第10讲 必修三 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（寒假预习讲义）高一英语人教版

第10讲 必修三 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures （知识全梳理&考点精准练）（寒假预习讲义） 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 知识梳理 重点01 核心单词和短语 知识精讲 一、核心词汇 英文词汇 音标 汉语释义 拓展/考点 diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ adj. 多种多样的；不同的 派生词：diversity n. 多样性；差异 culture /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 文化；文明 搭配：cultural differences 文化差异 custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n.风俗；习俗 近义词：tradition n. 传统 ethnic /ˈeθnɪk/ adj. 民族的；种族的 搭配：ethnic groups 民族群体 minority /maɪˈnɒrəti/ n. 少数；少数民族 反义词：majority n. 多数 immigrant /ˈɪmɪɡrənt/ n. 移民；外侨 派生词：immigrate v. 移民入境 poetry /ˈpəʊətri/ n. 诗；诗歌（总称） 形近词：poem n. 一首诗 fashion /ˈfæʃn/ n. 时尚；流行款式 搭配：in fashion 流行；out of fashion 过时 boom /buːm/ n. 繁荣；激增 v. 迅速发展 例句：The city is booming with cultural industries. attract /əˈtrækt/ v. 吸引；引起…… 的兴趣 派生词：attraction n. 吸引力；景点 familiar /fəˈmɪliə(r)/ adj. 熟悉的；常见的 搭配：be familiar with 对…… 熟悉（人作主语） admit /ədˈmɪt/ v. 承认；准许进入 用法：admit doing sth. 承认做过某事 definitely /ˈdefɪnətli/ adv. 肯定；确实 形容词形式：definite adj. 明确的 occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ v. 发生；出现 用法：occur to sb. 某人想到 frequently /ˈfriːkwəntli/ adv. 频繁地；经常 形容词形式：frequent adj. 频繁的 二、核心短语 英文短语 汉语释义 例句 be famous for 以…… 闻名 This town is famous for its diverse ethnic culture. refer to 指的是；提及；查阅 The term “multiculture” refers to the coexistence of different cultures. fit in 适应；融入 It’s not easy for immigrants to fit in with the local life at first. in addition to 除…… 之外（还有） In addition to traditional food, they also serve western dishes. take advantage of 利用；占便宜 We should take advantage of the opportunity to learn about different cultures. consist of 由…… 组成 The team consists of people from five different countries. up to 达到（数量）；直到 Up to 50 ethnic groups live in this small province. dress in 穿着 She likes to dress in clothes of her own ethnic style. come from 来自；起源于 This custom comes from an ancient story about a hero. keep up 保持；继续 We should keep up the good tradition of respecting other cultures. 重点02非限制性定语从句 三、语法精讲： 非限制性定语从句是本单元定语从句的重点和难点，它不用于限定先行词的范围，只对先行词或主句内容进行补充说明，去掉后不影响主句的完整性。 （一） 基本特征 1. 形式标志： 用逗号将从句与主句隔开，是区分限制性定语从句的关键。 （1）限制性定语从句（无逗号）：The girl who wears a red scarf is my deskmate. （限定是 “戴红围巾的” 女孩，去掉后不知道指哪个女孩） （2）非限制性定语从句（有逗号）：The girl, who wears a red scarf, is my deskmate. （补充说明女孩的穿着，去掉后主句 “这个女孩是我同桌” 依然完整） 2.先行词范围： （1）可指代单个名词/代词（人或物） （2）可指代整个主句的内容，此时从句谓语动词用单数。 （二） 关系词的用法 非限制性定语从句的关系词不能用 that，也不能省略，具体分为关系代词和关系副词两类， 详细分类及用法如下： 1、关系代词 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中作的成分 例句 who 人 主语 My deskmate, who is from shanxi, can speak three languages. whom 人 宾语 The writer, whom we talked about , focuses on cultural diversity. whose 人/物 定语（表所属关系） That old village, whose customs have lasted for centuries, attracts many tourists. which 物 主语/宾语 She loves exploring different cultures, which broadens her horizons. 2、关系副词 关系副词 指代对象 在从句中作的成分 例句 when 时间名词 时间状语 The Spring Festival, when families gather together, is a time for celebration. where 地点名词 地点状语 We visited a small town, where people keep traditional lifestyles. 【易混辨析】 as/which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 项目 as which 指代 引导的从句通常指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既指代整个主句的内容,又可指代主句的一部分 位置 引导的从句可位于主句之前、中或后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前 意义 正如,正像 这,这一点 3、“介词+关系代词” 结构 （1）介词后只能用 which（指物） 或 whom（指人），不能用 that。 例句： This is the museum, in which we saw many ethnic artworks last week. The boy, with whom I shared my snacks, is an immigrant from America. This is the museum, in which we saw many ethnic artworks last week. （2）“介词 + 关系词” 的介词选择： 依据先行词的搭配：The day, on which we held the cultural party, was unforgettable.（on the day） 依据从句动词的搭配：The girl, with whom I played games, is from Japan.（play games with sb.） 核心考点辨析 一、非限制性定语从句 vs 限制性定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句 原句：The student who wears a blue coat is our monitor. 分析：无逗号，who 限定 “穿蓝色外套的” 学生，去掉从句后 “这个学生是我们班长” 指代不明。 翻译：穿蓝色外套的那个学生是我们的班长。 2. 非限制性定语从句 原句：The student, who wears a blue coat, is our monitor. 分析：有逗号，who 补充说明这个学生的穿着，去掉从句后 “这个学生是我们班长” 意思完整。 翻译：这个学生是我们的班长，他穿着一件蓝色外套。 3.补充特殊考点 当非限制性定语从句指代整个主句内容时，只能用 which 引导，这是限制性定语从句不具备的用法。 例：He devoted himself to cultural research, which made him famous. （which 指代 “他投身文化研究” 这件事） 3. 定语从句区分解题口诀 核心口诀逗号有无是关键，限制定无不限有。 功能限定与补充，去掉句意判不同。 that 只用限制性，非限 which 来替它。 关系代词省不省，逗号出现不能省。 4. 口诀拆解 & 用法说明 （1）逗号有无是关键，限制定无不限有 解读：看句子有没有逗号，限制性定语从句无逗号，非限制性定语从句必须有逗号隔开。 例： 限：The park which we visited is famous.（无逗号） 非限：The park, which we visited, is famous.（有逗号） （2）功能限定与补充，去掉句意判不同 解读：去掉从句后，主句意思不完整、指代不明 → 限制性；主句意思完整 → 非限制性。 例： 限：去掉从句→The park is famous（不知道是哪个公园，句意不明） 非限：去掉从句→The park is famous（句意完整） （3）that 只用限制性，非限 which 来替它 解读：that 只能引导限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句指代物或整个主句，都要用 which。 例： ✔ 限：The book that I bought is about culture. ✘ 非限：The book, that I bought, is about culture. ✔ 非限：The book, which I bought, is about culture. （4）关系代词省不省，逗号出现不能省 解读：限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可省略；非限制性定语从句有逗号，关系词无论 作何成分都不能省略。 例： 限：The girl (whom) we met is an immigrant.（whom 作宾语，可省） 非限：The girl, whom we met, is an immigrant.（whom 不能省） 5、定语从句做题小妙招： 方法1：先行词还原法 e.g. The village _______ I visited last year has changed a lot. 先行词为the village，将先行词 还原到定语从句中后为 I visited the village last year. 先行词在从句中作宾语。 方法2：四步分析法 一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处，三看句中作何用，四看是否属特殊。 e.g. Do you know the man _______ came here yesterday? 先行词为the man，关系词指人且在 从句中作主语，故用who/that。 e.g. He brought me the most interesting book _______ I had wanted to buy. 先行词book被形容词 最高级修饰，用that。 好题精练 一、单句语法填空 1．The problem comes when cool weather delays the spring harvest of wheat, in turn delays the planting of soybeans. 2．The lecture today may offend some audience, to I offer my apologies in advance. 3．She showed me around the town, was very kind of her. 4．The famous scientist, achievements are well - known, will give us a lecture next week. 5．Tom, everyone knows, is a friendly boy. 6．The new stadium, the construction of has taken two years, will host the coming sports meet. 7．Beijing is a popular destination for tourists, many of travel from all over the world to experience its rich culture and history. 8．Participants, most of are middle school students, will meet on campus. 9．I worked at a panda conservation center in China, saw a significant increase in panda population numbers. 10．She called her doctor, recommended her to get checked out to see if she had a stomach problem. 11．I climbed up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 12．More and more people in the world, we see, have come to realize the significance of pollution control. 13．Mr. Zhu, daughter was admitted to Tsinghua University last year, retired yesterday. 14．Mr. Zhang, came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father.(用适当的词填空) 15．Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, has two common meanings... 16．My father, is a hardworking man, supports our family. ( 17．He often recalls his childhood, he lived with his grandparents in the countryside. 18．The place, we had a great time last summer, is a seaside town. 19．The picture, colors are so vivid, caught my attention immediately. 20．The person, I borrowed the book from, is my classmate. 21．（Stand-up comedy is a live performance, the performer tells jokes and shares humorous stories to entertain the audience. 22．We moved on to the north tip of the area, it was blowing hard and snowing. 23．Recent accidents, fifty people lost their lives, are mainly due to the heavy fog. 24．I took my friend to the Summer Palace, we had some photos taken. 25．Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, thousands were attending a water conference. 26．My life as a tax­paying employed person began in middle school, , for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. 27．He hid himself behind the door，from he saw the man take something on the desk. 28．The party, theme was “Fantasy World”, was really unforgettable. 29．The museum, exhibits many precious artifacts, attracts numerous visitors. 30．（My mother, cooks delicious meals every day, takes good care of our family. 真题感知 一、单项选择 1．（24-25高一下·广东江门·期末）She has two daughters, ______ are nurses. A．all of them B．both of them C．both of whom D．all of whom 2．（24-25高一下·河北邢台·期末）He won the match, ________surprised all of us. A．that B．what C．which D．for which 3．（24-25高一下江苏·南通·期末）Many young people, most _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A．of which B．of them C．of whom D．of those 4．（2009·安徽·高考真题）Many children, ________ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. A．their B．whose C．of them D．with whom 5．（24-25高一下·江西吉安·期末）I saw a boy in the supermarket yesterday, ________ reminded me of my good friend. A．that B．which C．where D．who 二、完成句子 1.（24-25高一下·广东广州·期中）他在父母的启发下发明了水质检测器，使得当地居民大大受益。（分词作状语，非限制性定语从句） , he invented the water quality detector, the locals. 2.（23-24高一下·广东广州·期末）正是他们的充分准备才让这场表演大获成功，让观众们印象深刻。（强调句，非限制性定语从句） It made the performance such a big success, all the audience. 3.（23-24高一下·全国·期中）正如中国谚语所说的，“仁者长寿”。(as引导的非限制性定语从句) , “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.” 4.（24-25高一下·广东江门·期末）Some people always talk loudly in public, (这真的很烦人). (用定语从句) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 5．（24-25高一下·广东广州·期末）我非常感激M. Smith，没有他的帮忙我就不可能取得这么大的进步。 I am very grateful to Mr. Smith, I couldn’t have made so much progress. 三、完形填空 （24-25高一下·广东东莞·期末）In Xiamen’s subway stations, three self-service shops named “Lucky Star” are changing lives. 1 by Luo Liying, these shops sell donated books and toys while helping young adults with autism (孤独症) learn job skills. Luo has been working with autistic children for 24 years. As the children grew older, she was 2 to help them find a job. After failed 3 like a short-lived restaurant, she started a project about self-service shops, which eventually proved successful. Each day, these young adults clean shelves, 4 goods and help customers. Though it is 5 at first, the young adults now manage daily operations smoothly, and the 6 even covers its costs. “We keep solving problems,” Luo said, 7 a notebook filled with solutions during an interview. Support from different walks of life made the project 8 . The Xiamen Disabled Persons’ Federation lowered rent costs, while locals 9 donated books, shoes, and even 70 pairs of new footwear. Luo often 10 donations herself, meeting kind strangers who support her work. “Their kindness keeps me going,” she smiled. The young adults with autism 11 the shops a lot in many ways. A boy who seldom spoke now 12 shares stories about the books. One mother also wrote to Luo, “My child has learned many useful skills and made great 13 with your support and care. This little shop is a place where he is realizing his worth.” The shops are more than stores — they’re bridges to 14 . What’s more, it proves that with love and patience, everyone can 15 . 1．A．Recognised B．Established C．Investigated D．Advertised 2．A．embarrassed B．surprised C．anxious D．curious 3．A．chances B．tasks C．attempts D．exams 4．A．buy B．arrange C．design D．produce 5．A．challenging B．interesting C．boring D．amazing 6．A．restaurant B．project C．community D．mission 7．A．observing B．throwing C．ignoring D．showing 8．A．possible B．necessary C．legal D．normal 9．A．skillfully B．bravely C．wisely D．generously 10．A．limited B．compared C．collected D．spent 11．A．depend on B．benefit from C．reflect on D．adapt to 12．A．slowly B．softly C．immediately D．confidently 13．A．contribution B．effort C．progress D．profit 14．A．independence B．fame C．adventure D．friendship 15．A．shine B．relax C．win D．survive 四、语法填空 （24-25高一下·河南南阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 So far, China Eastern Airlines 1 (receive) approval(批准)from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to offer in- flight Wi-Fi service on 21 airplanes. The carrier becomes China's first airline company 2 （provide) Wi-Fi service for both domestic and international flights. Passengers 3 (leave) for New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Toronto, Beijing and Guangzhou will have access 4 me Wi-Fi service through a telecommunication satellite. The flights will begin to provide the service in one month after operational 5 （prepare). The Wi-Fi service will be free in the 21 airplanes at the beginning, 6 a charge list is now under discussion. The company plans to put in Wi-Fi service 7 (equip) in all airplanes by 2019-2020. Other carriers in China, such as Air China and Hainan Airlines also have been following this attempt in some of their flights during the past few years. Industry experts note that 8 approval for the Wi-Fi service on 21 airplanes.is a trial for commercial in-flight Internet service operations in China. Aviation(航空)business staff say that China has the potential to become the world's 9 (large) aviation market, 10 is likely to create tens of billions of yuan in profit in the aviation Internet business. 综合提升练 一、单项选择 1．The dictionary is the only place ________ success comes before work. A．that B．where C．which D．when 2．Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A．in which B．Where C．that D．the one 3．It’s the same in China --- many people, ________ some are not overweight at all, are always going on diets or taking weight-loss pills, ________ are often dangerous. A．whose; which B．of which; who C．of whom; which D．who; that 4．Einstein was one of the greatest scientists changed the way we think. A．which B．who C．whose D．what 5．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ________ the audience can buy ice­cream. A．when B．where C．that D．which 二、完形填空 In my 40s, as a new solo traveller, I spent endless time looking around souvenir shops in tourist areas. It never 1 me that in shops where merchants weren’t paying big rents, I could save money. Besides, I didn’t give much 2 for the size of what I was buying, nor did I care that I would have to take the trouble to carry it around. I learned and 3 . I also found that over time, the objects that were 4 to me changed too. As my tastes matured, my bags got 5 , and so did the time I spent buying cheap goods. In my 50s I collected boxes from around the world. Not ordinary boxes but ones 6 made by artists. These were small so that they 7 easily into every place of my backpack. The 8 was delightful — the silver from South Korea, the painted camel bone from Egypt and dozens more taking up their 9 in my house. Then a funny thing happened. My interest in the collection 10 while my grandchildren’s interest in it grew, so a wonderful and new 11 began. Each time a child came to visit, he or she was 12 to pick a box. My popularity 13 increased among the children, and pretty soon my collection had been 14 among the little people in our family. Each gift was 15 by a mini travel story explaining where the box was found, who had made it and what that country was like. 1．A．counted on B．dawned on C．called on D．concentrated on 2．A．reputation B．rejection C．concern D．enthusiasm 3．A．adjusted B．desired C．judged D．checked 4．A．accessible B．appealing C．reliable D．disappointing 5．A．smaller B．bigger C．heavier D．smoother 6．A．delicately B．intentionally C．carelessly D．ambitiously 7．A．fell B．fitted C．dug D．set 8．A．value B．pattern C．variety D．fashion 9．A．time B．path C．direction D．position 10．A．rose B．faded C．changed D．remained 11．A．hobby B．signal C．routine D．principle 12．A．forbidden B．allowed C．tolerated D．enhanced 13．A．normally B．casually C．unfortunately D．delightfully 14．A．exposed B．awarded C．divided D．abandoned 15．A．indicated B．described C．confirmed D．accompanied 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In recent years, the combination of Western and Chinese cultures has become a fascinating phenomenon. Take food as an example: many restaurants now serve dishes like “Peking duck tacos”, 1 combines crispy duck with Mexican tortillas. Such creations show how cooking styles 2 (mix) to create something new. Festival celebrations also reflect this mix. During Christmas, some Chinese families hang red lanterns alongside Christmas trees, while 3 Spring Festival marches in Western cities often include lion dances. Young people even send electronic red envelopes via apps, 4 (keep) the tradition alive 5 a modern way. Art is another field where cultures meet. Chinese ink wash painting has inspired Western artists, 6 some pop songs use traditional instruments like the guzheng. Fashion designers often mix eastern patterns with western ones, creating 7 (beauty) clothing that appeals to global audiences. As the world grows more 8 (connect), the mixing of cultures is not just a trend but a necessity. It allows us to appreciate other customs while keeping our own 9 (tradition). In this way, cultural integration becomes a bridge 10 (build) understanding between nations. 四、书信写作 假定你是李华，你的外籍朋友Ryan一直对中国文化很感兴趣。请你给他写信推荐本学期你校将要开设的“话说中国节（Festive China）”线上课程。内容包括： 1.课程开设时间； 2.课程内容； 3.课程意义。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Ryan, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第10讲 必修三 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures （知识全梳理&考点精准练）（寒假预习讲义） 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 知识梳理 重点01 核心单词和短语 知识精讲 一、核心词汇 英文词汇 音标 汉语释义 拓展/考点 diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ adj. 多种多样的；不同的 派生词：diversity n. 多样性；差异 culture /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 文化；文明 搭配：cultural differences 文化差异 custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n.风俗；习俗 近义词：tradition n. 传统 ethnic /ˈeθnɪk/ adj. 民族的；种族的 搭配：ethnic groups 民族群体 minority /maɪˈnɒrəti/ n. 少数；少数民族 反义词：majority n. 多数 immigrant /ˈɪmɪɡrənt/ n. 移民；外侨 派生词：immigrate v. 移民入境 poetry /ˈpəʊətri/ n. 诗；诗歌（总称） 形近词：poem n. 一首诗 fashion /ˈfæʃn/ n. 时尚；流行款式 搭配：in fashion 流行；out of fashion 过时 boom /buːm/ n. 繁荣；激增 v. 迅速发展 例句：The city is booming with cultural industries. attract /əˈtrækt/ v. 吸引；引起…… 的兴趣 派生词：attraction n. 吸引力；景点 familiar /fəˈmɪliə(r)/ adj. 熟悉的；常见的 搭配：be familiar with 对…… 熟悉（人作主语） admit /ədˈmɪt/ v. 承认；准许进入 用法：admit doing sth. 承认做过某事 definitely /ˈdefɪnətli/ adv. 肯定；确实 形容词形式：definite adj. 明确的 occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ v. 发生；出现 用法：occur to sb. 某人想到 frequently /ˈfriːkwəntli/ adv. 频繁地；经常 形容词形式：frequent adj. 频繁的 二、核心短语 英文短语 汉语释义 例句 be famous for 以…… 闻名 This town is famous for its diverse ethnic culture. refer to 指的是；提及；查阅 The term “multiculture” refers to the coexistence of different cultures. fit in 适应；融入 It’s not easy for immigrants to fit in with the local life at first. in addition to 除…… 之外（还有） In addition to traditional food, they also serve western dishes. take advantage of 利用；占便宜 We should take advantage of the opportunity to learn about different cultures. consist of 由…… 组成 The team consists of people from five different countries. up to 达到（数量）；直到 Up to 50 ethnic groups live in this small province. dress in 穿着 She likes to dress in clothes of her own ethnic style. come from 来自；起源于 This custom comes from an ancient story about a hero. keep up 保持；继续 We should keep up the good tradition of respecting other cultures. 重点02非限制性定语从句 三、语法精讲： 非限制性定语从句是本单元定语从句的重点和难点，它不用于限定先行词的范围，只对先行词或主句内容进行补充说明，去掉后不影响主句的完整性。 （一） 基本特征 1. 形式标志： 用逗号将从句与主句隔开，是区分限制性定语从句的关键。 （1）限制性定语从句（无逗号）：The girl who wears a red scarf is my deskmate. （限定是 “戴红围巾的” 女孩，去掉后不知道指哪个女孩） （2）非限制性定语从句（有逗号）：The girl, who wears a red scarf, is my deskmate. （补充说明女孩的穿着，去掉后主句 “这个女孩是我同桌” 依然完整） 2.先行词范围： （1）可指代单个名词/代词（人或物） （2）可指代整个主句的内容，此时从句谓语动词用单数。 （二） 关系词的用法 非限制性定语从句的关系词不能用 that，也不能省略，具体分为关系代词和关系副词两类， 详细分类及用法如下： 1、关系代词 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中作的成分 例句 who 人 主语 My deskmate, who is from shanxi, can speak three languages. whom 人 宾语 The writer, whom we talked about , focuses on cultural diversity. whose 人/物 定语（表所属关系） That old village, whose customs have lasted for centuries, attracts many tourists. which 物 主语/宾语 She loves exploring different cultures, which broadens her horizons. 2、关系副词 关系副词 指代对象 在从句中作的成分 例句 when 时间名词 时间状语 The Spring Festival, when families gather together, is a time for celebration. where 地点名词 地点状语 We visited a small town, where people keep traditional lifestyles. 【易混辨析】 as/which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 项目 as which 指代 引导的从句通常指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既指代整个主句的内容,又可指代主句的一部分 位置 引导的从句可位于主句之前、中或后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前 意义 正如,正像 这,这一点 3、“介词+关系代词” 结构 （1）介词后只能用 which（指物） 或 whom（指人），不能用 that。 例句： This is the museum, in which we saw many ethnic artworks last week. The boy, with whom I shared my snacks, is an immigrant from America. This is the museum, in which we saw many ethnic artworks last week. （2）“介词 + 关系词” 的介词选择： 依据先行词的搭配：The day, on which we held the cultural party, was unforgettable.（on the day） 依据从句动词的搭配：The girl, with whom I played games, is from Japan.（play games with sb.） 核心考点辨析 一、非限制性定语从句 vs 限制性定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句 原句：The student who wears a blue coat is our monitor. 分析：无逗号，who 限定 “穿蓝色外套的” 学生，去掉从句后 “这个学生是我们班长” 指代不明。 翻译：穿蓝色外套的那个学生是我们的班长。 2. 非限制性定语从句 原句：The student, who wears a blue coat, is our monitor. 分析：有逗号，who 补充说明这个学生的穿着，去掉从句后 “这个学生是我们班长” 意思完整。 翻译：这个学生是我们的班长，他穿着一件蓝色外套。 3.补充特殊考点 当非限制性定语从句指代整个主句内容时，只能用 which 引导，这是限制性定语从句不具备的用法。 例：He devoted himself to cultural research, which made him famous. （which 指代 “他投身文化研究” 这件事） 3. 定语从句区分解题口诀 核心口诀逗号有无是关键，限制定无不限有。 功能限定与补充，去掉句意判不同。 that 只用限制性，非限 which 来替它。 关系代词省不省，逗号出现不能省。 4. 口诀拆解 & 用法说明 （1）逗号有无是关键，限制定无不限有 解读：看句子有没有逗号，限制性定语从句无逗号，非限制性定语从句必须有逗号隔开。 例： 限：The park which we visited is famous.（无逗号） 非限：The park, which we visited, is famous.（有逗号） （2）功能限定与补充，去掉句意判不同 解读：去掉从句后，主句意思不完整、指代不明 → 限制性；主句意思完整 → 非限制性。 例： 限：去掉从句→The park is famous（不知道是哪个公园，句意不明） 非限：去掉从句→The park is famous（句意完整） （3）that 只用限制性，非限 which 来替它 解读：that 只能引导限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句指代物或整个主句，都要用 which。 例： ✔ 限：The book that I bought is about culture. ✘ 非限：The book, that I bought, is about culture. ✔ 非限：The book, which I bought, is about culture. （4）关系代词省不省，逗号出现不能省 解读：限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可省略；非限制性定语从句有逗号，关系词无论 作何成分都不能省略。 例： 限：The girl (whom) we met is an immigrant.（whom 作宾语，可省） 非限：The girl, whom we met, is an immigrant.（whom 不能省） 5、定语从句做题小妙招： 方法1：先行词还原法 e.g. The village _______ I visited last year has changed a lot. 先行词为the village，将先行词 还原到定语从句中后为 I visited the village last year. 先行词在从句中作宾语。 方法2：四步分析法 一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处，三看句中作何用，四看是否属特殊。 e.g. Do you know the man _______ came here yesterday? 先行词为the man，关系词指人且在 从句中作主语，故用who/that。 e.g. He brought me the most interesting book _______ I had wanted to buy. 先行词book被形容词 最高级修饰，用that。 好题精练 一、单句语法填空 1．The problem comes when cool weather delays the spring harvest of wheat, in turn delays the planting of soybeans. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当凉爽的天气推迟了小麦的春季收获时，问题就出现了，这反过来又推迟了大豆的种植。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子“The problem comes when cool weather delays the spring harvest of wheat”，在从句中作主语，关系词应用which。故填which。 2．The lecture today may offend some audience, to I offer my apologies in advance. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：今天的演讲可能会冒犯一些观众，我提前向他们道歉。apology to sb(向某人道歉)为固定短语，to为介词。分析句子结构可知，“to___ I offer my apologies in advance”为定语从句，修饰先行词some audience，故本空填关系代词whom代替先行词在定语从句中作介词to的宾语。故答案为whom。 3．She showed me around the town, was very kind of her. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她带我参观了这个城镇，她真是太好了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 4．The famous scientist, achievements are well - known, will give us a lecture next week. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位成就众所周知的著名科学家下星期将给我们作报告。分析句子结构，“The famous scientist”是句子的主语，“will give us a lecture next week”是句子的谓语和宾语部分，“______ achievements are well - known”是一个非限制性定语从句。先行词是“The famous scientist”，在定语从句 “______ achievements are well - known”中，“achievements”（成就）与先行词“The famous scientist”之间是所属关系，即“这位著名科学家的成就”，所以要用关系代词“whose”来引导该定语从句，“whose”在定语从句中作定语，修饰“achievements”。故填whose。 5．Tom, everyone knows, is a friendly boy. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，汤姆是一个友好的男孩。分析句子可知，“as everyone knows”是一个非限制性定语从句，“as”引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如；正像”的意思，在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语等成分，且“as”引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。在句子“Tom, ______ everyone knows, is a friendly boy.”中，“as”指代整个主句“Tom is a friendly boy”的内容，在从句“as everyone knows”中作“knows”的宾语，“as everyone knows”意为“正如大家所知道的”。故填as。 6．The new stadium, the construction of has taken two years, will host the coming sports meet. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：新体育场的建设花了两年时间，它将举办即将到来的运动会。分析句子结构，“The new stadium”是句子的主语，“will host the coming sports meet”是谓语和宾语部分，“the construction of ______ has taken two years”是一个非限制性定语从句。先行词是“The new stadium”，在定语从句“the construction of ______ has taken two years”中，“the construction of...”表示“……的建造”，这里需要一个关系代词指代先行词“The new stadium”，作介词“of”的宾语，所以要用“which”来引导该定语从句。故填which。 7．Beijing is a popular destination for tourists, many of travel from all over the world to experience its rich culture and history. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：北京是一个受游客欢迎的旅游目的地，其中许多游客从世界各地赶来体验其丰富的文化和历史。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为tourists，指人，且关系词位于介词of之后，需用关系代词whom引导定语从句，构成“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。故填whom。 8．Participants, most of are middle school students, will meet on campus. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：参与者们，其中大多数是中学生，将在校园里集合。设空处和介词of引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Participants，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，指人，应用whom，故填whom。 9．I worked at a panda conservation center in China, saw a significant increase in panda population numbers. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我在中国的一个熊猫保护中心工作，那里的熊猫数量显著增加。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词 a panda conservation center，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 10．She called her doctor, recommended her to get checked out to see if she had a stomach problem. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她打电话给医生，医生建议她去检查一下是否有胃病。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词doctor，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导，故填who。 11．I climbed up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我和我的朋友爬上了山顶，在那里我们欣赏了美丽的湖景。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the top of the hill，指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 12．More and more people in the world, we see, have come to realize the significance of pollution control. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如我们所看到的，世界上越来越多的人已经意识到污染控制的重要性。空处引导非限制性定语从句，代指整个句子的内容，关系词在从句中作宾语，表示“正如”，应用关系代词as引导从句。故填as。 13．Mr. Zhu, daughter was admitted to Tsinghua University last year, retired yesterday. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：朱的女儿去年被清华大学录取，他昨天退休了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mr. Zhu，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 14．Mr. Zhang, came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天来看我的张先生是我父亲的老朋友。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mr. Zhang，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 15．Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, has two common meanings... 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：气候科学家经常提到一个叫做“温室效应”的关键气候过程，它有两种常见的含义……。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the “greenhouse effect”(指物)在从句中作主语成分，所以为关系代词which引导。故填which。 16．My father, is a hardworking man, supports our family. ( 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的父亲，是一个勤劳的人，养活我们的家庭。“is a hardworking man”是对My father的补充说明，属于非限制性定语从句，先行词My father指人，在从句中作主语，要用关系代词who引导。故填who。 17．He often recalls his childhood, he lived with his grandparents in the countryside. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他经常回忆起他的童年，那时他和爷爷奶奶住在乡下。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词his childhood，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。 18．The place, we had a great time last summer, is a seaside town. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那个地方是一个海滨小镇，去年夏天我们在那里度过了愉快的时光。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词The place，在从句作地点状语，用关系副词where，故填where。 19．The picture, colors are so vivid, caught my attention immediately. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这幅画色彩鲜艳，立刻引起了我的注意。分析句式结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是The picture，从句中colors和先行词The picture存在所属关系，要用表示所属关系的关系代词whose来引导非限制性定语从句。故填whose。 20．The person, I borrowed the book from, is my classmate. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我借书的那个人是我的同学。先行词 The person 指人，在从句 “______ I borrowed the book from” 中作宾语（borrowed the book from the person），所以要用 whom 引导非限制性定语从句。故填whom。 21．（Stand-up comedy is a live performance, the performer tells jokes and shares humorous stories to entertain the audience. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：单口喜剧是一种现场表演，表演者通过讲笑话和分享幽默故事来娱乐观众。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，先行词performance是抽象地点，因此空格处用关系副词where，故填where。 22．We moved on to the north tip of the area, it was blowing hard and snowing. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们继续前进到该地区的北端，那里风很大并且在下雪。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the north tip of the area，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填：where。 23．Recent accidents, fifty people lost their lives, are mainly due to the heavy fog. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近的事故中有50人丧生，主要是由于大雾造成的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词accidents作补充说明，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 24．I took my friend to the Summer Palace, we had some photos taken. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我带我的朋友去颐和园，在那里我们拍了一些照片。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the Summer Palace进行补充说明，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。 25．Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, thousands were attending a water conference. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水务会议。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chicago，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 26．My life as a tax­paying employed person began in middle school, , for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的纳税职业生涯是从中学开始的，当时我在一家烘焙厂工作了整整三天。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为middle school（指时间），应用关系副词when引导从句，作时间状语。故填when。 27．He hid himself behind the door，from he saw the man take something on the desk. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他躲在门后，从那里他看到那个人拿了桌上的东西。此处 the door作先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，放在介词from后面，定语从句由where引导。故填where。 28．The party, theme was “Fantasy World”, was really unforgettable. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这次聚会的主题是“幻想世界”，真是令人难忘。先行词是“The party”，从句“______ theme was ‘Fantasy World’”中，theme和The party存在所属关系，即派对的主题，此非限制性定语从句用表示所属关系的关系词whose引导，在从句中作定语。故填whose。 29．The museum, exhibits many precious artifacts, attracts numerous visitors. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个博物馆展出了许多珍贵的文物，吸引了许多游客。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词 The museum，指物，在从句 “______ exhibits many precious artifacts” 中作主语，所以用 关系代词which 引导。故填which。 30．（My mother, cooks delicious meals every day, takes good care of our family. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的母亲，每天做美味饭菜，照顾好我们的家庭。先行词My mother 指人，在从句 “______ cooks delicious meals every day” 中作主语，所以用 who 引导非限制性定语从句。故填who。 真题感知 一、单项选择 1．（24-25高一下·广东江门·期末）She has two daughters, ______ are nurses. A．all of them B．both of them C．both of whom D．all of whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查短语和定语从句。句意：她有两个女儿，她们都是护士。此处根据上文two daughters可知表示两者都，用both of；且非限制性定语从句修饰先行词daughters，作介词of的宾语，指人，故用whom，故选C。 2．（24-25高一下·河北邢台·期末）He won the match, ________surprised all of us. A．that B．what C．which D．for which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他赢了比赛，这让我们所有人都感到惊讶。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．（24-25高一下江苏·南通·期末）Many young people, most _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A．of which B．of them C．of whom D．of those 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好教育，前往偏远地区追逐梦想。本题中含有一个定语从句，先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。故C项正确。 【点睛】在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示＂部分与整体＂的关系时，用…of which / whom表示，这时不能用whose来代替of which。表示所属关系时，of which/whom可以与whose互换。 4．（2009·安徽·高考真题）Many children, ________ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. A．their B．whose C．of them D．with whom 【答案】B 【详解】 考查定语从句。句意：许多父母远在大城市工作的孩子们在村子里被照顾得很好。分析句子结构可知，空后句子parents are away working in big cities是非限制性定语从句，先行词是children，在定语从句中作parents的定语，故用whose引导定语从句并在从句中作定语。故选B项。 5．（24-25高一下·江西吉安·期末）I saw a boy in the supermarket yesterday, ________ reminded me of my good friend. A．that B．which C．where D．who 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天我在超市看到一个男孩，他使我想起了我的好朋友。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a boy，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故选D。 二、完成句子 1.（24-25高一下·广东广州·期中）他在父母的启发下发明了水质检测器，使得当地居民大大受益。（分词作状语，非限制性定语从句） , he invented the water quality detector, the locals. 【答案】 Inspired by his parents benefited 【详解】考查非谓语和定语从句。“在父母的启发下”使用过去分词短语作状语为“Inspired by his parents”；“使得当地居民大大受益”处理成非限制性定语从句，前面的整个句子作主语，关系代词为which，“使某人受益”为benefit sb；陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时。故填Inspired by his parents；benefited。 2.（23-24高一下·广东广州·期末）正是他们的充分准备才让这场表演大获成功，让观众们印象深刻。（强调句，非限制性定语从句） It made the performance such a big success, all the audience. 【答案】 was their thorough preparation that which left a deep impression on the audience 【详解】考查名词、动词、短语、强调句以及定语从句。表示“充分的准备”的英语是名词短语thorough preparation，用作句子的主语，根据句意以及题目要求“使用强调句”It + be +强调成分＋that/ who+其他成分，此处强调主语“他们的充分准备” their thorough preparation；本句陈述过去事实，应使用一般过去时，因此第一空格处缺少的是was their thorough preparation that；“让观众们印象深刻”使用非限制性定语从句来写，应使用关系代词which代指前面整件事，“给观众留下深刻印象”使用动词短语leave a deep impression on the audience。根据made可知，从句用一般过去时，因此，第二空格处可以写成which left a deep impression on the audience。故填was their thorough preparation that；which left a deep impression on the audience。 3.（23-24高一下·全国·期中）正如中国谚语所说的，“仁者长寿”。(as引导的非限制性定语从句) , “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.” 【答案】As the Chinese saying goes 【详解】考查定语从句、名词和动词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“正如中国谚语所说的”，可用意为“正如”的关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，对整个主句进行补充说明，从句描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，其中主语“中国谚语”可用名词短语the Chinese saying，为单数，谓语“说”可用动词go的第三人称单数形式goes。故填As the Chinese saying goes。 4.（24-25高一下·广东江门·期末）Some people always talk loudly in public, (这真的很烦人). (用定语从句) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】which is really annoying/which is really disturbing/which is really irritating/which is indeed annoying/which is indeed disturbing/which is indeed irritating 【详解】考查副词、形容词和定语从句。句意：有些人总是在公共场合大声说话，这真的很烦人。根据中文提示可知，表示“真的”可用really或indeed，为副词作状语；表示“烦人的”应用annoying或disturbing或irritating，为形容词作表语，且这里为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子，所以应用关系代词which引导，be动词时态与前面一致用一般现在时，主语which指代前面句子，be动词用is。故填which is really/indeed annoying/disturbing/irritating。 5．（24-25高一下·广东广州·期末）我非常感激M. Smith，没有他的帮忙我就不可能取得这么大的进步。 I am very grateful to Mr. Smith, I couldn’t have made so much progress. 【答案】 without whose help 【详解】考查定语从句。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“没有他的帮忙”，“没有”是without，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是Mr. Smith，“帮忙”是help，Mr. Smith和help之间是所属关系，由此用whose表所属，由此空格处是without whose help，故填without，whose，help。 三、完形填空 （24-25高一下·广东东莞·期末）In Xiamen’s subway stations, three self-service shops named “Lucky Star” are changing lives. 1 by Luo Liying, these shops sell donated books and toys while helping young adults with autism (孤独症) learn job skills. Luo has been working with autistic children for 24 years. As the children grew older, she was 2 to help them find a job. After failed 3 like a short-lived restaurant, she started a project about self-service shops, which eventually proved successful. Each day, these young adults clean shelves, 4 goods and help customers. Though it is 5 at first, the young adults now manage daily operations smoothly, and the 6 even covers its costs. “We keep solving problems,” Luo said, 7 a notebook filled with solutions during an interview. Support from different walks of life made the project 8 . The Xiamen Disabled Persons’ Federation lowered rent costs, while locals 9 donated books, shoes, and even 70 pairs of new footwear. Luo often 10 donations herself, meeting kind strangers who support her work. “Their kindness keeps me going,” she smiled. The young adults with autism 11 the shops a lot in many ways. A boy who seldom spoke now 12 shares stories about the books. One mother also wrote to Luo, “My child has learned many useful skills and made great 13 with your support and care. This little shop is a place where he is realizing his worth.” The shops are more than stores — they’re bridges to 14 . What’s more, it proves that with love and patience, everyone can 15 . 1．A．Recognised B．Established C．Investigated D．Advertised 2．A．embarrassed B．surprised C．anxious D．curious 3．A．chances B．tasks C．attempts D．exams 4．A．buy B．arrange C．design D．produce 5．A．challenging B．interesting C．boring D．amazing 6．A．restaurant B．project C．community D．mission 7．A．observing B．throwing C．ignoring D．showing 8．A．possible B．necessary C．legal D．normal 9．A．skillfully B．bravely C．wisely D．generously 10．A．limited B．compared C．collected D．spent 11．A．depend on B．benefit from C．reflect on D．adapt to 12．A．slowly B．softly C．immediately D．confidently 13．A．contribution B．effort C．progress D．profit 14．A．independence B．fame C．adventure D．friendship 15．A．shine B．relax C．win D．survive 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了罗丽英在厦门地铁站开设三家自助商店，帮助自闭症青年学习工作技能并融入社会。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些由罗丽英创办的商店出售捐赠的书籍和玩具，同时帮助患有自闭症的年轻人学习工作技能。A. Recognised认出；B. Established建立；C. Investigated调查；D. Advertised做广告。根据后文“by Luo Liying, these shops sell donated books and toys”可知，这些商店是罗丽英创办的，故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着孩子们长大，她迫切希望帮助他们找到一份工作。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. anxious焦虑的，渴望的；D. curious好奇的。根据前文“Luo has been working with autistic children for 24 years.”和后文“to help them find a job”可知，罗丽英渴望帮助孩子们找到工作，故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在尝试开一家短命的餐馆失败后，她开始了一个自助商店的项目，最终证明是成功的。A. chances机会；B. tasks任务；C. attempts尝试；D. exams考试。根据后文“she started a project about self-service shops, which eventually proved successful”可知，开餐馆是罗丽英的尝试，故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天，这些年轻人都会清理货架，整理商品，帮助顾客。A. buy购买；B. arrange整理；C. design设计；D. produce生产。根据前文“these young adults clean shelves”和后文“goods and help customers”可知，年轻人会整理商品，故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然一开始很有挑战性，但现在这些年轻人已经能够顺利地管理日常运营，而且这个项目甚至还能覆盖成本。A. challenging有挑战性的；B. interesting有趣的；C. boring无聊的；D. amazing令人惊异的。根据前文“Though it is”和后文“the young adults now manage daily operations smoothly”可知，现在这些年轻人已经能够顺利地管理日常运营，但一开始工作对年轻人来说是有挑战性的，故选A。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. restaurant餐厅；B. project项目；C. community社区；D. mission任务。根据上文“she started a project about self-service shops”可知，此处指自助商店这个项目，故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们一直在解决问题，”罗在采访中一边说，一边展示一个写满解决方案的笔记本。A. observing观察；B. throwing扔；C. ignoring忽视；D. showing展示。根据后文“a notebook filled with solutions during an interview”可知，罗丽英在接受采访时展示了一本写满解决方案的笔记本，故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：来自社会各界的支持使这个项目成为可能。A. possible可能的；B. necessary必要的；C. legal合法的；D. normal正常的。根据上文“Support from different walks of life made the project”可知，来自社会各界的支持使这个项目成为可能，故选A。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：厦门市残疾人联合会降低了租金成本，而当地居民则慷慨地捐赠了书籍、鞋子，甚至70双新鞋。A. skillfully熟练地；B. bravely勇敢地；C. wisely明智地；D. generously慷慨地。根据后文“donated books, shoes, and even 70 pairs of new footwear”可知，当地居民慷慨地捐赠了物品，故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗自己也经常收集捐款，遇到支持她工作的善良陌生人。A. limited限制；B. compared比较；C. collected收集；D. spent花费。根据后文“meeting kind strangers who support her work”可知，罗丽英自己也经常收集捐款，故选C。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：患有自闭症的年轻人在很多方面都从这些商店中受益匪浅。A. depend on依靠；B. benefit from得益于；C. reflect on反思；D. adapt to适应。根据后文“A boy who seldom spoke now 12 shares stories about the books”、“My child has learned many useful skills”可知，患有自闭症的年轻人在很多方面都从这些商店中受益匪浅，故选B。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一个很少说话的男孩现在自信地分享关于书的故事。A. slowly缓慢地；B. softly轻柔地；C. immediately立即；D. confidently自信地。根据上文“A boy who seldom spoke now”和下文“shares stories about the books”可知，以前很少说话的男孩现在自信地分享故事，故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位母亲还写信给罗：“在你的支持和关心下，我的孩子学到了很多有用的技能，取得了很大的进步。A. contribution贡献；B. effort努力；C. progress进步；D. profit利润。根据上文“My child has learned many useful skills and made great”可知，孩子取得了很大的进步，故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些商店不仅仅是商店——它们是通往独立的桥梁。A. independence独立；B. fame名声；C. adventure冒险；D. friendship友谊。根据上文“the young adults now manage daily operations smoothly”可知，孤独症患者在商店学习工作技能，学会管理运营，这有助于他们走向独立，这些商店是通往独立的桥梁，故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，它证明了只要有爱和耐心，每个人都能发光。A. shine发光；B. relax放松；C. win赢得；D. survive幸存。根据上文“it proves that with love and patience, everyone can”可知，只要有爱和耐心，每个人都能发光发热，实现自我价值，故选A。 四、语法填空 （24-25高一下·河南南阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 So far, China Eastern Airlines 1 (receive) approval(批准)from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to offer in- flight Wi-Fi service on 21 airplanes. The carrier becomes China's first airline company 2 （provide) Wi-Fi service for both domestic and international flights. Passengers 3 (leave) for New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Toronto, Beijing and Guangzhou will have access 4 me Wi-Fi service through a telecommunication satellite. The flights will begin to provide the service in one month after operational 5 （prepare). The Wi-Fi service will be free in the 21 airplanes at the beginning, 6 a charge list is now under discussion. The company plans to put in Wi-Fi service 7 (equip) in all airplanes by 2019-2020. Other carriers in China, such as Air China and Hainan Airlines also have been following this attempt in some of their flights during the past few years. Industry experts note that 8 approval for the Wi-Fi service on 21 airplanes.is a trial for commercial in-flight Internet service operations in China. Aviation(航空)business staff say that China has the potential to become the world's 9 (large) aviation market, 10 is likely to create tens of billions of yuan in profit in the aviation Internet business. 【答案】 1．has received 2．to provide 3．leaving 4．to 5．preparations 6．but 7．equipment 8．the 9．largest 10．which 【分析】这是一篇说明文。中国东方航空公司（China Eastern Airlines）获工信部批准在21架航班上提供舱内Wi-Fi服务，成为全国首家同时向国内、国际航班旅客提供“空中上网”服务的航空公司。 1．考查谓语时态。句意：中国东方航空公司已经获工信部批准，同意其在21架飞机上提供‘空中上网’服务。根据空前so far可知空处填现在完成时，故填has received。 2．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子中包含“the first +名词+ to do sth.”是固定句式句式。故填to provide。 3．考查非谓语动词。 本句句子的主要成分完整，passengers是主语，will have 是谓语，access是宾语。根据句子结构可知，这里应填现在分词leaving作定语修饰主语passengers。故填leaving。 4．考查介词。句意：前往纽约、洛杉矶、旧金山、多伦多、北京和广州的乘客可以通过一颗通讯卫星使用me Wi-Fi服务。根据句意可知， have access to sth.是固定搭配，表示“有机会或权利利用某物”，故填to。 5．考查名词。根据空白处前面的形容词operational可以知道，该空白处应填名词，prepare的名词形式是preparation，且常使用其复数形式。故填preparations。 6．考查并列连词。句意：这21架飞机的Wi-Fi服务一开始是免费的，但目前正在讨论收费清单。根据句意可知，此处表示转折关系，故填but。 7．考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空白处应填名词，equip的名词形式是equipment，且equipment是不可数名词。故填equipment。 8．考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，再根据上下文，这里的approval是特指，故前面应使用定冠词。故填the。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国有能力成为世界上最大的航空市场。根据句意可知，空白处应填形容词large的最高级形式。故填largest。 10．考查定语从句关系代词。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子的market。故应用关系代词which。 综合提升练 一、单项选择 1．The dictionary is the only place ________ success comes before work. A．that B．where C．which D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：只有在字典里，成功才会出现在努力之前。空处引导定语从句，先行词place，在从句作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故选B。 2．Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A．in which B．Where C．that D．the one 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。这就是你那天参观的工厂吗？本句中the factory 是定语从句的先行词，在定语从句中作visited的宾语，指物的可以用that或which，根据选项只有C符合。故选C。 3．It’s the same in China --- many people, ________ some are not overweight at all, are always going on diets or taking weight-loss pills, ________ are often dangerous. A．whose; which B．of which; who C．of whom; which D．who; that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。本句中先行词many people为下文some are not overweight at all的逻辑主语，做介词of的宾语，故引导词使用宾格形式whom。下文先行词为diets 和weight-loss pills,指物，在非限定性定语从句中只能使用which，选C。 4．Einstein was one of the greatest scientists changed the way we think. A．which B．who C．whose D．what 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：爱因斯坦是改变了我们思维方式的最伟大的科学家之一。A. which引导定语从句时先行词指物；B. who引导定语从句时先行词指人；C. whose引导定语从句时先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语；D. what不能引导定语从句。分析句子结构，空处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词the greatest scientists，指人，且在从句中作主语，所以应用who引导。故选B。 5．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ________ the audience can buy ice­cream. A．when B．where C．that D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在音乐会两部分之间有幕间休息，那个时候观众可以买冰激凌。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval，在定语从句中作时间状语，应使用关系副词when引导。故选A项。 二、完形填空 In my 40s, as a new solo traveller, I spent endless time looking around souvenir shops in tourist areas. It never 1 me that in shops where merchants weren’t paying big rents, I could save money. Besides, I didn’t give much 2 for the size of what I was buying, nor did I care that I would have to take the trouble to carry it around. I learned and 3 . I also found that over time, the objects that were 4 to me changed too. As my tastes matured, my bags got 5 , and so did the time I spent buying cheap goods. In my 50s I collected boxes from around the world. Not ordinary boxes but ones 6 made by artists. These were small so that they 7 easily into every place of my backpack. The 8 was delightful — the silver from South Korea, the painted camel bone from Egypt and dozens more taking up their 9 in my house. Then a funny thing happened. My interest in the collection 10 while my grandchildren’s interest in it grew, so a wonderful and new 11 began. Each time a child came to visit, he or she was 12 to pick a box. My popularity 13 increased among the children, and pretty soon my collection had been 14 among the little people in our family. Each gift was 15 by a mini travel story explaining where the box was found, who had made it and what that country was like. 1．A．counted on B．dawned on C．called on D．concentrated on 2．A．reputation B．rejection C．concern D．enthusiasm 3．A．adjusted B．desired C．judged D．checked 4．A．accessible B．appealing C．reliable D．disappointing 5．A．smaller B．bigger C．heavier D．smoother 6．A．delicately B．intentionally C．carelessly D．ambitiously 7．A．fell B．fitted C．dug D．set 8．A．value B．pattern C．variety D．fashion 9．A．time B．path C．direction D．position 10．A．rose B．faded C．changed D．remained 11．A．hobby B．signal C．routine D．principle 12．A．forbidden B．allowed C．tolerated D．enhanced 13．A．normally B．casually C．unfortunately D．delightfully 14．A．exposed B．awarded C．divided D．abandoned 15．A．indicated B．described C．confirmed D．accompanied 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者随着年龄增长改变旅行时的消费习惯，从热衷购买纪念品到收藏精美手工艺品，最终将藏品作为传递旅行故事的珍贵礼物分享给孙辈的经历。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我从来没有意识到，避开租金昂贵的商铺，我可以省钱。A. counted on依靠；B. dawned on开始明白；C. called on拜访；D. concentrated on专注于。根据上文“In my 40s, as a new solo traveller, I spent endless time looking around souvenir shops in tourist areas.”可知，四十多岁时，作者初尝独自旅行，总爱在景区纪念品店里流连忘返，因此是没有意识到在景区昂贵的商铺买东西会很费钱，避开的话可以省钱。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，我也不太关心我买的东西的体积，也不嫌拖着它们四处奔走麻烦。A. reputation声誉；B. rejection拒绝；C. concern关心；D. enthusiasm热情。根据下文“nor did I care that I would have to take the trouble to carry it around”可知，作者不嫌拖着它们四处奔走麻烦，且此处用not… nor…的并列结构表示“既不……也不……”，与之呼应的应该是也不太关心自己买的东西的体积。故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我领会了，并做了调整。A. adjusted调整；B. desired渴望；C. judged判断；D. checked检查。根据上文“I learned”可知，作者意识到自己购买纪念商品的方式存在问题，因此会做出调整。故选A。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还发现，随着时间的推移，吸引我的东西也发生了变化。A. accessible可接触的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. reliable可靠的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据下文“As my tastes matured”可知，作者的品味成熟了，与之呼应的是吸引作者的东西发生了变化。故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着我品味的成熟，我的包变小了，我花在买便宜货上的时间也减少了。A. smaller更小的；B. bigger更大的；C. heavier更重的；D. smoother更平滑的。根据上文“As my tastes matured”可知，随着品味成熟，作者会不再购买大量的纪念品，因此包会变小。故选A。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不是普通的盒子，而是艺术家精心制作的盒子。A. delicately精细地；B. intentionally故意地；C. carelessly粗心地；D. ambitiously雄心勃勃地。根据上文“Not ordinary boxes”可知，这些盒子不普通，可推知是艺术家精心制作的盒子。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们很小，所以很容易装进我背包的每个角落。A. fell掉落；B. fitted装进；C. dug挖掘；D. set设置。根据上文“These were small”可知，这些盒子很小，因此会很容易装进作者背包的每个角落。故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多样性令人欣喜：韩国的银盒、埃及的彩绘骆驼骨盒，还有几十个在我的房子里占据了它们的位置。A. value价值；B. pattern模式；C. variety多样性；D. fashion时尚。根据下文“the silver from South Korea, the painted camel bone from Egypt and dozens”可知，此处列举的是各式各样的盒子，因此是指多样性令人欣喜。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多样性令人欣喜：韩国的银盒、埃及的彩绘骆驼骨盒，还有几十个在我的房子里占据了它们的位置。A. time时间；B. path路径；C. direction方向；D. position位置。根据下文“in my house”可知，这些盒子是被收藏在作者的家里，即占据了位置。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对收藏的兴趣消退了，而我的孙辈们对收藏的兴趣却增加了，于是我们开启了一项美妙的新惯例。A. rose上升；B. faded消退；C. changed改变；D. remained保持。根据下文“while my grandchildren’s interest in it grew”可知，前后形成对比，作者的孙辈们对收藏的兴趣增加了，而作者的兴 趣消退了。故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对收藏的兴趣消退了，而我的孙辈们对收藏的兴趣却增加了，于是我们开启了一项美妙的新惯例。A. hobby爱好；B. signal信号；C. routine惯例；D. principle原则。根据下文“Each time a child came to visit, he or she was ____12____ to pick a box.”可知，孩子来拜访时可以挑盒子是作者家的一项新惯例。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次一个孩子来拜访，他或她都被允许挑选一个盒子。A. forbidden禁止；B. allowed允许；C. tolerated容忍；D. enhanced增强。根据下文“My popularity ____13____ increased among the children”可知，作者的人气在孩子们中间增加了，孩子们很喜欢作者，因此他们是被允许挑选一个盒子。故选B。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的人气在孩子们中间愉快地增加了，很快我的收藏就分给了家里的小家伙们。A. normally正常地；B. casually随意地；C. unfortunately不幸地；D. delightfully愉快地。根据下文“increased among the children”可知，作者的人气在孩子们中间增加了，这对作者而言是件愉快的事。故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的人气在孩子们中间愉快地增加了，很快我的收藏就分给了家里的小家伙们。A. exposed暴露；B. awarded授予；C. divided分配；D. abandoned遗弃。根据上文“Each time a child came to visit, he or she was ____12____ to pick a box.”可知，孩子来拜访时可以挑盒子，因此是指收藏分给了家里的小家伙们。故选C。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每件礼物都附有一个迷你旅行故事，解释盒子是在哪里找到的，是谁做的，那个国家是什么样子。A. indicated表明；B. described描述；C. confirmed确认；D. accompanied附带、伴有。根据下文“by a mini travel story explaining where the box was found, who had made it and what that country was like”可知，作者在把盒子作为礼物送给孙辈们的同时，会附赠一个迷你旅行故事，即讲故事给他们听，解释盒子的来历。故选D。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In recent years, the combination of Western and Chinese cultures has become a fascinating phenomenon. Take food as an example: many restaurants now serve dishes like “Peking duck tacos”, 1 combines crispy duck with Mexican tortillas. Such creations show how cooking styles 2 (mix) to create something new. Festival celebrations also reflect this mix. During Christmas, some Chinese families hang red lanterns alongside Christmas trees, while 3 Spring Festival marches in Western cities often include lion dances. Young people even send electronic red envelopes via apps, 4 (keep) the tradition alive 5 a modern way. Art is another field where cultures meet. Chinese ink wash painting has inspired Western artists, 6 some pop songs use traditional instruments like the guzheng. Fashion designers often mix eastern patterns with western ones, creating 7 (beauty) clothing that appeals to global audiences. As the world grows more 8 (connect), the mixing of cultures is not just a trend but a necessity. It allows us to appreciate other customs while keeping our own 9 (tradition). In this way, cultural integration becomes a bridge 10 (build) understanding between nations. 【答案】 1．which 2．are mixed 3．the 4．keeping 5．in 6．and/while 7．beautiful 8．connected 9．traditions 10．to build 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了近年来中西方文化融合成为一种引人注目的现象，并从美食、节日庆祝、艺术等多个领域举例说明这种文化交融的具体表现，最后指出文化融合是趋势也是必然，能成为国与国之间搭建理解的桥梁。 1．考查定语从句。句意：以食物为例：许多餐馆现在提供像“北京烤鸭玉米饼”这样的菜肴，它将酥脆的烤鸭与墨西哥玉米饼结合在一起。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Peking duck tacos”，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这样的创作展示了烹饪风格是如何混合在一起创造出新东西的。how引导的宾语从句中缺少谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语cooking styles和动词mix之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are mixed。 3．考查冠词。句意：在圣诞节期间，一些中国家庭会在圣诞树旁挂上红灯笼，而在西方城市的春节游行中，常常会有舞狮表演。根据“Spring Festival”可知，此处特指中国的春节，应用定冠词the。故填the。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：年轻人甚至通过应用程序发送电子红包，以现代的方式让传统得以延续。空处是非谓语动词，逻辑主语Young people和keep之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填keeping。 5．考查介词。句意：同上。根据空后的“a modern way”可知，此处指“以一种现代的方式”，应用介词in，in a...way为固定短语，含义为“以一种……的方式”。故填in。 6．考查连词。句意：中国水墨画启发了西方艺术家，一些流行歌曲使用了古筝等传统乐器。根据“Chinese ink wash painting has inspired Western artists(中国水墨画启发了西方艺术家)”以及“some pop songs use traditional instruments like the guzheng.(一些流行歌曲使用了古筝等传统乐器)”可知，前后句之间是并列或对比关系，应用连词and或while连接。故填and/while。 7．考查形容词。句意：时装设计师经常将东方图案与西方图案融合在一起，创造出吸引全球观众的美丽服装。空处应用形容词beautiful“美丽的”，作定语，修饰名词clothing。故填beautiful。 8．考查形容词。句意：随着世界变得越来越紧密相连，文化的融合不仅是一种趋势，也是一种必然。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词connected“相连的，有联系的”，作表语。故填connected。 9．考查名词。句意：它让我们在欣赏其他习俗的同时，保持我们自己的传统。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，tradition“传统”是可数名词，此处为泛指，应用复数形式，故填traditions。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过这种方式，文化融合成为在国家之间建立理解的桥梁。空处是非谓语动词，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词bridge，表示一个指向将来的不确定的动作。故填to build。 四、书信写作 假定你是李华，你的外籍朋友Ryan一直对中国文化很感兴趣。请你给他写信推荐本学期你校将要开设的“话说中国节（Festive China）”线上课程。内容包括： 1.课程开设时间； 2.课程内容； 3.课程意义。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Ryan, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Ryan, An online course entitled “Festive China” will be set up by our school. Knowing you are an enthusiast of Chinese culture, I’m writing to recommend it to you. The course is arranged on every Friday evening from September 1, consisting of 12 two-hour sessions, each of which introduces different Chinese festivals. You may learn origins, backgrounds and customs of them. The course can definitely help explore the charm of Chinese culture and you’ll have a better understanding of our traditional festivals. If you desire to participate in it, you can visit our school website and enroll yourself before next Friday. I’m sure the course appeals to you. Don’t miss the chance! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份，向对中国文化感兴趣的外籍朋友Ryan推荐学校开设的“话说中国节”线上课程，内容需包括课程时间、内容和意义。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 由……构成：consist of → be made up of 参加：participate in → take part in 机会：chance → opportunity 报名：enroll → sign up 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：An online course entitled “Festive China” will be set up by our school. 拓展句：An online course that/which is entitled “Festive China” will be set up by our school. 【点睛】（必须是答案原句） 【高分句型1】Knowing you are an enthusiast of Chinese culture, I’m writing to recommend it to you.（运用了现在分词短语作状语和省略that的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】The course is arranged on every Friday evening from September 1, consisting of 12 two-hour sessions, each of which introduces different Chinese festivals.（运用了现在分词短语作状语和“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句） 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $