内容正文:
专题05 Units 13~14 重点词汇句型语法&写作通用表达
Unit 13
重点单词
词性
单词
词义
备注
名词
____________
渔民;钓鱼的人
______________
煤 ;煤块
______________
优点有利条件
______________
工业;行业
______________
法律;法规
______________
餐巾;餐巾纸
______________
大门
_____________
瓶子
______________
负责人;主席;总统
_____________
铁
______________
(音乐、艺术)作品
______________
金属
动词
______________
乱扔
n. 垃圾;废弃物
______________
花费
n.花费;价钱
_____________
承担得起;买得起
_____________
回收利用;再利用
形容词
___________
丑陋的;难看的
____________
木制的;木头的
_____________
塑料的
_____________
残酷的;残忍的
_____________
有害的
_____________
科学上的;科学的
___________
现在的
n.现在;礼物
重点词汇词性转换
1.advantage (n.优点;有利条件)→_____________(n.缺点;不利条件)
2.wood (n.木头)→____________ ( adj.木头的;木制的)
3.harm(v.& n.伤害;损害)→________________(adj.有害的)
4.science (n.科学)→__________ ( adj.科学上的;科学的)→___________(n. 科学家)
5.reuse(v.重复使用)→ ___________ (adj.可重复使用的)
6.transport(v.& n.运输)→ ______________ (n.运输业;交通运输)
7.inspire (v.激励;鼓舞)→________ (n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物))→_______ (adj.鼓舞人心的;有激励作用的)→__________ (adj. 品质优秀的;能力卓越的)
8. create (v.创造;创建)→_________(adj.有创造力的)→__________(n.创造力:独创性) → _________(n.创者)→ ___________(n.创造;作品)
9.cost (v.花费n.花费;价钱)→__________(过去式)law n.法律;法规 →_________ (过去分词)
10.law (n.法律;法规)→____________(n.律师)
11. pollute (v. 污染)---- ___________ (n. 污染)
12. protect (v. 保护)----_____________ (n. 保护)
13. solve (v. 解决;处理)----____________ (n. 解决方法)
14.important ( adj. 重要的)----_____________ (n. 重要性)
15. environment (n. 环境)----___________ ( adj. 环境的)
16. electric (adj. 电的;电动的;导电的)----____________ (n. 电)
17. use (n.&v. 用途;使用)----__________ (adj. 有用的) ---______ (adj. 无用的)
18. reuse (v. 再利用)---______ (adj. 可再使用的)
19. danger (n. 危险:危险物)----_________ (adj. 危险的)----_________ (adj. 濒危的)
重点短语
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1._______________写信给某人
2.________________把......扔到......里面
3.________________ 清理
4._________________付诸行动
5._________________参与;起作用
6.__________________在...顶部/底部
7._________________快餐
8.________________ 代替;而不是
9._____________________有影响
10.___________________引领
11.________________ 听说
12._______________ 切除
13.________________ 不再
14._____________ 实际上;事实上
15.__________________对...有害
16._______________ 到目前为止
17.________________减少
18.___________________食物链
19.______________开始于
20._______________关闭/打开
21.________________付钱.
22._________________涉及,有关
23._______________________公共交通
24.__________________关闭
25.___________________关掉
26.____________________ 扔掉
27.________________________好好利用
28.__________________拆掉
29.____________________ 获奖
30.____________________上下颠倒
31._______________由…制成(看不见原材料)
32.____________由…制成(看得见原材料)
33.____________________ 用…建造..
34._________________ 乘坐公共交通
35.__________________….的重要性
36.______________对某人来说是鼓舞人心的
37.________________因…著名
38.____________________使…充满生机
39.__________________建立
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重点句型
1.我认为一些简单的事情如购物时带上购物袋都能起到作用。
I think simple things like bringing a bag _________________ can help.
2.如果他们(鲨鱼)的数目降至过低,会给所有的海洋生物带来危险。
If their numbers _________________, it will _______________ all ocean life.
3.因此,我们齐心协力就能带来变化,创造美好的未来。
So together, our actions can ________________ and _______________ a better future.
4. 世界各地的环境保护组织,如野生救援协会和世界自然基金会,都在教育公众有关“猎翅”的行为。
Environmental protection groups_____________, ______________ Wild Aid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”.
5.为了减少空气污染,我们应该坐公交车或地铁去上班而不是开车。
_________ air pollution, we should take the bus or subway ________________.
6.她住在英国一个由她自己用废弃物建造而成的房子里。
She lives in a house in the UK that she ___________ herself ____________ rubbish.
7.你曾经考虑过这些东西实际上可以怎样被好好利用吗?
Have you ever____________ how these things can actually________________?
8. 不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐,而且也说明只需要一点创造力,即便是冰冷坚硬的铁也可产生活力。
______________ the art bring happiness to others, ________ it shows that even cold, hard iron can ________________________with a little creativity.
9.门窗来自小镇周围被拆毁的旧建筑。
The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that ___________________.
10.房子的顶部是一条翻转过来的旧木船。
The top of the house is an old boat ______________________.
重点语法
一般现在时
1.一般现在时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法
(1) 表示经常性、习惯性或反复做的动作。
(2) 表示现在存在的状态或特征
(3) 表述客观真理、科学事实或格言警句。
基本结构
(1) 主语+be动词(am, is , are)+表语
(2) 主语+行为动词原形++其他
(当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用它的第三人称单数形式)
时间状语
every day , every year , on weekends , sometimes , usually , often , always …
I can’t read the letter ! The boss’s handwriting________(be)terrible ! 我看不懂这封信,老板的书写太糟糕了。
She’s a lovely girl and I _______(like)her very much . 她是一个可爱的女孩,我很喜欢她。
2.注意点
在时间、条件状语从句中, 如果主句是一般将来时,从句通常要用一般现在时代替将来时。如:
We ________(go)on a picnic if it __________(rain)tomorrow . 如果明天不下雨,我们会去野餐 。
一般过去时
1. 一般过去进的用法、构成和时间状语
用法
(1) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
(2) 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
基本结构
(1) 主语+was/were+表语
(2) 主语+行为动词的过去式+其他
时间状语
yesterday , the day before yesterday , in 2008, last week , just now …
My parents _________ (be)at home just now . 刚才我父母在家。
Last Wednesday , I ________(go)for a walk in the woods . 上星期三,我去树林里散步 。
2. 注意点
(1)规则动词的过去式通常以-ed结尾,如opened , lived , stopped , planned 等。 不规则动词的过去式有如下几种:
规律
例 句
过去式和动词原形一致
cut -cut read -read
cost -cost hurt -hurt
改变中间的元音字母
come – came run – ran swim – swam become – became win -won hold – held
其他变化
sell – sold take – took say -said speak – spoke pay – paid tell – told buy – bought build – built
(2)there be 的一般过去时的结构是There was/were +主语+其他。如:
There_______(be)a small pond in the village five years ago . 五年前,这个村子有一个小池塘。
一般将来时
1.一般将来时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法
(1) 表示将来某个时间即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
(2) 表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。
(3) 表示某人的一种打算或计划。
基本结构
(1) 主语+will+动词原形+其他
(2) 主语+am/is/are going to +动词原形+其他
时间状语
tomorrow , the day after tomorrow , next week , soon , in the future , in five days
I _________(stay)at home and look after my sick sister . 我会待在家里照顾我生病的妹妹。
Debbie ____________(swim)across the English Channel tomorrow . 黛比准备明天游过英吉利海峡。
2.注意点
(1)there be 的一般将来时的结构是There will be 或There is /are going to be . 如:
There ___________ heavy rain tomorrow . 明天将会有大雨。
There _____________a basketball match this afternoon. 今天下午将会有一场篮球赛。
(2)若描述经过计划或安排而打算要做的事情,通常有be going to ,而不是will . 如:
My brother__________________(learn)English next year . 我哥哥准备明年学英语。
现在进行时
1.现在进行时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法
表示现在或此刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
基本结构
主语+am/is/are +现在分词+其他
时间状语
now , at the moment , these days 或当look, listen 等词位于句首时
They ___________(wait)for me at the bus stop at the moment 他们现在正在公共汽车站等我。
Look!They ____________(play)basketball over there . 看!他们正在那边打篮球。
2.注意点
(1)现在分词通常在动词词尾加-ing. 如swimming , looking , reading , playing 等。
(2) 对于表示位置移动的动词来说, 通常用现在进行时来表示将来。如:
I _____________(leave)for Shanghai tomorrow . 明天我打算去上海。
过去进行时
1.过去进行时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法
表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
基本结构
主语+was /were+现在分词+其他
时间状语
at this time yesterday , at that moment 或句中有when , while 引导时间状语从句时
We _____________(watch)TV at this time yesterday . 昨天这个时候我们正在看电视 。
2.注意点
When 引导的时间状语从句可以用一般过去时,也可以用过去进行时; while引导的时间状语从句通常用过去进行时。如:
My mother ____________(cook)in the kitchen when I__________(arrive)home .当我到家的时候,我妈妈正在厨房做饭。
I ____________(read)a novel while my sister __________(do)her homework 我妹妹正在做家庭作业的时候,我正在读小说。
Someone ___________(knock)at the door while I ______________(cook). 我正做饭的时候,有人敲门。
现在完成时
1.现在完成时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法
表示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的影响或产生的结果 。
基本结构
主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
时间状语
(1) already , yet , ever , never , just , before , so far 等。
(2) for和表示时间段的短语搭配
(3) since和表示过去某一时刻的词、短语连用。
We ________already __________(clean)the classroom . 我们已经打扫过教室了。
She ___________(work)in the factory since two years ago . 她从两年前就在这家工厂工作了。
2. 注意点
(1)通常情况下, 过去分词和过去式写法一致。但也有不一致的情况,如come 的过去式是came , 过去分词是come; drink的过去式是drank , 过去分词是drunk .
(2)现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。如:
我离开这所学校已八年了。
误:I’ve left this school for eight years.
正:I’ve __________________this school for eight years .
他借用我的词典已两天了。
误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days .
正:He _________________ my dictionary for two days .
(3 ) 当非延续性动词需要和时间段搭配时,可将非延续性动词(短语)转化为延续性动词(短语)或“be+形容词/副词”的结构 。如:
buy- have
borrow – keep
open- be open
close – be closed
start/begin- be on
come – be here
finish -be over
die – be dead
leave – be away
join – be in/be a member of
They __________________ for three months . 他们已经离开三个月了。
I _____________________the camera for one year . 这个照相机我买了一年了。
被动语态
1.被动语态的结构
被动语态的结构是“be+动词的过去分词”。人称、数和时态的变化都是通过be的变化表现出来的。 在中考中常考的几种被动语态的结构有:
一般现在时
am/is/are +动词的过去分词
一般过去时
was/were+动词的过去分词
一般将来时
will be +动词的过去分词
be going to be +动词的过去分词
现在进行时
am/is/are being +动词的过去分词
现在完成时
have/has+been+动词的过去分词
含情态动词的结构
can/may/must/should+be+动词过去分词
The classroom______________(clean)by us every day .我们每天都打扫教室。
The letter _____________(post)last week . 这封信上个星期就寄出去了。
The flowers________________(water)by my mother . 我妈妈正在浇花。
Their wedding ______________(hold)next month 他们的婚礼将于下个月举行。
Five novels _______________(write)by the writer so far . 到目前为止,那位作家已经写了五部小说了。
Teenagers _______________(should,allow)to choose their own clothes . 应该允许青海年选择他们自己的衣服。
2.注意点
(1)如果句中含有双宾语,变被动语态时可以将其中的任何一个宾语变为主语,另一个不变。通常将间接宾语变为主语。但如果要把直接宾语变为主语,要在间接宾语前加介词to或for .
My father bought me a gift yesterday 昨天我爸爸给我买了一份礼物。
=I ____________________ a gift by my father yesterday .
=A gift ________________________ me by my father yesterday .
(2)在主动语态中,make,see, hear , watch , notice等动词后面的动词不定式要省略to, 但变为被动语态时,不能省略to . 如:
I saw him play in the playground 我看见他在操场上玩。
=He ______________________ play in the playground .
单元写作通用表达&范文背诵
本单元的写作话题是“保护环境”(Protecting the environment)。本节课是本单元的第六节课,是一节写作课。教师通过让学生复习有关环保话题的词汇、短语及重点句型,帮助他们在了解环境现状、存在问题及解决办法后,能够谈论环境污染和环境保护问题。学生需要针对不同的问题提出解决策略并完成写作任务。这一过程旨在提高学生的写作能力,激发他们对英语学习的热情,并培养自主学习和合作探究的习惯,引导学生积极参与课堂活动,提高他们的学习主动性。同时,通过完成写作任务,学生能够将所学知识应用于实际情境中,进一步提高他们的综合语言运用能力。
通过本节课的教学,呼吁学生保护环境,树立环保意识,了解当前环境的现状、存在的问题以及解决方法,从而树立正确的环保意识,爱护环境,并激发他们的社会责任感。
【写作步骤】
写作这类环保主题文章可采用总分总结构,通常分为三段:
第一段,介绍目前的环境的问题;
第二段,介绍如何去保护环境;
第三段,介绍保护环境的重要性以及呼吁人们保护环境。
【词汇积累】
1.environment环境/环境
2.protection保护
3.conservation保持,保护
4.sustainability可持续性
5.recycle回收
6.pollution污染
7.deforestation森林砍伐
8.biodiversity生物多样性
9.ecosystem生态系统
10.bottom底部
11. fisherman渔民
12.coal煤炭
13.advantage优势
14.industry工业
15.law法律
16.gate大门
17.bottle瓶子
18.president总统
19.work工作
20.metal金属
21.ugly丑陋
22.wooden木头
23.plastic塑料
24.cruel残忍
25.harmful有害
26.scientific科学
27.litter垃圾
28.cost花费
29.afford买得起;负担得起
30.recycle回收
【句型积累】
1.We're trying to save the earth.
我们正在努力拯救地球。
2.The river used to be so clean.
这条河曾经很干净。
3.The air is badly polluted.
空气被污染严重了。
4.To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
为了减少空气污染,我们应该乘坐公共汽车或地铁,而不是开车。
5.You should take your own bags when you go shopping.
你去购物的时候应该自己带着包。
6.It is essential for us to take immediate actions to protect our environment.
我们必须立即采取行动来保护我们的环境。
7.Raising awareness about environmental issues can lead to significant changes in public behavior.
提高对环境问题的意识可以显著改变公众行为。
8.By reducing, reusing, and recycling, we can significantly decrease the amount of waste that ends up in landfills.
通过减少使用、重复使用和回收,我们可以显著减少最终进入垃圾填埋场的废物量。
9.Combating climate change requires a global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
对抗气候变化需要全球努力减少温室气体排放。
10.Preserving natural resources ensures that future generations can enjoy the beauty of nature.
保护自然资源确保未来世代能够享受大自然的美丽。
11.Promoting sustainable development helps to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
促进可持续发展有助于满足当前需求,同时不损害未来世代满足其自身需求的能力。
12.Implementing green policies can help businesses become more environmentally friendly.
实施绿色政策可以帮助企业变得更加环保。
13.Cutting down on waste not only helps the environment but also saves money.
减少浪费不仅有助于环境,还能节省资金。
14.Saving energy is crucial for reducing our impact on the environment and decreasing utility bills.
节约能源对于减少我们对环境的影响和降低水电费至关重要。
15.Protecting endangered animals is vital for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem health.
保护濒危动物对于维持生物多样性和生态系统健康至关重要。
16.Maintaining ecological balance is key to ensuring the survival of all species on Earth.
保持生态平衡是确保地球上所有物种生存的关键。
17.Adopting eco-friendly habits can make a big difference in preserving our planet for future generations.
采纳环保习惯对于为未来世代保护我们的星球可以产生重大影响。
18.Supporting renewable energy sources reduces reliance on fossil fuels and decreases pollution levels.
支持可再生能源来源减少了对化石燃料的依赖并降低了污染水平。
19.Reducing our carbon footprint is one way each of us can contribute to slowing down global warming.
减少我们的碳足迹是我们每个人可以为减缓全球变暖做出贡献的一种方式。
20.You don't have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth
不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。
【范文欣赏】
Make Our School More Beautiful
Our school is our second home.It is our duty to make it more beautiful.What should we do?
We shouldn't throw litter around.Make sure everyone knows to throw rubbish into the dustbins.We also need to sweep the floor.Don't spit anywhere.We mustn't draw on the wall.Don't walk on grass or pick flowers.Of course,a lot of trees and grass should be planted in our school so that our school looks greener.We should do everything to protect our school.
In a word,if every student makes a contribution to keeping our school clean and tidy,it will be much more beautiful.
Unit 14
重点单词
词性
单词
词义
备注
名词
___________
调查
___________
标准;水平
___________
一排;一列;一行
____________
键盘式电子乐器;键盘
____________
方法;措施
____________
指示;命令
____________
课文;文本
____________
水平
___________
(大学)学位;度数;程度
___________
经理;经营者
____________
先生;绅士
____________
任务;工作
____________
翅膀;翼
动词
____________
加倍;是……的两倍
adj. 加倍的;两倍的
___________
将要;将会
___________
克服;战胜
__________
祝贺
形容词
__________
体贴人的;关心他人的
___________
级别(或地位)高的
____________
渴望的;口渴的
_____________
感谢;感激
_____________
单独的;分离的
v. 分开;分离
代词
_____________
我们的
副词
_____________
向前面;在前面
重点词汇词性转换
1.instruction( n.指示;命令)→______________ (v.指示;命令)
2.overcome (v.克服;战胜)→________ /_______ (过去式/过去分词) →_________ (现在分词)
3.caring (adj.体贴人的;关心他人的)→ _______ (n.& v.照料;保护;小心) →_________ (adj.小心的;细致的;精心的;慎重的)
4.manager( n.经理;经营者)→_________ (v.管理;经营)→ ____________ (n.管理;经营)
5.congratulate (v.祝贺)→________________ ( n.祝贺;恭贺;贺词)
6.thirsty (adj.渴望的;口渴的)→___________ (n.口渴;渴望)→_______________ (adv.口渴地)
7.thankful (adj.感谢;感激)→_____________ (v.感谢;谢谢)
8.separate (adj.单独的;分离的v.分开;分离)→_____________ (n.分开;分离)
9.excitement (n.兴奋)→___________ (adj. 令人兴奋的) →____________ (adj.使某人兴奋的)
10.graduate (v. 毕业 n. 毕业生)→ ____________( n.毕业)
11.responsible (adj.有责任心的)→__________ (n.责任)
12.patient (adj.有耐心的) → ____________ (adj.没有耐心的) → _________ (n.耐心) → ________ (adv.耐心地)
13.fail (v. 失败) → ___________ (n.失败)
重点短语
1._______________ 连续几次地
2.______________ 弄得一团糟
3._______________ 一团糟
4.______________ 高中
5.________________ 沉住气;保持冷静
6.__________________ (时间)逝去;过去
7.______________ 信任;信赖
8.__________________ 首先
9.______________ 渴望;渴求
10.__________________ 对某人心存感激
11._______________ 连同;除… …以处还
12.__________________对……负责任;负责任
13.________________ 出发;启程
14.__________________ 分离;隔开
15.__________________对某人有耐心
16.___________________ 算出,解决
17.___________________向某人清晰地解释某事
18._______________________ 在某方面鼓励某人
19._________________ 投入更多的精力
20.________________________弹电子琴
21._________________达到标准
22.____________________回首(往事);回顾
23.____________________展望未来
24._____________________ 在… …前面
25._______________做调查
26.______________________ 给某人带来挑战
27._____________________ 以......自豪
28._____________________长时间的训练
29._____________________给某人最好的祝福
30._______________________在...中有困难
31.______________________ 得到商学位
32.______________________ 从...中毕业
33.____________________ 给出...方面的指示
34.______________________ ...的开始
35.____________________ 做某人自己的选择
36.___________________在某人的帮助下
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
重点句型
1. I ______________________ all of you in Grade 7. 我记得在7年级见过你们所有人。
2. Someone ________________ take a break from running by a teacher.
有人被老师建议不要跑步,休息一下。
3. Which teachers will you miss the most after ____________________, Clara?
初中毕业后你最想念哪个老师?
4. She helped you to _____________ the answers yourself _____________ difficult they were.
无论多么难的问题她总是帮助你自己算出答案。
5. He always took the time _________ things_____ me clearly whenever I couldn't understand anything.
每当我不能理解的时候,他总是花时间把事情对我解释清楚。
6. _________________ her, I put more effort and my exam scores doubled.
因为她,我付出更多努力,所以我的考试分数翻倍提高。
7. The many long hours of training. ___________________.
无数个小时的训练。战胜恐惧后脸上的豪气。
8. ________________, I'd like _________________ all the students who are here today.
首先,我要祝贺今天在这里所有的学生。
9. But today I see a room full of talented young adults who ______________ hope for the future.
但今天我看到一屋子充满天赋的并对未来充满希望的年青人。
10. Although you’ve all worked very hard _________________, none of you did it alone.
在过去的三年里虽然你们已经非常的努力,但是你们中谁也不是独自就能成功的。
11. Please ___________what they’ve done for you and what they _______________ you.
请认真考虑他们为你们所做的,想想他们对你们意味着什么。
12. I don't need ____________ you that life in senior high school will be harder that you have many difficult tasks _____________you.我不需要告诉你们高中的生活会更加艰苦,在你们的面前有许多困难的任务。
13. Behind each door you open are chances to learn new things, and you ______________________.你们打开的每扇门的后面是你们学习新鲜事物的机会,你们有能力做出自己的选择。
14. Choose wisely and ________________ your decisions and actions. Although you have to go your separate way now, I hope that _________________, you’ll come back to visit our school.
明智的选择并对自己的决定和行为负责。虽然现在你们不得不踏上分手之路, 但我希望几年以后你们能回来参观我们的学校。
15. As you________________ on your new journey, you shouldn't forget where you came from. The future is yours. 当你们踏上新的旅程, 你们不应该忘记从哪里来。未来是你们的。
重点语法
(1) 宾语从句
宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句。
1. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句中,无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都要用__________,即“_______________”的顺序。
Do you know where he lives?
Can you tell me how I can get to the underground station.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
He asked me whether she was a teacher.
注意
当特殊疑问词充当宾语从句的__________时,不需要改变语序。
I just want to know who did it.
Could you please tell me what is the main reason for your being late?
若宾语从句为what’s wrong/the matter/the trouble/the problem等表示询问存在哪些问题的句子时,_________________。
I didn’t know what was the matter.
She doesn’t care what is the problem with him.
2. 宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态受_______________的限制。
主句的谓语动词是___________________,其宾语从句可以为___________________。
I don’t know that Tom has been here for two days.
I will take back what I said.
I’m sorry that I will trouble you.
主句的谓语动词是_____________,其宾语从句用相应的____________(过去完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时)。
Tom told me that Peter had gone to the airport.
I heard that he would give us a talk.
I was pleased that my father helped these people.
如果宾语从句说的是__________________时,这时无论主句是什么时态,宾语从句要用____________________。
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
3. 宾语从句的连接词
类别
用法说明
示例
连词that
连词that只起连接作用,在从句中_____________,也无实际意义,在口语和非正式文体中常被省略。
He said that he wanted to stay at home.
I told him that he was wrong.
I believe that you have done your best.
I am sure that he will succeed.
连接词if, whether
whether, if在宾语从句中不做句子的成分,两者含义没有区别,都译为“_________”。一般情况下,whether和if ___________。
I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.
只能用whether不能用if
宾语从句中有_________时
I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
在_______后面的宾语从句
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
We are talking about whether we will go there tomorrow.
和_________连用作宾语时
They asked me whether to go skating.
We haven’t decided whether to visit there tomorrow.
宾语从句置于______________
Whether they will attend the meeting, I don’t care.
连接代词
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which引导宾语从句时,这些词本身具有实际意义,并且在从句中作________________(主语、宾语、定语等)。
Do you know whom they are playing with?
He asked me whose English was the best in our class.
He asked who could do it by himself.
Do you know what they are doing here.
Do you know which film they are talking about?
连接副词
连接副词when, where, why, how引导宾语从句,这些词本身具有实际意义,并且在从句中______。(when-________/where-________/
how-________/why-______________)
Can you tell me where the nearest supermarket is?
Do you know when the train leaves?
I wonder how he can learn English so well.
Could you please explain why you were late for school?
(2) 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
区别
示例
一般过去时与______毫无关系,只是单纯的________;现在完成时表示_____________________
_______________________________
I lost my pen, but I found it later.
我丢了钢笔,但后来我找到了。
I have lost my pen, so I have to buy one.
我丢了钢笔,所以得买一支。
一般过去时的时间状语有_______________________
________________________________等;现在完成时的时间状语有_________________________________
_______________________等,有时候现在完成时没有时间状语
He finished the work an hour ago.
他一小时前完成了这项工作。
He has finished the work.
他已经完成了这项工作。
现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用;而“How long...?”特殊疑问句的时态通常用现在完成时(有时也用一般过去时)
When did you first meet him?
你第一次见他是什么时候?
How long have you worked here?
你在这儿工作多久了?
单元写作通用表达&范文背诵
本单元话题是“在校时光”(School days),这个单元是九年级最后一个单元,也是初中英语学习的最后一个单元。本单元设计目的是复习巩固初中阶段学习的一些重要语法项目,同时让学生回顾总结初中三年美好时光。
【写作步骤】
第一步,开篇点题,引出话题。
第二步,结合具体事例阐述要感谢的人/难忘的事。
第三步,抒发自己的感情及打算并书写结语。
【词汇积累】
一、单词
1.毕业;获得学位 v.graduate
2.体贴人的;关心他人的 adj. caring
3.我们的 pron. ours
4.级别(或地位)高的 adj. senior
5.水平 n. level
6.(大学)学位;度数;程度n. degree
7.祝贺 v. congratulate
8.渴望的;口渴的 adj. thirsty
9.感谢;感激 adj. thankful
10.最后 adv. lastly
11.任务;工作n. task
12.有责任心的 adj. responsible
13.单独的;分离的 adj. 分开;分离 v. separate
14.加倍;是……的两倍v. 两倍的;加倍的adj. double
二、动词短语
15.得奖win a prize
16. 休息take a break
17. 17. 计算出work out
18. 回首(往事);回忆; 回顾look back at
19. 为……做准备prepare for
20.弄得一团糟(一塌糊涂)make a mess
21.努力学习work hard
22.沉住气;保持冷静keep one's cool
23. 逝去;过去go by
24.信任; 信赖believe in
25.等待wait for
26.出发;启程set out
27.处理deal with/do with
28.接受邀请accept an invitation
三、名词短语
29.校园乐队school band
30.晨读morning reading
31. 午餐钟声lunch bell
32. 艺术节art festival
33.新年聚会New Year's party
34. 毕业庆典graduation ceremony
四、形容词短语
35.对……耐心be patient with
36.充满……be full of
37.为……感到骄傲be proud of
五、介词短语
38. 因为because of
39.准时;按时on time
40. 在某人的帮助下with one's help
41.在……结尾at the end of
42.首先first of all
43.连同;除……以外还along with
【句型积累】
(一)常用的开头语
1. I have a moving story to tell you.
我有一个感人的故事要告诉你。
2. How time flies! My colorful junior high school life is coming to the end.
时间过得真快!我丰富多彩的初中生活即将结束。
3.I can’t forget the happy time that I’ve spent here.
我忘不了在这里度过的快乐时光。
4.At the beginning of a new life, I’m going to make myself better.
在新生活的开始,我要让自己变得更好。
5.The one person from my junior high school days that I will never forget is Mrs. Li, my English teacher.
初中时我永远不会忘记的一个人是我的英语老师李老师。
6.I am glad to be here to give a speech. My topic is ...
我很高兴能在这里发表演讲。我的主题是......
7.Our middle school life will soon come to an end.
我们的中学生活很快就要结束了。
8.I'm very happy to tell you about my school life.
我很高兴告诉你我的学校生活。
9.I want to say“thank you”to my English teacher.
我想对我的英语老师说“谢谢”。
10.I'm going to graduate from junior high school.
我要初中毕业了。
11.I know you're interested in how I feel about those three years of school year.
我知道你很关心我对这三年学年的感受。
12.I'm very happy to tell you about my school life.
我很高兴告诉你我的学校生活。
13.I have become a 15-year-oldmidle school student.During the past few years,I have gained a lot.
我已经是一名15岁的中学生了。在过去的几年里,我收获颇丰。
14.How time flies!It's unbelievable that I'm going to graduate from my beloved school.There are many things to remember.
时间过得真快!令人难以置信的是,我要从我心爱的学校毕业了。有很多事情要记住。
15.I am writing to express my sincere thanks to you because you have helped me a lot in the past three years.
我写信向你表示衷心的感谢,因为你在过去三年里帮助了我很多。
(二)常用的中间语
1.I have become a 15-year-old middle school student.
我已经是一名15岁的中学生了。
2.During the past few years, I have gained a lot and I don’t want to be a person full of regret like ...
在过去的几年里,我收获了很多,我不想成为一个像…那样充满遗憾的人......
3.First, my ... teacher is patient with me. She helps me to study ...better.
首先,我的...老师对我很有耐心。她帮助我学习...更好。
4.Firstly, developing good study habits is of great importance.
首先,养成良好的学习习惯非常重要。
5.Secondly, I should make friends with people around myself.
其次,我应该和身边的人交朋友。
6.Second, my classmates help me a lot.
第二,同学们帮了我很多。
7.At the beginning of a new life, I’m going to make myself better.
在新生活的开始,我要让自己变得更好。
8.I've made quite a few friends by joining the club.
我加入俱乐部交了不少朋友。
9.I've also met some problems over the three years.
这三年我也遇到了一些问题。
10.She is kind and friendly.She is not only our teacher but also our friend.She helps me a lot with my English.
她善良友好。她不仅是我们的老师,也是我们的朋友。她在英语方面帮了我很多。
11.I became her student a year ago.
一年前我成了她的学生。
12.With her help.I made great progress.
在她的帮助下。我取得了很大的进步。
13.Whenever I'm in great need,my Chinese teacher always comes to me,so she is the person who has helped me most in the junior high school.
每当我需要帮助的时候,我的语文老师总是来找我,所以她是初中时帮助我最多的人。
14.We should be thankful to our parents. Because they gave us life and brought us up.
我们应该感谢我们的父母。因为他们给了我们生命,养育了我们。
15.So first,I should say thanks to my dear parents.They take care of me without any complaint.
首先,我要感谢我亲爱的父母。他们毫无怨言地照顾我。
(三)常用的结束语
1. I’ll be an honest man forever.
我将永远做一个诚实的人。
2. I believe if we understand and help each other, our school will be a better place.
我相信,如果我们互相理解和帮助,我们的学校会变得更好。
3.Thank you for your time!
感谢您抽出时间!
4.I hope you will be happy and healthy forever.
我希望你永远快乐健康。
5.All in all, as long as I work hard at anything, I will make myself better.
总的来说,只要我在任何事情上努力,我就会让自己变得更好。
6. Wish you great success in the future!
祝你今后事业成功!
7. In a word, my life in junior middle school was colorful and unforgettable.
总之,我初中的生活丰富多彩,令人难忘。
8.All in all,I enjoy my school life because it's colorful and meaningful.
总的来说,我喜欢我的学校生活,因为它丰富多彩,意义重大。
9.I think I am lucky to have so much love and care.
我觉得我很幸运,有这么多的爱和关怀。
10.How about your school life?Write to me soon.
你的学校生活怎么样?请尽快给我写信。
11.I will never forget these happy days together.
我永远不会忘记这些快乐的日子。
12.I am going to do well in the future so that they can be proud of me.
我将来会做得很好,这样他们就会为我感到骄傲。
13.I will never forget this lively and interesting class.
我永远不会忘记这堂生动有趣的课。
14.From... ,I know that no matter what the result is,everyone should try his best.
从......开始,我知道无论结果如何,每个人都应该尽力。
15.I feel lucky to be your student.Thank you again.Wish you good luck.
能成为你的学生,我感到很幸运。再次感谢您。祝你好运。
【范文欣赏】
To be a better man
How time flies!My junior high school life will be over soon.I will goon a new life journey and I want to be a better man.
Firstly,I will try to be a wise learner.As we all know,whether or not we can learn well depends on our learning habits.For example,it's important to keep practicing and be not afraid of making mistakes because practice makes perfect.Secondly,there's no doubt that living habits play an important role in our daily life In order to keep fit,I should exercise more and have healthier eating habits.Thirdly,Ill communicate more with my friends and parents.A friend can give us help and share happiness with us.And I want to make more friends.
I believe that I will achieve my dream one day.
$专题05 Units 13~14 重点词汇句型语法&写作通用表达
Unit 13
重点单词
词性
单词
词义
备注
名词
fisherman
渔民;钓鱼的人
coal
煤 ;煤块
advantage
优点有利条件
industry
工业;行业
law
法律;法规
napkin
餐巾;餐巾纸
gate
大门
bottle
瓶子
president
负责人;主席;总统
iron
铁
work
(音乐、艺术)作品
metal
金属
动词
litter
乱扔
n. 垃圾;废弃物
cost
花费
n.花费;价钱
afford
承担得起;买得起
recycle
回收利用;再利用
形容词
ugly
丑陋的;难看的
wooden
木制的;木头的
plastic
塑料的
cruel
残酷的;残忍的
harmful
有害的
scientific
科学上的;科学的
present
现在的
n.现在;礼物
重点词汇词性转换
1.advantage (n.优点;有利条件)→disadvantage(n.缺点;不利条件)
2.wood (n.木头)→wooden ( adj.木头的;木制的)
3.harm(v.& n.伤害;损害)→harmful(adj.有害的)
4.science (n.科学)→scientific ( adj.科学上的;科学的)→scientist (n. 科学家)
5.reuse(v.重复使用)→ reusable (adj.可重复使用的)
6.transport(v.& n.运输)→ transportation (n.运输业;交通运输)
7.inspire (v.激励;鼓舞)→inspiration (n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物))→inspiring (adj.鼓舞人心的;有激励作用的)→inspired (adj. 品质优秀的;能力卓越的)
8. create (v.创造;创建)→creative(adj.有创造力的)→creativity(n.创造力:独创性) → creator(n.创者)→ creation(n.创造;作品)
9.cost (v.花费n.花费;价钱)→cost(过去式)law n.法律;法规 →cost (过去分词)
10.law (n.法律;法规)→lawyer(n.律师)
11. pollute (v. 污染)---- pollution (n. 污染)
12. protect (v. 保护)----protection (n. 保护)
13. solve (v. 解决;处理)----solution (n. 解决方法)
14.important ( adj. 重要的)----importance (n. 重要性)
15. environment (n. 环境)----environmental ( adj. 环境的)
16. electric (adj. 电的;电动的;导电的)----electricity (n. 电)
17. use (n.&v. 用途;使用)----useful (adj. 有用的) ---useless (adj. 无用的)
18. reuse (v. 再利用)---reusable (adj. 可再使用的)
19. danger (n. 危险:危险物)----dangerous (adj. 危险的)----endangered (adj. 濒危的)
重点短语
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1.write to sb写信给某人
2.throw...into...把......扔到......里面
3.clean up 清理
4.take action付诸行动
5.take part in参与;起作用
6.at the top/bottom of在...顶部/底部
7.takeaway food 快餐
8.instead of 代替;而不是
9.make a difference有影响
10.lead to引领
11.hear of 听说
12.cut off 切除
13.no longer 不再
14.in fact 实际上;事实上
15.be harmful to对...有害
16.so far 到目前为止
17.cut down减少
18.food chain食物链
19.begin with开始于
20.turn off/on关闭/打开
21.pay for付钱.
22.be related to涉及,有关
23.public transportation公共交通
24.close down关闭
25.turn off 关掉
26.throw away 扔掉
27.put … to good use好好利用
28.pull down拆掉
29.win a prize 获奖
30.turn …upside down上下颠倒
31.be made from由…制成(看不见原材料)
32.be made of由…制成(看得见原材料)
33.build… out of.. 用…建造..
34.take public transportation 乘坐公共交通
35the importance of…….的重要性
36.be an inspiration to sb.对某人来说是鼓舞人心的
37.be known for因…著名
38.bring back to life使…充满生机
39.set up建立
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重点句型
1.我认为一些简单的事情如购物时带上购物袋都能起到作用。
I think simple things like bringing a bag to go shopping can help.
2.如果他们(鲨鱼)的数目降至过低,会给所有的海洋生物带来危险。
If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.
3.因此,我们齐心协力就能带来变化,创造美好的未来。
So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future.
4. 世界各地的环境保护组织,如野生救援协会和世界自然基金会,都在教育公众有关“猎翅”的行为。
Environmental protection groups around the world, such as Wild Aid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”.
5.为了减少空气污染,我们应该坐公交车或地铁去上班而不是开车。
To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
6.她住在英国一个由她自己用废弃物建造而成的房子里。
She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish.
7.你曾经考虑过这些东西实际上可以怎样被好好利用吗?
Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use?
8. 不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐,而且也说明只需要一点创造力,即便是冰冷坚硬的铁也可产生活力。
Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but also it shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.
9.门窗来自小镇周围被拆毁的旧建筑。
The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down.
10.房子的顶部是一条翻转过来的旧木船。
The top of the house is an old boat turned upside down.
重点语法
一般现在时
1.一般现在时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法
(1) 表示经常性、习惯性或反复做的动作。
(2) 表示现在存在的状态或特征
(3) 表述客观真理、科学事实或格言警句。
基本结构
(1) 主语+be动词(am, is , are)+表语
(2) 主语+行为动词原形++其他
(当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用它的第三人称单数形式)
时间状语
every day , every year , on weekends , sometimes , usually , often , always …
I can’t read the letter ! The boss’s handwriting is terrible ! 我看不懂这封信,老板的书写太糟糕了。
She’s a lovely girl and I like her very much . 她是一个可爱的女孩,我很喜欢她。
2.注意点
在时间、条件状语从句中, 如果主句是一般将来时,从句通常要用一般现在时代替将来时。如:
We will go on a picnic if it doesn’t rain tomorrow . 如果明天不下雨,我们会去野餐 。
一般过去时
1. 一般过去进的用法、构成和时间状语
用法
(1) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
(2) 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
基本结构
(1) 主语+was/were+表语
(2) 主语+行为动词的过去式+其他
时间状语
yesterday , the day before yesterday , in 2008, last week , just now …
My parents were at home just now . 刚才我父母在家。
Last Wednesday , I went for a walk in the woods . 上星期三,我去树林里散步 。
2. 注意点
(1)规则动词的过去式通常以-ed结尾,如opened , lived , stopped , planned 等。 不规则动词的过去式有如下几种:
规律
例 句
过去式和动词原形一致
cut -cut read -read
cost -cost hurt -hurt
改变中间的元音字母
come – came run – ran swim – swam become – became win -won hold – held
其他变化
sell – sold take – took say -said speak – spoke pay – paid tell – told buy – bought build – built
(2)there be 的一般过去时的结构是There was/were +主语+其他。如:
There was a small pond in the village five years ago . 五年前,这个村子有一个小池塘。
一般将来时
1.一般将来时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法
(1) 表示将来某个时间即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
(2) 表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。
(3) 表示某人的一种打算或计划。
基本结构
(1) 主语+will+动词原形+其他
(2) 主语+am/is/are going to +动词原形+其他
时间状语
tomorrow , the day after tomorrow , next week , soon , in the future , in five days
I will stay at home and look after my sick sister . 我会待在家里照顾我生病的妹妹。
Debbie is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow . 黛比准备明天游过英吉利海峡。
2.注意点
(1)there be 的一般将来时的结构是There will be 或There is /are going to be . 如:
There will be heavy rain tomorrow . 明天将会有大雨。
There is going to be a basketball match this afternoon. 今天下午将会有一场篮球赛。
(2)若描述经过计划或安排而打算要做的事情,通常有be going to ,而不是will . 如:
My brother is going to learn English next year . 我哥哥准备明年学英语。
现在进行时
1.现在进行时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法
表示现在或此刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
基本结构
主语+am/is/are +现在分词+其他
时间状语
now , at the moment , these days 或当look, listen 等词位于句首时
They are waiting for me at the bus stop at the moment 他们现在正在公共汽车站等我。
Look!They are playing basketball over there . 看!他们正在那边打篮球。
2.注意点
(1)现在分词通常在动词词尾加-ing. 如swimming , looking , reading , playing 等。
(2) 对于表示位置移动的动词来说, 通常用现在进行时来表示将来。如:
I am leaving for Shanghai tomorrow . 明天我打算去上海。
过去进行时
1.过去进行时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法
表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
基本结构
主语+was /were+现在分词+其他
时间状语
at this time yesterday , at that moment 或句中有when , while 引导时间状语从句时
We were watching TV at this time yesterday . 昨天这个时候我们正在看电视 。
2.注意点
When 引导的时间状语从句可以用一般过去时,也可以用过去进行时; while引导的时间状语从句通常用过去进行时。如:
My mother was cooking in the kitchen when I arrived home .当我到家的时候,我妈妈正在厨房做饭。
I was reading a novel while my sister was doing her homework 我妹妹正在做家庭作业的时候,我正在读小说。
Someone knocked at the door while I was cooking . 我正做饭的时候,有人敲门。
现在完成时
1.现在完成时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法
表示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的影响或产生的结果 。
基本结构
主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
时间状语
(1) already , yet , ever , never , just , before , so far 等。
(2) for和表示时间段的短语搭配
(3) since和表示过去某一时刻的词、短语连用。
We have already cleaned the classroom . 我们已经打扫过教室了。
She has worked in the factory since two years ago . 她从两年前就在这家工厂工作了。
2. 注意点
(1)通常情况下, 过去分词和过去式写法一致。但也有不一致的情况,如come 的过去式是came , 过去分词是come; drink的过去式是drank , 过去分词是drunk .
(2)现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。如:
我离开这所学校已八年了。
误:I’ve left this school for eight years.
正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years .
他借用我的词典已两天了。
误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days .
正:He has kept my dictionary for two days .
(3 ) 当非延续性动词需要和时间段搭配时,可将非延续性动词(短语)转化为延续性动词(短语)或“be+形容词/副词”的结构 。如:
buy- have
borrow – keep
open- be open
close – be closed
start/begin- be on
come – be here
finish -be over
die – be dead
leave – be away
join – be in/be a member of
They have been away for three months . 他们已经离开三个月了。
I have had the camera for one year . 这个照相机我买了一年了。
被动语态
1.被动语态的结构
被动语态的结构是“be+动词的过去分词”。人称、数和时态的变化都是通过be的变化表现出来的。 在中考中常考的几种被动语态的结构有:
一般现在时
am/is/are +动词的过去分词
一般过去时
was/were+动词的过去分词
一般将来时
will be +动词的过去分词
be going to be +动词的过去分词
现在进行时
am/is/are being +动词的过去分词
现在完成时
have/has+been+动词的过去分词
含情态动词的结构
can/may/must/should+be+动词过去分词
The classroom is cleaned by us every day .我们每天都打扫教室。
The letter was posted last week . 这封信上个星期就寄出去了。
The flowers are being watered by my mother . 我妈妈正在浇花。
Their wedding will be held next month 他们的婚礼将于下个月举行。
Five novels have been written by the writer so far . 到目前为止,那位作家已经写了五部小说了。
Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes . 应该允许青海年选择他们自己的衣服。
2.注意点
(1)如果句中含有双宾语,变被动语态时可以将其中的任何一个宾语变为主语,另一个不变。通常将间接宾语变为主语。但如果要把直接宾语变为主语,要在间接宾语前加介词to或for .
My father bought me a gift yesterday 昨天我爸爸给我买了一份礼物。
=I was bought a gift by my father yesterday .
=A gift was bought for me by my father yesterday .
(2)在主动语态中,make,see, hear , watch , notice等动词后面的动词不定式要省略to, 但变为被动语态时,不能省略to . 如:
I saw him play in the playground 我看见他在操场上玩。
=He was seen to play in the playground .
单元写作通用表达&范文背诵
本单元的写作话题是“保护环境”(Protecting the environment)。本节课是本单元的第六节课,是一节写作课。教师通过让学生复习有关环保话题的词汇、短语及重点句型,帮助他们在了解环境现状、存在问题及解决办法后,能够谈论环境污染和环境保护问题。学生需要针对不同的问题提出解决策略并完成写作任务。这一过程旨在提高学生的写作能力,激发他们对英语学习的热情,并培养自主学习和合作探究的习惯,引导学生积极参与课堂活动,提高他们的学习主动性。同时,通过完成写作任务,学生能够将所学知识应用于实际情境中,进一步提高他们的综合语言运用能力。
通过本节课的教学,呼吁学生保护环境,树立环保意识,了解当前环境的现状、存在的问题以及解决方法,从而树立正确的环保意识,爱护环境,并激发他们的社会责任感。
【写作步骤】
写作这类环保主题文章可采用总分总结构,通常分为三段:
第一段,介绍目前的环境的问题;
第二段,介绍如何去保护环境;
第三段,介绍保护环境的重要性以及呼吁人们保护环境。
【词汇积累】
1.environment环境/环境
2.protection保护
3.conservation保持,保护
4.sustainability可持续性
5.recycle回收
6.pollution污染
7.deforestation森林砍伐
8.biodiversity生物多样性
9.ecosystem生态系统
10.bottom底部
11. fisherman渔民
12.coal煤炭
13.advantage优势
14.industry工业
15.law法律
16.gate大门
17.bottle瓶子
18.president总统
19.work工作
20.metal金属
21.ugly丑陋
22.wooden木头
23.plastic塑料
24.cruel残忍
25.harmful有害
26.scientific科学
27.litter垃圾
28.cost花费
29.afford买得起;负担得起
30.recycle回收
【句型积累】
1.We're trying to save the earth.
我们正在努力拯救地球。
2.The river used to be so clean.
这条河曾经很干净。
3.The air is badly polluted.
空气被污染严重了。
4.To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
为了减少空气污染,我们应该乘坐公共汽车或地铁,而不是开车。
5.You should take your own bags when you go shopping.
你去购物的时候应该自己带着包。
6.It is essential for us to take immediate actions to protect our environment.
我们必须立即采取行动来保护我们的环境。
7.Raising awareness about environmental issues can lead to significant changes in public behavior.
提高对环境问题的意识可以显著改变公众行为。
8.By reducing, reusing, and recycling, we can significantly decrease the amount of waste that ends up in landfills.
通过减少使用、重复使用和回收,我们可以显著减少最终进入垃圾填埋场的废物量。
9.Combating climate change requires a global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
对抗气候变化需要全球努力减少温室气体排放。
10.Preserving natural resources ensures that future generations can enjoy the beauty of nature.
保护自然资源确保未来世代能够享受大自然的美丽。
11.Promoting sustainable development helps to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
促进可持续发展有助于满足当前需求,同时不损害未来世代满足其自身需求的能力。
12.Implementing green policies can help businesses become more environmentally friendly.
实施绿色政策可以帮助企业变得更加环保。
13.Cutting down on waste not only helps the environment but also saves money.
减少浪费不仅有助于环境,还能节省资金。
14.Saving energy is crucial for reducing our impact on the environment and decreasing utility bills.
节约能源对于减少我们对环境的影响和降低水电费至关重要。
15.Protecting endangered animals is vital for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem health.
保护濒危动物对于维持生物多样性和生态系统健康至关重要。
16.Maintaining ecological balance is key to ensuring the survival of all species on Earth.
保持生态平衡是确保地球上所有物种生存的关键。
17.Adopting eco-friendly habits can make a big difference in preserving our planet for future generations.
采纳环保习惯对于为未来世代保护我们的星球可以产生重大影响。
18.Supporting renewable energy sources reduces reliance on fossil fuels and decreases pollution levels.
支持可再生能源来源减少了对化石燃料的依赖并降低了污染水平。
19.Reducing our carbon footprint is one way each of us can contribute to slowing down global warming.
减少我们的碳足迹是我们每个人可以为减缓全球变暖做出贡献的一种方式。
20.You don't have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth
不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。
【范文欣赏】
Make Our School More Beautiful
Our school is our second home.It is our duty to make it more beautiful.What should we do?
We shouldn't throw litter around.Make sure everyone knows to throw rubbish into the dustbins.We also need to sweep the floor.Don't spit anywhere.We mustn't draw on the wall.Don't walk on grass or pick flowers.Of course,a lot of trees and grass should be planted in our school so that our school looks greener.We should do everything to protect our school.
In a word,if every student makes a contribution to keeping our school clean and tidy,it will be much more beautiful.
Unit 14
重点单词
词性
单词
词义
备注
名词
survey
调查
standard
标准;水平
row
一排;一列;一行
keyboard
键盘式电子乐器;键盘
method
方法;措施
instruction
指示;命令
text
课文;文本
level
水平
degree
(大学)学位;度数;程度
manager
经理;经营者
gentleman
先生;绅士
task
任务;工作
wing
翅膀;翼
动词
double
加倍;是……的两倍
adj. 加倍的;两倍的
shall
将要;将会
overcome
克服;战胜
congratulate
祝贺
形容词
caring
体贴人的;关心他人的
senior
级别(或地位)高的
thirsty
渴望的;口渴的
thankful
感谢;感激
separate
单独的;分离的
v. 分开;分离
代词
ours
我们的
副词
ahead
向前面;在前面
重点词汇词性转换
1.instruction( n.指示;命令)→instruct (v.指示;命令)
2.overcome (v.克服;战胜)→overcame / overcome (过去式/过去分词) →overcoming (现在分词)
3.caring (adj.体贴人的;关心他人的)→ care (n.& v.照料;保护;小心) →careful (adj.小心的;细致的;精心的;慎重的)
4.manager( n.经理;经营者)→manage (v.管理;经营)→ management (n.管理;经营)
5.congratulate (v.祝贺)→congratulation ( n.祝贺;恭贺;贺词)
6.thirsty (adj.渴望的;口渴的)→thirst (n.口渴;渴望)→thirstily (adv.口渴地)
7.thankful (adj.感谢;感激)→thank (v.感谢;谢谢)
8.separate (adj.单独的;分离的v.分开;分离)→separation (n.分开;分离)
9.excitement (n.兴奋)→exciting (adj. 令人兴奋的) →excited (adj.使某人兴奋的)
10.graduate (v. 毕业 n. 毕业生)→ graduation( n.毕业)
11.responsible (adj.有责任心的)→responsibility (n.责任)
12.patient (adj.有耐心的) → impatient (adj.没有耐心的) → patience (n.耐心) → patiently (adv.耐心地)
13.fail (v. 失败) → failure (n.失败)
重点短语
1.in a row 连续几次地
2.make a mess 弄得一团糟
3.be in a mess 一团糟
4.senior high (school) 高中
5.keep one’s cool 沉住气;保持冷静
6.go by (时间)逝去;过去
7.believe in 信任;信赖
8.first of all 首先
9.be thirsty for 渴望;渴求
10.be thankful to sb. 对某人心存感激
11.along with 连同;除… …以处还
12.be responsible for对……负责任;负责任
13.set out 出发;启程
14.separate from 分离;隔开
15.be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心
16.work out 算出,解决
17.explain sth. to sb. clearly向某人清晰地解释某事
18.encourage sb. in sth. 在某方面鼓励某人
19.put in more effort 投入更多的精力
20.play the keyboard弹电子琴
21.meet the/a standard达到标准
22.look back at=think back to回首(往事);回顾
23.look ahead to the future展望未来
24.ahead of 在… …前面
25.do/make a survey做调查
26.bring sb. challenges 给某人带来挑战
27.take pride in / be proud of 以......自豪
28.long hours of training长时间的训练
29.wish sb. the best给某人最好的祝福
30.have problems with sth.在...中有困难
31.get a business degree 得到商学位
32.graduate from 从...中毕业
33.give instructions on... 给出...方面的指示
34.the beginning of... ...的开始
35.make one’s own choice 做某人自己的选择
36.with the help of sb./with one’s help在某人的帮助下
重点句型
1. I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7. 我记得在7年级见过你们所有人。
2. Someone was advised to take a break from running by a teacher.
有人被老师建议不要跑步,休息一下。
3. Which teachers will you miss the most after junior high school, Clara?
初中毕业后你最想念哪个老师?
4. She helped you to work out the answers yourself no matter how difficult they were.
无论多么难的问题她总是帮助你自己算出答案。
5. He always took the time to explain things to me clearly whenever I couldn't understand anything.
每当我不能理解的时候,他总是花时间把事情对我解释清楚。
6. Because of her, I put more effort and my exam scores doubled.
因为她,我付出更多努力,所以我的考试分数翻倍提高。
7. The many long hours of training. Pride of overcoming fear.
无数个小时的训练。战胜恐惧后脸上的豪气。
8. First of all, I'd like to congratulate all the students who are here today.
首先,我要祝贺今天在这里所有的学生。
9. But today I see a room full of talented young adults who are full of hope for the future.
但今天我看到一屋子充满天赋的并对未来充满希望的年青人。
10. Although you’ve all worked very hard over the last three years, none of you did it alone.
在过去的三年里虽然你们已经非常的努力,但是你们中谁也不是独自就能成功的。
11. Please consider what they’ve done for you and what they mean to you.
请认真考虑他们为你们所做的,想想他们对你们意味着什么。
12. I don't need to tell you that life in senior high school will be harder that you have many difficult tasks ahead of you.我不需要告诉你们高中的生活会更加艰苦,在你们的面前有许多困难的任务。
13. Behind each door you open are chances to learn new things, and you have the ability to make your own choices.你们打开的每扇门的后面是你们学习新鲜事物的机会,你们有能力做出自己的选择。
14. Choose wisely and be responsible for your decisions and actions. Although you have to go your separate way now, I hope that in a few years’ time, you’ll come back to visit our school.
明智的选择并对自己的决定和行为负责。虽然现在你们不得不踏上分手之路, 但我希望几年以后你们能回来参观我们的学校。
15. As you set out on your new journey, you shouldn't forget where you came from. The future is yours. 当你们踏上新的旅程, 你们不应该忘记从哪里来。未来是你们的。
重点语法
(1) 宾语从句
宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句。
1. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句中,无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都要用陈述句语序,即“主语在前,谓语在后”的顺序。
Do you know where he lives?
Can you tell me how I can get to the underground station.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
He asked me whether she was a teacher.
注意
当特殊疑问词充当宾语从句的主语时,不需要改变语序。
I just want to know who did it.
Could you please tell me what is the main reason for your being late?
若宾语从句为what’s wrong/the matter/the trouble/the problem等表示询问存在哪些问题的句子时,语序无需改变。
I didn’t know what was the matter.
She doesn’t care what is the problem with him.
2. 宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制。
主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,其宾语从句可以为任何适当的时态。
I don’t know that Tom has been here for two days.
I will take back what I said.
I’m sorry that I will trouble you.
主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,其宾语从句用相应的过去时态(过去完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时)。
Tom told me that Peter had gone to the airport.
I heard that he would give us a talk.
I was pleased that my father helped these people.
如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时无论主句是什么时态,宾语从句要用一般现在时。
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
3. 宾语从句的连接词
类别
用法说明
示例
连词that
连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无实际意义,在口语和非正式文体中常被省略。
He said that he wanted to stay at home.
I told him that he was wrong.
I believe that you have done your best.
I am sure that he will succeed.
连接词if, whether
whether, if在宾语从句中不做句子的成分,两者含义没有区别,都译为“是否”。一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换。
I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.
只能用whether不能用if
宾语从句中有or not时
I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
在介词后面的宾语从句
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
We are talking about whether we will go there tomorrow.
和不定式连用作宾语时
They asked me whether to go skating.
We haven’t decided whether to visit there tomorrow.
宾语从句置于居首时
Whether they will attend the meeting, I don’t care.
连接代词
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which引导宾语从句时,这些词本身具有实际意义,并且在从句中作一定的句子成分(主语、宾语、定语等)。
Do you know whom they are playing with?
He asked me whose English was the best in our class.
He asked who could do it by himself.
Do you know what they are doing here.
Do you know which film they are talking about?
连接副词
连接副词when, where, why, how引导宾语从句,这些词本身具有实际意义,并且在从句中作状语。(when-时间状语/where-地点状语/how-方式状语/why-原因状语)
Can you tell me where the nearest supermarket is?
Do you know when the train leaves?
I wonder how he can learn English so well.
Could you please explain why you were late for school?
(2) 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
区别
示例
一般过去时与现在毫无关系,只是单纯的过去的情况;现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态一直延续到现在或过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响
I lost my pen, but I found it later.
我丢了钢笔,但后来我找到了。
I have lost my pen, so I have to buy one.
我丢了钢笔,所以得买一支。
一般过去时的时间状语有yesterday、last week、...ago、in 1980、just now等;现在完成时的时间状语有for....、since...、so far、ever、never、just、yet等,有时候现在完成时没有时间状语
He finished the work an hour ago.
他一小时前完成了这项工作。
He has finished the work.
他已经完成了这项工作。
现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用;而“How long...?”特殊疑问句的时态通常用现在完成时(有时也用一般过去时)
When did you first meet him?
你第一次见他是什么时候?
How long have you worked here?
你在这儿工作多久了?
单元写作通用表达&范文背诵
本单元话题是“在校时光”(School days),这个单元是九年级最后一个单元,也是初中英语学习的最后一个单元。本单元设计目的是复习巩固初中阶段学习的一些重要语法项目,同时让学生回顾总结初中三年美好时光。
【写作步骤】
第一步,开篇点题,引出话题。
第二步,结合具体事例阐述要感谢的人/难忘的事。
第三步,抒发自己的感情及打算并书写结语。
【词汇积累】
学科网(北京)股份有限公1 / 1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
一、单词
1.毕业;获得学位 v.graduate
2.体贴人的;关心他人的 adj. caring
3.我们的 pron. ours
4.级别(或地位)高的 adj. senior
5.水平 n. level
6.(大学)学位;度数;程度n. degree
7.祝贺 v. congratulate
8.渴望的;口渴的 adj. thirsty
9.感谢;感激 adj. thankful
10.最后 adv. lastly
11.任务;工作n. task
12.有责任心的 adj. responsible
13.单独的;分离的 adj. 分开;分离 v. separate
14.加倍;是……的两倍v. 两倍的;加倍的adj. double
二、动词短语
15.得奖win a prize
16. 休息take a break
17. 17. 计算出work out
18. 回首(往事);回忆; 回顾look back at
19. 为……做准备prepare for
20.弄得一团糟(一塌糊涂)make a mess
21.努力学习work hard
22.沉住气;保持冷静keep one's cool
23. 逝去;过去go by
24.信任; 信赖believe in
25.等待wait for
26.出发;启程set out
27.处理deal with/do with
28.接受邀请accept an invitation
三、名词短语
29.校园乐队school band
30.晨读morning reading
31. 午餐钟声lunch bell
32. 艺术节art festival
33.新年聚会New Year's party
34. 毕业庆典graduation ceremony
四、形容词短语
35.对……耐心be patient with
36.充满……be full of
37.为……感到骄傲be proud of
五、介词短语
38. 因为because of
39.准时;按时on time
40. 在某人的帮助下with one's help
41.在……结尾at the end of
42.首先first of all
43.连同;除……以外还along with
【句型积累】
(一)常用的开头语
1. I have a moving story to tell you.
我有一个感人的故事要告诉你。
2. How time flies! My colorful junior high school life is coming to the end.
时间过得真快!我丰富多彩的初中生活即将结束。
3.I can’t forget the happy time that I’ve spent here.
我忘不了在这里度过的快乐时光。
4.At the beginning of a new life, I’m going to make myself better.
在新生活的开始,我要让自己变得更好。
5.The one person from my junior high school days that I will never forget is Mrs. Li, my English teacher.
初中时我永远不会忘记的一个人是我的英语老师李老师。
6.I am glad to be here to give a speech. My topic is ...
我很高兴能在这里发表演讲。我的主题是......
7.Our middle school life will soon come to an end.
我们的中学生活很快就要结束了。
8.I'm very happy to tell you about my school life.
我很高兴告诉你我的学校生活。
9.I want to say“thank you”to my English teacher.
我想对我的英语老师说“谢谢”。
10.I'm going to graduate from junior high school.
我要初中毕业了。
11.I know you're interested in how I feel about those three years of school year.
我知道你很关心我对这三年学年的感受。
12.I'm very happy to tell you about my school life.
我很高兴告诉你我的学校生活。
13.I have become a 15-year-oldmidle school student.During the past few years,I have gained a lot.
我已经是一名15岁的中学生了。在过去的几年里,我收获颇丰。
14.How time flies!It's unbelievable that I'm going to graduate from my beloved school.There are many things to remember.
时间过得真快!令人难以置信的是,我要从我心爱的学校毕业了。有很多事情要记住。
15.I am writing to express my sincere thanks to you because you have helped me a lot in the past three years.
我写信向你表示衷心的感谢,因为你在过去三年里帮助了我很多。
(二)常用的中间语
1.I have become a 15-year-old middle school student.
我已经是一名15岁的中学生了。
2.During the past few years, I have gained a lot and I don’t want to be a person full of regret like ...
在过去的几年里,我收获了很多,我不想成为一个像…那样充满遗憾的人......
3.First, my ... teacher is patient with me. She helps me to study ...better.
首先,我的...老师对我很有耐心。她帮助我学习...更好。
4.Firstly, developing good study habits is of great importance.
首先,养成良好的学习习惯非常重要。
5.Secondly, I should make friends with people around myself.
其次,我应该和身边的人交朋友。
6.Second, my classmates help me a lot.
第二,同学们帮了我很多。
7.At the beginning of a new life, I’m going to make myself better.
在新生活的开始,我要让自己变得更好。
8.I've made quite a few friends by joining the club.
我加入俱乐部交了不少朋友。
9.I've also met some problems over the three years.
这三年我也遇到了一些问题。
10.She is kind and friendly.She is not only our teacher but also our friend.She helps me a lot with my English.
她善良友好。她不仅是我们的老师,也是我们的朋友。她在英语方面帮了我很多。
11.I became her student a year ago.
一年前我成了她的学生。
12.With her help.I made great progress.
在她的帮助下。我取得了很大的进步。
13.Whenever I'm in great need,my Chinese teacher always comes to me,so she is the person who has helped me most in the junior high school.
每当我需要帮助的时候,我的语文老师总是来找我,所以她是初中时帮助我最多的人。
14.We should be thankful to our parents. Because they gave us life and brought us up.
我们应该感谢我们的父母。因为他们给了我们生命,养育了我们。
15.So first,I should say thanks to my dear parents.They take care of me without any complaint.
首先,我要感谢我亲爱的父母。他们毫无怨言地照顾我。
(三)常用的结束语
1. I’ll be an honest man forever.
我将永远做一个诚实的人。
2. I believe if we understand and help each other, our school will be a better place.
我相信,如果我们互相理解和帮助,我们的学校会变得更好。
3.Thank you for your time!
感谢您抽出时间!
4.I hope you will be happy and healthy forever.
我希望你永远快乐健康。
5.All in all, as long as I work hard at anything, I will make myself better.
总的来说,只要我在任何事情上努力,我就会让自己变得更好。
6. Wish you great success in the future!
祝你今后事业成功!
7. In a word, my life in junior middle school was colorful and unforgettable.
总之,我初中的生活丰富多彩,令人难忘。
8.All in all,I enjoy my school life because it's colorful and meaningful.
总的来说,我喜欢我的学校生活,因为它丰富多彩,意义重大。
9.I think I am lucky to have so much love and care.
我觉得我很幸运,有这么多的爱和关怀。
10.How about your school life?Write to me soon.
你的学校生活怎么样?请尽快给我写信。
11.I will never forget these happy days together.
我永远不会忘记这些快乐的日子。
12.I am going to do well in the future so that they can be proud of me.
我将来会做得很好,这样他们就会为我感到骄傲。
13.I will never forget this lively and interesting class.
我永远不会忘记这堂生动有趣的课。
14.From... ,I know that no matter what the result is,everyone should try his best.
从......开始,我知道无论结果如何,每个人都应该尽力。
15.I feel lucky to be your student.Thank you again.Wish you good luck.
能成为你的学生,我感到很幸运。再次感谢您。祝你好运。
【范文欣赏】
To be a better man
How time flies!My junior high school life will be over soon.I will goon a new life journey and I want to be a better man.
Firstly,I will try to be a wise learner.As we all know,whether or not we can learn well depends on our learning habits.For example,it's important to keep practicing and be not afraid of making mistakes because practice makes perfect.Secondly,there's no doubt that living habits play an important role in our daily life In order to keep fit,I should exercise more and have healthier eating habits.Thirdly,Ill communicate more with my friends and parents.A friend can give us help and share happiness with us.And I want to make more friends.
I believe that I will achieve my dream one day.
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