时:
1. 主句用一般将来时 【主将从现】
主将从现
2. 主句谓语部分含有情态动词(may, might, can, must, should 等) 【主情从现】
3. 主句为祈使句 【主祈从现】
考点2 含有if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句与其他句型的转换
1. 与“祈使句+ and/or + 陈述句”进行互换。and 表示顺承关系,or 表示“否则”。
▲ If you go to the movies, you won’t finish your homework. = Don’t go to the movies, or you won’t finish your homework. 如果你去看电影,你就完不成作业。
2. 借助without 来转换
▲ If there is no water, the fish will die. = The fish will die without water. 鱼没有水会死。
3. if. . . not 结构有时可与unless 引导的条件状语从句进行转换
▲ If she doesn’t arrive on time, we’ll have to start without her. = Unless she arrives on time, we’ll have to start without her.
如果她不能准时到达,我们将不得不开始(活动/会议等)而不等她。
拓展:if 作“是否”讲,引导宾语从句的用法(if 作“是否”讲引导宾语从句时,可whether 互换)
1. 当主句是现在的某种时态时,if 从句的时态根据实际情况而定。【主现从无限】
▲ I don’t know if he will come to school tomorrow. 我不知道明天他是否来学校。
▲ No one tells me if he went out last night. 没人告诉我他昨天晚上是否出去了。
2. 当主句是过去的某种时态时,if 从句要用过去的某种时态。【主过从必过】
▲ Lucy asked Tom if he was afraid of dogs. 露西问汤姆他是否害怕狗。
▲ He wanted to know if you lived in the city. 他想知道你是否住在城里。
过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. -When is the school sports meeting?
-It is going to be held next Thursday if it _______ that day.
A. rains B. will rain C. won’t rain D. doesn’t rain
2. If you are lazy in spring, you _______ nothing in autumn.
A. harvested B. will harvest C. are harvesting D. have harvested
3. -When is the school sports meeting?
- It is going to be held next Thursday if it _______ that day.
A. rains B. will rain C. won’t rain D. doesn’t rain
4. If you are lazy in spring, you _______ nothing in autumn.
A. harvested B. will harvest C. are harvesting D. have harvested
5. If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you _______ a great time there.
A. have B. had C. will have D. have had
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. If Kate ___________ (finish) her homework, her parents will allow her to hang out with friends.
7. If you ___________ (need) more information about Zhalong Nature Reserve, you may search the Internet after class.
8. If you ___________ (eat) bad food, you may fall ill.
9. If the lights ___________ (be) red, wait a minute.
三、按要求完成句子
10. 如果你们同意我的看法,请举手。(翻译句子)
11. 如果乘公交车去机场的话,我会错过我的航班。(根据汉语意思完成句子)
If I __________the bus to the airport, I’ll __________my flight.
12. If John doesn’t improve his handwriting, he will lose marks in the exam.(同义句转换)
__________ John __________ his handwriting, he will lose marks in the exam.
13. Be careful, and you won’t make the same mistake again.(同义句转换)
__________ you __________ careful, you will make the same mistake again.
/
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$Unit6-8重点语法归纳
Unit 6
含be going to 的一般将来时
be going to 结构是英语中表示将来时态的一种形式,它主要用于描述根据当前情况、计划或推测即将发生的动作或状态。这种结构由“be 动词(am/is/are)+ going to + 动词原形”构成。
考点1 be going to 的用法
1. 表示已经计划好或打算要做的某件事情。通常带有主观意愿,表示说话人已经做出了决定。意为“计划;打算;准备”等。
▲ I’m going to visit my aunt this weekend. 我这个周末要去看望我的姑母。
2. 表示主语根据当前的情况或迹象做出的推测,常用于“I’m sure、I’m afraid 或I think” 等后面。通常不带有主观意愿,而是基于客观事实或经验的推断。
▲ Look at the dark clouds. It’s going to rain. 看那些乌云,要下雨了。
3. be going to 常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:in + 一段时间、this afternoon、tomorrow、next year、in the future 等。
▲ We are going to learn Unit 7 next Monday. 下周一我们要学第七单元。
4. 在某些情况下,be going to 结构可以表示某个动作即将发生,这种用法通常与表示位置移动的动词连用,如come、go、leave 等。
▲ The train is going to leave in five minutes. 火车将在五分钟后离开。
考点2 be going to的句式结构
1. 含连系动词be的一般过去时的句式
肯定句
主语+ be going to + 动词(短语)原形+ 其他.
e.g. I am going to buy a new book this afternoon.
我今天下午打算买一本新书。
否定句
主语+ be + not + going to +动词(短语)原形+ 其他.
e.g. I’m not going to watch TV tonight.
我今晚不看电视。
疑问句
Be + 主语+ going to + 动词(短语)原形+ 其他?
e.g. Are you going to play tennis tomorrow?
你明天要打网球吗?
特殊
疑问句
特殊疑问词+ be +主语+ going to + 动词(短语)原形+其他?
e.g. When are you going to start your new job?
你什么时候开始你的新工作?
考点3 含有be going to的there be句型
含有be going to 的there be 句型的句子结构为“There is/are going to be + 主语+其他”。主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,be 动词用is;主语是复数名词时,be 动词用are。
▲ There are going to be two football games tomorrow. 明天将有两场足球赛。
二、 动词不定式作宾语
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,基本结构为“to+动词原形”,否定结构为“not to+ 动词原形”。动词不定式作宾语,表明意图、希望或决定的内容。
考点1 接动词不定式作宾语的常用动词
其后接动词不定式作宾语的常见动词有:
拒绝、选择和同意 (refuse、choose、agree);
期望、决定和学习 (expect、decide、learn);
宁可、假装和计划 (prefer、pretend、plan);
希望、想要和愿意 (wish/hope、want、would like).
▲ Finally he offered to go shopping with me. 最后他主动提出跟我一起去购物。
▲ I want to see a film tonight. 我想今天晚上去看电影。
有些动词后既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可以接动词-ing 作宾语,但两者的意思大不相同。
remember to do sth.记得要做某事(事情未做)
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(事情已做)
stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事情去做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
try to do sth. 设法做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
考点2 “特殊疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构作宾语
decide、know、show、ask、tell、forget、remember、find out等动词(短语)后可以接“特殊疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构作宾语。常见的疑问代词有:who、whom、what、which等,常见的疑问副词有when、where、how等。
▲ I can’t decide what to do for my mother’s birthday. 我无法决定为我母亲的生日做什么。
▲ Do you know how to turn on the blender? 你知道怎么打开搅拌机吗?
考点3 it 作形式宾语,动词不定式作真正的宾语
动词后接不定式作宾语,且宾语补足语是形容词时,常用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语(动词不定式)放在句尾。常见的有此用法的动词有:find、think、feel、believe 等。即
find/think/feel/believe + it + adj. + to do sth.
▲ I find it impossible to get through to her. 我发现根本无法让她听懂。
过关斩将
一、单项填空
1. -Jane and I _______ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us?
-Sure. See you then.
A. had B. have had C. were having D. are going to have
2. -What _______ Jim _______ to do this weekend?
-He is going to watch a football game.
A. is; go B. are; going C. does; go D. is; going
3. There _______ a basketball game at our school tomorrow. Let’s watch it together.
A. was B. had C. is going to be D. is going to have
4. -What’s your plan for the coming holiday?
-I _______ the National Stadium.
A. visit B. am visiting C. visited D. am going to visit
5. Hanfu Day in our school aims _______ students a taste of traditional Chinese culture.
A. offer B. offering C. to offer D. offered
【答案】1-5:DBCDC
二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
6. She hopes ___________ (find) out what’s going on around the world through news.
7. -I am going ___________ (do) a survey on how to go green later this afternoon. I need your help.
-With pleasure.
8. Everyone except Mike ___________ (be) going to play basketball because he doesn’t like it.
9. Amy hopes ___________ (study) medicine in Sichuan University.
10. Don’t forget ___________ (turn) off the TV before you leave the room.
【答案】6.to find 7.to do 8. is 9. to study 10. to turn
三、短文填空
My Family’s Weekend Plans
The weekend 11. __________ (be) coming! Everyone in my family 12. __________ (have) their own plans. I 13. __________ (go) to the bookstore. I want to buy some new storybooks. My sister 14. __________(practice) the piano because she has a music exam next week.
My father 15. __________ (wash) his car in the morning. He always keeps it clean. My mother 16. __________(cook) a delicious dinner for us. We 17. __________ (watch) a movie together in the evening. I think it will be a great weekend!
【答案】11. Is 12. is going to have 13. am going to go 14. is going to practice 15. is going to wash
16. is going to cook 17. are going to watch
/
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
Unit 7
二、一般将来时
一般将来时既可以表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也可以表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。其基本结构是“主语+will+ 动词原形”。其中will 作为助动词,没有人称和数的变化,即不管主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数,都用will。
考点1 一般将来时的基本句式结构
肯定句
主语+ will + 动词原形+ 其他.
Someday I will be a teacher.
有一天我将成为一名老师。
否定句
主语+ won’t(will not 的缩写)+ 动词原形+ 其他.
They won’t go there again.
他们将不会再去那个地方了。
一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答
Will + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+will.
否定回答:No, 主语+won’t.
-Will you go shopping this week?
这周你会去购物吗?
-Yes, I will./No, I won’t.
是的,我会去。/ 不,我不会去。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+ will + 主语+动词原形+ 其他?
How long will you stay here?
你会在这里待多久?
主语为I 或we 时,也可用“shall + 动词原形”表示一般将来时,比较正式。
▲ I will get to Beijing tomorrow. 我明天将到达北京。
考点2一般将来时的用法
1. 表示将来某一时刻发生的动作或存在的状态。
▲ We will come to see you tomorrow. 我们明天将来看你。
▲ There will be a show next week. 下周将有一场演出。
2. 表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。
▲ Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六,明天是星期日。
3. 表示预计将要发生的动作或情况。
▲ You will feel better after taking this medicine. 吃了这药后你将感觉好些。
4. 表示主观意愿的将来。
▲ They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去参观工厂。
拓展:某些表示位置移动或趋向性的动词的现在进行时可以表将来。这类动词有:come, go, leave 等。
▲ My father is leaving for Nanjing tomorrow. 我父亲明天将要去南京。
考点3 常见的时间状语
与一般将来时will连用的常见的时间状语有:tomorrow(明天)、the day after tomorrow(后天)、next week(下周)、next month(下个月)、next year(明年)、in+一段时间(在……之后)、in the future(在未来)等。
拓展:“will+动词原形” 与 “be going to+动词原形”用法比较:
1. 一般情况下,二者可以互换。
▲ He will/is going to go to a middle school. 他将要去上中学。
will +动词原形
表明说话者的主观意愿,不含“事先准备、计划”的意思。
在条件句和时间状语从句中,如果从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时,则主句中的将来时用 will。
be going to +动词原形
根据客观迹象表明马上要发生的事情,含有“事先准备、计划”的意思。
考点四、there be句型的一般将来时结构
结构
肯定句
There will be +主语+其他. / There is/are going to be +主语+其他.
否定句
在will或is/are后加not
一般疑问句
直接把will或is/are提到句首并大写首字母,回答时仍借用will或is/are
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词(短语)+一般疑问句
▲ There will be a party in my house this Saturday. 本周六在我家将有一场聚会。
▲ There are going to be two concerts this month. 这个月将有两场音乐会。
▲ There will not be a football game next week.下周没有足球赛。
▲ There isn’t going to be a meeting this afternoon. 今天下午没有会议。
▲ -Will there be a book sale this term? 这学期有售书活动吗?
▲ -Yes, there will./No, there won’t. 是的,有。/ 不,没有。
▲ What will there be this weekend? 这个周末将有什么?
过关斩将
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I think it _________ (be) rainy tomorrow.
2. He _________ (not live) in a big house in a month.
3. -I’m afraid I may forget the charity walk next week.
-Take it easy. Mr Wu _________ (call) you the day before.
4. Some people believe robots _________ (take) most jobs away from humans in the future.
5. _________ my father _________ (buy) me a bike when I am old enough?
6. I think I _________ (spend) more time with my parents in the future.
7. There _________ (be) at least six underground lines in Wuxi in five years.
【答案】1. will be 2. won’t live 3. will call 4. will take 5. Will buy
6. will spend 7. will be
二、短文填空
My Weekend Plans
I am excited about my plans for next weekend. On Saturday morning, I 8. __________ (go) to the park with my family. We 9. __________ (have) a picnic there and enjoy the beautiful scenery. In the afternoon, I will play football with my friends. I 10. __________ (not go) to school, because it’s a rest day.
But I 11. _________ (do) my homework on Sunday. In the morning, I will finish all my math exercises. Then, in the afternoon, I will help my mom with the housework. After that, I will watch a movie with my sister. 12. ________ you _________ (have) any plans for the weekend? I would like to hear about them. Maybe we can do something fun together.
【答案】8. will go 9. will have 10. won’t go 11. will do 12. Do have
Unit 8
if 引导的条件状语从句
在复合句中作条件状语的句子叫作条件状语从句。用于表示假设的情况及其可能产生的结果。条件状语从句常用if 来引导。if 引导的条件状语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后;从句位于主句之前时,常用逗号将其与主句隔开。
考点1 含if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句中主从句的时态
在含有 if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,主句为以下情况之一的,条件状语从句用一般现在时:
1. 主句用一般将来时 【主将从现】
主将从现
2. 主句谓语部分含有情态动词(may, might, can, must, should 等) 【主情从现】
3. 主句为祈使句 【主祈从现】
考点2 含有if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句与其他句型的转换
1. 与“祈使句+ and/or + 陈述句”进行互换。and 表示顺承关系,or 表示“否则”。
▲ If you go to the movies, you won’t finish your homework. = Don’t go to the movies, or you won’t finish your homework. 如果你去看电影,你就完不成作业。
2. 借助without 来转换
▲ If there is no water, the fish will die. = The fish will die without water. 鱼没有水会死。
3. if. . . not 结构有时可与unless 引导的条件状语从句进行转换
▲ If she doesn’t arrive on time, we’ll have to start without her. = Unless she arrives on time, we’ll have to start without her.
如果她不能准时到达,我们将不得不开始(活动/会议等)而不等她。
拓展:if 作“是否”讲,引导宾语从句的用法(if 作“是否”讲引导宾语从句时,可whether 互换)
1. 当主句是现在的某种时态时,if 从句的时态根据实际情况而定。【主现从无限】
▲ I don’t know if he will come to school tomorrow. 我不知道明天他是否来学校。
▲ No one tells me if he went out last night. 没人告诉我他昨天晚上是否出去了。
2. 当主句是过去的某种时态时,if 从句要用过去的某种时态。【主过从必过】
▲ Lucy asked Tom if he was afraid of dogs. 露西问汤姆他是否害怕狗。
▲ He wanted to know if you lived in the city. 他想知道你是否住在城里。
过关斩将
一、单项选择
1. -When is the school sports meeting?
-It is going to be held next Thursday if it _______ that day.
A. rains B. will rain C. won’t rain D. doesn’t rain
2. If you are lazy in spring, you _______ nothing in autumn.
A. harvested B. will harvest C. are harvesting D. have harvested
3. -When is the school sports meeting?
- It is going to be held next Thursday if it _______ that day.
A. rains B. will rain C. won’t rain D. doesn’t rain
4. If you are lazy in spring, you _______ nothing in autumn.
A. harvested B. will harvest C. are harvesting D. have harvested
5. If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you _______ a great time there.
A. have B. had C. will have D. have had
【答案】1-5: DBAAC
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
6. If Kate ___________ (finish) her homework, her parents will allow her to hang out with friends.
7. If you ___________ (need) more information about Zhalong Nature Reserve, you may search the Internet after class.
8. If you ___________ (eat) bad food, you may fall ill.
9. If the lights ___________ (be) red, wait a minute.
【答案】6. finishes 7. need 8. eat 9.are
三、按要求完成句子
10. 如果你们同意我的看法,请举手。(翻译句子)
11. 如果乘公交车去机场的话,我会错过我的航班。(根据汉语意思完成句子)
If I __________the bus to the airport, I’ll __________my flight.
12. If John doesn’t improve his handwriting, he will lose marks in the exam.(同义句转换)
__________ John __________ his handwriting, he will lose marks in the exam.
13. Be careful, and you won’t make the same mistake again.(同义句转换)
__________ you __________ careful, you will make the same mistake again.
【答案】10. If you agree with me, please raise/put up your hand/put your hand up.
11.take; miss 12. Unless; improves 13. If ; aren’ t
$