Unit 2 Stay Healthy （阅读策略）-2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固（人教版2024）

2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(人教版2024) Unit 2 Stay Healthy阅读策略 目录 第一部分 阅读主题阐释锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 词句策略积累用法精析 变式巩固 第三部分 阅读强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 阅读主题阐释 “Stay healthy” 是八年级英语下册 Unit 2 的核心主题，聚焦 “健康与急救” 核心内容，涵盖身体健康维护（饮食、运动、睡眠）、常见症状应对、基础急救常识及心理健康调节等维度，通过说明文、情景对话等语篇形式，引导学生理解健康的多元内涵，掌握相关英语表达并树立科学健康观。 1. 主题内涵 主题内涵指健康的全面性与实践性，既包括身体机能的良好状态（如无病痛、机能正常），也涵盖心理层面的积极状态，同时强调通过主动行动维护健康的重要性。例如：“Staying healthy means not only having no stomachaches or sore throats, but also keeping a positive mindset and knowing how to deal with small injuries, like washing a cut with clean water first.” 2. 素养体现 核心素养体现为语言能力、健康意识与思维能力的融合。语言能力上，能运用特定词汇句式描述健康问题与建议；健康意识上，通过语篇建立科学习惯；思维能力上，能分析健康建议的合理性。例如：When reading about “sleep hygiene”, students can understand sentences like “Avoiding electronic devices before bed helps improve sleep quality” and explain why it’s a good habit。 3. 策略要求 策略要求侧重语篇信息提取与应用，包括定位关键信息、理解建议逻辑、运用常识推理等。例如：When answering “What should you do if you have a sore throat?”, students need to find key phrases like “drink hot tea with honey” from the text and use the structure “should + verb” to respond。 4. 文化品质 文化品质体现在中外健康观念的共通与差异，如对均衡饮食、规律作息的共同重视，以及不同文化中的健康谚语与习惯。例如：“An apple a day keeps the doctor away” is a common English proverb, showing Western emphasis on daily healthy eating, similar to Chinese ideas of “eating more vegetables for nutrition”。 ◇Part 02 词句策略积累 一、主题词汇 症状与病痛类：headache 头痛；stomachache 胃痛；sore throat 喉咙痛；sore back 背痛；toothache 牙痛；fever 发烧；cut 伤口；hurt 疼痛；ache 酸痛；injury 受伤；illness 疾病；cold 感冒；flu 流感；pain 疼痛 饮食与营养类：balanced diet 均衡饮食；nutrient 营养物质；carbohydrate 碳水化合物；protein 蛋白质；vitamin 维生素；mineral 矿物质；vegetable 蔬菜；fruit 水果；grain 谷物；junk food 垃圾食品；candy 糖果；chocolate 巧克力；healthy food 健康食品；processed food 加工食品；olive oil 橄榄油 运动与健康类：exercise 锻炼；physical activity 体育活动；running 跑步；swimming 游泳；cycling 骑行；yoga 瑜伽；strength-training 力量训练；endurance 耐力；flexibility 灵活性；fit 健康的；keep fit 保持健康；stay healthy 保持健康；active 活跃的；energy 能量；stamina 体力 急救与护理类：lie down 躺下；wash 冲洗；cover 覆盖；bandage 绷带；put on a bandage 包扎；call 120 拨打 120；medicine 药物；take medicine 吃药；rest 休息；sleep hygiene 睡眠卫生；immune system 免疫系统；heal 愈合；recovery 恢复 心理与习惯类：mental health 心理健康；stress 压力；anxiety 焦虑；positive mindset 积极心态；cope with 应对；habit 习惯；sleep schedule 作息时间表；early to bed 早睡；early to rise 早起；concentration 注意力；memory 记忆力 二、主题句式 询问健康问题类：What's the matter with you? 你怎么了？；What's wrong with him? 他出什么事了？；Do you have a headache? 你头痛吗？；How do you feel today? 你今天感觉怎么样？；Is your back still hurting? 你的背还疼吗？ 提建议句型类：You should drink more hot water. 你应该多喝热水。；You shouldn't stay up late. 你不应该熬夜。；We should exercise for 30 minutes every day. 我们应该每天锻炼 30 分钟。；You had better see a doctor. 你最好去看医生。；It's good to eat fruits every morning. 每天早上吃水果很好。 描述症状与影响类：He has a toothache and can't eat. 他牙痛，吃不了东西。；My head hurts badly. 我头痛得厉害。；Sleep deprivation makes us tired. 睡眠不足让我们很累。；Eating too much junk food leads to weight gain. 吃太多垃圾食品导致体重增加。；She hurt herself when playing basketball. 她打篮球时伤到了自己。 健康观念陈述类：Health is more important than wealth. 健康比财富更重要。；A balanced diet is the foundation of health. 均衡饮食是健康的基础。；Regular exercise keeps us fit. 规律锻炼让我们保持健康。；Mental health is as important as physical health. 心理健康和身体健康同样重要。；Good sleep helps our bodies recover. 良好的睡眠帮助身体恢复。 急救步骤描述类：First, we should help him lie down. 首先，我们应该帮他躺下。；Next, put an ice bag on the injury. 接下来，在伤口上敷冰袋。；Then, call his parents or 120. 然后，给他父母或 120 打电话。；Finally, wait for the doctor to come. 最后，等医生来。；You should wash the cut with clean water first. 你应该先用清水冲洗伤口。 巩｜固｜练｜习 根据提示翻译句子。 1.如果你喉咙痛，你应该喝加蜂蜜的热茶。（提示：sore throat, should, honey） 2.他打篮球时摔倒了，伤到了自己。（提示：fall down, hurt, himself） 3.均衡饮食对保持健康很重要。（提示：balanced diet, important, stay healthy） 4.睡眠不足会削弱我们的免疫系统。（提示：sleep deprivation, weaken, immune system） 5.如果你割伤了手指，首先应该做什么？（提示：cut, finger, first, do） 三、优化策略 1. 关键词定位策略 适用于细节理解题，针对 “症状描述、急救步骤、健康建议” 等具体信息，通过题干中的名词（如 toothache、balanced diet）、动词（如 hurt、exercise）定位原文对应句段。例如：在寻找 “割伤后的处理方法” 时，定位 “cut”“wash”“bandage” 等关键词，可快速找到 “Youshould wash it with some clean water first” 等关键句。该策略能帮助学生精准提取单元核心考点，避免无关信息干扰。 2. 首尾段主旨法 用于把握语篇中心思想，“Stay healthy” 主题语篇常在首尾段点明主旨，如开头提 “健康的重要性”，结尾总结 “养成健康习惯的方法”。例如：某篇关于睡眠的阅读文，首段 “Sleep is essential for our well-being” 和尾段 “Good sleep hygiene helps us stay healthy” 可快速概括主旨。此策略能培养学生归纳主题的能力，契合单元对健康观念的渗透要求。 3. 逻辑推理策略 针对推理判断题，通过因果（so、because）、转折（but、however）等逻辑词推断隐含信息。例如：原文 “Processed foods are often high in sugar, so eating too much is bad”，可推断 “Weshould eat less processed food”。该策略帮助学生理解健康建议的逻辑依据，深化对主题内涵的理解。 4. 语境猜词策略 用于破解陌生主题词汇，结合举例（for example）、解释（that is）等语境线索。例如：通过 “Vitamins and minerals, abundant in fruits and vegetables”，由 “fruits and vegetables” 可推测 “minerals” 意为 “矿物质”。此策略助力学生积累主题词汇，提升在健康语篇中的阅读流畅度。 ◇Part 03 阅读强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 1 ①Twelve-year-old Preston Cabral eats meat nearly every day at home, but his favorite meals are meatless lunches at school. These meals have encouraged his family to make more vegetarian (素食的) food at home. This, experts say, is a healthy change for them—and for the planet. ②How to get people to eat less meat is one of the trickiest problems of the 21st century. But experts agree that climate change and a growing global population call for a change in how humans get their protein (蛋白质). ③From a health report, many people eat far more meat than needed. That puts them at risk of getting fat, heart disease and other health problems. At the same time, meat production is a key driver of climate change. According to recent research, at least 14.5% of the world’s greenhouse gases are from livestock sector (畜牧业). And compared to people who often eat meat, people who enjoy vegetables have just 30% of the environmental influence. ④However, changing people’s behavior is not so easy. In most parts of the world, people are used to eating meat. There is also a belief that meat is necessary for children to grow up healthily. ⑤Though it’s challenging, there are things that can be done to cut meat eating. Stressing the connection between meat and animals seems to work. For example, putting photos of meat dishes on menus beside those of the animals that they come from has turned out to be useful. Another way is to call on people to care for animals. People who love animals are more likely to buy or eat less meat than those who don’t. ⑥Gradual efforts to change behavior can also help make healthy choices more convenient. They can be as simple as serving less meat with more vegetables at home and in restaurants. Or they can offer more vegetarian choices in stores. These changes seem to be helpful to cut down people’s need for meat. 1．At the beginning of the passage, the writer leads in the topic by ________. A．telling stories B．questioning experts C．giving examples D．showing reasons 2．Which paragraph mainly talks about the problems of eating too much meat? A．Paragraph 2. B．Paragraph 3. C．Paragraph 4. D．Paragraph 5. 3．To encourage people to eat less meat, we can ________. A．produce less meat in factories B．connect meat dishes with animals C．share photos of animals with others D．offer meat dishes only in restaurants 4．What is the right structure (结构) of this passage? A．①②/③/④/⑤⑥ B．①/②③/④⑤/⑥ C．①/②③/④/⑤⑥ D．①②/③/④⑤/⑥ 2 Teeth are important. Strong, healthy teeth help you chew (咀嚼) the food that helps you grow. They help you speak clearly. And they help you look your best. Here are some tips for you to take care of your teeth. ·Brush your teeth in the right way. Brush your teeth at least twice a day—after breakfast and before bedtime. If you can, brush after having lunch or after eating sweet snacks (点心), too. Brush all of your teeth, not just the front ones. Spend time brushing teeth along the sides and back of your mouth. Spend at least three minutes each time you brush. Play a song you like to help you pass the time. Get a new toothbrush every three months. When you buy a toothbrush, be sure it has soft (柔软的) bristles (刷子毛). ·Learn how to floss your teeth (用牙线清洁你的牙齿). Flossing is a very important way to keep your teeth healthy. Food may hide (隐藏) between two teeth. Flossing can help throw it away. You’ll need to floss your teeth at least once a day. ·Have good eating habits. You need to be careful about what you eat and drink. Eating sugar is a major (主要的) cause of tooth decay (蛀牙). Eat lots of fruit and vegetables and drink water instead of soda (苏打水). 5．How many times at least should we brush our teeth a day? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 6．How often should we change our toothbrushes? A．Never. B．Three times a month. C．Every three months. D．Every month. 7．What kind of bristles of the toothbrush should we buy? A．The hard ones. B．The soft ones. C．The long ones. D．The short ones. 8．Which is the right way to take care of teeth? A．Only brush front teeth. B．Don’t brush your teeth before sleeping. C．Spend at most three minutes brushing teeth each time. D．Eat lots of fruit and vegetables and drink water instead of soda. 3 Nowadays, a lot of people around the world enjoy jogging. It is a kind of running. Jogging means running slowly, but it is still faster than walking. In the mornings and evenings, you can see people jogging in parks or along city streets. One of the reasons is that jogging is an excellent way of exercise. It helps people lose weight and keep them active. More importantly, jogging is suitable for everyone, no matter how fit you are. For most people, jogging is helpful. It can make their hearts work better. Scientists think that jogging can reduce the risk of heart problems. For beginners, jogging is a good start. Because the exercise is not very difficult, beginners can easily give it a try. Another reason is that jogging is cheaper than many sports—to start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes. Although jogging is good, overdoing it is harmful to the body. It’s not a good idea to jog every day. The body needs time to get better from exercise. If you keep training for years and you are quite fit, it’s okay to jog five or six times a week. But remember, ______. As you can see, jogging can lead to plenty of improvements in health. Jog with friends in a right way. You will feel much healthier. Just try it. 9．What can we know about jogging from paragraph 1? A．Few people like jogging. B．It is difficult for people to jog. C．Running is faster than jogging. D．Jogging is the same as walking. 10．What does the underlined word “suitable” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Fit. B．Expensive. C．Difficult. D．Interesting. 11．Which of the following can be put in “______” in Paragraph 4? A．eat more junk food to gain energy. B．take at least one day off each week. C．increase your jogging distance every day. D．always jog faster to improve fitness. 12．What can we learn from the passage? A．People with heart problems should not jog. B．Different people should jog in different ways. C．We should jog as often as possible to keep fit. D．Jogging is the most important sport in the world. 13．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Ways of Jogging B．Problems of Jogging C．Popularity of Jogging D．Advantages of Jogging 4 Many schools hold sports games in autumn. It turns out that autumn might be the best season to work out! During this time, the weather is great. After a hot summer, the autumn air is cool and fresh, like a natural air conditioner (空调)! In such weather, you can run, hike, cycle or walk outside without sweating (出汗) much. No more worrying about colds—autumn makes outdoor exercise safer, even when playing for a long time. Cool autumn days and daily exercise can help you sleep better, keeping you healthy. Also, autumn is very pretty! Colorful leaves and nice views can make you happier. When you exercise in nature, fresh air and beautiful views clear your mind too. And don’t forget food! Autumn is harvest time—you can easily buy apples, pumpkins, sweet potatoes or pears. They’re full of vitamins, delicious but not expensive. Eating these foods and working out are great! Autumn exercise can also get you ready for winter. It helps you have happy chemicals (化学物质) to fight sad feelings from short days. It also makes your body stronger, so you might not catch a cold in winter. 14．What does the underlined phrase “work out” mean in the first paragraph? A．study at school B．do exercise C．solve a problem D．go on a holiday 15．What does the word “It” refer to in the last paragraph? A．Good sleep. B．Your body. C．Autumn exercise. D．Cool autumn days. 16．How is the text organized? A．By telling a story about autumn. B．By showing how to exercise in autumn. C．By comparing autumn with other seasons. D．By giving reasons why autumn is good for exercise. 5 Researchers at Pennsylvania State University chose 45 healthy overweight people who agreed to try three different kinds of diets. Their study appeared on Wednesday in the Journal of the American Heart Association. One was a low-fat diet that included lots of fruits, low-fat dairy products, and small amounts of red meat. The other two were moderate-fat diets. That is, the fat they included was not very high or very low. The kinds of foods and meals were similar to the low-fat diet, but they included more nuts and oils. The only difference between the two was the avocado—a pear-shaped fruit with a thick green or dark purple skin. One diet included a daily serving of one avocado, and the other diet had the same amount of fat from other sources. At the end of the study, the researchers found that the avocado diet led to a big, noticeable drop in LDL compared with the other two diets. LDL is the bad kind of cholesterol (胆固醇), which is found in your blood. Too much LDL in your body may cause heart disease. “I was surprised to see the added advantage of the avocado,” said Penny Kris-Etherton, a nutrition (营养) scientist at Penn State and the lead author (作者) of the study. She says she’d like to do further research to explain the added drop in LDL in the study groups. It’s possible that the fiber (纤维) in avocados may play a role in lowering the cholesterol, she says, “In the U.S., most people do not eat an avocado every day because of its high prices. Some people have it with chips,” Penny added. But one caveat for anyone who loves avocado dip (酱): When it’s served up with chips, the calories can add up. Calories show how much energy food will produce. A half cup of avocado dip has about 200 calories all on its own. 17．What can we learn about the three kinds of diets? A．The low-fat diet mainly included nuts and oils. B．The avocado diet included three avocados a day. C．All three diets had totally different kinds of foods. D．The moderate-fat diets probably had milky products. 18．The study shows that the avocado ________. A．always causes heart disease B．makes people put on weight C．can reduce the level of LDL D．is a good source of nutrition 19．What Penny said in Paragraph 4 shows her ________. A．doubt B．excitement C．sadness D．kindness 20．What does the underlined word “caveat” probably mean? A．Joke. B．Choice. C．Pity. D．Warning. 21．The main purpose of the text is to ________. A．report a research result B．introduce a kind of fruit C．describe the avocado dip D．ask people to go on a diet 6 Ethan loves sweet food. He has lots of candy, chocolate, cola (可乐), and ice cream. One morning, his mother says, “Ethan, you have too much sugar for your breakfast.” Ethan looks at the food in front of him and says, “I just have some cakes, chocolate and cola. They are delicious. I like them, Mum.” Day by day, his teeth start to ache (痛). He asks his mother for help. “Ethan, too much sweet food is bad for your teeth. I think you should go to the dentist (牙医),” says his mum. “But I’m not a rabbit. ▲ ,” says Ethan. “I know, but you can’t get all the nutrition (营养) from the sweet food. It’s OK to eat sweet food sometimes, but you can’t eat it every day. How about an egg, some bread and milk for tomorrow’s breakfast?” says his mother. Ethan wants to say no, but he thinks it isn’t bad to have a try. He doesn’t want to see the dentist. 22．What can we learn about the breakfast Ethan always has? A．It is very healthy. B．It has too much sugar. C．It has some vegetables. D．It is made by his mother. 23．Why does Ethan ask his mother for help? A．His teeth start to ache. B．He wants to try other kinds of food. C．He wants more sweet food. D．He doesn’t want to go to the dentist. 24．What does Ethan’s mother suggest (建议) for his next breakfast? A．Vegetables and bread. B．An egg, some bread and milk. C．Only fruit and juice. D．A big bowl of porridge. 25．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．I need more sleep. B．I love playing sports. C．I want some juice. D．I don’t like eating vegetables. 26．What can we learn from the story? A．Mom is not always right. B．Rabbits don’t eat sweet food. C．People should often see a dentist. D．Eating too much sugar is bad for our teeth. 7 Recently, a fitness coach (健身教练) has become popular and famous. He helps people learn about how to keep healthy by exercising. He points out some wrong ideas about sports and exercise, and teaches people the right ones. “A plate of chicken is a good meal before games because it has much energy (能量).” Wrong! In fact, the best meal before games should have carbohydrates (碳水化合物). Foods like potatoes, bread, and bananas are rich in them, but meat is not. “The best time to exercise is in the early morning.” Wrong! Morning is OK for you, but in fact, you can choose any time to exercise and enjoy the feeling of getting healthier. So you needn't exercise at a fixed (固定的) time. “If you drink water when you exercise, you will feel tired.” Wrong! You must have some water during breaks when you exercise. You had better drink some water after half an hour of strenuous exercise (剧烈运动). Without enough water, you may feel tired and uncomfortable. “Exercising every day is quite important.” Wrong! Too much exercise is bad for your health. You need to give your body a day of rest. 27．Before games, it is better for you to eat _______ according to the passage. A．potatoes B．chicken C．fish D．beef 28．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Evening is the best time to exercise. B．Don’t drink water during breaks when you exercise. C．You should eat enough meat before games. D．Exercising too much is not good for us. 29．What is the main purpose (目的) of the passage? A．To tell us about a famous fitness coach. B．To tell us how to keep healthy by exercising properly. C．To tell us some foods to eat while exercising. D．To tell us how to become popular online. 8 Many teenagers don’t care about their health these days. Wei Ming is one of them. She often skips breakfast and only eats fast food for lunch. It has become her habit to stop by a fast food restaurant after school. Sometimes she eats too much fast food and skips dinner. Then, she gets hungry and eats something late at night. Wei Ming doesn’t exercise. She doesn’t like to go outside to play, either. She always stays home and watches TV. She also likes to eat potato chips while she is watching TV. Her school is very close to her house, but she never walks to school because her dad always gives her a ride in the morning. Wei Ming is a typical teenager. Today, too many teenagers eat unbalanced (不均衡的) meals and exercise too little. Their bodies are going through a lot of changes as they grow. If they want to become healthy adults (成年人), they need to eat healthy food and do regular exercise. They need to care about their health. They can start with making small changes in their daily life. Here are some pieces of advice (建议) to help teenagers stay healthy. ★Try to have breakfast every morning. ★Stay away from fast food. Eat healthy food like fruit and vegetables. ★Don’t watch TV too much and do more outdoor activities. ★Walk as often as possible. 30．What is the passage about? A．How to exercise. B．Healthy food. C．Ways to be healthy. D. Healthy drink. 31．When does Wei Ming go to a fast food restaurant? A．After school. B．Every weekend. C．In the morning. D. During midnight. 32．How does Wei Ming go to school? A．By bicycle. B．By car. C．On foot. D. By ship. 33．What is not a healthy habit? A．Skipping breakfast often. B．Staying away from fast food. C．Walking as often as possible. D. Avoiding smoking if possible. 34．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Many teenagers try to stay healthy these days. B．Wei Ming often doesn’t eat three meals a day. C．Many teenagers eat unbalanced meals. D. Wei Ming doesn’t do some exercise often. 9 Young people enjoy different kinds of drinks, though they know how bad drinks are for their health. What about you? What will happen to you if water takes the place of all drinks? Chris Bailey, a popular blogger (博客作者), tried this out. Here is what he has found. First, you lose weight (体重) faster. Yeah, you do! You don’t have to exercise but just keep away from drinks for 9 days. It is the same as running for 8 kilometers a day! So write down your resolution on a piece of paper and put it on the wall. And you will see the result soon. Sometimes when you have to stay up late for a test, a cup of tea or coffee is usually by your side on the desk. But do you know 75 to 85 percent of your brain (大脑) is water? Nothing else! Just by drinking water, your brain can work efficiently. You may remember things quickly  and well. What’s more, water washes out something bad in your body. So drinking enough water can stop you from getting old soon. If you want to look young and beautiful as long as possible, drink a glass of water right now! Keep on doing it for longer, and you will be surprised to touch your soft and clean skin (皮肤). Lastly, you save money! How much money do you spend on coffee and juice every week? The price of water is much lower than that of other drinks. Drink 5 glasses of water every day or spend money visiting doctors. Think about it! So, what are you waiting for? Enjoy drinking water from now on! 35．How does the writer start the passage? A．By describing an experience. B．By asking a question. C．By explaining reasons. D．By expressing feelings. 36．Which one can you write down on the paper according to Paragraph 2? A．Take more exercise! B．Use the brain more! C．Drink more water! D．Save more money! 37．What does the underlined word “efficiently” mean in Chinese? A．缓慢地 B．主动地 C．高效地 D．反复地 38．What can we learn from the text? A．65 to75 percent of the brain is water. B．Keeping on drinking water makes hair soft and clean. C．The price of water is much higher than that of other drinks. D．Staying away from drinks for 9 days helps lose weight. 39．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? ( Pl=Paragragh1… ) A． B． C． D． 10 BMI is a measure (测量方法) that uses your height and weight to work out if you are fit. If your body mass index is over 30, you will be defined as obese. As a result, some cities in China have included BMI in the PE test for the high school entrance examination, or zhongkao. For example, Beijing declared that BMI became a subject of the PE test for the zhongkao. Chengdu and Shanghai have also started similar actions. This change aims to encourage students to pay more attention to their health and exercise habits. Zhang Yanshu is an eighth-grader from Beijing Chaoyang Foreign Language School. He started by running with his dad, and soon took training classes. “I think BMI and the events for the exam go well together. When I practice the events, my BMI gets better; when my BMI gets better, I feel more energetic doing the events.” Zhang also paid much attention to his food. “I ate brown rice instead of white rice, and chicken for meat most of the time,” he said. “It was for sure sad.” His BMI reached a good level after months of effort. Chen Kaifei, 14, also from Beijing, said that BMI is also a problem for students who are too thin, and has caused some “figure anxiety (身材焦虑)” among students. “However, mostly I think it has benefits (益处),” Chen said. “Everyone has a better understanding of their body and health conditions, and I started to care about my lifestyle every day, simply to keep my BMI at a good level.” Adding BMI to the zhongkao PE test helps students focus on their health, but it also brings challenges. While some like Zhang Yanshu, succeed by combining exercise, and healthy eating, others worry about stress over body image. Schools and families should guide students to care for their health without feeling too much pressure. 40．What did Zhang Yanshu do to improve his BMI according to the text? A．He took medicine and avoided sugary food. B．He focused on training classes and stopped eating rice. C．He practiced running and changed his diet to brown rice and chicken. D．He followed a strict diet without exercise. 41．What does Chen Kaifei think about BMI being included in the PE test? A．It only causes anxiety and has no good influence. B．It helps students understand their health better. C．It makes students too thin. D．It is unnecessary because students are healthy. 42．How does the writer organize the passage? A．By introducing a policy (政策), using examples, and showing results. B．By comparing BMI rules in different cities. C．By arguing BMI should not be used in exams. D．By giving a personal story of a student who failed a test. 43．What is the main purpose of adding BMI to the zhongkao PE test? A．To make students compete for higher scores. B．To help students develop healthier habits. C．To reduce the number of overweight students. D．To make the P.E. test more difficult and competitive. 11 You may have experienced the feeling. Your mouth feels like it is on fire. Your eyes start to water. You just ate one of nature’s hottest foods—the chili pepper (辣椒)！ Chili peppers, also called chilies, are found in dishes around the world. They are in dishes like Indian curries (咖喱), Thai tom yum soup (冬阴功), and Mexican enchiladas (卷饼). Chilies are fiery because they contain something called capsaicin (辣椒素). Capsaicin is very good for your health. It helps you breathe better, and it may even help keep you fit. Capsaicin makes you feel less hungry. It also makes your body burn more fat. Eating chilies can be uncomfortable, but some people love to eat them. Anandita Dutta Tamuly, a woman from India, became famous for eating chilies. She ate 51 hot peppers in just two minutes! The peppers were Naga Jolokia (ghost peppers). They grow in India and are one of the hottest chilies in the world. “I found eating chilies was a great way to stay healthy,” said Tamuly. She began eating chilies when she was a child. She eats chilies when she doesn’t feel well too. “Every time I have a cold or flu, I just eat some chilies and I feel better. To be honest, I hardly notice them now.” 44．What does the underlined word “fiery” mean? A．Sweet. B．Salty. C．Fresh. D．Hot. 45．What is the purpose of Paragraph 3? A．To advise us not to eat too many chilies. B．To show chilies are the hottest food. C．To explain how chilies are good for us. D．To explain why eating chilies is uncomfortable. 46．Which of the following is NOT true about Anandita Dutta Tamuly? A．She thought eating chilies was good for health. B．She started eating chilies when she was a child. C．She became famous for eating Chinese chilies. D．She eats chilies when she doesn’t feel well. 47．What’s the structure of this text? (① = Paragraph 1…) A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②③④/⑤ C．①/②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤ 48．What is the passage mainly about? A．The kinds of hot chili peppers. B．The ways of planting hot chili peppers. C．The reasons why people don’t like chili peppers. D．The taste and health benefits (好处) of chili peppers. 12 Can you imagine a doctor performing a surgery (手术) on a patient thousands of kilometers away? A recent surgery was done by doctors in Chengdu in real life. Using a robotic technology, the doctors saved a patient in Lhasa (拉萨). With the development of AI-powered remote surgery (人工智能辅助远程手术), modern healthcare has changed in a big way. AI played an important part in this surgery. By studying tons of medical data (数据), AI helps doctors plan the surgery, predict problems that could happen, and find the solutions. During the surgery, AI also tells the doctors the patient’s necessary information, like heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen levels. If anything goes wrong with the patient, it can warn the medical team and suggest changes to the surgery plan. Another key role in this surgery was supercomputing technology. Remote surgeries need fast data transmission (传送), as even small delays (延迟) can be dangerous. Supercomputing can quickly deal with a lot of data, making sure that the surgery pictures are clear and that the doctors’ orders are followed at once. The robot used in this surgery does an excellent job. It has one arm and one hole, which makes the incision smaller, causing less pain and speeding up the process for the patient to get better. It also increases the chances of a successful surgery and lowers the risk of accidents. This kind of surgery is a huge excitement, especially for people in remote areas. It means that patients don’t have to travel far for good medical care, saving time and being treated in time. And for places with fewer doctors, this kind of surgery also brings good news as doctors from bigger cities can help with surgeries and train local doctors. This kind of surgery is important for improving healthcare everywhere. 49．How does the writer lead into AI-powered remote surgery? A．By giving reasons. B．By telling a story. C．By giving an example. D．By listing numbers. 50．Which of the following questions is answered in Paragraph 4? A．When is the best time for the supercomputer to deal with the data? B．Where was the AI-powered remote surgery performed? C．How’s the normal computer different from the supercomputer? D．Why does the surgery need the help of supercomputer? 51．What does the underlined word “incision” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．A medical tool used to cut tissues. B．A small opening made in the body during surgery. C．A type of AI program for surgery planning. D．A treatment to reduce post-surgery pain. 52．What is the main advantage (优点) of the surgical robot mentioned in Paragraph 5? A．It can work without any internet connection. B．It is cheaper than traditional surgical methods. C．It can perform surgeries without any human doctors. D．It makes smaller cuts, reduces pain, and speeds up recovery. 53．What can we infer (推断) about this AI-powered remote surgery from the passage? A．The doctors in Lhasa might improve their skills through this kind of surgery. B．AI can warn the doctors if anything goes wrong with the patient. C．No matter how far the place is, this kind of surgery can reach. D．The patient in Lhasa may get better a little slower through this kind of surgery. 13 It is recommended (建议) that people get 150 minutes of exercise a week. That means that a person should exercise for about 30 minutes a day, five days a week. A half hour of brisk (轻快的) walking can easily help someone meet that goal (目标). You don’t need to walk 30 minutes all at one time to start. The scientist recommends that beginners start with three short 10-minute walks. Finally, longer walks will become easier. One great benefit (好处) of walking is that you do not need special shoes or clothes. You do not even need to go to a special area to walk. And what you are wearing right now is probably perfect for walking. Besides, you can walk anywhere at a quick speed. Another benefit of walking is that it benefits your body. According to a study carried out by Harvard Medical School, brisk walking for 30 minutes can burn over 100 calories (卡路里). The study also shows that those who walk at least 20 minutes a day, at least five days a week, have 43% fewer sick days than those who exercise once a week or less. And if they do get sick, they become well sooner. What’s more, walking is good for your mind. Walks can be taken in quiet places like parks and forests. Walking in these areas can help a person feel calm. Going on a daily walk gives your mind a break from the busy time of each day as well. A good walk lets you clear your mind and makes you feel better. 54．What can we know from the first paragraph? A．People have trouble finding time to walk. B．Walking fast makes the activity enjoyable. C．Half an hour’s walk every week is enough. D．Longer walks may be hard for beginners. 55．What do the findings of the Harvard Medical School’s study show? A．Walking is better than medicine. B．How long people should usually walk. C．Walking has wonderful results. D．When is the right time for people to walk. 56．What does the last paragraph tell us about walking? A．It helps discover new places. B．It is helpful to one’s mind. C．It makes one’s body busy. D．It helps one save much money. 57．What’s the right structure of the passage? A．①/②③④ B．①②③/④ C．①/②③/④ D．①②/③④ 58．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To show how often we can walk. B．To show us the findings of a famous study. C．To show why walking is great exercise. D．To show us what to prepare before walking. ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(人教版2024) Unit 2 Stay Healthy阅读策略 目录 第一部分 阅读主题阐释锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 词句策略积累用法精析 变式巩固 第三部分 阅读强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 阅读主题阐释 “Stay healthy” 是八年级英语下册 Unit 2 的核心主题，聚焦 “健康与急救” 核心内容，涵盖身体健康维护（饮食、运动、睡眠）、常见症状应对、基础急救常识及心理健康调节等维度，通过说明文、情景对话等语篇形式，引导学生理解健康的多元内涵，掌握相关英语表达并树立科学健康观。 1. 主题内涵 主题内涵指健康的全面性与实践性，既包括身体机能的良好状态（如无病痛、机能正常），也涵盖心理层面的积极状态，同时强调通过主动行动维护健康的重要性。例如：“Staying healthy means not only having no stomachaches or sore throats, but also keeping a positive mindset and knowing how to deal with small injuries, like washing a cut with clean water first.” 2. 素养体现 核心素养体现为语言能力、健康意识与思维能力的融合。语言能力上，能运用特定词汇句式描述健康问题与建议；健康意识上，通过语篇建立科学习惯；思维能力上，能分析健康建议的合理性。例如：When reading about “sleep hygiene”, students can understand sentences like “Avoiding electronic devices before bed helps improve sleep quality” and explain why it’s a good habit。 3. 策略要求 策略要求侧重语篇信息提取与应用，包括定位关键信息、理解建议逻辑、运用常识推理等。例如：When answering “What should you do if you have a sore throat?”, students need to find key phrases like “drink hot tea with honey” from the text and use the structure “should + verb” to respond。 4. 文化品质 文化品质体现在中外健康观念的共通与差异，如对均衡饮食、规律作息的共同重视，以及不同文化中的健康谚语与习惯。例如：“An apple a day keeps the doctor away” is a common English proverb, showing Western emphasis on daily healthy eating, similar to Chinese ideas of “eating more vegetables for nutrition”。 ◇Part 02 词句策略积累 一、主题词汇 症状与病痛类：headache 头痛；stomachache 胃痛；sore throat 喉咙痛；sore back 背痛；toothache 牙痛；fever 发烧；cut 伤口；hurt 疼痛；ache 酸痛；injury 受伤；illness 疾病；cold 感冒；flu 流感；pain 疼痛 饮食与营养类：balanced diet 均衡饮食；nutrient 营养物质；carbohydrate 碳水化合物；protein 蛋白质；vitamin 维生素；mineral 矿物质；vegetable 蔬菜；fruit 水果；grain 谷物；junk food 垃圾食品；candy 糖果；chocolate 巧克力；healthy food 健康食品；processed food 加工食品；olive oil 橄榄油 运动与健康类：exercise 锻炼；physical activity 体育活动；running 跑步；swimming 游泳；cycling 骑行；yoga 瑜伽；strength-training 力量训练；endurance 耐力；flexibility 灵活性；fit 健康的；keep fit 保持健康；stay healthy 保持健康；active 活跃的；energy 能量；stamina 体力 急救与护理类：lie down 躺下；wash 冲洗；cover 覆盖；bandage 绷带；put on a bandage 包扎；call 120 拨打 120；medicine 药物；take medicine 吃药；rest 休息；sleep hygiene 睡眠卫生；immune system 免疫系统；heal 愈合；recovery 恢复 心理与习惯类：mental health 心理健康；stress 压力；anxiety 焦虑；positive mindset 积极心态；cope with 应对；habit 习惯；sleep schedule 作息时间表；early to bed 早睡；early to rise 早起；concentration 注意力；memory 记忆力 二、主题句式 询问健康问题类：What's the matter with you? 你怎么了？；What's wrong with him? 他出什么事了？；Do you have a headache? 你头痛吗？；How do you feel today? 你今天感觉怎么样？；Is your back still hurting? 你的背还疼吗？ 提建议句型类：You should drink more hot water. 你应该多喝热水。；You shouldn't stay up late. 你不应该熬夜。；We should exercise for 30 minutes every day. 我们应该每天锻炼 30 分钟。；You had better see a doctor. 你最好去看医生。；It's good to eat fruits every morning. 每天早上吃水果很好。 描述症状与影响类：He has a toothache and can't eat. 他牙痛，吃不了东西。；My head hurts badly. 我头痛得厉害。；Sleep deprivation makes us tired. 睡眠不足让我们很累。；Eating too much junk food leads to weight gain. 吃太多垃圾食品导致体重增加。；She hurt herself when playing basketball. 她打篮球时伤到了自己。 健康观念陈述类：Health is more important than wealth. 健康比财富更重要。；A balanced diet is the foundation of health. 均衡饮食是健康的基础。；Regular exercise keeps us fit. 规律锻炼让我们保持健康。；Mental health is as important as physical health. 心理健康和身体健康同样重要。；Good sleep helps our bodies recover. 良好的睡眠帮助身体恢复。 急救步骤描述类：First, we should help him lie down. 首先，我们应该帮他躺下。；Next, put an ice bag on the injury. 接下来，在伤口上敷冰袋。；Then, call his parents or 120. 然后，给他父母或 120 打电话。；Finally, wait for the doctor to come. 最后，等医生来。；You should wash the cut with clean water first. 你应该先用清水冲洗伤口。 巩｜固｜练｜习 根据提示翻译句子。 1.如果你喉咙痛，你应该喝加蜂蜜的热茶。（提示：sore throat, should, honey） 2.他打篮球时摔倒了，伤到了自己。（提示：fall down, hurt, himself） 3.均衡饮食对保持健康很重要。（提示：balanced diet, important, stay healthy） 4.睡眠不足会削弱我们的免疫系统。（提示：sleep deprivation, weaken, immune system） 5.如果你割伤了手指，首先应该做什么？（提示：cut, finger, first, do） 答案与解析： 1.If you have a sore throat, you should drink hot tea with honey. 解析：考查固定搭配 “have a sore throat” 和情态动词 “should” 的用法，“with honey” 表伴随，符合提建议场景。 2.He fell down and hurt himself when playing basketball. 解析：考查一般过去时 “fell”（fall 的过去式）和反身代词 “himself”，“when playing” 为省略结构，对应单元核心语法。 3.A balanced diet is important for staying healthy. 解析：考查名词短语 “balanced diet” 和固定搭配 “be important for doing sth.”，“staying healthy” 为动名词作宾语。 4.Sleep deprivation can weaken our immune system. 解析：考查主题词汇 “sleep deprivation”“immune system” 和动词 “weaken”，符合语篇中对睡眠影响的描述。 5.What should you do first if you cut your finger? 解析：考查特殊疑问句结构和条件状语从句，“cut” 为动词原形，“should do” 体现建议逻辑，贴合急救话题。 三、优化策略 1. 关键词定位策略 适用于细节理解题，针对 “症状描述、急救步骤、健康建议” 等具体信息，通过题干中的名词（如 toothache、balanced diet）、动词（如 hurt、exercise）定位原文对应句段。例如：在寻找 “割伤后的处理方法” 时，定位 “cut”“wash”“bandage” 等关键词，可快速找到 “Youshould wash it with some clean water first” 等关键句。该策略能帮助学生精准提取单元核心考点，避免无关信息干扰。 2. 首尾段主旨法 用于把握语篇中心思想，“Stay healthy” 主题语篇常在首尾段点明主旨，如开头提 “健康的重要性”，结尾总结 “养成健康习惯的方法”。例如：某篇关于睡眠的阅读文，首段 “Sleep is essential for our well-being” 和尾段 “Good sleep hygiene helps us stay healthy” 可快速概括主旨。此策略能培养学生归纳主题的能力，契合单元对健康观念的渗透要求。 3. 逻辑推理策略 针对推理判断题，通过因果（so、because）、转折（but、however）等逻辑词推断隐含信息。例如：原文 “Processed foods are often high in sugar, so eating too much is bad”，可推断 “Weshould eat less processed food”。该策略帮助学生理解健康建议的逻辑依据，深化对主题内涵的理解。 4. 语境猜词策略 用于破解陌生主题词汇，结合举例（for example）、解释（that is）等语境线索。例如：通过 “Vitamins and minerals, abundant in fruits and vegetables”，由 “fruits and vegetables” 可推测 “minerals” 意为 “矿物质”。此策略助力学生积累主题词汇，提升在健康语篇中的阅读流畅度。 ◇Part 03 阅读强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 1 ①Twelve-year-old Preston Cabral eats meat nearly every day at home, but his favorite meals are meatless lunches at school. These meals have encouraged his family to make more vegetarian (素食的) food at home. This, experts say, is a healthy change for them—and for the planet. ②How to get people to eat less meat is one of the trickiest problems of the 21st century. But experts agree that climate change and a growing global population call for a change in how humans get their protein (蛋白质). ③From a health report, many people eat far more meat than needed. That puts them at risk of getting fat, heart disease and other health problems. At the same time, meat production is a key driver of climate change. According to recent research, at least 14.5% of the world’s greenhouse gases are from livestock sector (畜牧业). And compared to people who often eat meat, people who enjoy vegetables have just 30% of the environmental influence. ④However, changing people’s behavior is not so easy. In most parts of the world, people are used to eating meat. There is also a belief that meat is necessary for children to grow up healthily. ⑤Though it’s challenging, there are things that can be done to cut meat eating. Stressing the connection between meat and animals seems to work. For example, putting photos of meat dishes on menus beside those of the animals that they come from has turned out to be useful. Another way is to call on people to care for animals. People who love animals are more likely to buy or eat less meat than those who don’t. ⑥Gradual efforts to change behavior can also help make healthy choices more convenient. They can be as simple as serving less meat with more vegetables at home and in restaurants. Or they can offer more vegetarian choices in stores. These changes seem to be helpful to cut down people’s need for meat. 1．At the beginning of the passage, the writer leads in the topic by ________. A．telling stories B．questioning experts C．giving examples D．showing reasons 2．Which paragraph mainly talks about the problems of eating too much meat? A．Paragraph 2. B．Paragraph 3. C．Paragraph 4. D．Paragraph 5. 3．To encourage people to eat less meat, we can ________. A．produce less meat in factories B．connect meat dishes with animals C．share photos of animals with others D．offer meat dishes only in restaurants 4．What is the right structure (结构) of this passage? A．①②/③/④/⑤⑥ B．①/②③/④⑤/⑥ C．①/②③/④/⑤⑥ D．①②/③/④⑤/⑥ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【解析】本文围绕“减少肉类消费”展开，先通过案例引入主题，再分析过量吃肉的问题，最后提出鼓励少吃肉的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据“Twelve-year-old Preston Cabral eats meat nearly every day at home, but his favorite meals are meatless lunches at school...”可知，文章开头通过“Preston因学校素食午餐而带动家庭吃素食”的案例引入主题，属于“举例子”的方式，故选C。 2．主旨大意题。第3段提到“many people eat far more meat than needed. That puts them at risk of getting fat, heart disease...”，核心讲过量吃肉的弊端，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第5段“putting photos of meat dishes on menus beside those of the animals that they come from has turned out to be useful”可知，将肉菜与动物关联起来（让人们意识到肉的来源）能鼓励少吃肉，故选B。 4．篇章结构题。文章结构为：①②段为引出话题和总体背景；③段详述问题；④段强调难度；⑤⑥段则提出和总结解决办法，因此结构为①②/③/④/⑤⑥。故选A。 2 Teeth are important. Strong, healthy teeth help you chew (咀嚼) the food that helps you grow. They help you speak clearly. And they help you look your best. Here are some tips for you to take care of your teeth. ·Brush your teeth in the right way. Brush your teeth at least twice a day—after breakfast and before bedtime. If you can, brush after having lunch or after eating sweet snacks (点心), too. Brush all of your teeth, not just the front ones. Spend time brushing teeth along the sides and back of your mouth. Spend at least three minutes each time you brush. Play a song you like to help you pass the time. Get a new toothbrush every three months. When you buy a toothbrush, be sure it has soft (柔软的) bristles (刷子毛). ·Learn how to floss your teeth (用牙线清洁你的牙齿). Flossing is a very important way to keep your teeth healthy. Food may hide (隐藏) between two teeth. Flossing can help throw it away. You’ll need to floss your teeth at least once a day. ·Have good eating habits. You need to be careful about what you eat and drink. Eating sugar is a major (主要的) cause of tooth decay (蛀牙). Eat lots of fruit and vegetables and drink water instead of soda (苏打水). 5．How many times at least should we brush our teeth a day? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 6．How often should we change our toothbrushes? A．Never. B．Three times a month. C．Every three months. D．Every month. 7．What kind of bristles of the toothbrush should we buy? A．The hard ones. B．The soft ones. C．The long ones. D．The short ones. 8．Which is the right way to take care of teeth? A．Only brush front teeth. B．Don’t brush your teeth before sleeping. C．Spend at most three minutes brushing teeth each time. D．Eat lots of fruit and vegetables and drink water instead of soda. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了牙齿的重要性，并就如何保护牙齿给出了几点建议，包括正确刷牙、使用牙线以及保持良好的饮食习惯。 5．细节理解题。根据“Brush your teeth at least twice a day—after breakfast and before bedtime.”可知，文中建议每天至少刷牙两次。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据“Get a new toothbrush every three months.”可知，应该每三个月换一次新牙刷。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据“When you buy a toothbrush, be sure it has soft (柔软的) bristles (刷子毛).”可知，我们应该购买带有柔软刷毛的牙刷。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据“Eat lots of fruit and vegetables and drink water instead of soda (苏打水).”可知，多吃水果蔬菜、喝水代替苏打水是保护牙齿的正确方式。故选D。 3 Nowadays, a lot of people around the world enjoy jogging. It is a kind of running. Jogging means running slowly, but it is still faster than walking. In the mornings and evenings, you can see people jogging in parks or along city streets. One of the reasons is that jogging is an excellent way of exercise. It helps people lose weight and keep them active. More importantly, jogging is suitable for everyone, no matter how fit you are. For most people, jogging is helpful. It can make their hearts work better. Scientists think that jogging can reduce the risk of heart problems. For beginners, jogging is a good start. Because the exercise is not very difficult, beginners can easily give it a try. Another reason is that jogging is cheaper than many sports—to start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes. Although jogging is good, overdoing it is harmful to the body. It’s not a good idea to jog every day. The body needs time to get better from exercise. If you keep training for years and you are quite fit, it’s okay to jog five or six times a week. But remember, ______. As you can see, jogging can lead to plenty of improvements in health. Jog with friends in a right way. You will feel much healthier. Just try it. 9．What can we know about jogging from paragraph 1? A．Few people like jogging. B．It is difficult for people to jog. C．Running is faster than jogging. D．Jogging is the same as walking. 10．What does the underlined word “suitable” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Fit. B．Expensive. C．Difficult. D．Interesting. 11．Which of the following can be put in “______” in Paragraph 4? A．eat more junk food to gain energy. B．take at least one day off each week. C．increase your jogging distance every day. D．always jog faster to improve fitness. 12．What can we learn from the passage? A．People with heart problems should not jog. B．Different people should jog in different ways. C．We should jog as often as possible to keep fit. D．Jogging is the most important sport in the world. 13．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Ways of Jogging B．Problems of Jogging C．Popularity of Jogging D．Advantages of Jogging 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．B 12．B 13．D 【解析】本文介绍了慢跑的好处、适合人群以及注意事项，强调了适度运动的重要性。 9．细节理解题。根据“Jogging means running slowly, but it is still faster than walking.”可知，慢跑比走路快，但比跑步慢。故选C。 10．词句猜测题。根据“More importantly, jogging is suitable for everyone, no matter how fit you are.”以及后文“For beginners, jogging is a good start. Because the exercise is not very difficult, beginners can easily give it a try.”可知，慢跑适合每个人，无论你身体状况如何，对于初学者来说，慢跑是一个好的开始，因为这项运动不是很难，初学者可以很容易地尝试，由此可推测出“suitable”意思是“合适的，适合的”，与“Fit”意思相近。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据“Although jogging is good, overdoing it is harmful to the body. It’s not a good idea to jog every day. The body needs time to get better from exercise.”可知，虽然慢跑很好，但过度慢跑对身体有害，每天慢跑不是一个好主意，身体需要时间从运动中恢复，由此可推测出，此处应该是建议每周至少休息一天。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据“For most people, jogging is helpful. It can make their hearts work better. Scientists think that jogging can reduce the risk of heart problems. For beginners, jogging is a good start. Because the exercise is not very difficult, beginners can easily give it a try.”以及“Although jogging is good, overdoing it is harmful to the body. It’s not a good idea to jog every day. The body needs time to get better from exercise. If you keep training for years and you are quite fit, it’s okay to jog five or six times a week.”可知，不同的人应该以不同的方式慢跑，要根据自己的身体状况和锻炼时间来合理安排慢跑。故选B。 13．最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了慢跑的好处，包括慢跑是一种很好的锻炼方式，可以帮助人们减肥、保持活力、改善心脏功能、降低心脏病风险等，同时还提到了慢跑的成本较低，适合初学者等。因此，文章的最佳标题应该是“慢跑的优点”。故选D。 4 Many schools hold sports games in autumn. It turns out that autumn might be the best season to work out! During this time, the weather is great. After a hot summer, the autumn air is cool and fresh, like a natural air conditioner (空调)! In such weather, you can run, hike, cycle or walk outside without sweating (出汗) much. No more worrying about colds—autumn makes outdoor exercise safer, even when playing for a long time. Cool autumn days and daily exercise can help you sleep better, keeping you healthy. Also, autumn is very pretty! Colorful leaves and nice views can make you happier. When you exercise in nature, fresh air and beautiful views clear your mind too. And don’t forget food! Autumn is harvest time—you can easily buy apples, pumpkins, sweet potatoes or pears. They’re full of vitamins, delicious but not expensive. Eating these foods and working out are great! Autumn exercise can also get you ready for winter. It helps you have happy chemicals (化学物质) to fight sad feelings from short days. It also makes your body stronger, so you might not catch a cold in winter. 14．What does the underlined phrase “work out” mean in the first paragraph? A．study at school B．do exercise C．solve a problem D．go on a holiday 15．What does the word “It” refer to in the last paragraph? A．Good sleep. B．Your body. C．Autumn exercise. D．Cool autumn days. 16．How is the text organized? A．By telling a story about autumn. B．By showing how to exercise in autumn. C．By comparing autumn with other seasons. D．By giving reasons why autumn is good for exercise. 【答案】14．B 15．C 16．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章开篇提出秋天可能是锻炼身体的最佳季节，随后从天气凉爽适宜、利于睡眠和心情、食物丰富健康以及能为入冬增强体质这四个方面阐述了具体理由。 14．词句猜测题。根据“Many schools hold sports games in autumn.”以及“run, hike, cycle or walk…”可知，文章主要讨论的是体育运动。work out在此处意为“锻炼”，对应do exercise。故选B。 15．词句猜测题。根据“Autumn exercise can also get you ready for winter. It helps you have happy chemicals (化学物质)…It also makes your body stronger…”可知，本段的主语一直围绕“秋季锻炼”展开，It指代前文提到的Autumn exercise。故选C。 16．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段提出观点：秋天是锻炼的好季节；第二至五段分别从天气、心情、饮食和健康益处四个方面给出了理由。因此文章是通过给出理由来组织行文的。故选D。 5 Researchers at Pennsylvania State University chose 45 healthy overweight people who agreed to try three different kinds of diets. Their study appeared on Wednesday in the Journal of the American Heart Association. One was a low-fat diet that included lots of fruits, low-fat dairy products, and small amounts of red meat. The other two were moderate-fat diets. That is, the fat they included was not very high or very low. The kinds of foods and meals were similar to the low-fat diet, but they included more nuts and oils. The only difference between the two was the avocado—a pear-shaped fruit with a thick green or dark purple skin. One diet included a daily serving of one avocado, and the other diet had the same amount of fat from other sources. At the end of the study, the researchers found that the avocado diet led to a big, noticeable drop in LDL compared with the other two diets. LDL is the bad kind of cholesterol (胆固醇), which is found in your blood. Too much LDL in your body may cause heart disease. “I was surprised to see the added advantage of the avocado,” said Penny Kris-Etherton, a nutrition (营养) scientist at Penn State and the lead author (作者) of the study. She says she’d like to do further research to explain the added drop in LDL in the study groups. It’s possible that the fiber (纤维) in avocados may play a role in lowering the cholesterol, she says, “In the U.S., most people do not eat an avocado every day because of its high prices. Some people have it with chips,” Penny added. But one caveat for anyone who loves avocado dip (酱): When it’s served up with chips, the calories can add up. Calories show how much energy food will produce. A half cup of avocado dip has about 200 calories all on its own. 17．What can we learn about the three kinds of diets? A．The low-fat diet mainly included nuts and oils. B．The avocado diet included three avocados a day. C．All three diets had totally different kinds of foods. D．The moderate-fat diets probably had milky products. 18．The study shows that the avocado ________. A．always causes heart disease B．makes people put on weight C．can reduce the level of LDL D．is a good source of nutrition 19．What Penny said in Paragraph 4 shows her ________. A．doubt B．excitement C．sadness D．kindness 20．What does the underlined word “caveat” probably mean? A．Joke. B．Choice. C．Pity. D．Warning. 21．The main purpose of the text is to ________. A．report a research result B．introduce a kind of fruit C．describe the avocado dip D．ask people to go on a diet 【答案】17．D 18．C 19．B 20．D 21．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员对三种不同饮食的研究，重点探讨了牛油果饮食对降低低密度脂蛋白（LDL，即坏胆固醇）水平的作用，以及相关的营养学观点和注意事项。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The other two were moderate-fat diets…The kinds of foods and meals were similar to the low-fat diet, but they included more nuts and oils.”以及“One was a low-fat diet that included lots of fruits, low-fat dairy products, and small amounts of red meat.”可知，中等脂肪饮食与低脂肪饮食的食物种类相似，都包含乳制品，只是中等脂肪饮食中坚果和油的含量更多。因此，D选项“中等脂肪饮食可能包含乳制品”是正确的。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“At the end of the study, the researchers found that the avocado diet led to a big, noticeable drop in LDL compared with the other two diets.”可知，研究表明牛油果饮食能显著降低LDL水平。因此，C选项“牛油果能降低LDL水平”是正确的。故选C。 19．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“‘I was surprised to see the added advantage of the avocado,’ said Penny Kris-Etherton…”可知，Penny对牛油果的额外益处感到惊讶，这表明她对此感到兴奋。因此。故选B。 20．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“But one caveat for anyone who loves avocado dip: When it’s served up with chips, the calories can add up.”可知，对于喜欢牛油果酱的人来说，有一个需要注意的地方，即当它与薯片一起食用时，热量会增加。因此，“caveat”在这里的意思是“警告”或“注意事项”。D选项“Warning”是正确的。故选D。 21．主旨大意题。根据文章整体内容可知，本文主要介绍了宾夕法尼亚州立大学研究人员对三种不同饮食的研究结果，特别是牛油果饮食对降低LDL水平的作用。因此，文章的主要目的是报告一项研究结果。A选项“报告一项研究结果”是正确的。故选A。 6 Ethan loves sweet food. He has lots of candy, chocolate, cola (可乐), and ice cream. One morning, his mother says, “Ethan, you have too much sugar for your breakfast.” Ethan looks at the food in front of him and says, “I just have some cakes, chocolate and cola. They are delicious. I like them, Mum.” Day by day, his teeth start to ache (痛). He asks his mother for help. “Ethan, too much sweet food is bad for your teeth. I think you should go to the dentist (牙医),” says his mum. “But I’m not a rabbit. ▲ ,” says Ethan. “I know, but you can’t get all the nutrition (营养) from the sweet food. It’s OK to eat sweet food sometimes, but you can’t eat it every day. How about an egg, some bread and milk for tomorrow’s breakfast?” says his mother. Ethan wants to say no, but he thinks it isn’t bad to have a try. He doesn’t want to see the dentist. 22．What can we learn about the breakfast Ethan always has? A．It is very healthy. B．It has too much sugar. C．It has some vegetables. D．It is made by his mother. 23．Why does Ethan ask his mother for help? A．His teeth start to ache. B．He wants to try other kinds of food. C．He wants more sweet food. D．He doesn’t want to go to the dentist. 24．What does Ethan’s mother suggest (建议) for his next breakfast? A．Vegetables and bread. B．An egg, some bread and milk. C．Only fruit and juice. D．A big bowl of porridge. 25．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．I need more sleep. B．I love playing sports. C．I want some juice. D．I don’t like eating vegetables. 26．What can we learn from the story? A．Mom is not always right. B．Rabbits don’t eat sweet food. C．People should often see a dentist. D．Eating too much sugar is bad for our teeth. 【答案】22．B 23．A 24．B 25．D 26．D 【解析】本文主要讲述了伊森喜欢吃甜食，每天吃很多甜食，导致牙疼，妈妈建议他少吃甜食，多吃健康的食物。 22．细节理解题。根据“One morning, his mother says, ‘Ethan, you have too much sugar for your breakfast.’”可知，伊森吃的早餐它含糖量太高。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据“Day by day, his teeth start to ache (痛). He asks his mother for help.”可知，是因为他的牙齿开始疼痛。故选A。 24．细节理解题。根据“How about an egg, some bread and milk for tomorrow’s breakfast?”可知，建议他吃一个鸡蛋、一些面包和牛奶。故选B。 25．推理判断题。根据前一句“But I’m not a rabbit.”可知，Ethan说他不是兔子。选项D“我不喜欢吃蔬菜。”承接上文。符合语境故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据“Ethan, too much sweet food is bad for your teeth.”可知，吃太多糖对我们的牙齿不好。故选D。 7 Recently, a fitness coach (健身教练) has become popular and famous. He helps people learn about how to keep healthy by exercising. He points out some wrong ideas about sports and exercise, and teaches people the right ones. “A plate of chicken is a good meal before games because it has much energy (能量).” Wrong! In fact, the best meal before games should have carbohydrates (碳水化合物). Foods like potatoes, bread, and bananas are rich in them, but meat is not. “The best time to exercise is in the early morning.” Wrong! Morning is OK for you, but in fact, you can choose any time to exercise and enjoy the feeling of getting healthier. So you needn't exercise at a fixed (固定的) time. “If you drink water when you exercise, you will feel tired.” Wrong! You must have some water during breaks when you exercise. You had better drink some water after half an hour of strenuous exercise (剧烈运动). Without enough water, you may feel tired and uncomfortable. “Exercising every day is quite important.” Wrong! Too much exercise is bad for your health. You need to give your body a day of rest. 27．Before games, it is better for you to eat _______ according to the passage. A．potatoes B．chicken C．fish D．beef 28．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Evening is the best time to exercise. B．Don’t drink water during breaks when you exercise. C．You should eat enough meat before games. D．Exercising too much is not good for us. 29．What is the main purpose (目的) of the passage? A．To tell us about a famous fitness coach. B．To tell us how to keep healthy by exercising properly. C．To tell us some foods to eat while exercising. D．To tell us how to become popular online. 【答案】27．A 28．D 29．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了一位健身教练通过指出一些关于运动和锻炼的错误观念，并传授正确的观念，帮助人们了解如何通过正确锻炼来保持健康。文章列举了多个常见的错误观念，并给出了正确的建议，展现了正确锻炼的重要性。 27．细节理解题。根据“In fact, the best meal before games should have carbohydrates (碳水化合物). Foods like potatoes, bread, and bananas are rich in them, but meat is not.”可知，比赛前最好的食物应该含有碳水化合物，像土豆、面包和香蕉这类食物都富含碳水化合物，而肉类则不是。因此，比赛前最好吃土豆。故选A。 28．细节理解题。根据“Too much exercise is bad for your health. You need to give your body a day of rest.”可知，过多的锻炼对健康有害，需要给身体一天的休息时间。因此，选项D“过多的锻炼对我们不好”是正确的。故选D。 29．主旨大意题。根据“He helps people learn about how to keep healthy by exercising. He points out some wrong ideas about sports and exercise, and teaches people the right ones.”以及全文内容可知，文章的主要目的是告诉人们如何通过正确的锻炼来保持健康。故选B。 8 Many teenagers don’t care about their health these days. Wei Ming is one of them. She often skips breakfast and only eats fast food for lunch. It has become her habit to stop by a fast food restaurant after school. Sometimes she eats too much fast food and skips dinner. Then, she gets hungry and eats something late at night. Wei Ming doesn’t exercise. She doesn’t like to go outside to play, either. She always stays home and watches TV. She also likes to eat potato chips while she is watching TV. Her school is very close to her house, but she never walks to school because her dad always gives her a ride in the morning. Wei Ming is a typical teenager. Today, too many teenagers eat unbalanced (不均衡的) meals and exercise too little. Their bodies are going through a lot of changes as they grow. If they want to become healthy adults (成年人), they need to eat healthy food and do regular exercise. They need to care about their health. They can start with making small changes in their daily life. Here are some pieces of advice (建议) to help teenagers stay healthy. ★Try to have breakfast every morning. ★Stay away from fast food. Eat healthy food like fruit and vegetables. ★Don’t watch TV too much and do more outdoor activities. ★Walk as often as possible. 30．What is the passage about? A．How to exercise. B．Healthy food. C．Ways to be healthy. D. Healthy drink. 31．When does Wei Ming go to a fast food restaurant? A．After school. B．Every weekend. C．In the morning. D. During midnight. 32．How does Wei Ming go to school? A．By bicycle. B．By car. C．On foot. D. By ship. 33．What is not a healthy habit? A．Skipping breakfast often. B．Staying away from fast food. C．Walking as often as possible. D. Avoiding smoking if possible. 34．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Many teenagers try to stay healthy these days. B．Wei Ming often doesn’t eat three meals a day. C．Many teenagers eat unbalanced meals. D. Wei Ming doesn’t do some exercise often. 【答案】30．C 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．A 【解析】本文讲述了魏明的不健康习惯，又给出了青少年保持健康的相关建议，整体围绕保持健康的方法展开。 30．主旨大意题。根据“Many teenagers don’t care about their health these days.”可知，这篇文章先讲述了魏明的不健康习惯，又给出了青少年保持健康的相关建议，整体围绕保持健康的方法展开。故选C。 31．细节理解题。根据“She often skips breakfast and only eats fast food for lunch. It has become her habit to stop by a fast food restaurant after school.”可知，她经常不吃早餐，午餐只吃快餐。放学后去快餐店吃饭已经成了她的习惯。故选A。 32．细节理解题。根据“her dad always gives her a ride in the morning.”可知，魏明的爸爸早上会开车送她去上学。故选B。 33．细节理解题。不吃早餐属于不健康的饮食习惯，而远离快餐、经常步行都是健康的习惯。故选A。 34．细节理解题。根据“Many teenagers don’t care about their health these days.”可知，如今，许多青少年试图保持健康。这一表述是错误的描述。故选A。 9 Young people enjoy different kinds of drinks, though they know how bad drinks are for their health. What about you? What will happen to you if water takes the place of all drinks? Chris Bailey, a popular blogger (博客作者), tried this out. Here is what he has found. First, you lose weight (体重) faster. Yeah, you do! You don’t have to exercise but just keep away from drinks for 9 days. It is the same as running for 8 kilometers a day! So write down your resolution on a piece of paper and put it on the wall. And you will see the result soon. Sometimes when you have to stay up late for a test, a cup of tea or coffee is usually by your side on the desk. But do you know 75 to 85 percent of your brain (大脑) is water? Nothing else! Just by drinking water, your brain can work efficiently. You may remember things quickly  and well. What’s more, water washes out something bad in your body. So drinking enough water can stop you from getting old soon. If you want to look young and beautiful as long as possible, drink a glass of water right now! Keep on doing it for longer, and you will be surprised to touch your soft and clean skin (皮肤). Lastly, you save money! How much money do you spend on coffee and juice every week? The price of water is much lower than that of other drinks. Drink 5 glasses of water every day or spend money visiting doctors. Think about it! So, what are you waiting for? Enjoy drinking water from now on! 35．How does the writer start the passage? A．By describing an experience. B．By asking a question. C．By explaining reasons. D．By expressing feelings. 36．Which one can you write down on the paper according to Paragraph 2? A．Take more exercise! B．Use the brain more! C．Drink more water! D．Save more money! 37．What does the underlined word “efficiently” mean in Chinese? A．缓慢地 B．主动地 C．高效地 D．反复地 38．What can we learn from the text? A．65 to75 percent of the brain is water. B．Keeping on drinking water makes hair soft and clean. C．The price of water is much higher than that of other drinks. D．Staying away from drinks for 9 days helps lose weight. 39．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? ( Pl=Paragragh1… ) A． B． C． D． 【答案】35．B 36．C 37．C 38．D 39．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，通过博客作者Chris Bailey的实验，介绍了用水替代所有饮料对健康的四大好处：更快减肥、提升大脑效率、延缓衰老、节省开支。 35．篇章结构题。根据第一段“Young people enjoy different kinds of drinks, though they know how bad drinks are for their health. What about you?”可知，作者以一个问题开篇。故选B。 36．细节理解题。根据第二段“So write down your resolution on a piece of paper and put it on the wall.”及本段主要围绕“戒掉饮料可帮助减肥”展开，可推知纸上应写“多喝水”或“戒饮料”相关内容。故选C。 37．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Just by drinking water, your brain can work efficiently. You may remember things quickly and well.”可知，通过喝水，你可以记得更快更好，“quickly and well”即对“efficiently”的解释，所以efficiently意为“高效地”。故选C。 38． 细节理解题。根据第三段“But do you know 75 to 85 percent of your brain (大脑) is water?”可知，水占大脑的75%-85%，所以A错误。根据第四段“Keep on doing it for longer, and you will be surprised to touch your soft and clean skin (皮肤).”可知，坚持长期喝水，皮肤细腻干净，所以B错误。根据第五段“The price of water is much lower than that of other drinks.”可知，水的价格要低于饮料价格，所以C错误。根据第二段“You don’t have to exercise but just keep away from drinks for 9 days. It is the same as running for 8 kilometers a day!”可知，戒饮料9天有助于减肥。故选D。 39．篇章结构题。通读全文：第一段引出话题并介绍实验背景；第二、三、四、五段分别从减肥、健脑、抗衰老、省钱四个方面阐述喝水的好处；最后一段总结呼吁。因此结构为“总—分—总”，对应选项A（P1总起，P2-P5并列分述，P6总结）。故选A。 10 BMI is a measure (测量方法) that uses your height and weight to work out if you are fit. If your body mass index is over 30, you will be defined as obese. As a result, some cities in China have included BMI in the PE test for the high school entrance examination, or zhongkao. For example, Beijing declared that BMI became a subject of the PE test for the zhongkao. Chengdu and Shanghai have also started similar actions. This change aims to encourage students to pay more attention to their health and exercise habits. Zhang Yanshu is an eighth-grader from Beijing Chaoyang Foreign Language School. He started by running with his dad, and soon took training classes. “I think BMI and the events for the exam go well together. When I practice the events, my BMI gets better; when my BMI gets better, I feel more energetic doing the events.” Zhang also paid much attention to his food. “I ate brown rice instead of white rice, and chicken for meat most of the time,” he said. “It was for sure sad.” His BMI reached a good level after months of effort. Chen Kaifei, 14, also from Beijing, said that BMI is also a problem for students who are too thin, and has caused some “figure anxiety (身材焦虑)” among students. “However, mostly I think it has benefits (益处),” Chen said. “Everyone has a better understanding of their body and health conditions, and I started to care about my lifestyle every day, simply to keep my BMI at a good level.” Adding BMI to the zhongkao PE test helps students focus on their health, but it also brings challenges. While some like Zhang Yanshu, succeed by combining exercise, and healthy eating, others worry about stress over body image. Schools and families should guide students to care for their health without feeling too much pressure. 40．What did Zhang Yanshu do to improve his BMI according to the text? A．He took medicine and avoided sugary food. B．He focused on training classes and stopped eating rice. C．He practiced running and changed his diet to brown rice and chicken. D．He followed a strict diet without exercise. 41．What does Chen Kaifei think about BMI being included in the PE test? A．It only causes anxiety and has no good influence. B．It helps students understand their health better. C．It makes students too thin. D．It is unnecessary because students are healthy. 42．How does the writer organize the passage? A．By introducing a policy (政策), using examples, and showing results. B．By comparing BMI rules in different cities. C．By arguing BMI should not be used in exams. D．By giving a personal story of a student who failed a test. 43．What is the main purpose of adding BMI to the zhongkao PE test? A．To make students compete for higher scores. B．To help students develop healthier habits. C．To reduce the number of overweight students. D．To make the P.E. test more difficult and competitive. 【答案】40．C 41．B 42．A 43．B 【解析】本文主要讲述中国部分城市将BMI纳入中考体育考试的政策背景、具体实施案例以及该政策对学生产生的实际影响，包括积极改变和引发的担忧。 40．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“He started by running with his dad, and soon took training classes.”以及“I ate brown rice instead of white rice, and chicken for meat most of the time”可知，张延书通过跑步、参加训练班，并将白米饭换成糙米、主要吃鸡肉来改善BMI。选项C“他练习跑步并改变饮食，吃糙米和鸡肉”与原文相符。故选C。 41．观点态度题。根据文章第3段陈凯飞的话“However, mostly I think it has benefits… Everyone has a better understanding of their body and health conditions”可知，他认为BMI纳入考试虽有引起焦虑的一面，但主要是有益的，能帮助学生更好地了解自身健康状况。选项B“它帮助学生更好地了解自己的健康”准确概括了其观点。故选B。 42．篇章结构题。通览全文，文章首先介绍BMI纳入中考体育考试的政策背景，接着以北京、成都、上海为例，然后具体用张延书和陈凯飞两名学生的经历作为案例，最后总结该政策带来的积极关注与挑战。因此文章是通过“介绍政策—举例说明—展示结果和影响”的方式来组织的。选项A“通过介绍政策、使用例子和展示结果”正确描述了这一结构。故选A。 43．主旨大意题。根据文章第1段“This change aims to encourage students to pay more attention to their health and exercise habits.”可知，将BMI纳入考试的目的是鼓励学生更关注健康和锻炼习惯。选项B“帮助学生养成更健康的习惯”与此目的直接对应。故选B。 11 You may have experienced the feeling. Your mouth feels like it is on fire. Your eyes start to water. You just ate one of nature’s hottest foods—the chili pepper (辣椒)！ Chili peppers, also called chilies, are found in dishes around the world. They are in dishes like Indian curries (咖喱), Thai tom yum soup (冬阴功), and Mexican enchiladas (卷饼). Chilies are fiery because they contain something called capsaicin (辣椒素). Capsaicin is very good for your health. It helps you breathe better, and it may even help keep you fit. Capsaicin makes you feel less hungry. It also makes your body burn more fat. Eating chilies can be uncomfortable, but some people love to eat them. Anandita Dutta Tamuly, a woman from India, became famous for eating chilies. She ate 51 hot peppers in just two minutes! The peppers were Naga Jolokia (ghost peppers). They grow in India and are one of the hottest chilies in the world. “I found eating chilies was a great way to stay healthy,” said Tamuly. She began eating chilies when she was a child. She eats chilies when she doesn’t feel well too. “Every time I have a cold or flu, I just eat some chilies and I feel better. To be honest, I hardly notice them now.” 44．What does the underlined word “fiery” mean? A．Sweet. B．Salty. C．Fresh. D．Hot. 45．What is the purpose of Paragraph 3? A．To advise us not to eat too many chilies. B．To show chilies are the hottest food. C．To explain how chilies are good for us. D．To explain why eating chilies is uncomfortable. 46．Which of the following is NOT true about Anandita Dutta Tamuly? A．She thought eating chilies was good for health. B．She started eating chilies when she was a child. C．She became famous for eating Chinese chilies. D．She eats chilies when she doesn’t feel well. 47．What’s the structure of this text? (① = Paragraph 1…) A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②③④/⑤ C．①/②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤ 48．What is the passage mainly about? A．The kinds of hot chili peppers. B．The ways of planting hot chili peppers. C．The reasons why people don’t like chili peppers. D．The taste and health benefits (好处) of chili peppers. 【答案】44．D 45．C 46．C 47．D 48．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍辣椒的辛辣特点、食用后的生理感受、健康益处，以及印度女子爱吃辣椒的事例，展现辣椒的独特价值。 44．词句猜测题。根据“You just ate one of nature’s hottest foods—the chili pepper!”及第二段“Chilies are fiery because they contain something called capsaicin”可知，“fiery”意为“辣的”，故选D。 45．主旨大意题。根据“Capsaicin is very good for your health. It helps you breathe better…burn more fat”可知，该段解释辣椒对健康的益处，故选C。 46．细节理解题。根据“Anandita Dutta Tamuly... became famous for eating chilies”及“The peppers were Naga Joloka (ghost peppers). They grow in India”可知，她因吃印度辣椒出名，而非中国辣椒，故选C。 47．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章结构为：①用吃辣椒的感受引出说明对象；②③段介绍辣椒的分布、辛辣原因和健康益处；④⑤以Anandita为例说明吃辣椒的习惯及益处→即①/②③/④⑤，故选D。 48．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，本文先描述辣椒的辛辣口感，再介绍其健康益处，还列举了相关事例，故选D。 12 Can you imagine a doctor performing a surgery (手术) on a patient thousands of kilometers away? A recent surgery was done by doctors in Chengdu in real life. Using a robotic technology, the doctors saved a patient in Lhasa (拉萨). With the development of AI-powered remote surgery (人工智能辅助远程手术), modern healthcare has changed in a big way. AI played an important part in this surgery. By studying tons of medical data (数据), AI helps doctors plan the surgery, predict problems that could happen, and find the solutions. During the surgery, AI also tells the doctors the patient’s necessary information, like heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen levels. If anything goes wrong with the patient, it can warn the medical team and suggest changes to the surgery plan. Another key role in this surgery was supercomputing technology. Remote surgeries need fast data transmission (传送), as even small delays (延迟) can be dangerous. Supercomputing can quickly deal with a lot of data, making sure that the surgery pictures are clear and that the doctors’ orders are followed at once. The robot used in this surgery does an excellent job. It has one arm and one hole, which makes the incision smaller, causing less pain and speeding up the process for the patient to get better. It also increases the chances of a successful surgery and lowers the risk of accidents. This kind of surgery is a huge excitement, especially for people in remote areas. It means that patients don’t have to travel far for good medical care, saving time and being treated in time. And for places with fewer doctors, this kind of surgery also brings good news as doctors from bigger cities can help with surgeries and train local doctors. This kind of surgery is important for improving healthcare everywhere. 49．How does the writer lead into AI-powered remote surgery? A．By giving reasons. B．By telling a story. C．By giving an example. D．By listing numbers. 50．Which of the following questions is answered in Paragraph 4? A．When is the best time for the supercomputer to deal with the data? B．Where was the AI-powered remote surgery performed? C．How’s the normal computer different from the supercomputer? D．Why does the surgery need the help of supercomputer? 51．What does the underlined word “incision” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．A medical tool used to cut tissues. B．A small opening made in the body during surgery. C．A type of AI program for surgery planning. D．A treatment to reduce post-surgery pain. 52．What is the main advantage (优点) of the surgical robot mentioned in Paragraph 5? A．It can work without any internet connection. B．It is cheaper than traditional surgical methods. C．It can perform surgeries without any human doctors. D．It makes smaller cuts, reduces pain, and speeds up recovery. 53．What can we infer (推断) about this AI-powered remote surgery from the passage? A．The doctors in Lhasa might improve their skills through this kind of surgery. B．AI can warn the doctors if anything goes wrong with the patient. C．No matter how far the place is, this kind of surgery can reach. D．The patient in Lhasa may get better a little slower through this kind of surgery. 【答案】49．C 50．D 51．B 52．D 53．A 【解析】本文介绍了人工智能辅助远程手术在医疗领域的应用，包括其工作原理、技术支持和实际意义。 49．细节理解题。根据“A recent surgery was done by doctors in Chengdu in real life. Using a robotic technology, the doctors saved a patient in Lhasa (拉萨).”可知，作者通过讲述成都医生利用机器人技术为拉萨患者实施手术这一例子，引出了人工智能辅助远程手术这一话题。故选C。 50．推理判断题。根据第四段“Another key role in this surgery was supercomputing technology. Remote surgeries need fast data transmission (传送), as even small delays (延迟) can be dangerous. Supercomputing can quickly deal with a lot of data, making sure that the surgery pictures are clear and that the doctors’ orders are followed at once.”可知，本段主要说明了远程手术需要快速的数据传输，而超级计算技术能快速处理大量数据，确保手术画面清晰和医生指令立即执行，即解释了手术需要超级计算机帮助的原因。故选D。 51．词句猜测题。根据“It has one arm and one hole, which makes the incision smaller, making less pain and speeding up the process for the patient to get better.”可知，它有一个手臂和一个孔，这使得“incision”更小，疼痛更轻，患者恢复更快。结合常识可知，手术中会在身体上做切口，所以“incision”意思是“手术期间在身体上做的小开口”。故选B。 52．细节理解题。根据“It has one arm and one hole, which makes the incision smaller, making less pain and speeding up the process for the patient to get better.”可知，手术机器人的主要优点是切口更小，疼痛更轻，恢复更快。故选D。 53．推理判断题。根据“And for places with fewer doctors, this kind of surgery also brings good news as doctors from bigger cities can help with surgeries and train local doctors.”可知，对于医生较少的地方，这种手术也带来了好消息，因为大城市的医生可以协助手术并培训当地医生，所以可以推断拉萨的医生可能会通过这种手术提高他们的技能。故选A。 13 It is recommended (建议) that people get 150 minutes of exercise a week. That means that a person should exercise for about 30 minutes a day, five days a week. A half hour of brisk (轻快的) walking can easily help someone meet that goal (目标). You don’t need to walk 30 minutes all at one time to start. The scientist recommends that beginners start with three short 10-minute walks. Finally, longer walks will become easier. One great benefit (好处) of walking is that you do not need special shoes or clothes. You do not even need to go to a special area to walk. And what you are wearing right now is probably perfect for walking. Besides, you can walk anywhere at a quick speed. Another benefit of walking is that it benefits your body. According to a study carried out by Harvard Medical School, brisk walking for 30 minutes can burn over 100 calories (卡路里). The study also shows that those who walk at least 20 minutes a day, at least five days a week, have 43% fewer sick days than those who exercise once a week or less. And if they do get sick, they become well sooner. What’s more, walking is good for your mind. Walks can be taken in quiet places like parks and forests. Walking in these areas can help a person feel calm. Going on a daily walk gives your mind a break from the busy time of each day as well. A good walk lets you clear your mind and makes you feel better. 54．What can we know from the first paragraph? A．People have trouble finding time to walk. B．Walking fast makes the activity enjoyable. C．Half an hour’s walk every week is enough. D．Longer walks may be hard for beginners. 55．What do the findings of the Harvard Medical School’s study show? A．Walking is better than medicine. B．How long people should usually walk. C．Walking has wonderful results. D．When is the right time for people to walk. 56．What does the last paragraph tell us about walking? A．It helps discover new places. B．It is helpful to one’s mind. C．It makes one’s body busy. D．It helps one save much money. 57．What’s the right structure of the passage? A．①/②③④ B．①②③/④ C．①/②③/④ D．①②/③④ 58．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To show how often we can walk. B．To show us the findings of a famous study. C．To show why walking is great exercise. D．To show us what to prepare before walking. 【答案】54．D 55．C 56．B 57．A 58．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍步行是易达成的运动，无需特殊装备，且能燃脂、减少病假、有益心理，阐述步行为何是好运动。 54．推理判断题。根据“The scientist recommends that beginners start with three short 10-minute walks. Finally, longer walks will become easier.”可知，初学者需从短时间步行开始，说明长时间步行对初学者可能较难，故选D。 55．细节理解题。根据“brisk walking for 30 minutes can burn over 100 calories...have 43% fewer sick days”可知，哈佛研究显示步行有好效果，故选C。 56．主旨大意题。根据“What’s more, walking is good for your mind.”及段落内容可知，最后一段讲步行对心理有益，故选B。 57．篇章结构题。结合全文可知，第①段总述步行达每周运动目标的方法，第②③④段分别从“无需特殊装备”“有益身体”“有益心智”三个方面介绍步行的好处，结构为①/②③④，故选A。 58．主旨大意题。全文围绕步行的建议、便利性、身心健康益处展开，核心是阐述步行作为优质运动的原因，故选C。 ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $