寒假作业04 定语从句（限制性定语从句）（巩固培优）高一英语人教版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业04 定语从句（限制性定语从句） 定语从句：在主从复合句中，修饰限定某一名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。 先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常为名词（如人、物、地点、时间等），也可以是整个主句的内容。 关系词：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语，同时替代先行词。根据其用法分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语 关系副词：when, where, why 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why 原因名词 原因状语 分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整，无逗号。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。 This is the school where I studied ten years ago.（无逗号，限制性定语从句） He bought a house, whose roof was painted red.（有逗号，非限制性定语从句） 作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 特殊限制 只用 that 的情况 (1)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, few, none等不定代词时。 (2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 (3)先行词被all, only, very, no 等限定词修饰时。 (4)先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时。 (5)主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句为了避免重复时。 (6)当先行词是the way在句中作方式状语时，后面用that或者in which或者省略that。 (7)【警告】注意关系代词that作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。 (8)【警告】注意that不能用于非限制性定语从句，前边有逗号为标志。 只用 which 的情况： (1)引导限定性定语从句（不用逗号分隔）,先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。 (2)引导非限定性定语从句（用逗号和主句分隔），先行词可以是一个名词，也可以指代前面整个主句的内容。 (3)用于“介词 + which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。 (4)【警告】空格前出现逗号，未必后边就用关系代词which, 也可能用关系代词whom（先行词指人）或where（定语从句不缺少主语或宾语）。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择（每题1份，共15分） 1．Anyone who is a server or ____ has been one knows that customers always come first. A．whom B．what C．who D．which 2．—Class, you should be thankful to those people _______ helped and supported you. —We will. Miss Chen. A．which B．whom C．who D．whose 3．She has a teenager granddaughter about my age ________ is really kind. A．who B．which C．where D．/ 4．—What are you looking for? —I' m looking for the dictionary ______ you lent me last week. A．who B．what C．that D．when 5．— What do you think of the show Readers on CCTV? — It’s a great TV show _______ expresses our true feelings by reading aloud in public. A．whom B．who C．whose D．that 6．—What kind of teachers do you like, John? —I like the teachers _____are friendly to us. A．which B．whose C．who 7．—In the program The Singer in 2018, I like Hua Chenyu most. —Yes. He is the singer _______ won the first prize of Happy Boy’s Voice in 2013. A．what B．which C．who 8．—Only You is a TV program _______is popular with most young people. —Yes, it is definitely true. A．that B．whose C．what D．who 9．Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist _______________is leading a research to develop "sea rice". A．Who B．whom C．which D．whose 10．Danny met a famous astronaut ________ was the first Canadian astronaut in space. A．which B．What C．whose D．who 11．—I hear that Lucy’s uncle is a worker here. —Yes. Look, the man ________ is working over there is her uncle. A．whom B．who C．what D．which 12．—Have you watched the TV play “In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？ —It’s the most popular play ______ our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败). A．where show B．which show C．that shows D．who shows 13．My grandparents like stories ________ have happy endings. A．they B．who C．which D．/ 14．—Is this the new dictionary ___ you got yesterday? —Yes. Now it's very convenient for me to look up words. A．that B．why C．what 15．That’s the boy _______won the first prize in the competition yesterday. A．who B．which C．whom 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共10分） 1．The champion talked a lot about things and people _______helped him become a successful athlete. （用适当的词填空） 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词既有人people又有物things时，定语从句只能用that引导，故填that。 2．Do you still remember the chicken farm _______we visited three months ago? (用适当的词填空) 3．She was grateful for everything _______ the medical and nursing team had done for her. (用适当的词填空) 4．It offers a place _______ you can sit down to rest your aching legs. （用适当的词填空） 5．But like all performances, there are moments _______ things go wrong. (用适当的词填空) 6．The doctor explained the reason _______ sleeping with pets all night may not be good for your health. （用适当的词填空） 7．The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall _______ has survived China’s long history. （用适当的词填空） 8．This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those _______ did the work. （用适当的词填空） 9．This is the building _______ windows were all painted green. （用适当的词填空） 10．Do you know the man _______ the little girl is turning to for help? （用适当的词填空） 一、阅读理解 A Winter break is a pretty solid time for high school students to prepare for upcoming college applications, especially if you’re in your senior year. If you’re looking for programs that run during the winter, this list is for you! UC San Diego’s Academic (学业的) Connections Research Scholars-Bioengineering Track Application Deadline: Rolling admissions Program Dates: Jan 14-Mar 4,2025 Location: UC San Diego, CA Fee: $2,500 This program offers high school students a chance to study bioengineering in three parts: an introductory level, research level, and internship (实习期) level. During the internship, students work on a project from planning to lab work and presentation, earning 3 college credits at the end. EnergyMag Research Internship Application Deadline: Rolling Program Dates: Open all year round Location: Online Fee: Free EnergyMag offers students a chance to research renewable energy. With mentor guidance, students study a company or technology, gather data, and produce a report. A winter internship is also available(1-9 months, 8 hours per week). UMBC’s Pre-College Program Application Deadline: Dec 20,2024 Program Dates: Jan 2-Jan 26,2025 Location: UMBC, MD Fee: $439-$6,426 High school students can earn college credits by taking courses in biology, economics, history, languages, and more. The program offers in-person, online, and hybrid options. Students need school permission and strong academic performance. Girls Garage’s Construction Program Application Deadline: Rolling dates Program Dates: 3 weeks during fall, winter and spring Location: Girls Garage, CA Fee: Free This program teaches construction skills, including carpentry, welding, and design, through real-world community projects. It promotes teamwork and encourages students to think about fairness and inclusion. 1．What is the focus of the UC San Diego’s Bioengineering Track? A．To prepare students for college applications. B．To provide college credits in a variety of subjects. C．To teach bioengineering through hands-on projects. D．To offer free research internships in bioengineering. 2．Which program has a requirement for students’ academic standing? A．UMBC’s Pre-College Program. B．EnergyMag Research Internship. C．Girls Garage’s Construction Program. D．UC San Diego’s Bioengineering Track. 3．What do EnergyMag Research Internship and Girls Garage’s Construction Program have in common? A．Both need a participation fee. B．Both educate students about life skills. C．Both are specifically designed for girls. D．Both accept applications on a rolling basis. B In the summer of 2018, like any typical high school student, I was spending my summer afternoons watching tons and tons of cinema and TV. There was one TV show that drew my attention and I still remember its name — Love’ Me, If You Dare. The story was so interesting, and the sounds of the Chinese language so interesting, that I followed up that Chinese show with more Chinese show. However, what I didn’t realize was that I had unknowingly learned some basic pronunciation and many words of Chinese. In 2020, I made a resolution to learn Chinese seriously. I simply did what most others do — googled how to learn Chinese, and started watching videos that teach Chinese through vocabulary exercises and grammar rules. But in a matter of weeks, I became frustrated. I wasn’t learning anything. It was during this time of frustration that I came across Dr. Stephen Krashen’s theory (理论) on second language acquisition — the process of immersion (沉浸式学习), and specifically Comprehensible Input. Comprehensible Input totally changed my way of learning Chinese. I gave up the useless videos and traditional methods of study, and instead focused on understandable Chinese content. I also used graded readers and children’s short stories as part of my daily Chinese “studies.” Besides, I made a rule to spend time immersing myself in the language for at least 1-2 hours every day. Recently, I was excited to see how far my Chinese language journey had taken me! Despite still having a long way to go towards fluency, I take pride in my daily progress. For me, learning a language is an ongoing adventure, filled with small victories and continuous growth. 1．What is the writer’s purpose in sharing his experience in paragraph 1? A．To introduce easy ways to pick up Chinese. B．To explain which part of Chinese he preferred. C．To stress his years of efforts in learning Chinese. D．To show how he developed an interest in Chinese. 2．What does the word “resolution” underlined in paragraph 2 mean? A．Choice. B．Determination. C．Statement. D．Promise. 3．What can we infer about Dr. Stephen Krashen’s theory? A．It encourages learning through immersion and understandable content. B．It emphasizes the importance of grammar rules. C．It focuses on learning Chinese through watching TV shows. D．It suggests learning a lot of difficult words at once. 4．What can we learn about the writer from the last paragraph? A．He has developed great fluency in Chinese. B．He feels proud of his talent for the Chinese language. C．He gets a sense of achievement in learning Chinese. D．He has decided to stop learning Chinese for a while. C Many of us have to pay fines when we return overdue library materials. Even worse, if we lose the materials, we may have to pay to replace them. While we may dislike these punishments, we should consider ourselves lucky. At least one early library threatened people with much harsher punishments. The world’s first known library with a system of organization and cataloged materials was in the ancient city of Nineveh, Assyria, near what is now Mosel, Iraq. Unlike Egyptians, who wrote on a paper called papyrus, Assyrians wrote manuscripts (手稿) on clay tablets (泥板). In the 1800s, archaeologists (考古学家) discovered huge numbers of these manuscripts in Nineveh’s ruins. Scholars were able to read them and found notes at the bottom of each tablet that told who had owned them. They were part of the private library of King Ashurbanipal, who ruled Assyria from 668 BC to 627 BC． Unlike many kings of that time, Ashurbanipal was able to read and write. Scholars believe that Ashurbanipal’s library contained more than 1,200 titles on thousands of tablets. Many had been taken from defeated enemies during wartime — a common practice at the time. Others had been copied from earlier tablets. The library contained dictionaries as well as tablets on religion, science, magic, and history. It also contained literature, such as the Epic of Gilgamesh, a famous story from the region. Materials were even organized into different rooms, much like today’s libraries. Although this was a private library, other people could use it. However, unlike today’s library books, materials from Ashurbanipal’s library contained curses (诅咒) threatening the anger of the gods against anyone stealing or writing on the manuscripts. Maybe today’s library fines really aren’t so bad. 1．What can we know about manuscripts in the ancient world? A．They belonged to religious leaders. B．They were used as weapons. C．They contained useless information. D．They were considered valuable. 2．What can you infer about ancient Assyria according to the text? A．It fought many needless wars. B．It was a powerful kingdom. C．It was primitive and undeveloped. D．It was disorganized and lawless. 3．Which adjectives best describe King Ashurbanipal? A．Cruel and greedy. B．Strict and selfless. C．Brave and generous. D．Intelligent and cultured. 4．Why might Assyria’s manuscripts have survived while those of ancient Egypt did not? A．Ashurbanipal’s library was well protected. B．Clay does not rot (腐烂) as easily as paper. C．Ashurbanipal placed a curse on the materials. D．No one was interested in Assyria’s manuscripts. 二、完形填空 Last week, not far from our community in Iowa City, a cat was stuck in a tree for several days. It got up there by itself. It does have 1 , and it was perfectly able to climb back down the way it came. But somehow, the cat didn’t 2 this. One would be hero tried 3 the tree, but the cat climbed higher out of reach of its 4 . Another guy tried using a ladder to 5 the cat. But again, the cat climbed even higher, this time 30 feet up to the 6 branches that could not hold the weight of a person. And in the winter, with ice and snow on the 7 , it was downright foolhardy (十分鲁莽的). Not to mention the fact that the 8 cat had already bitten one rescuer. Iowa City police officer Troy Kelsay had to 9 any more such acts of bravery. But something had to be done. Later, a cherry picker was rented and the poor creature was brought 10 back to earth. And all this worry and expense and physical effort was for a 11 animal! Nobody owned it. All these people had come together to rescue the cat for no other reason than pure 12 . I don’t know if our cat, Shavi, climbs the bookcase because she really thinks she is a mountain lion or just because she 13 to look down on humans. But I hate to 14 what would happen if she ever got outside and tried to climb a tree. But in a cat friendly 15 like ours, I guess she’d be all right. 1．A．eyes B．claws C．advantages D．problems 2．A．prefer B．avoid C．forget D．know 3．A．shaking B．climbing C．cutting D．approaching 4．A．partner B．owner C．rescuer D．controller 5．A．support B．amuse C．calm D．reach 6．A．smaller B．greener C．older D．lower 7．A．branches B．houses C．ladders D．roads 8．A．clever B．brave C．escaped D．terrified 9．A．appreciate B．forbid C．consider D．ignore 10．A．hardly B．secretly C．strangely D．safely 11．A．lovely B．homeless C．careful D．young 12．A．kindness B．devotion C．curiosity D．generosity 13．A．refuses B．struggles C．likes D．fails 14．A．acknowledge B．explain C．remember D．imagine 15．A．world B．village C．neighborhood D．family 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One day, I went to the park with my younger sister. As we walked around, we noticed a group of children playing soccer 1 (energetic). They were having so much fun that we stopped to watch them. Among the children, there was a little boy 2 seemed a bit younger than the others. He was having trouble controlling the ball, but he didn’t give up. Every time he missed the ball, he would run after it 3 (quick) and try again. My sister was so amused by his determination 4 she wanted to take a picture of him. As she got her camera ready, the little boy happened to score a goal. His face lit up 5 (bright) with joy and he jumped up and down excitedly. We couldn’t help 6 (clap) for him. At that moment, I realized how important it was to never give up. No matter how difficult things seem, if we keep trying, we can achieve our goals. Later, we walked over to a lake in the park. The water was calm and clear, reflecting the blue sky 7 the surrounding trees. It was such a beautiful sight that we sat down on a bench 8 (enjoy) the view. While we were sitting there, a bird flew down and landed on the bench next to us. It was a small sparrow. It looked at us 9 (curious), as if it was wondering what we were doing. We just smiled at it and didn’t move, afraid that we would scare it away. After a while, the sparrow flew away. We watched it until it disappeared 10 the sky. Then we got up and continued our walk, feeling happy and peaceful. 2、 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文 Ali and his younger sister, Zahra, lived with their parents in a poor neighborhood. Their mother was very sick and their father was struggling to find a job, and they had only a little money with which to buy food. As they had not paid the rent for several months, the landlord was breathing down their necks (催促). One day, Ali took Zahra’s shoes to a shoe repairman to be fixed, but he lost them on the way home. It wasn’t until he got home that he realized he had lost the shoes. He was afraid that his parents would be angry and disappointed, so he begged his sister to keep it secret. Zahra agreed and the two decided to share Ali’s running shoes. Zahra’s school hours were in the morning, so she would wear them first. After school, she would rush back and give them to Ali. He could then run to his school, which began in the afternoon. Although he ran as fast as he could, Ali often arrived late and was warned by the school. Ali heard about a long distance race that was held for the boys in the city. When he learned that the third prize was a new pair of shoes, he decided to take part. He ran home excitedly and promised his sister that he would win her the new shoes. The day of race arrived. Ali had a strong start, but halfway through the race he began to get tired and his legs began to ache. Getting more and more exhausted he thought only of Zahra and his promise to her. Dreaming of the new shoes he would win for his sister gave him strength, and he stayed right behind the two fastest runners, determined to finish third. Suddenly, as the finish line drew near, another runner collided (碰撞) with Ali from behind and he crashed to the ground. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Filled with delight, Ali walked home quickly. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业04 定语从句（限制性定语从句） 定语从句：在主从复合句中，修饰限定某一名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。 先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常为名词（如人、物、地点、时间等），也可以是整个主句的内容。 关系词：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语，同时替代先行词。根据其用法分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语 关系副词：when, where, why 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why 原因名词 原因状语 分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整，无逗号。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。 This is the school where I studied ten years ago.（无逗号，限制性定语从句） He bought a house, whose roof was painted red.（有逗号，非限制性定语从句） 作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 特殊限制 只用 that 的情况 (1)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, few, none等不定代词时。 (2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 (3)先行词被all, only, very, no 等限定词修饰时。 (4)先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时。 (5)主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句为了避免重复时。 (6)当先行词是the way在句中作方式状语时，后面用that或者in which或者省略that。 (7)【警告】注意关系代词that作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。 (8)【警告】注意that不能用于非限制性定语从句，前边有逗号为标志。 只用 which 的情况： (1)引导限定性定语从句（不用逗号分隔）,先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。 (2)引导非限定性定语从句（用逗号和主句分隔），先行词可以是一个名词，也可以指代前面整个主句的内容。 (3)用于“介词 + which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。 (4)【警告】空格前出现逗号，未必后边就用关系代词which, 也可能用关系代词whom（先行词指人）或where（定语从句不缺少主语或宾语）。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择（每题1份，共15分） 1．Anyone who is a server or ____ has been one knows that customers always come first. A．whom B．what C．who D．which 【答案】C 【解析】句意：任何一个服务员或者曾经做过服务员的人都知道顾客永远是第一位的。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是Anyone（任何人），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选C。 2．—Class, you should be thankful to those people _______ helped and supported you. —We will. Miss Chen. A．which B．whom C．who D．whose 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——同学们，你们应该感谢那些帮助和支持过你们的人。——我们会的，陈老师。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是people（人们），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选C。 3．She has a teenager granddaughter about my age ________ is really kind. A．who B．which C．where D．/ 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她有一个和我年纪相仿的孙女，这个女孩人非常好。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是granddaughter（孙女），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，不能省略，需用who引导定语从句，故选A。 4．—What are you looking for? —I' m looking for the dictionary ______ you lent me last week. A．who B．what C．that D．when 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你在找什么？——我在找你上周借给我的那本字典。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是dictionary（字典），指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，可用that/which引导定语从句，故选C。 5．— What do you think of the show Readers on CCTV? — It’s a great TV show _______ expresses our true feelings by reading aloud in public. A．whom B．who C．whose D．that 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你觉得中央电视台的《朗读者》这个节目怎么样？——这是一档通过当众朗读来抒发我们真情实感的优秀电视节目。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是TV show（电视节目），指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用that引导定语从句，故选D。 6．—What kind of teachers do you like, John? —I like the teachers _____are friendly to us. A．which B．whose C．who 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——约翰，你喜欢什么样的老师？——我喜欢对我们友好的老师。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是teachers（老师），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选C。 7．—In the program The Singer in 2018, I like Hua Chenyu most. —Yes. He is the singer _______ won the first prize of Happy Boy’s Voice in 2013. A．what B．which C．who 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——在2018年的《歌手》节目中，我最喜欢华晨宇。——是的。他就是那个在2013年获得《快乐男声》冠军的歌手。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是singer（歌手），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选C。 8．—Only You is a TV program _______is popular with most young people. —Yes, it is definitely true. A．that B．whose C．what D．who 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——《只有你》是一档受大多数年轻人欢迎的电视节目。——是的，确实如此。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是TV program（电视节目），指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用that引导定语从句，故选A。 9．Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist _______________is leading a research to develop "sea rice". A．Who B．whom C．which D．whose 【答案】A 【解析】句意：袁隆平是一位中国水稻科学家，他正主导一项研发“海水稻”的研究。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是scientist（科学家），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选A。 10．Danny met a famous astronaut ________ was the first Canadian astronaut in space. A．which B．What C．whose D．who 【答案】D 【解析】句意：丹尼见到了一位著名的宇航员，他是进入太空的第一位加拿大宇航员。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是astronaut（宇航员），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选D。 11．—I hear that Lucy’s uncle is a worker here. —Yes. Look, the man ________ is working over there is her uncle. A．whom B．who C．what D．which 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我听说露西的叔叔是这儿的一名工人。——是的，看，那边正在工作的那个男人就是她的叔叔。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是man（男人），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选B。 12．—Have you watched the TV play “In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？ —It’s the most popular play ______ our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败). A．where show B．which show C．that shows D．who shows 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你看过《人民的名义》这部电视剧吗？——这是一部展现我们党全力反腐的最受欢迎的电视剧。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是play（戏剧、剧集），指物，且先行词被the most popular（最高级）修饰，定语从句只能用that引导；从句主语是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式shows，故选C。 13．My grandparents like stories ________ have happy endings. A．they B．who C．which D．/ 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我的祖父母喜欢有圆满结局的故事。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是stories（故事），指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，不能省略，需用which引导定语从句，故选C。 14．—Is this the new dictionary ___ you got yesterday? —Yes. Now it's very convenient for me to look up words. A．that B．why C．what 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——这是你昨天买到的那本新字典吗？——是的，现在我查单词非常方便。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是dictionary（字典），指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，需用that引导定语从句，故选A。 15．That’s the boy _______won the first prize in the competition yesterday. A．who B．which C．whom 【答案】A 【解析】句意：那个男孩就是昨天在比赛中获得一等奖的人。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是the boy（男孩），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选A。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共10分） 1．The champion talked a lot about things and people _______helped him become a successful athlete. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【解析】句意：这位冠军谈论了许多帮助他成为一名成功运动员的人和事。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词既有人people又有物things时，定语从句只能用that引导，故填that。 2．Do you still remember the chicken farm _______we visited three months ago? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which（不填也可） 【解析】句意：你还记得我们三个月前参观过的那个养鸡场吗？ 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是the chicken farm，指物，关系词在从句中作visited的宾语，可用that/which引导，作宾语的关系词也可省略，故填that/which。 3．She was grateful for everything _______ the medical and nursing team had done for her. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】句意：她感激医护团队为她所做的一切。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是everything，属于不定代词，先行词为不定代词时，定语从句只能用that引导，故填that。 4．It offers a place _______ you can sit down to rest your aching legs. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】where 【解析】句意：这里有一个可以让你坐下来歇歇酸痛双腿的地方。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是a place，指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，需用where引导定语从句，故填where。 5．But like all performances, there are moments _______ things go wrong. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【解析】句意：但是和所有的演出一样，总有一些出纰漏的时刻。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是moments，指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，需用when引导定语从句，故填when。 6．The doctor explained the reason _______ sleeping with pets all night may not be good for your health. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】why 【解析】句意：医生解释了整夜和宠物一起睡觉可能对你的健康不利的原因。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是the reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，需用why引导定语从句，故填why。 7．The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall _______ has survived China’s long history. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【解析】句意：西安城墙是中国悠久历史中保存最完整的城墙。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是city wall，指物，且被最高级the most complete修饰，定语从句只能用that引导，故填that。 8．This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those _______ did the work. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】who 【解析】句意：这份工作能让你珍惜自己赚到的钱，也能让你尊重那些做这份工作的人。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是those，指代人，关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故填who。 9．This is the building _______ windows were all painted green. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：这就是那栋窗户都被漆成绿色的大楼。 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是the building，关系词在从句中作windows的定语，表所属关系“……的”，需用whose引导定语从句，故填whose。 10．Do you know the man _______ the little girl is turning to for help? （用适当的词填空） 【答案】who/whom/that（不填也可） 【解析】句意：你认识那个小女孩正在向其求助的男人吗？ 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是the man，指人，关系词在从句中作turn to的宾语，可用who/whom/that引导，作宾语的关系词也可省略，故填who/whom/that。 一、阅读理解 A Winter break is a pretty solid time for high school students to prepare for upcoming college applications, especially if you’re in your senior year. If you’re looking for programs that run during the winter, this list is for you! UC San Diego’s Academic (学业的) Connections Research Scholars-Bioengineering Track Application Deadline: Rolling admissions Program Dates: Jan 14-Mar 4,2025 Location: UC San Diego, CA Fee: $2,500 This program offers high school students a chance to study bioengineering in three parts: an introductory level, research level, and internship (实习期) level. During the internship, students work on a project from planning to lab work and presentation, earning 3 college credits at the end. EnergyMag Research Internship Application Deadline: Rolling Program Dates: Open all year round Location: Online Fee: Free EnergyMag offers students a chance to research renewable energy. With mentor guidance, students study a company or technology, gather data, and produce a report. A winter internship is also available(1-9 months, 8 hours per week). UMBC’s Pre-College Program Application Deadline: Dec 20,2024 Program Dates: Jan 2-Jan 26,2025 Location: UMBC, MD Fee: $439-$6,426 High school students can earn college credits by taking courses in biology, economics, history, languages, and more. The program offers in-person, online, and hybrid options. Students need school permission and strong academic performance. Girls Garage’s Construction Program Application Deadline: Rolling dates Program Dates: 3 weeks during fall, winter and spring Location: Girls Garage, CA Fee: Free This program teaches construction skills, including carpentry, welding, and design, through real-world community projects. It promotes teamwork and encourages students to think about fairness and inclusion. 1．What is the focus of the UC San Diego’s Bioengineering Track? A．To prepare students for college applications. B．To provide college credits in a variety of subjects. C．To teach bioengineering through hands-on projects. D．To offer free research internships in bioengineering. 2．Which program has a requirement for students’ academic standing? A．UMBC’s Pre-College Program. B．EnergyMag Research Internship. C．Girls Garage’s Construction Program. D．UC San Diego’s Bioengineering Track. 3．What do EnergyMag Research Internship and Girls Garage’s Construction Program have in common? A．Both need a participation fee. B．Both educate students about life skills. C．Both are specifically designed for girls. D．Both accept applications on a rolling basis. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个适合高中生在寒假期间参加的大学预备项目。 1．细节理解题。根据“UC San Diego’s Academic (学业的) Connections Research Scholars-Bioengineering Track”部分提到的“This program offers high school students a chance to study bioengineering in three parts: an introductory level, research level, and internship (实习期) level. During the internship, students work on a project from planning to lab work and presentation, earning 3 college credits at the end.(这个项目为高中生提供了学习生物工程的三个阶段的机会：入门级、研究级和实习级。在实习期间，学生们从规划到实验室工作再到展示，全程参与一个项目，并在项目结束时获得3个大学学分)”可知，这个项目是让学生通过参与实际项目来学习生物工程。故选C。 2．细节理解题。由文中“UMBC’s Pre-College Program”部分“Students need school permission and strong academic performance (学生需要得到学校的许可并具备出色的学业成绩)”可知，学生需要学校的许可和优异的学业成绩，说明UMBC的预科项目对学生的学业成绩有要求。故选A。 3．细节理解题。由文中“EnergyMag Research Internship”部分“Application Deadline: Rolling (申请截止日期：滚动)”和“Girls Garage’s Construction Program”部分“Application Deadline: Rolling dates (申请截止日期：滚动日期)”可知，这两个项目的申请截止日期都是滚动进行的，说明两者都接受滚动申请。故选D。 B In the summer of 2018, like any typical high school student, I was spending my summer afternoons watching tons and tons of cinema and TV. There was one TV show that drew my attention and I still remember its name — Love’ Me, If You Dare. The story was so interesting, and the sounds of the Chinese language so interesting, that I followed up that Chinese show with more Chinese show. However, what I didn’t realize was that I had unknowingly learned some basic pronunciation and many words of Chinese. In 2020, I made a resolution to learn Chinese seriously. I simply did what most others do — googled how to learn Chinese, and started watching videos that teach Chinese through vocabulary exercises and grammar rules. But in a matter of weeks, I became frustrated. I wasn’t learning anything. It was during this time of frustration that I came across Dr. Stephen Krashen’s theory (理论) on second language acquisition — the process of immersion (沉浸式学习), and specifically Comprehensible Input. Comprehensible Input totally changed my way of learning Chinese. I gave up the useless videos and traditional methods of study, and instead focused on understandable Chinese content. I also used graded readers and children’s short stories as part of my daily Chinese “studies.” Besides, I made a rule to spend time immersing myself in the language for at least 1-2 hours every day. Recently, I was excited to see how far my Chinese language journey had taken me! Despite still having a long way to go towards fluency, I take pride in my daily progress. For me, learning a language is an ongoing adventure, filled with small victories and continuous growth. 1．What is the writer’s purpose in sharing his experience in paragraph 1? A．To introduce easy ways to pick up Chinese. B．To explain which part of Chinese he preferred. C．To stress his years of efforts in learning Chinese. D．To show how he developed an interest in Chinese. 2．What does the word “resolution” underlined in paragraph 2 mean? A．Choice. B．Determination. C．Statement. D．Promise. 3．What can we infer about Dr. Stephen Krashen’s theory? A．It encourages learning through immersion and understandable content. B．It emphasizes the importance of grammar rules. C．It focuses on learning Chinese through watching TV shows. D．It suggests learning a lot of difficult words at once. 4．What can we learn about the writer from the last paragraph? A．He has developed great fluency in Chinese. B．He feels proud of his talent for the Chinese language. C．He gets a sense of achievement in learning Chinese. D．He has decided to stop learning Chinese for a while. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者学习中文的经历。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“There was one TV show that drew my attention and I still remember its name — Love’ Me, If You Dare. The story was so interesting, and the sounds of the Chinese language so interesting, that I followed up that Chinese show with more Chinese show. However, what I didn’t realize was that I had unknowingly learned some basic pronunciation and many words of Chinese.(有一个电视节目引起了我的注意，我仍然记得它的名字——两小无猜。这个故事很有趣，中文的声音也很有趣，所以我接着看了更多的中文节目。然而，我没有意识到的是，我在不知不觉中学会了一些基本的发音和许多汉语单词)”及下文作者学习中文的经历可知，文章第一段是为了说明他如何对中文产生兴趣的。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“I simply did what most others do — googled how to learn Chinese, and started watching videos that teach Chinese through vocabulary exercises and grammar rules.(我只是做了大多数人都会做的事情——在谷歌上搜索如何学习中文，然后开始观看通过词汇练习和语法规则教授汉语的视频)”及划线词后文“learn Chinese seriously”可知，作者在2020年下决心认真学习中文，划线词与determination意思相近。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It was during this time of frustration that I came across Dr. Stephen Krashen’s theory (理论) on second language acquisition — the process of immersion (沉浸式学习), and specifically Comprehensible Input.(正是在这段沮丧的时间里，我看到了斯蒂芬·克拉申博士关于第二语言习得的理论——沉浸的过程，特别是可理解输入)”及第三段“Comprehensible Input totally changed my way of learning Chinese. I gave up the useless videos and traditional methods of study, and instead focused on understandable Chinese content. I also used graded readers and children’s short stories as part of my daily Chinese “studies.”(可理解输入法完全改变了我学习中文的方式。我放弃了无用的视频和传统的学习方法，而是专注于可理解的中文内容。我还使用分级读物和儿童短篇故事作为我日常中文“学习”的一部分)”可知，斯蒂芬·克拉申博士的学习理论鼓励通过沉浸和可理解的内容来学习。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Recently, I was excited to see how far my Chinese language journey had taken me! Despite still having a long way to go towards fluency, I take pride in my daily progress. For me, learning a language is an ongoing adventure, filled with small victories and continuous growth.(最近，我很兴奋地看到我的中文之旅已经走了多远！尽管离流利还有很长的路要走，但我为自己每天的进步感到自豪。对我来说，学习一门语言是一场持续的冒险，充满了小小的胜利和持续的成长)”可知，作者从学习中文中获得了一种成就感。故选C。 C Many of us have to pay fines when we return overdue library materials. Even worse, if we lose the materials, we may have to pay to replace them. While we may dislike these punishments, we should consider ourselves lucky. At least one early library threatened people with much harsher punishments. The world’s first known library with a system of organization and cataloged materials was in the ancient city of Nineveh, Assyria, near what is now Mosel, Iraq. Unlike Egyptians, who wrote on a paper called papyrus, Assyrians wrote manuscripts (手稿) on clay tablets (泥板). In the 1800s, archaeologists (考古学家) discovered huge numbers of these manuscripts in Nineveh’s ruins. Scholars were able to read them and found notes at the bottom of each tablet that told who had owned them. They were part of the private library of King Ashurbanipal, who ruled Assyria from 668 BC to 627 BC． Unlike many kings of that time, Ashurbanipal was able to read and write. Scholars believe that Ashurbanipal’s library contained more than 1,200 titles on thousands of tablets. Many had been taken from defeated enemies during wartime — a common practice at the time. Others had been copied from earlier tablets. The library contained dictionaries as well as tablets on religion, science, magic, and history. It also contained literature, such as the Epic of Gilgamesh, a famous story from the region. Materials were even organized into different rooms, much like today’s libraries. Although this was a private library, other people could use it. However, unlike today’s library books, materials from Ashurbanipal’s library contained curses (诅咒) threatening the anger of the gods against anyone stealing or writing on the manuscripts. Maybe today’s library fines really aren’t so bad. 1．What can we know about manuscripts in the ancient world? A．They belonged to religious leaders. B．They were used as weapons. C．They contained useless information. D．They were considered valuable. 2．What can you infer about ancient Assyria according to the text? A．It fought many needless wars. B．It was a powerful kingdom. C．It was primitive and undeveloped. D．It was disorganized and lawless. 3．Which adjectives best describe King Ashurbanipal? A．Cruel and greedy. B．Strict and selfless. C．Brave and generous. D．Intelligent and cultured. 4．Why might Assyria’s manuscripts have survived while those of ancient Egypt did not? A．Ashurbanipal’s library was well protected. B．Clay does not rot (腐烂) as easily as paper. C．Ashurbanipal placed a curse on the materials. D．No one was interested in Assyria’s manuscripts. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了古代亚述国王阿淑尔巴尼拔的私人图书馆及其手稿的相关情况。 1．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Scholars believe that Ashurbanipal’s library contained more than 1,200 titles on thousands of tablets. Many had been taken from defeated enemies during wartime — a common practice at the time. (学者们认为，阿淑尔巴尼拔的图书馆收藏了1200多部著作，写在数千块泥板上。其中许多是在战时从被打败的敌人手中夺来的——这在当时是一种常见的做法。)”可知，这些手稿在古代被认为是有价值的，才会被收藏和夺取。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Scholars believe that Ashurbanipal’s library contained more than 1,200 titles on thousands of tablets. Many had been taken from defeated enemies during wartime — a common practice at the time. (学者认为，亚述巴尼拔的图书馆藏有数千块泥板，包含1200多个书目。许多手稿是战时从战败敌人那里缴获的（这在当时很常见），另一些则是从早期泥板抄录而来。)”可推知，古代亚述是一个强大的王国，能够在战时从被打败的敌人手中夺取手稿。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Unlike many kings of that time, Ashurbanipal was able to read and write. (与当时的许多国王不同，阿淑尔巴尼拔能够读写。)”以及第四段中“Scholars believe that Ashurbanipal’s library contained more than 1,200 titles on thousands of tablets. (学者认为，亚述巴尼拔的图书馆藏有数千块泥板，包含1200多个书目。)”可知，他是有文化、有智慧的统治者。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Unlike Egyptians, who wrote on a paper called papyrus, Assyrians wrote manuscripts (手稿) on clay tablets (泥板). (与在一种叫做纸莎草的纸上写字的埃及人不同，亚述人在泥板上写手稿。)”可知，埃及人在纸莎草纸上写字，而亚述人在泥板上写字，纸莎草纸容易腐烂，而泥板不易腐烂，所以亚述的手稿得以保存下来，而古埃及的手稿没有。故选B。 二、完形填空 Last week, not far from our community in Iowa City, a cat was stuck in a tree for several days. It got up there by itself. It does have 1 , and it was perfectly able to climb back down the way it came. But somehow, the cat didn’t 2 this. One would be hero tried 3 the tree, but the cat climbed higher out of reach of its 4 . Another guy tried using a ladder to 5 the cat. But again, the cat climbed even higher, this time 30 feet up to the 6 branches that could not hold the weight of a person. And in the winter, with ice and snow on the 7 , it was downright foolhardy (十分鲁莽的). Not to mention the fact that the 8 cat had already bitten one rescuer. Iowa City police officer Troy Kelsay had to 9 any more such acts of bravery. But something had to be done. Later, a cherry picker was rented and the poor creature was brought 10 back to earth. And all this worry and expense and physical effort was for a 11 animal! Nobody owned it. All these people had come together to rescue the cat for no other reason than pure 12 . I don’t know if our cat, Shavi, climbs the bookcase because she really thinks she is a mountain lion or just because she 13 to look down on humans. But I hate to 14 what would happen if she ever got outside and tried to climb a tree. But in a cat friendly 15 like ours, I guess she’d be all right. 1．A．eyes B．claws C．advantages D．problems 2．A．prefer B．avoid C．forget D．know 3．A．shaking B．climbing C．cutting D．approaching 4．A．partner B．owner C．rescuer D．controller 5．A．support B．amuse C．calm D．reach 6．A．smaller B．greener C．older D．lower 7．A．branches B．houses C．ladders D．roads 8．A．clever B．brave C．escaped D．terrified 9．A．appreciate B．forbid C．consider D．ignore 10．A．hardly B．secretly C．strangely D．safely 11．A．lovely B．homeless C．careful D．young 12．A．kindness B．devotion C．curiosity D．generosity 13．A．refuses B．struggles C．likes D．fails 14．A．acknowledge B．explain C．remember D．imagine 15．A．world B．village C．neighborhood D．family 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文为记叙文。文章通过讲述在爱荷华城社区附近发生的一起救猫事件，叙述了人们如何齐心协力救助一只困在树上的流浪猫的过程。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它确实有爪子，而且它完全能够沿着来时的路爬回去。A. eyes眼睛； B. claws爪子； C. advantages优势； D. problems问题。根据前文“Last week, not far from our community in Iowa City, a cat was stuck in a tree for several days.”可知，是一只猫被困在树上，而猫是有爪子的，能帮助它爬回去。故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但不知怎么的，猫并不知道这些。A. prefer更喜欢； B. avoid避免； C. forget忘记； D. know知道。根据前文“Last week, not far from our community in Iowa City, a cat was stuck in a tree for several days.”可知，猫被困好几天了，所以是不知怎么的，猫并不知道它完全能够沿着来时的路爬回去。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个想成为英雄的人试着爬上树，但猫爬得更高，救它的人够不着。A. shaking摇晃； B. climbing攀爬； C. cutting切割； D. approaching接近。根据后文“but the cat climbed higher out of reach of its 　　　　4　　　　.”可知，猫爬的太高了，够不着，所以是有人试着爬上树救猫。故选B项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个想成为英雄的人试着爬上树，但猫爬得更高，救它的人够不着。A. partner伙伴； B. owner主人； C. rescuer救援者； D. controller控制者。根据前文“One would be hero tried 　　　　3　　　　 the tree,”可知，有人想爬上树救它，所以是它的救援者。且下文“cat had already bitten one rescuer”也是提示。故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个人试图用梯子够到那只猫。A. support支持； B. amuse使高兴； C. calm平静； D. reach到达，够。根据前文“but the cat climbed higher out of reach”可知，猫爬的太高了，所以有人试图用梯子够到那只猫。故选D项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，猫又一次爬得更高了，这次爬到了30英尺高的小树枝上，这些树枝无法承受一个人的重量。A. smaller更小的；B. greener更绿的；C. older更老的；D. lower更低的。根据后文“could not hold the weight of a person”可知，树枝不能承受一个人的重量，所以应是爬到更小的树枝上。故选A项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在冬天，树枝上结满了冰和雪，这是非常鲁莽的。A. branches树枝；B. houses房子； C. ladders梯子；D. roads道路。根据上文“But again, the cat climbed even higher, this time 30 feet up to the 　　　　6　　　　 branches that could not hold the weight of a person.”可知，猫爬到更小的树枝上，且树枝上结满了冰和雪。故选A项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更不用说这只受惊的猫已经咬了一位救援人员。A. clever聪明的； B. brave勇敢的； C. escaped逃脱的； D. terrified害怕的。根据后文“had already bitten one rescuer”可知，猫咬了人，所以应是害怕的。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：爱荷华市警官Troy Kelsay不得不禁止这种勇敢的行为。A. appreciate欣赏； B. forbid禁止； C. consider考虑； D. ignore忽略。根据前文内容可知，猫爬到更小的树枝上，树枝上结满了冰和雪，且猫还受惊了，所以继续救援是非常危险的，所以警官不得不禁止这种勇敢的行为。故选B项。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：后来，人们租了一辆采摘樱桃的车，把这只可怜的动物安全带回了地面。A. hardly几乎不； B. secretly秘密地； C. strangely奇怪地； D. safely安全地。根据前文“Later, a cherry picker was rented”可知，最后人们租了一辆采摘樱桃的车，是为了安全地把猫带回地面。故选D项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有这些担心、花费和体力劳动都是为了一只无家可归的动物！A. lovely可爱的； B. homeless无家可归的； C. careful小心的； D. young年轻的。根据后文“Nobody owned it.”可知，小猫没有主人，所以是一只无家可归的动物。故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些人聚在一起拯救这只猫，纯粹是出于善意。A. kindness善良； B. devotion奉献； C. curiosity好奇心； D. generosity慷慨。根据前文“Nobody owned it.”可知，小猫没有主人，所以救它不会得到感谢，纯粹是出于善意。故选A项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道我们的猫沙维（Shavi）爬上书架是因为她真的觉得自己是一只美洲狮，还是仅仅因为她喜欢俯视人类。A. refuses拒绝； B. struggles挣扎； C. likes喜欢； D. fails失败。根据后文“to look down on humans”结合选项可知，应是“她喜欢俯视人类”之意，符合语境。故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我不愿想象如果她出去爬上一棵树会发生什么。A. acknowledge承认； B. explain解释； C. remember记住； D. imagine想象。根据后文“what would happen if she ever got outside and tried to climb a tree.”结合选项可知，应是“不愿想象如果她出去爬上一棵树会发生什么”之意。故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在我们这样一个对猫友好的社区里，我想她会没事的。A. world世界； B. village村庄； C. neighborhood社区； D. family家庭。根据前文“Last week, not far from our community in Iowa City, a cat was stuck in a tree for several days.”可知，作者在一个爱猫的社区。故选C项。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One day, I went to the park with my younger sister. As we walked around, we noticed a group of children playing soccer 1 (energetic). They were having so much fun that we stopped to watch them. Among the children, there was a little boy 2 seemed a bit younger than the others. He was having trouble controlling the ball, but he didn’t give up. Every time he missed the ball, he would run after it 3 (quick) and try again. My sister was so amused by his determination 4 she wanted to take a picture of him. As she got her camera ready, the little boy happened to score a goal. His face lit up 5 (bright) with joy and he jumped up and down excitedly. We couldn’t help 6 (clap) for him. At that moment, I realized how important it was to never give up. No matter how difficult things seem, if we keep trying, we can achieve our goals. Later, we walked over to a lake in the park. The water was calm and clear, reflecting the blue sky 7 the surrounding trees. It was such a beautiful sight that we sat down on a bench 8 (enjoy) the view. While we were sitting there, a bird flew down and landed on the bench next to us. It was a small sparrow. It looked at us 9 (curious), as if it was wondering what we were doing. We just smiled at it and didn’t move, afraid that we would scare it away. After a while, the sparrow flew away. We watched it until it disappeared 10 the sky. Then we got up and continued our walk, feeling happy and peaceful. 【答案】 1．energetically 2．who/that 3．quickly 4．that 5．brightly 6．clapping 7．and 8．to enjoy 9．curiously 10．into 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者与妹妹在公园看到一群孩子坚持踢足球，还欣赏了湖景、偶遇小鸟，从中领悟到坚持的重要性与自然之美。 1．考查副词。句意：当我们四处走动时，我们注意到一群孩子在精力充沛地踢足球。此处需要用副词energetically修饰动词playing，表示“精力充沛地”。故填energetically。 2．考查定语从句。句意：在这些孩子中，有一个小男孩看起来比其他孩子稍微小一点。分析句子可知，“___ seemed a bit younger than the others”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a little boy，，为人，在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词who或that。故填who或that。 3．考查副词。句意：每次他没踢到球，他都会迅速跑去追球，然后再试一次。这里用副词quickly修饰动词run，表示“快速地”。故填quickly。 4．考查状语从句。句意：我妹妹被他的决心逗乐了，以至于她想给他拍张照片。这里考查“so...that...”，是固定句型，意为“如此…… 以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填that。 5．考查副词。句意：他的脸因喜悦而容光焕发，兴奋地跳了起来。此处用副词brightly修饰动词lit up，表示“明亮地”。故填brightly。 6．考查非谓语。句意：我们忍不住为他鼓掌。这里考查can’t help doing sth.， 是固定搭配，意为“忍不住做某事”，符合句意。故填clapping。 7．考查连词。句意：湖水平静而清澈，倒映着蓝天和周围的树木。the blue sky和the surrounding trees是并列关系，所以应用并列连词and。故填and。 8．考查非谓语。句意：这景色太美了，我们坐在长椅上欣赏风景。“___ (enjoy) the view”是目的状语，用动词不定式表示目的。故填to enjoy。 9．考查副词。句意：它好奇地看着我们，好像在想我们在做什么。这里用副词curiously修饰动词looked at，表示“好奇地”。故填curiously。 10．考查介词。句意：我们看着它，直到它消失在天空中。分析句子可知，这里考查disappear into是固定搭配，意为“消失在…… 中”。故填into。 2、 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文 Ali and his younger sister, Zahra, lived with their parents in a poor neighborhood. Their mother was very sick and their father was struggling to find a job, and they had only a little money with which to buy food. As they had not paid the rent for several months, the landlord was breathing down their necks (催促). One day, Ali took Zahra’s shoes to a shoe repairman to be fixed, but he lost them on the way home. It wasn’t until he got home that he realized he had lost the shoes. He was afraid that his parents would be angry and disappointed, so he begged his sister to keep it secret. Zahra agreed and the two decided to share Ali’s running shoes. Zahra’s school hours were in the morning, so she would wear them first. After school, she would rush back and give them to Ali. He could then run to his school, which began in the afternoon. Although he ran as fast as he could, Ali often arrived late and was warned by the school. Ali heard about a long distance race that was held for the boys in the city. When he learned that the third prize was a new pair of shoes, he decided to take part. He ran home excitedly and promised his sister that he would win her the new shoes. The day of race arrived. Ali had a strong start, but halfway through the race he began to get tired and his legs began to ache. Getting more and more exhausted he thought only of Zahra and his promise to her. Dreaming of the new shoes he would win for his sister gave him strength, and he stayed right behind the two fastest runners, determined to finish third. Suddenly, as the finish line drew near, another runner collided (碰撞) with Ali from behind and he crashed to the ground. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Filled with delight, Ali walked home quickly. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead. Refusing to give up at this point, he jumped to his feet and ran as fast as he could. He dashed across the finish line and won the fourth prize. Thinking he would let his sister down, Ali couldn’t help sobbing. Just then he suddenly heard the announcement from the broadcast that he won the third prize as the runner who collided with Ali was disqualified for breaking the rule. Holding the shoes close to his chest during the award ceremony, Ali felt overjoyed and relieved. Filled with delight, Ali walked home quickly. He could not wait to see his sister and share the thrilling news. On his arrival, Ali found Zahra was waiting outside. She was wondering whether her brother had brought her what she was expecting. “Zahra, see what I have got for you.” He took the prize out of his bag with his trembling hands. The moment Zahra saw the shoes, her face lit up. So thrilled was she that she threw herself at Ali. “Thank you! Ali.” Tears of joy welled up in their eyes. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，本文讲述了一个在一个贫困的家庭里有两个孩子，他们身上的钱只够买吃的，一天Ali带着妹妹的鞋子去修理，结果半路上却把鞋子丢了，两人商量好两个人先穿一双鞋。有一次学校举办跑步比赛，奖品是一双鞋，Ali决定参加并且获取第一。可就快到终点时，被人撞倒了，摔在了地上。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Ali抬起头，看到其他男孩都冲在前面。”可知，第一段可描写他拒绝放弃，快速地跑去，冲过终点线，获得了第四名，但是广播中宣布自己是第三名，撞到他的跑步者因违规而被取消资格，在颁奖典礼上，把鞋子紧贴胸前，欣喜若狂。 ②由第二段首句内容“Ali满怀喜悦，快步走回家。”可知，第二段可描写他迫切的想与妹妹分享这个激动人心的消息，妹妹很期待哥哥给她带来的礼物，看到鞋子的那一刻脸上露出了光芒，向哥哥表示了感谢，喜悦的泪水在眼眶中涌出。 2.续写线索：抬起头——拒绝——冲向终点——欣喜若狂——回家——分享——礼物——感谢——喜悦 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①跳：jump/leap/spring ②违反：break/violate ③看见：see/catch sight of 情绪类 ①失望：let sb down/disappoint sb ②欣喜若狂：overjoyed/ecstatic/elated ③激动的：thrilled/excited 【点睛】[高分句型1] Refusing to give up at this point, he jumped to his feet and ran as fast as he could. (运用了现在分词作状语) [高分句型2] She was wondering whether her brother had brought her what she was expecting. (运用了whether引导的宾语从句) 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $